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第六讲特殊句式单句语法填空．(·天津高考改编) .解析：句意：直到汽车停在了我们的房子前面的时候，我们才看到莉莉坐在乘客座上。
此处是强调句型“ ()＋被强调部分＋＋其余部分”，本句强调的是时间状语从句。
．(·天津高考改编) .解析：句意：正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。
此处为强调句型' ...，被强调的是句中的时间状语从句。
．(·天津高考改编) .解析：句意：你等错地方了。
长途客车是在宾馆接游客。
去掉和空格处后是一个完整的句子，因此本句是一个强调句，填。
[谨记规则]．强调句型()强调句型的基本结构：＋被强调的部分＋＋句子其他部分。
该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。
当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用或，其他情况下一律用。
.只有通过倾听和相互理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才可能被解决。
[特别注意]强调主语时，要注意连接词和谓语的一致性。
.正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。
()强调句型的一般疑问句结构：＋＋被强调的部分＋＋句子其他部分？?他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗？()强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋＋＋＋句子其他部分？?他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？[特别注意]由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。
' .她不知道是谁救了她的儿子。
() ... 的强调句型结构： ... ＋＋句子其他部分。
.直到那时我才意识到了健康的重要性。
．强调谓语动词...结构不能强调谓语动词。
可用助动词, 或来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，还可以用于祈使句。
, .她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。
．状语从句中的省略在 , , , , , , , 等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是时，状语从句中的主语和谓语中的动词可以一起省略。
, ( ) , .这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明，否则，都追溯到世纪年代。
必修3 Module 6 课下作业（一、二）课下作业（一）单元语基扎根练Ⅰ.单词拼写1．It was not until he removed (摘掉) his sunglasses that I recognized him.2．Most dams (坝，堤) are built to control a river's water flow, improve navigation and control flooding.3．Still, the variety of the structures (结构) used in the example sentences benefits me greatly.4．He is a very careful man, but he can make mistakes which seem ridiculous (荒唐的)．5．Fathers have an enormous (巨大的) effect on their children's personalities.6．The plane crashed (撞上) into the mountain, but luckily the pilot survived.7．They made 30 days'accommodations (膳宿) for us in the activity during the summer holiday.8．We need to hold back global (全球的) warming and prepare for its outcome.9．It was so foggy (有浓雾的) that the driver could hardly make out the way ahead.10．The bridge, due to completed at the end of the year is still under construction (建造)．Ⅱ.语境语法填空1．Li Hua has always dreamed ❶of being admitted to Tsinghua University, which dates ❷from the 1910s. Now his dream ❸has_come (come) true. He is so excited that he can't hold ❹back his happy tears.2．Your opinion is ❶of great importance to the matter. But now ❷that the decision has been made, it makes no sense ❸to_argue (argue) about it any more. So we should bring ❹an end to the meaningless dispute.Ⅲ.语境改错文中共有6处错误，每句中最多有两处，请找出并改正。
Unit 3 Understanding each other一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词——省时高效(二)练中记短语——记牢用活(三)仿写明句式——以用为本二、课堂重点深化1．ensure vt.& n．保证，担保，确保[自主体验]句型转换The teachers spared no effort to ensure an equal chance to all students.①The teachers spared no effort to ensure that all students had an equal chance.②The teachers spared no effort to make sure that all students had an equal chance.完成句子③We must ensure_our_children_against contamination by bad ideas.我们必须保护我们的孩子免受坏思想的侵蚀。
④To_ensure_food_safety,_the government has promised to reduce the amount of chemicals used in food production.为了确保食品安全，政府已经承诺减少生产食品时所用化学物质的数量。
[系统归纳]易错对对碰(sure/ensure)⑤A good sleep will ensure you quicker recovery.⑥I'm sure you can get with it if you try.佳句时时写⑦(2015·陕西高考书面表达)我保证我绝对不会辜负你的期望。
I_ensure_that_I_can_perfectly_live_up_to_your_expectations.2．congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺[自主体验]单句语法填空/单句改错①I want to express my sincere congratulations (congratulate) on your doing so well in the exam.②She congratulated him on the birth of his son.③You can congratulate you on having done an excellent job.第二个you→yourself一句多译我一定得祝贺你荣任经理之职。
第三部分理清常用句式第一讲学会划分句子成分，为理清句式奠基句子不清、理解不明，一见长难句就发懵，皆因句子成分没划清。
划分句子成分、拆分长难句是正确理解、应用复杂句式的必备手段，所以在学习句式之前，先给同学们补上欠缺的这一课。
句子有若干个组成部分，分别承担着不同的作用，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。
英语中的句子成分分为主语(Subject)、谓语(Predicate)、宾语(Object)、表语(Predicative)、定语(Attribute)、状语(Adverbial)、补语(Complement)和同位语(Appositive)。
一、主语——习惯于发号施令，偶尔也会被赶下台在句子中，主语是谓语所表示动作或状态的执行者。
主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。
但在某些特定的句式里，如：疑问句、倒装句、祈使句、感叹句等，句子主语也可以“下台”而位于谓语动词之后或省略。
能够充当主语的主要有名词(短语)、主格代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和从句等。
当主语为从句时，为避免头重脚轻，可用it作形式主语。
The patient's family have expressed their gratitude to the press in letters for the money raised.(名词作主语)Studying English is very important.(动名词短语作主语)It's obvious that he was wrong.(代词it充当形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语)二、谓语——坚决服从主语“领导”，执行命令雷厉风行谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或具有的特征，常位于主语之后。
谓语可由动词和动词短语、系表结构以及“助动词/情态动词＋实义动词”充当，有时态、语态和语气的变化，同时又受到主语人称和数的制约。
判断的依据是看主语和动词之间的关系，如果两者之间是主动关系就用主动语态，如果是被动关系就用被动语态。
选修8 Module 2 课下作业（一、二）课下作业（一）单元语基扎根练Ⅰ.单词拼写1．A skilled (熟练的) worker can perform the task easily.2．The noisy, busy life of the city has never appealed (吸引) to me.3．A dozen ideas were considered before the chief (首要的) architect decided on the design of the building.4．There is no doubt that online learning has drawbacks (不利因素) as well.5．My grandpa has a great passion (热爱) for classical music.6．The advertisement didn't have much effect (作用) on sales.7．Your support has always given me added inspiration and motivation (动机)．8．The loss (丢失) of her purse caused her much inconvenience.9．We use games to inspire (激励) children to read and write for pleasure.10．Lucy was awarded first prize for her superb (极好的) performance on the stage.Ⅱ.语境语法填空1．As a ❶gifted (gift) student, Li Mei participated in the provincial drawing contest ❷on behalf of our school.One of the ❸subjects (subject) showed in her work was ❹to_seek (seek) the beauty of farmers in rural areas.2．I get ❶tired (tire) of the abstract paintings.It's just ❷merely (mere) because they can't arouse my passion ❸for arts.What really ❹appeals (appeal) to me is that the ❺anecdotes (anecdote) of the artists, which, I think, motivate me to take ❻up writing as my ❼profession (professor) in the future.3．My uncle is an ❶official (office) in the government.He is busy visiting the mills ❷that produce presses.❸Basically (basic) speaking, he has no time to think about where ❹to_spend (spend) his holidays. So he has to leave his holidays ❺behind.Ⅲ.语境改错1．文中共有5处错误，每句中最多有两处，请找出并改正。
必修3 Module 4 课下作业（一、二）课下作业（一）单元语基扎根练Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Universities call all the students to learn to recycle (重新利用) all the waste paper.2．The weatherman has forecast (预报) that it will stay hot for another 5 days.3．Economic development is both consistent with and contradictory to environment (环境)．4．Cycling is an absolutely (绝对地) energy-saving means of transportation.5．By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process (进程)．6．In life and work, many of us have used emoticons to send positive atmosphere (气氛) or soften statements.7．There is convincing evidence (根据) that listening to loud music can do great harm to our hearing.8．He did nothing but complain (抱怨) to me about the food and the service of the restaurant.Ⅱ.语境语法填空1．It's generally agreed that trees do a lot of good to the environment. They take ❶in carbon dioxide and give ❷out oxygen.However, if we keep on ❸cutting (cut) down trees, disasters like sandstorms are likely to come one after ❹another.2．Nowadays the number of electric cars is rising rapidly, which has a bad effect ❶on/upon the road safety. Often we ❷are_caught (catch) in the traffic jam ❸as a result of electric car drivers not obeying traffic rules. And if we look ❹through newspapers, we can often see accidents caused by electric cars.3．Now more and more people have realised that air pollution affected their health and complained ❶of/about it. However, it is no use complaining. As far as I'm ❷concerned (concern), it is urgent to ❸strengthen (strength) people's awareness of the environmental protection.Ⅲ.语境改错文中共有5处错误，每句中最多有两处，请找出并改正。
第一编第一讲正确使用种基本句型如果一篇文章中有较多的语法错误，即使词汇再亮、句式再高，也只能是欲盖弥彰、难掩其丑，将直接被打入低分“冷宫”。
“欲想得高分，先保基本分”。
所以，我们先从写对句子学起。
第一讲正确使用种基本句型基本句型(一) 简约却不简单的“主谓”结构(一)主谓结构中谓语常用来表示主语的动作或状态。
这种句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
但不能接宾语，也没有被动语态。
常见的不及物动词有：, , , , , , , , , , , , , 等。
它的基本结构是：主语＋谓语(.)(＋状语)① .太阳在照耀着。
② .他经常在周末游泳。
③ .我写信向你表示感谢。
④ , .在这种环境下，师生们生活快乐，工作努力。
[应用体验] 翻译句子(主语＋不及物动词)①他从早到晚地努力工作。
.②接下来的几周，我们的友谊发展地很快。
.③本周五晚自习之后我们将于：在学生俱乐部集合。
''：．.④我们同意周末帮老人做一些家务活。
.⑤昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。
.(二)谓语动词也可以是不及物动词短语，如 (被提出), (用完), (勉强生存),(出版), (抛锚；出故障), (顺便拜访), (晕倒)等。
① .许多好的词汇学习方法在全球教育峰会上被提了出来。
② , .你现有的词汇勉强能用，但如果想要取得高分你还是要扩充词汇量。
③ .他做作业时，电脑突然坏掉了。
[注意]不及物动词或短语后不能接宾语，要特别注意英汉表达的差异。
他家昨晚发生了一场火灾。
① .(×)② .(√)[应用体验] 翻译句子(主语＋不及物动词短语)①自年以来成都发生了很大变化。
.②第二天，我们一早就出发了。
.③每当讨论英语学习方法时，他的名字总会被提到。
.④爱护环境很重要，因为地球的自然资源将会枯竭。
'.⑤实际上，在国外旅行时，人们凭借少许的当地用语便能勉强对付过去。
.[专题过关训练]翻译句子(“主语＋谓语”结构)．(·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这部英文短片将于下午点在学校大厅开始放映。
第三部分理清常用句式第一讲学会划分句子成分，为理清句式奠基句子不清、理解不明，一见长难句就发懵，皆因句子成分没划清。
划分句子成分、拆分长难句是正确理解、应用复杂句式的必备手段，所以在学习句式之前，先给同学们补上欠缺的这一课。
句子有若干个组成部分，分别承担着不同的作用，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。
英语中的句子成分分为主语(Subject)、谓语(Predicate)、宾语(Object)、表语(Predicative)、定语(Attribute)、状语(Adverbial)、补语(Complement)和同位语(Appositive)。
一、主语——习惯于发号施令，偶尔也会被赶下台在句子中，主语是谓语所表示动作或状态的执行者。
主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。
但在某些特定的句式里，如：疑问句、倒装句、祈使句、感叹句等，句子主语也可以“下台”而位于谓语动词之后或省略。
能够充当主语的主要有名词(短语)、主格代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和从句等。
当主语为从句时，为避免头重脚轻，可用it作形式主语。
The patient's family have expressed their gratitude to the press in letters for the money raised.(名词作主语)Studying English is very important.(动名词短语作主语)It's obvious that he was wrong.(代词it充当形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语)二、谓语——坚决服从主语“领导”，执行命令雷厉风行谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或具有的特征，常位于主语之后。
谓语可由动词和动词短语、系表结构以及“助动词/情态动词＋实义动词”充当，有时态、语态和语气的变化，同时又受到主语人称和数的制约。
判断的依据是看主语和动词之间的关系，如果两者之间是主动关系就用主动语态，如果是被动关系就用被动语态。
谓语的构成如下：1．简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
The sun rises in the east.2．复合谓语：(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成；(2)由连系动词加表语构成。
They must have finished their tasks.Mr Chen is my English teacher.三、宾语——一直受到压制，有时“翻身农奴把歌唱”宾语表示谓语动作、行为的对象，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面，受到主语的限制和制约。
宾语一般由名词(短语)、宾格代词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式或从句充当，根据需要也可用it作形式宾语。
宾语在被动结构中才会“翻身农奴把歌唱”。
1．双宾语(间接宾语＋直接宾语)Mr. Smith gave him a lot of valuable advice on how to improve his writing.(him 为间接宾语； advice为直接宾语)2．复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)Doctors often advise us to pay more attention to our diets and mental health and to take regular examinations.(us为宾语； to pay more attention ... examinations 为宾语补足语)四、表语——最会察言观色，就看“主子”脸色表语一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后，用以说明主语这个“主子”的身份、特征和状态，一般由名词、名词性代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句等充当。
The cultural background of China is totally different from that of the US.(形容词作表语)My suggestion is that we should start at once.(从句作表语)五、定语——鞍前马后搞服务，全心全意勤务兵修饰或限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句被称为定语。
定语服务于它所修饰或限定的名词或代词，可由形容词、数词、形容词性物主代词、介词短语、非谓语动词(短语)或定语从句等充当。
定语有前置和后置两种情况，如短语结构、从句等作定语时，常置于被修饰词之后。
The beautiful girl is her daughter. (形容词和形容词性物主代词作定语)The building being repaired is our library.(非谓语动词作后置定语)六、状语——行踪飘忽不定，却对动词“情有独钟”修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分叫作状语。
一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、程度、伴随等意义。
状语可由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、状语从句等充当。
状语在句子中的位置很灵活，所以说它“行踪飘忽不定”。
常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般放在时间状语之前；一些表示频度的副词(如often, almost 等)作状语通常位于be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后、实义动词之前。
高考中一般考查副词修饰动词的用法，故说它对动词“情有独钟”。
He did his homework carefully .(副词作状语)She goes out to do some shopping on Sunday .(介词短语作状语)Feeling tired, he went to bed without supper.(非谓语动词作状语)七、补语——始终寄人篱下，永远成不了主人补语也叫补足语，主要起补充说明的作用，最常见的是宾语补足语和主语补足语，所以说它寄人篱下，成不了“主人”。
补足语可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、分词、介词短语或从句充当。
I found myself in dark .(介词短语作宾语补足语)He always has others wait for him .(省略to 的不定式作宾语补足语)These things should be kept in the box .(介词短语作主语补足语)八、同位语——总是玩失踪，特殊场合还是“显露原形”对句子中的名词或代词作进一步解释、说明，与前面的名词或代词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。
英语句子表达中一般情况下是没有同位语的，所以说它爱玩失踪，如果要对前面的名词的具体内容作进一步的说明，这时候就需要同位语，可谓“显露原形”。
可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.We have two foreign teachers, a Canadian and an American .The news that our team has won the match is true.[专项能力检测]Ⅰ.划分下列简单句的句子成分并尝试翻译主语用____，谓语用 ，宾语用 ，定语用[ ]，状语用[ ]，补足语用[ ]，同位语用[ ]同位语1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the worldfamous cherry trees with be autiful flowers of Washington, D ．C.分析：This small group bike tour is a fantastic way[to see the worldfamous cherry trees with beautiful 定语flowers_of_Washington,_D ．C.]翻译：这种小团队自行车旅行是看华盛顿樱花的极佳方式，这些樱花之美享誉世界。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks.分析：Knowledgeable_guides will entertain you [with_themost interesting stories about Presidents ， Congress ，状语memorials,_and_parks]．翻译：知识渊博的导游会用一些关于总统、国会、纪念碑和公园的最有趣的故事来娱乐你们。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.分析：Comfortable_bikes_and_a_smooth_tour_route_(路线) make cycling[between the sites]定语[fun and relaxing].宾语补足语 翻译：舒适的自行车和平稳的旅行路线使得两地之间的自行车旅行有趣且令人放松。
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.分析：Frozen bananas will last [several weeks]状语， [depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer].状语 翻译：冷冻的香蕉可以保存数周，这取决于香蕉的成熟度和冰箱的温度。
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读C)He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors.分析：He asked the workers [to use traditional techniques]宾语补足语[to make the bricks into walls ， roofs and corridors].状语 翻译：他要求工人们使用传统的技术将砖砌成墙、做成屋顶、铺成走廊。
