供应链管理英文课件-第4章

Chapter 4Designing the Distribution Network in a Supply ChainTrue/False1. Distribution occurs between every pair of stages in the supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate2. Distribution only occurs between manufacturing and consumers in the supplychain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate3. Companies in the same industry often select very different distribution networks,because the choice of the distribution network can be used to achieve a varietyof supply chain objectives ranging from low cost to high responsiveness.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4. Companies in the same industry should always select similar distributionnetworks, because their objectives will be similar.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate5. A customer always wants the highest level of performance along all dimensionsof customer service, including response time, product variety, product availability, customer experience, order visibility, and returnability.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate6. A customer does not necessarily want the highest level of performance along alldimensions of customer service, including response time, product variety,product availability, customer experience, order visibility, and returnability.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy7. Outbound transportation costs per unit tend to be lower than inbound costs,because inbound lot sizes are typically larger.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy8. Outbound transportation costs per unit tend to be higher than inbound costs,because inbound lot sizes are typically larger.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy9. Transportation costs are high with drop-shipping because the average outbounddistance to the end consumer is large and package carriers are used to shipping the product.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy10. Transportation costs are low with drop-shipping because the average outbounddistance to the end consumer is small.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy11. The main advantage of in-transit merge over drop-shipping is the somewhatlower transportation cost and improved customer experience.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate12. The main advantage of a distribution network with local storage is that it canlower the delivery cost and provide a faster response than other networks.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate13. The main advantage of a distribution network with local storage is that it canlower the inventory and facility costs.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate14. The major disadvantage of a distribution network with local storage is theincreased delivery cost.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate15. The major disadvantage of a distribution network with local storage is theincreased inventory and facility costs.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy16. A distribution network designer needs to consider product characteristics as wellas network requirements when deciding on the appropriate delivery network.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard17. Only niche companies will end up using a single distribution network.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy18. Most companies are best served by a single distribution network.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate19. Distributors add value to a supply chain between a supply stage and a customerstage if there are many small players at the customer stage, each requiring asmall amount of the product at a time.Answer: TrueDifficulty: ModerateMultiple Choice1. The steps taken to move and store a product from the supplier stage to acustomer stage in the supply chain is referred to asa. transportation.b. retailing.c. wholesaling.d. distribution.e. manufacturing.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy2. Distribution is a key driver of the overall profitability of a firm becausea. the addition of distributors only adds cost to the supply chain.b. it directly impacts both the supply chain cost and the customer experience.c. it slows down the responsiveness of the supply chain.d. it cannot be developed as a part of supply chain strategy.e. Distribution is not a key driver of profitability.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate3. The choice of the distribution network can be used to achieve supply chainobjectives such asa. low cost.b. high responsiveness.c. high cost.d. high responsibility.e. a and b onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate4. Companies in the same industry often select very different distribution networksbecausea. some companies are poorly run.b. different companies try to avoid using the same approach.c. different companies have different objectives for their supply chain.d. all of the abovee. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate5. A poor/inappropriate distribution network cana. lead to high profitability.b. hurt the level of service customers receive while increasing cost.c. have a significant negative impact on the profitability of a firm.d. all of the abovee. b and c onlyAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate6. Which of the following would not be the result of a poor/inappropriate distributionnetwork?a. High profitabilityb. Low level of customer servicec. High costd. Poor profitabilitye. None of the above are true.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy7. On which dimensions should the performance of a distribution network beevaluated at the highest level?a. Profitability of individual supply chain componentsb. Efficiency of overall supply chain networkc. Customer needs that are metd. Cost of meeting customer needse. c and d onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Hard8. Which of the following are measures of customer service that are influenced bythe structure of the distribution network?a. Response timeb. Product varietyc. Product availabilityd. Customer experiencee. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy9. Which of the following are measures of customer service that are influenced bythe structure of the distribution network?a. Returnabilityb. Order visibilityc. Customer experienced. Product availabilitye. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate10. Which of the following is not a measure of customer service that is influenced bythe structure of the distribution network?a. Returnabilityb. Customer experiencec. Customer maturityd. Product availabilitye. All of the above are measures of customer service.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy11. The time between when a customer places an order and receives delivery isa. response time.b. product variety.c. product availability.d. customer experience.e. order visibility.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy12. The number of different products/configurations that a customer desires from thedistribution network isa. response time.b. product variety.c. product availability.d. customer experience.e. order visibility.Answer: bDifficulty: Easy13. The probability of having a product in stock when a customer order arrives isa. response time.b. product variety.c. product availability.d. customer experience.e. order visibility.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy14. The ease with which the customer can place and receive their order as well asother aspects of value that the sales staff provides isa. customer experience.b. order visibility.c. product availability.d. response time.e. returnability.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy15. The ability of the customer to track their order from placement to delivery isa. customer experience.b. order visibility.c. product availability.d. response time.e. returnability.Answer: bDifficulty: Easy16. The ease with which a customer can return unsatisfactory merchandise and theability of the network to handle such returns isa. customer experience.b. order visibility.c. product availability.d. response time.e. returnability.Answer: eDifficulty: Easy17. The costs incurred in bringing material into a facility area. sourcing transportation costs.b. outbound transportation costs.c. crossbound transportation costs.d. inbound transportation costs.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy18. The costs incurred in sending material out of a facility area. sourcing transportation costs.b. outbound transportation costs.c. crossbound transportation costs.d. inbound transportation costs.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy19. Outbound transportation costs per unit tend to bea. about the same as inbound costs.b. higher than inbound costs.c. lower than inbound costs.d. neither higher or lower than inbound costs.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate20. As the number of facilities in a supply chain increasesa. the inventory and resulting inventory costs also increase.b. the inventory and resulting inventory costs decrease.c. the inventory increases and resulting inventory costs decrease.d. the inventory decreases and resulting inventory costs increase.e. the inventory and resulting inventory costs remain the same.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate21. As the response time desired by the customer decreases, the required number offacilities in the distribution networka. decreases.b. remains the same.c. increases.d. increases and then decreases.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate22. As the number of facilities in a supply chain increases, total transportation costa. decreases.b. remains the same.c. increases.d. increases to a point and then decreases.e. decreases to a point and then increases.Answer: eDifficulty: Hard23. As the number of facilities in a supply chain increases, total facility costsa. decrease.b. remain the same.c. increase.d. increase to a point and then decrease.e. decrease to a point and then increase.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate24. Total logistics costs for a supply chain network are a sum ofa. inventory and facility costs.b. inventory, facility, and distributor costs.c. facility, transportation, and distributor costs.d. inventory, transportation, and facility costs.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate25. As the number of facilities in a supply chain network increases, total logisticscosts willa. decrease.b. decrease at first and then increase.c. increase.d. increase at first and then decrease.e. neither increase or decrease.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate26. Which of the following are key decisions in the design of a distribution network?a. Will product be delivered to the customer location or picked up from apre-ordained site?b. Will product flow through a production facility?c. Will product flow through an intermediary (or intermediate location)?d. all of the abovee. a and c onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate27. Which of the following is not a distinct distribution network design that may beused to move products from factory to customer?a. Manufacturer storage with direct shippingb. Manufacturer storage with distributor pickupc. Distributor storage with package carrier deliveryd. Distributor storage with last mile deliverye. Manufacturer/distributor storage with customer pickupAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate28. Which of the following is not a distinct distribution network design that may beused to move products from factory to customer?a. Manufacturer storage with direct shippingb. Manufacturer storage with direct shipping and in-transit mergec. Distributor storage with package carrier deliveryd. Distributor storage with manufacturer pickupe. Retail storage with customer pickupAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate29. In which distribution network design is product shipped directly from themanufacturer to the end customer, bypassing the retailer (who takes the orderand initiates the delivery request)?a. Manufacturer storage with direct shippingb. Manufacturer storage with direct shipping and in-transit mergec. Distributor storage with package carrier deliveryd. Distributor storage with last mile deliverye. Manufacturer/distributor storage with customer pickupAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy30. Which distribution network is also referred to as drop-shipping with productdelivered directly from the manufacturer to the customer location?a. Manufacturer storage with direct shippingb. Manufacturer storage with direct shipping and in-transit mergec. Distributor storage with package carrier deliveryd. Distributor storage with last mile deliverye. Manufacturer/distributor storage with customer pickupAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate31. Advantages of manufacturer storage with direct shipping includea. the ability to reduce cost of inventory by centralizing inventories at themanufacturer.b. offering the manufacturer the opportunity to postpone customization untilafter the customer order has been placed.c. supply chains save on the fixed cost of facilities, because the need forother warehousing space in the supply chain has been eliminated.d. providing a good customer experience in the form of delivery to thecustomer location.e. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate32. Which of the following is an advantage of manufacturer storage with directshipping?a. Transportation costs are low because the average outbound distance tothe end consumer is small and package carriers are used to shipping theproduct.b. Supply chains save on the fixed cost of facilities, because the need forother warehousing space in the supply chain has been eliminated.c. Response times tend to be small because the order has to be transmittedfrom the retailer to the manufacturer.d. Order tracking is easy to implement because of the complete integrationof information systems at both the retailer and the manufacturer.e. The handling of returns is likely to be simple and inexpensive, improvingcustomer satisfaction.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate33. Disadvantages of manufacturer storage with direct shipping includea. Transportation costs are high because the average outbound distance tothe end consumer is large and package carriers are used to shipping theproduct.b. Response times tend to be large because the order has to be transmittedfrom the retailer to the manufacturer and shipping distances are onaverage longer from the manufacturer’s centralized site.c. Order tracking becomes harder to implement because it requirescomplete integration of information systems at both the retailer and themanufacturer.d. The handling of returns is likely to be difficult and more expensive, hurtingcustomer satisfaction.e. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate34. Which of the following would be a disadvantage of manufacturer storage withdirect shipping?a. The ability to reduce cost of inventory by centralizing inventories at themanufacturer.b. The manufacturer has to postpone customization until after the customerorder has been placed.c. Supply chains have to eliminate other warehousing space to save on thefixed cost of facilities.d. Response times tend to be large because the order has to be transmittedfrom the retailer to the manufacturer and shipping distances are onaverage longer from the manufacturer’s centralized site.e. Provides a good customer experience when a single order containingproducts from several manufacturers is delivered in partial shipments.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate35. Which distribution network design is similar to pure drop-shipping, except thatpieces of the order coming from different locations are combined so that thecustomer gets a single delivery?a. Manufacturer storage with direct shippingb. Manufacturer storage with direct shipping and in-transit mergec. Distributor storage with package carrier deliveryd. Distributor storage with manufacturer pickupe. Retail storage with customer pickupAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate36. The main advantage of in-transit merge over drop-shipping isa. the ability to reduce cost of inventory by centralizing inventories at themanufacturer.b. supply chains save on the fixed cost of facilities, because the need forother warehousing space in the supply chain has been eliminated.c. somewhat lower transportation cost and improved customer experience.d. order tracking is easy to implement because of the complete integrationof information systems at both the retailer and the manufacturer.e. the handling of returns is likely to be simple and inexpensive, improvingcustomer satisfaction.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate37. The major disadvantage of in-transit merge compared to drop-shipping isa. transportation costs are high because the average outbound distance to theend consumer is large and package carriers are used to shipping the product.b. response times tend to be large because the order has to be transmitted fromthe retailer to the manufacturer and shipping distances are on average longerfrom the manufacturer’s centralized site.c. order tracking becomes harder to implement because it requires completeintegration of information systems at both the retailer and the manufacturer.d. the additional effort during the merge itself.e. the handling of returns is likely to be difficult and more expensive, hurtingcustomer satisfaction.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy38. Which distribution network design is being used when inventory is not held bymanufacturers at the factories, but is held by distributors/retailers in intermediate warehouses and package carriers are used to transport products from theintermediate location to the final customer?a. Manufacturer storage with direct shippingb. Manufacturer storage with direct shipping and in-transit mergec. Distributor storage with package carrier deliveryd. Distributor storage with manufacturer pickupe. Retail storage with customer pickupAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy39. Which of the following is an advantage of distributor storage with carrier delivery?a. Inventory cost is higher than with manufacturer storage.b. Product variety is lower than with manufacturer storage.c. Order visibility for the customer is easier than with manufacturer storage.d. Higher cost to provide the same level of product availability asmanufacturer storage.e. Cost of facilities and handling is somewhat higher than manufacturerstorage.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate40. Which of the following is a disadvantage of distributor storage with carrierdelivery?a. Information infrastructure is simpler than manufacturer storage.b. Response time is faster than with manufacturer storage.c. Returnability is easier than with manufacturer storage.d. Product variety is lower than with manufacturer storage.e. Transportation cost is lower than with manufacturer storage.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate41. Which distribution network design is being used when the distributor/retailerdelivers the product to the customer’s home instead of using a package carrier?a. Manufacturer storage with direct shippingb. Manufacturer/distributor storage with customer pickupc. Distributor storage with package carrier deliveryd. Distributor storage with last mile deliverye. Retail storage with customer pickupAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate42. Which of the following is an advantage of distributor storage with last miledelivery?a. More expensive to provide product availability than any other optionexcept retail stores.b. Inventory cost is higher than distributor storage with package carrierdelivery.c. Response time is very quick ranging from same day to next day delivery.d. Transportation cost is higher than any other distribution option.e. Returnability is harder and more expensive than a retail network.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy43. Which of the following is a disadvantage of distributor storage with last miledelivery?a. Transportation cost is higher than any other distribution option.b. Information cost is similar to distributor storage with package carrierdelivery.c. Customer experience is very good, particularly for bulky items.d. Returnability is easier to implement than other options.e. Order traceability is less of an issue and easier to implement thanmanufacturer storage or distributor storage with package carrier delivery.Answer: aDifficulty: Hard44. Which distribution network design is being used when inventory is stored at themanufacturer or distributor warehouse but customers place their orders online or on the phone and then come to designated pickup points to collect their orders?a. Manufacturer storage with direct shippingb. Manufacturer/distributor storage with customer pickupc. Distributor storage with package carrier deliveryd. Distributor storage with last mile deliverye. Retail storage with customer pickupAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate45. Which of the following is an advantage of manufacturer/distributor storage withcustomer pickup?a. Facility costs can be very high if new facilities have to be built.b. Transportation cost is lower than the use of package carriers, especially ifusing an existing delivery network.c. Order visibility is difficult but essential.d. Product variety is similar to other manufacturer or distributor storageoptions.e. Significant investment in information infrastructure required.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate46. Which of the following is a disadvantage of manufacturer/distributor storage withcustomer pickup?a. Customer experience is lower than other options because of the lack ofhome delivery.b. Response time is similar to package carrier delivery with manufacturer ordistributor storage.c. Returnability is somewhat easier given that pickup location can handlereturns.d. Product availability is similar to other manufacturer or distributor storageoptions.e. Facilities costs are lower if existing facilities are used.Answer: aDifficulty: Hard47. Which distribution network design is being used when inventory is stored locallyat retail stores and customers walk into the retail store or place an order online or on the phone and pick it up at the retail store?a. Manufacturer storage with direct shippingb. Manufacturer/distributor storage with customer pickupc. Distributor storage with package carrier deliveryd. Distributor storage with last mile deliverye. Retail storage with customer pickupAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy48. Which of the following is an advantage of retail storage with customer pickup?a. Inventory cost is higher than all other options.b. Transportation cost is lower than all other options.c. Facilities and handling costs are higher than other options.d. Product variety is lower than all other options.e. Product availability is more expensive to provide than all other options.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate49. Which of the following is a disadvantage of retail storage with customer pickup?a. Returnability is easier than other options given that pickup location canhandle returns.b. Inventory cost is higher than all other options.c. Transportation cost is lower than all other options.d. Facilities and handling costs are lower than other options.e. Product variety is higher than all other options.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate50. Distributors add value to a supply chain between a supply stage and a customerstagea. if there is a small number of customers requiring a large amount ofproduct.b. if there is a large number of customers requiring a large amount ofproduct.c. if there are many small players at the customer stage, each requiring asmall amount of the product at a time.d. if there are a few large players at the customer stage, each requiring alarge amount of the product at a time.e. Distributors do not add value to a supply chain.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate51. Improvement in supply chain performance at the result of distributors occurs forwhich of the following reasons?a. Reduction in transportation cost because of LTL shipments frommanufacturers to distributor.b. Reduction in outbound transportation cost because the distributorcombines products from many customers into a single outbound shipment.c. Reduction in inventory costs because distributor disaggregates safetyinventory rather than aggregating at each retailer.d. A more stable order stream from distributor to manufacturer (compared toerratic orders from each retailer) allows manufacturers to lower cost byplanning production more effectively.e. By carrying inventory closer to the point of sale, manufacturers are able toprovide a better response time than distributors can.Answer: dDifficulty: Hard52. Which of the following statements about distribution networks is true?a. The ownership structure of the distribution network can have as big animpact as the type of distribution network.b. The choice of a distribution network has very long-term consequences.c. The choice of an exclusive distribution strategy may be advantageous.d. All of the above are true.e. None of the above are true.Answer: dDifficulty: HardEssay/Problems1. Explain the measures of customer service that are influenced by the structure ofthe distribution network.Answer: Response time is the time between when a customer places an orderand receives delivery.Product variety is the number of different products/configurations that acustomer desires from the distribution network.Availability is the probability of having a product in stock when a customer order arrives.Customer experience includes the ease with which the customer can place and receive their order. It also includes purely experiential aspects, such as thepossibility of getting a cup of coffee and the value that the sales staff provides.Order visibility is the ability of the customer to track their order from placementto delivery.Returnability is the ease with which a customer can return unsatisfactorymerchandise and the ability of the network to handle such returns.Difficulty: Moderate2. Explain how the design of the distribution network affects the cost of the foursupply chain drivers.Answer: As the number of facilities in a supply chain increases, the inventory and resulting inventory costs also increase. To decrease inventory costs, firms try toconsolidate and limit the number of facilities in their supply chain network.Outbound transportation costs per unit tend to be higher than inbound costsbecause inbound lot sizes are typically larger. Increasing the number of。