17. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebearsprescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.18. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at oddsand split asunder.19. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the oceandepths and encourage the arts and commerce.20. I deposited her at the girls’dormitory, where she assured me that she had had aperfectly terrif evening, and I went glumly to my room.21. I hid my exasperation. “Polly, it’s a fallacy. The generalization is reached too hastily.There are too few instances to support such a conclusion.”22. She was not yet of pin-up proportions, but I felt sure that time would supply the lack.undermined an article of faith: the thingliness of things.25. Barring the catastrophe of nuclear war, it will continue to shape both modern cultureand the consciousness of those who inhabit that culture.26. The craftsman is thus able to learn from his work; and to use and develop hiscapacities and skills in its prosecution.27. Work has become alienated from the working person.28. Most investigations in the field of industrial psychology are concerned with thequestion of how the productivity of the individual worker can be increased, and how he can be made to work with less friction.29. But no; what most excites Europeans is the city’s charged, nervous atmosphere, itsvulgar dynamism.30. It is about constant battles for subway seats, for a cabdriver’s or a clerk’s or awaiter’s attention, fo r a foothold, a chance, a better address, a larger billing.III. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: In this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. TEXT AThirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling abo ut one’s fellow man?“Not so,” say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to probe the reasons why people didn’t act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency.Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk. Is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma from diabetes? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk?Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steampi pes”? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It’s not always easy to tell if you are faced witha real emergency.Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person won’t get the help he needs.The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to be “tested”. Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The receptionist started them o ff on the “tests”. Then she went into the next room. A curtain divided the “testing room” and the room into which she went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of file cabinets falling and a cry for help. All of this had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder.Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped.In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, needn’t. They do not feel any direct responsibility.Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes. Scientists found that the people were emotional. They sweated. They had trembling hands. They felt the other person’s trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.31. The purpose of this passage is___________.A. to explain why people fail to act in emergenciesB. to explain when people will act in emergenciesC. to explain what people will do in emergenciesD. to explain how people feel in emergencies32. Which of the following is NOT true?A. When a person tries to help others, he must be clear that there is a real emergency.B. When a person tries to help others, he should know whether they are worth hishelp.C. A person must take the full responsibility for the safety of those in emergencies ifhe wants to help.D. A person with a heart attack needs the most.33. The researchers have conducted an experiment to prove that people will act inemergencies when_______________.A. they are in pairsB. they are in groupsC. they are aloneD. they are with their friends34. The main reason why people fail to act when they stay together is that___________.A. they are afraid of emergenciesB. they are reluctant to get themselves involvedC. others will act if they themselves hesitateD. they do not have any direct responsibility for those who need help35. The author suggests that____________.A. we shouldn’t blame a person if he fails to act in emergenciesB. a person must feel guilty if he fails to helpC. people should be responsible for themselves in emergenciesD. when you are in trouble, people will help you anyway TEXT BTo Err Is Humanby Lewis ThomasEveryone must have had at least one personal experience with a computer error by this time. Bank balances are suddenly reported to have jumped from $379 into the millions, appeals for charitable contributions are mailed over and over to people with crazy sounding names at your address, department stores send the wrong bills, utility companies write that they’re turning everything off, that sort of thing. If you manage to get in touch with someone and complain, you then get instantaneously typed, guilty letters from the same computer, saying, “Our computer was in error, and an adjustment is being made in your account.”These are supposed to be the sheerest, blindest accidents. Mistakes are not believed to be the normal behavior of a good machine. If things go wrong, it must be a personal, human error, the result of fingering, tampering a button getting stuck, someone hitting the wrong key. The computer, at its normal best, is infallible.I wonder whether this can be true. After all, the whole point of computers is that they represent an extension of the human brain, vastly improved upon but nonetheless human, superhuman maybe. A good computer can think clearly and quickly enough to beat you at chess, and some of them have even been programmed to write obscure verse. They can do anything we can do, and more besides.It is not yet known whether a computer has its own consciousness, and it would be hard to find out about this. When you walk into one of those great halls now built for the huge machines, and standing listening, it is easy to imagine that the faint, distant noises are the sound of thinking, and the turning of the spools gives them the look of wild creatures rolling their eyes in the effort to concentrate, choking with information. But real thinking, and dreaming, are other matters. On the other hand, the evidence of something like an unconscious, equivalent to ours, are all around, in every mail. As extensions of the human brain, they have been constructed the same property of error, spontaneous, uncontrolled, and rich in possibilities.36. The title of the writing “To Err Is Human” implies that ____________.A. making mistakes is confined only to human beings.B. every human being cannot avoid making mistakes.C. all human beings are always making mistakes.D. every human being is born to make bad mistakes.37. The first paragraph implies that _____________.A. computer errors are so obvious that one can hardly prevent them from happening.B. a computer is so capable of making errors that none of them is avoidable.C. computers make such errors as miscalculation and inaccurate reporting.D. computers can’t think so their errors are natural and unavoidable.38. The author uses his hypothesis that “computers represent an extension of the human brain” in order to indicate that ____________.A. human beings are not infallible, nor are computers.B. computers are bound to make as many errors as human beings.C. errors made by computers can be avoided the same as human mistakes can beavoided.D. computers are made by human beings and so are their errors.39. The rhetoric the author employed in writing the third paragraph, especially thesentence “A good computer can think clearly and quickl y enough to beat you at chess...” is usually referred to in writing as ______________.A. simile.B. personification.C. hyperbole.D. metaphor.40. The author compared the faint and distant sound of the computer to the sound ofthinking and regarded it as the product of _____________.A. dreaming and thinking.B. some property of errors.C. consciousness.D. possibilities.TEXT CI cry easily. I once burst into tears when the curtain came down on the Kirov Ballet’s “Swan Lake”.I still choke up every time I see a film of Roger Bannister breaking the “impossible” four-minute mark for the mile. I figure I am moved by witnessing men and women at their best. But they need not be great men and women, doing great things.I remember the night, some years ago, when my wife and I were going to dinner ata friend’s house in New York city. It was sleeting. As we hurried toward the house, with its welcoming light, I noticed a car pulling out from the curb. Just ahead, another car was waiting to back into the parking space—a rare commodity in crowded Manhattan. But before he could do so another car came up from behind, and sneaked into the spot. That’s dirty pool, I thought.While my wife went ahead into our friend’s house, 1 stepped into the street to give the guilty driver a piece of my mind. A man in work clothes rolled down the window.“Hey,” I said, “this parking space belongs to that guy,” I gestured toward the man ahead, who was looking back angrily. I thought I was being a good Samaritan, I guess--and I remember that the moment I was feeling pretty manly in my new trench coat.“Mind your own business!” the driver told me.“No,” I said. “You don’t understand. That fellow was waiting to back into this space.”Things quickly heated up, until finally he leaped out of the car. My God, he was colossal. He grabbed me and bent me back over the hood of his car as if I was a rag doll. The sleet stung my face. I glanced at the other driver, looking for help, but he gunned his engine and hightailed it out of there.The huge man shook his rock of a fist of me, brushing my lip and cutting the inside of my mouth against my teeth. I tasted blood. I was terrified. He snarled and threatened, and then told me to beat it.Almost in a panic, I scrambled to my friend’s front door. As a former Marine, as a man, I felt utterly humiliated. Seeing that I was shaken, my wife and friends asked me what had happened. All I could bring myself to say was that I had had an argument about a parking space. They had the sensitivity to let it go at that.I sat stunned. Perhaps half an hour later, the doorbell rang. My blood ran cold. For some reason I was sure that the bruiser had returned for me. My hostess got up to answer it, but I stopped her. I felt morally bound to answer it myself.I walked down the hallway with dread. Yet 1 knew I had to face up to my fear. I opened the door. There he stood, towering. Behind him, the sleet came down harder than ever.“I came back to apologize,” he said in a low voice. “When I got home, I said to myself, ‘what right do I have to do that?’ I’m ashamed of myself. All I can tell you is that the Brooklyn Navy Yard is closing. I’ve worked there for years. And today I got laid off. I’m not myself. I hope you’ll accept my apology.”I often remember that big man. 1 think of the effort and courage it took for him to come back to apologize. He was man at last.And I remember that after I closed the door, my eyes blurred, as I stood in the hallway for a few moments alone.41. On what occasion is the author likely to be moved?A. A young person cheated of the best things in life.B. A genius athlete breaks a world record.C. A little girl suffers from an incurable disease.D. When the curtain comes down on a touching play.42. What does “dirty pool” a t the end of the second paragraph mean?A. Improper deed.B. Bribery.C. Unclean place.D. Dirty transaction.43. Why didn’t the writer’s wife and friends ask him what had really happened to him?A. They sensed that something terrible happened, th ey didn’t dare to ask.B. They were afraid that the writer might lose face if they asked.C. They’d like to let it be for it was not their business.D. They tried to calm the writer in this way.TEXT DIn a reaction against a too-rigid, over-refined classical curriculum, some educational philosophers have swung sharply to an espousal of “life experience” as the sole source of learning. Using their narrow interpretation of John Dewey’s theories as a base for support, they conclude that only through “doing”can learning take place. Spouting such phrases as “Teach the child, not the subject,” they demand, without sensing its absurdity, an end to rigorous study as a means of opening the way to learning. While not all adherents to this approach would totally eliminate a study of great books, the influence of this philosophy has been felt in the public school curricula, as evidenced by the gradual subordination of great literature.What is the purpose of literature? Why read, if life alone is to be our teacher? James Joyce states that the artist reveals the human situation by re-creating life out of life. Aristotle states that art presents universal truths because its form is taken from nature. Thus, consciously or otherwise, the great writer reveals the human situation most tellingly, extending our understanding of ourselves and our world.We can soar with the writer to the heights of man’s aspirations, or plummeting w ithhim to tragic despair. The works of Steinbeck, Anderson, and Salinger; the poetry of Whitman, Sandburg, and Frost; the plays of Ibsen, Miller, and O’Neill; all present starkly realistic portrayals of life’s problems. Reality? Yes! But how much wider is the understanding we gain than that attained by viewing life through the keyhole of our single existence.Can we measure the richness gained by the young reader venturing down the Mississippi with Tom and Huck, or cheering Ivanhoe as he battles the Black Knight; the deepening understanding of the mature reader of the tragic South of William Faulkner and Tennessee Williams, of the awesome determination and frailty of Patrick White’s Australian pioneers?This function of literature, the enlarging of our own life sphere, is of itself of major importance. Additionally, however, it has been suggested that solutions of social problems maybe suggested in the study of literature. The overweening ambitions of political leaders--and their sneering contempt for the law--did not appear for the first time in the writings of Bernstein and Woodward; the problems, and the consequent actions, of the guilt ridden did not await the appearance of the bearded psychoanalyst of the twentieth century.Federal Judge Learned Hand has written, “I venture to believe that it is as important to a judge called upon to pass on a question of constitutional law, to have at least a bowing acquaintance with Thucydides, Gibbon, and Carlyle, with Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, and Milton, with Montaigne and Rabelais, with Plato, Bacon, Hume, and Kant, as with the books which have been specifically written on the subject. For in such matters everything turns upon the spirit in which he approaches the questions before him.”But what of our dissenters? Can we overcome the disapproval of their “life experience classroom” theory of learning? We must s tart with the field of agreement--that education should serve to improve the individual and society. We must educate them to the understanding that the voice of human experience should stretch our human faculties, and open us to learning. We must convince them--in their own personal language perhaps--of the “togetherness” of life and art; we must prove to them that far from being separate, literature is that part of life which illuminates life.44. According to the passage, the end goal of great literature is ____________.A. the recounting of dramatic and exciting stories, and the creation of charactersB. to create anew a synthesis of life that illuminates the human conditionC. the teaching of morality and ethical behaviorD. to portray life’s problem45. In the author’s opinion, as seen in this passage, one outcome of the influence of the “life experience” adherents has been ______.A. the gradual subordination of the study of great literature in the schoolsB. a narrowed interpretation of the theories of John DeweyC. a sharp swing over to “learning through doing”D. an end to rigorous study as a way of learning46. As the author sees it, one of the most important gains from the study of great literature is _____________.A. enrichment of our understanding of the pastB. broadening of our approaches to social problemsC. that it gives us a bowing acquaintance with great figures of the pastD. that it provides us with vicarious experiences which provide a much broaderexperience than we can get from experiences of simply our own lives alone47. The author’s purpose in this passage is to ______.A. list those writers who make up the backbone of a great literature curriculumB. compare the young reader’s experience with literature to that of the maturereadersC. plead for the retention of great literature as a fundamental part of the curriculumD. advocate the adoption of the “life experience” approach to teachingTEXT EI will now teach, offering my way of life to whomsoever desires to commit suicide by the scheme which has enabled me to beat the doctor and the hangman for seventy years. Some of the details may sound untrue, but they are not. I am not here to deceive; I am here to teach.We have no permanent habits until we are forty. Then they begin to harden, presently they petrify, then business begins. Since forty I have been regular about going to bed and getting up and that is one of the main things. I have made it a rule to go to bed when I had to. This has resulted in an unswerving regularity of irregularity. It has saved me sound, but it would injure another person.In the matter of diet—which is another main thing—I have been persistently strict in sticking to the things which didn’t agree with me until one or the other of us got the best of it. Until lately I got the best of it myself. But last spring I stopped frolicking with mince pie after midnight, up to then I had always believed I wasn’t loaded. For thirty years I have taken coffee and bread at eight in the morning, and no bite nor sup until seven-thirty in the evening. Eleven hours. That is all right for me, and is wholesome, because I have never had a headache in my life, but headachy people would not reach seventy comfortably by that road, and they would be foolish to try it. And I wish to urge upon you this—which I think is wisdom—that if you find you can’t make seventy by any but an uncomfortable road, don’t you go. When they take off the Pullman and retire you to the rancid smoker, put on your things, count your checks and get out at the first way station where there’s a cemetery.I have made it a rule never to smoke more than one cigar at a time. I have no other restriction as regards smoking. I do not know just when I began to smoke; I only know that it was in my father’s lifetime, and that I was discreet. He passed from his life early in 1847, when I was a shade past eleven; ever since then I have smoked publicly. As an example to others, and not that I care for moderation myself, it has always been my rule never to smoke when asleep, and never to refrain when awake. It is a good rule, I mean, for me; but some of you know quite well that it wouldn’t answer for everybody that’s trying to get to be seventy.I smoke in bed until I have to go to sleep; I wake up in the night, sometimes once, sometimes twice, sometimes three times, and I never waste any of these opportunities to smoke. This habit is so old and dear and precious to me that I would feel as you, sir,would feel if you should lose the only moral you’ve got--meaning the chairman--if you’ve got one; I am making no charges. I will grant, here, that I have stopped smoking now and then, for a few months at a time, but it was not on principle, it was only to show off; it was to pulverize those critics who said I was a slave to my habits and couldn’t break my bonds.48. The best title for this passage would be__________.A. How to Get to SeventyB. How to Tell a Funny StoryC. Smoking and AgingD. My Funny Life49. In Para. 4, the author portrays himself as__________.A. a heavy smokerB. an austere personC. a rule followerD. a forgetful person50. Although the author says “I am here to teach,” his purpose is really____________.A. to deceiveB. to jokeC. to persuadeD. to smokeIV. Proofreading & Error Correction (10%)Proofread and correct the given passage on ANSWER SHEET as instructed.V. EC Translation (10%)Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.On any person who desires such queer prizes, New York will bestow the gift of loneliness and the gift of privacy. It is this largess that accounts for the presence within the city’s walls of a considerable section of the population; for the residents of Manhattan are to a large extent strangers who have pulled up stakes somewhere and come to town, seeking sanctuary of fulfillment or some greater or lesser grail. The capacity to make such dubious gifts is a mysterious quality of New York. It can destroy an individual, or it can fulfill him, depending a good deal on luck. No one should come to New York to live unless he is willing to be lucky.VI. CE Translation (10%)Directions: Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.大多数英国酒吧都没有酒保，你得到吧台去买酒。
