当前位置：文档之家 › The method study of the virtual roaming based on 3ds max and virtools1

The method study of the virtual roaming based on 3ds max and virtools1

  • 格式：pdf
  • 大小：408.37 KB
  • 文档页数：4

The method study of the virtual roaming based on3ds max and virtoolsLu YouWuhan University City Urban design collegeChinaWuhan430072e-mail:okita0119@Han XuWuhan University City Urban design collegeChinaWuhan430072e-mail:kahn1969@[Abstract]This article has designed a hypothesized outdoor landscape roaming based on3dsmax and virtools hypothesized landscape roaming method study specifically.It has simultaneously pointed out the modeling and bestows on the material quality,foundation the light the matters needing attention when3ds max as well as when these two software Intermediate-range enters,derives the method and the skill, finally introduced how to realize hypothesized landscape roaming in virtools.[K ey word]modeling;virtual;roamI.INTRODUCTIONThe virtual reality(VR)translated from English comes after the1960s when high technology and new technology emerged,is also called the virtual environment technology or the imaginary real technology.The virtual reality is met synthesis each kind of technology,involves many domains,may creates one in the computer and the network to be possible to let the hypothesized scene which the human experiences personally,confuses falsehood with the truth.His same tradition's model as well as the three dimensional animation are dissimilar,also not static also is not only the multimedia pictures,but is one which has gathered man-machine interaction,behavior control,artificial intelligence, computer simulation technology,scene control and so on technical the complex compounds,was one kind which has the broad prospects and the rapidly expand computer simulation system.[1] Hypothesized landscape roaming is one of virtual reality main application domains,in which landscape refers to the objective existence the realistic scene but also the building which not finishes,or is fictionalizes completely.Therefore its application prospect is widespread,may be used in professions and so on plot plan,urban planning,hypothesized campus,uses the different angle of view to carefully examine the scene landscape,brings out the ordinary immersion to the immersion,interactivity and imagination.This article will design a completely hypothesized scene landscape roaming based on3ds max and virtools,and will realize the process specifically.II.3DS MAX AND V IRTOOLS SOFTWAREO VERVIEWAutodesk3ds max is a PC-based system developed by three-dimensional rendering and animation production software,which is widely used in advertising,film and television, industrial design,architectural design, multimedia production,games,visualization assisted teaching and engineering fields.The Virtools is developed by the company Dassault of France,specifically for the development of a three-dimensional virtual interactive design software.Virtools software mainly includes three parts:the development ofmodules,generation module and distribution modules.Development modules include authoring applications and software development kits.Generation module includes the behavior engine and rendering engine.Behavior of the engine used to process the object of conduct and related parameters.Rendering engine for effects on the behavior of the3D object rendering.And distribution modules include generators EXE files released and WEB player. EXE file generator for generating the final run in stand-alone EXE file that documents the virtual interaction.Players can build Web-based B/S mode network virtual file,the user can body through the IE browser's online virtual interactive file browsing and experience.III.T HE SCENE MODEL RELATEDPROCESSING IN3DS MAX3.1Model processingThe hypothesized scene's modeling needs to follow two principles,first is as far as possible few use surfaces,second is the merge secondary object into a whole,and reduces the model by the output.Therefore before establishment roaming hypothesized scene,it is necessary to analyze the blueprint,to have the whole understanding to the entire scene's spatial ing the tools provided by3ds max for draw point,line, surface,body,and started by a certain direction to the model foundation.For the base model can be created directly in the standard or extended geometry,more complex models can be two-dimensional graphics drawing through AutoCAD and then import into3ds max using stretching techniques to convert it into a three-dimensional model,then use the loft,Boolean operators and other methods to adjust.Should pay attention to create the model at a time when the proportion of size,in3ds max modeling,generally the units set to1Unit=1Meter,so come to work with Virtools in units to match the default model.And also to note that the premise of ensuring accurate form, the model's face a few little as possible in order to avoid unreasonable topology caused by the movement of objects when the form of distortion.Figure1Flow chart3.2The materials and textures techniquesModel material for the virtual scene roaming is very important because it is directly related to scene and image quality.If necessary,you can also draw your own picture by photoshop software.It will give their model of good material to meet the"simulation"results.At the same time, giving texture mapping method can also be produced in a scene of trees and sky.However,a number of materials and textures after leading-in virtools from3ds max model can not be displayed properly,or the model with materials and textures are displayed as black in virtools,which requires the material settings in3dsmax(Material Set up) in the self-luminous(Emissive)tone is white,this model will display the correct texture.3.3The erection of lightsWe strive to make the scene realistic in the virtual environment,so need more consideration of the method of drying lining in the scene,and reasonable use of light is a very good way for that. Scene in the open sun light can be used(main source)and the clouds which reflect light (secondary sources)to create an outdoor lighting effect.[2]In this virtual outdoor scenes,you can first create the target spotlight the main lightsource,and then copy to create the number of lights lighting the way as an auxiliary light source, to use this light arrays method to simulate the distribution of light global illumination system,so that to avoid only existence of the subject with acceptance of the light of the surface and backlight,without the shadow and reflection.3.43dsmax model of interaction with the virtoolsFor the default used by virtools to store character,setting and object file and other information format normally as.Nmo,so leading-in a building model file from the3ds max scene into virtools,the need to3ds Max Exporter plug-in installed,and it can be created in3ds max model,and texturing the scene files into virtools. During the export process to note is required in virtools export panel,select"Export as Objects", this is not the scene as a Character to use,nor does the skeletal animation.So it can not be Export to the role or animation.[3]Figure2The creation of the virtual scene by3dmaxIV.V IRTOOLS ROAMS FUNCTIONREALIZATION4.1Scheme to deal with the Problems existedin cameraThis article will focus on the virtual roamingoutdoor scenes role model by giving the thirdperson camera to complete.But exists in theroaming a common problem,that is,to movefreely in the scene will pass through any obstacles.Hence the need for and role models for the scenesset in the basic collision"Object Slider".Toprevent the same three-dimensional solid objectsin the specified group through to achieve the roleand the scene of the collision.4.2The function of the realizationIn Virtools may edits the interactive attributebetween the object through the visualization andthe interactive flow chart operating mode,butalternative write program code,and this is thedifference between virtools software and otherhypothesized interactive software.BB ModuleAffectUnlimitedControllerWaiting for the mouse messages togive directions.Send Message Click the mouse in a different order,triggering a different instruction.Keyboard Mapper According to trigger the Input,Output generated the corresponding.Object Slider Within the specified time,the use oftwo-dimensional Bézier curve,control the process door open time.Figure3Module selection listFigure4Third-person camera script4.3Making a small mapIn the virtools work,you may connect theprocedure with Google Earth,the input latitudeand longitude then adjustable needs map[4].Inthis hypothesized outdoor roaming design,whatuses is the independent two-dimensional framesmall map,through the vertical camera whichregards by“the grade separation projection”(Orthographic)the way gives“Set Position”behavior module to establish the threedimensional entity the position,demonstrates therole by this in the coordinate in the entire sceneposition.What must pay attention is manufactureswhen the small map needs to cancel chooses in Setup kneading board's the HomogeneousCoordinates option,enables the foundation small map's 2D Frame along with the demonstration picture size changeautomatically.Figure 5Roaming the small map4.4Sound with the mouse and keyboard interactionIn virtools in various sound and movement formats can be integrated into the interactive process,in order to reach the scene more realistic effects.In the scene we can drag on the acts module “Animation Synchronizer”come to the interactive control role’s Script for synchronized to send a specific sound in action during the course of the role of the time.Similarly,the use of virtools script editing keyboard or mouse can also be achieved with virtools interaction.Between programs can be the scene of some movable objects,as shown in Figure 5the scene of the gates can be achieved through the control of the mouse switch to achieve their human interaction between the fact of acceptance by waiting for Message,to allow the user to mouse click to start the output of this particular message,and then through the 2D Bezier Curve to achieve a given time the implementation of the action.When setting the initial position of the model is completed,click the play button,in the scene to complete the test program status.Move people to the scene in frontof the doors,iron mouse clicks,the gates will be slow toopen.Figure 6Process of mouse to open the commandⅤ.E PILOGUEToday,the hypothesized scene's roaming technology makes an emerging industrial vigorous progress,it becomes a comprehensive discipline also along with computer's development,and more and more seepages each kind of domains,has simulated clearly for the people,has had the immersion feeling the hypothesized world,also created the brand-new interactive experience.And Virtools also makes a three dimensional hypothesized three-dimensional detection mode for the design.The designer and the customer may after the design proposal completes,through roams in the hypothesized scene,the test experience's complete picture,discover deficiency,observe the feeling scene from the three dimensional three-dimensional angle the plan layout and so on.And through the hypothesized experience's process,we can stimulate designer's design inspiration and the development vigor.Reference documentation ：[1]Liu Yi,Zhang determined Cui Yan.Virtual Reality VRML programming,Nankai University Press,January 2007J.[2]Fu Zhiyong,Gao Ming.D Game Design,Tsinghua University Press,October 2008[3]Wang Liqun,QUANTITATIVE.The planning and design of computer games -Virtools Concise Guide,Fudan University Press,December 2008[4]Luojian Qin,Zhang.Animation interactive roaming animation,China Science and Technology Press,July 2010。

合集下载

外文文献—虚拟现实

外文文献—虚拟现实

VIRTUAL REALITYJae-Jin Kim Chapter 4Virtual Reality to Simulate Visual Tasks forRobotic Systems4.1IntroductionVirtual reality (VR) can be used as a tool to analyze the interactions between the visual system of a robotic agent and the environment, with the aim of designing the algorithms to solve the visual tasks necessary to properly behave into the 3D world. The novelty of our approach lies in the use of the VR as a tool to simulate the behavior of vision systems. The visual system of a robot (e.g., an autonomous vehicle, an active vision system, or a driving assistance system) and its interplay with the environment can be modeled through the geometrical relationships between the virtual stereo cameras and the virtual 3D world. Differently from conventional applications, where VR is used for the perceptual rendering of the visual information to a human observer, in the proposed approach, a virtual world is rendered to simulate the actual projections on the cameras of a robotic system. In this way, machine vision algorithms can be quantitatively validated by using the ground truth data provided by the knowledge of both the structure of the environment and the vision system.In computer vision (Trucco & Verri, 1998; Forsyth & Ponce, 2002), in particular for motion analysis and depth reconstruction, it is important to quantitatively assess the progress in the field, but too often the researchers reported only qualitative results on the performance of their algorithms due to the lack of calibrated image database. To overcome this problem, recent works in the literature describe test beds for a quantitative evaluation of the vision algorithms by providing both sequences of images and ground truth disparity and optic flowmaps (Scharstein & Szeliski, 2002; Baker et al., 2007). A different approach is to generate image sequences and stereo pairs by using a database of range images collected by a laser range-finder (Yang & Purves, 2003; Liu et al., 2008).In general, the major drawback of the calibrated data sets is the lack of interactivity: it is not possible to change the scene and the camera point of view. In order to face the limits of these approaches, several authors proposed robot simulators equipped with visual sensors and capable to act in virtual environments. Nevertheless, such software tools are capable of accurately simulating the physics of robots, rather than their visual systems. In many works, the stereo vision is intended for future developments (Jørgensen & Petersen, 2008; Awaad et al., 2008), whereas other robot simulators in the literature have a binocular vision system (Okada et al., 2002; Ulusoy et al., 2004), but they work on stereo image pairs where parallel axis cameras are used. More recently, a commercial application (Michel, 2004) and an open source project for cognitive robotics research (Tikhanoff et al., 2008) have been developed both capable to fixate a target, nevertheless the ground truth data are not provided.4.2 The visual system simulatorFigure 4.1a-b shows the real-world images gathered by a binocular robotic head, for different stereo configurations: the visual axes of the cameras are k ept parallel (Figure 4.1a) and convergentfor fixating an object in the scene (the small tin, see Figure 4.1b). It is worth noting that both horizontal and vertical disparities have quite large values in the periphery, while disparities are zero in the fixat ion point. Analogously, if we look at the motion field generated by an agent moving in the environment (see Figure 4.1c), where both still and moving objects are present the resulting optic flow is composed both by ego-motion components, due to motion of the observer, and by the independent movements of the objects in the scene.（a）（b）（c）Figure 4.1 Binocular snapshots obtained by real-world vision systems. (a)-(b): The stereo image pairs are acquired by a binocular active vision system (http://www.searise.eu/) for different stereo configurations: the visual axes of the cameras are (a) kept parallel, (b) convergent for fixating an object in the scene (the small tin). The anaglyphs are obtained with the left image on the red channel and the right image on the green and blue channels. The interocular distance is 30 cm and the camera resolution is 1392 × 1236 pixels with a focal length of 7.3 mm. The distance between the cameras and the objects is between 4 m and 6 m. It is worth noting that both horizontal and vertical dispariti es are present. (c): Optic flow superimposed on a snapshot of the relative image sequence, obtained by a car, equipped with a pair of stereo cameras with parallel visual axes , moving in a complex real environment. The resolution of the cameras is 1392 × 1040 pixels with a focal length of 6.5mm, and the baseline is 33 cm (http://pspc.dibe.unige.it/drivsco/). Different situations are represented: ego-motion (due to the motion of the car) and a translating independent movement of a pedestrian (only the left frame is shown).The aim of the work described in this chapter is to simulate the active vision system of a robot acting and moving in an environment rather than the mechanical movements of the robot itself. In particular, we aim to precisely simulate the movements (e.g. vergence and version) of the two cameras and of the robot in order to provide the binocular views and the related ground truth data (horizontal and vertical disparities and binocular motion filed ). Thus, our VR tool can be used for two different purposes (see Figure 4.2):1. to obtain binocular image sequences with related ground truth, to quantitatively assess the performances of computer vision algorithms;2. to simulate the closed loop interaction between visual perception and action of the robot.The binocular image sequences provided by the VR engine could be processed by computer vision algorithms in order to obtain the visual features necessary to the control strategy of the robot movements. These control signals act as an input to the VR engine, thus simulating the robot movements in the virtual environment, then the updated binocular views are obtained. In the following, a detailed description of the model of a robotic visual system is presented.Figure 4.2 The proposed active vision system simulator. Mutual interactions between a robot and the environment can be emulated to validate the visual processing modules in a closed perception-action loop and to obtain calibrated ground truth data.4.2.1 Tridimensional environmentThe 3D scene is described by using the VRML format. Together with its successor X3D, VRML has been accepted as an international standard for specifying vertices and edges for 3D polygons, along with the surface color, UV mapped textures, shininess and transparency. Though a large number of VRML models are available, e.g. on the web, they usually have not photorealistic textures and they are often characterized by simple 3D structures. To overcome this problem, a dataset of 3D scenes, acquired in controlled but cluttered laboratory conditions, has been created by using a scanner laser. The results presented in Section 6 are obtained by using the dataset obtained in our laboratory.It is worth noting that the complex 3D VRML models can be easily replaced by simple geomet ric figures (cubes, cones, planes) with or without textures at any time, in order to use the simulator as an agile testing platform for the development of complex computer vision algorithms.4.2.2 RenderingThe scene is rendered in an on-screen OpenGL context (see Section 5 for details). Moreover, the SoOffScreenRenderer class is used for rendering scenes in off-screen buffers and to save to disk the sequence of stereo pairs. The renderer can produce stereo images of different resolution and acquired by cameras with different filed of views. In particular, one can set the following parameters :(1)resolution of the cameras (the maximum possible resolution depends on the resolution ofthe textures and on the number of points of the 3D model);(2)horizontal and verti cal field of view (HFOV and VFOV, respectively);(3)distance from camera position to the near clipping plane in the camera’s view volume,also referred to as a viewing frustum, (nearDistance);(4)distance from camera position to the far clipping plane in the came ra’s view volume(farDistance);(5)distance from camera position to the point of focus (focalDistance).4.2.3 Binocular head and eye movementsThe visual system, presented in this Section, is able to generate the sequence of stereo imagepairs of a binocular head moving in the 3D space and fixating a 3D point (X F, Y F, Z F).The geometry of the system and the parameters that can be set are shown in Figure 4.3.Figure 4.3 Schematic representation of the geometry of the binocular active vision system.The head is characterized by the following parameters (each expressed with respect to the world reference frame (X W, Y W, Z W)) :(1)cyclopic position C =(X C, Y C, Z C);(2)nose orientation;(3)fixation point F =(X F, Y F ,Z F ).Once the initial position of the head is fixed, then dif ferent behaviours are possible:(1)to move the eyes by keeping the head (position and orientation) fixed;(2)to change the orientation of the head, thus mimicking the movements of the neck;(3)to change both the orientation and the position of the head, thus generating more complexmotion patterns.These situations imply the study of different perceptual problems, from scene exploration to navigation with ego-motion. Thus, in the following (see Section 6), we will present the results obtained in different situations. For the sake of clarity and simplicity, in the following we will consider the position C = (X C,Y C,Z C) and the orientation of the head fixed, thus only the ocular movements will be considered. In Section 3.3.1 different stereo systems will be described (e.g. pan-tilt, tilt-pan, etc.), the simulator can switch through all these different behaviours. The results presented in the following consider a situation in which the eyes can rotate around an arbitrary axis, chosen in order to obtain the minimum rotation to make the ocular axis rotate from the initial position to the target position (see Section 3.3.1).第二部分中文译文虚拟现实Jae-Jin Kim 第四章虚拟现实机器人的模拟视觉任务4.1引言虚拟现实(VR)可以作为一种工具，用来分析机器人代理的视觉系统和环境之间的相互作用，意在设计算法来解决3D世界中必要的正确行为的视觉任务。

如何看待虚拟博物馆的英语作文

如何看待虚拟博物馆的英语作文

如何看待虚拟博物馆的英语作文The Emergence and Impact of Virtual Museums.In the ever-evolving digital landscape, the emergence of virtual museums has transformed the way we engage with art, history, and culture. As the world progresses towards greater digitization, the traditional museum experience is undergoing a paradigm shift, merging the physical and virtual worlds to create immersive and accessible learning environments.Firstly, it is crucial to understand the concept of a virtual museum. A virtual museum is a digital representation of a physical museum, often utilizing advanced technologies such as 3D modeling, augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR) to replicate or enhance the visitor's experience. It allows users to explore exhibits, learn about artifacts, and engage with historical narratives in a manner that transcends geographical boundaries and physical limitations.One of the most significant advantages of virtual museums is their accessibility. In a traditional museum, visitors are often constrained by factors such as location, opening hours, and physical accessibility. However, with a virtual museum, anyone with an internet connection can access the exhibits at any time, from anywhere in the world. This not only widens the audience but also ensures that people with disabilities or those in remote areas can enjoy the same learning opportunities as those who can physically visit a museum.Moreover, virtual museums offer a level ofinteractivity that traditional museums often lack. Through the use of AR and VR technologies, visitors can engage with exhibits in a more immersive and interactive manner. They can zoom in on artifacts, rotate them 360 degrees, and even "walk" through historical scenes. This enhancedinteractivity not only makes the experience more engaging but also allows for a deeper understanding of the subject matter.Another crucial aspect of virtual museums is their ability to preserve and share cultural heritage. Many artifacts and historical sites are fragile and cannot.。

虚拟现实技术在高校图书馆的应用

虚拟现实技术在高校图书馆的应用

虚拟现实技术在高校图书馆的应用李㊀倩1,任金波2(1.南京林业大学图书馆,210037;2.南京林业大学网络安全和信息化办公室,210037)摘㊀要:虚拟现实技术是一种利用计算机技术创建仿真三维虚拟环境的新兴技术,因其能够提供丰富的虚拟体验㊁助力智慧图书馆建设,其在图书馆的应用逐渐受到关注㊂文章以虚拟现实技术在高校图书馆的应用案例为研究对象,对国内外高校图书馆使用虚拟现实技术的情况进行了调研,对虚拟现实技术在高校图书馆的应用场景进行了分析,并探讨了虚拟现实技术在高校图书馆应用中存在的问题以及高校图书馆拓展虚拟现实技术服务的应对策略,以期对高校图书馆使用虚拟现实技术丰富服务内容㊁提升服务质量提供借鉴㊂关键词:虚拟现实;高校图书馆;智慧图书馆;图书馆服务引用本文格式:李倩,任金波.虚拟现实技术在高校图书馆的应用[J].大学图书情报学刊,2024(1):34-39.Research on the Application Status ofVirtual Reality Technology in University LibrariesLI Qian 1,REN Jin-bo 2(1.Library of Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing㊀210037,China;work Security and Information Office of Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing㊀210037,China)Abstract :Virtual reality technology is an emerging technology that uses computer technology to create a simulatedthree-dimensional virtual environment.Because it can provide a rich virtual experience and help the construction of smartlibraries,its application in libraries has gradually attracted attention.This paper takes the application case of virtualreality technology in university libraries as the research object,investigates the use of virtual reality technology inuniversity libraries at home and abroad,analyzes the application scenarios of virtual reality technology in university libraries,and discusses the problems existing in the application of virtual reality technology in university libraries and the countermeasures for university libraries to expand virtual reality technology services,in order to provide reference foruniversity libraries to use virtual reality technology to enrich service content and improve service quality.Key words :virtual reality;university library;smart library;library service0㊀引言虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,VR)技术被认为是当代计算机领域最为重要的研究方向之一,它与互联网㊁多媒体技术被誉为21世纪的三大关键技术,对技术发展和社会进步都有着深远影响㊂虚拟现实是一种集成了计算机图形学㊁计算机视觉㊁人机交互㊁仿真学㊁数据可视化㊁认知心理学等多学科领域的综合技术㊂它通过头戴式显示器㊁手柄㊁传感器等设备,将用户的视觉㊁听觉㊁触觉等感官输入与虚拟环境相结合,创建出一种类似于真实环境的数字体验,可以让用户身临其境,感受到身体在虚拟环境中移动,与虚拟世界进行互动㊂国务院办公厅2016年4月发布的‘关于加快虚拟现实产业发展的指导意见“指出,加快虚拟现实产业的发展是提升国家信息化水平和实现信息化与工业化深度融合的必然要求㊂同年12月,国家发改委和工信部发布的‘ 十三五 国家信息化规划“指出,要推动虚拟现实技术在教育㊁医疗㊁文化等领域的应用,提升社会服务和公共管理水平㊂这些都表明国家高度重视虚拟现实技术的发展,并通过政策支持㊁标准制定㊁基金项目:江苏省现代教育技术研究2021年度智慧校园专项课题 虚拟现实技术赋能高等教育教学的实践研究 (2021-R -96746);2021年江苏高校哲学社会科学研究项目 民国时期馆藏林业特色文献专题数据库建设研究 (2021SJA0129)2024年1月第42卷第1期㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀大学图书情报学刊Journal of Academic Library and Information Science㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀Jan ,2024Vol.42No.1创新研发等多种手段促进其在各领域的应用和发展㊂当前,虚拟现实技术已经广泛应用于军事㊁航天㊁医疗㊁教育㊁建筑和房地产㊁娱乐等多个领域㊂高校图书馆是大学的知识资源中心,为师生提供了知识获取和学习交流的场所,也是文化传承的重要载体㊂随着信息技术的不断发展,作为高校学术文化传承和科研支撑的重要场所,高校图书馆应当高度重视虚拟现实技术,积极将其应用到 数字化㊁智能化㊁服务化 的智慧图书馆建设中,为读者提供全方位㊁个性化㊁便捷高效的服务㊂1㊀虚拟现实技术在高校图书馆的应用现状1965年,计算机图形学的奠基者美国科学家Ivan Sutherland博士在国际信息处理联合会大会提出了感觉真实㊁交互真实的人机协作新理论,为虚拟现实技术奠定了基础㊂20世纪80年代,虚拟现实技术的基本概念开始形成,基于此前美国军事和航空领域有关虚拟现实技术的研究成果,美国VPL公司创始人Jaron Lanier正式提出了 Virtual Reality 一词㊂进入20世纪90年代,迅速发展的计算机硬件技术与不断改进的计算机软件系统极大地推动了虚拟现实技术的发展,虚拟现实技术引起了人们的广泛关注㊂进入21世纪,随着计算机技术和传感器技术的快速发展,虚拟现实技术得到了进一步发展和应用㊂2012年,Oculus公司推出了第一款虚拟现实头戴式显示器,标志着虚拟现实技术进入了新的阶段㊂随后,Facebook收购了Oculus公司,进一步推动了虚拟现实技术的发展㊂现在,虚拟现实技术已经应用于游戏㊁娱乐㊁医疗㊁军事㊁教育等多个领域,并取得了显著成果㊂一些知名学者认为虚拟现实技术是建设智慧图书馆的重要技术手段[1-3],一些高校图书馆开始尝试将虚拟现实技术应用于图书馆的建设和服务中[4]㊂1.1㊀虚拟现实技术在国外高校图书馆的应用情况作为虚拟现实技术的起源地,美国很多大学图书馆都使用了虚拟现实技术,有研究表明[5],ARL (Association of Research Libraries,美国研究图书馆协会)的123个成员馆中有49个研究图书馆提供虚拟现实服务㊂哈佛大学卡博特图书馆(Cabot Science Library)互联网使用虚拟现实技术为学生和教职员工提供了一个虚拟现实的学习和交流平台,平台采用HTC VIVE头戴式显示器和手柄控制器作为用户的虚拟现实设备,使用Unity引擎进行开发㊂在虚拟空间中,用户可以与各种科学实验㊁设备㊁模型和数据进行互动,并通过可视化效果更好地了解这些内容㊂此外,卡博特图书馆创建了虚拟工作室,在虚拟工作室中,用户可以使用各种工具和软件来创建和设计自己的科学和技术项目,如使用CAD软件设计自己的机器人,或者使用化学模拟软件模拟化学反应㊂麻省理工学院罗奇图书馆(Rotch Library)的GIS和数据实验室(GIS&Data Lab)配备了专业级别的VR设备和软件,帮助用户创建交互式的虚拟现实体验㊂用户可以使用这些资源来创建3D模型和场景,并将其用于各种领域的研究和教育,如地理空间数据可视化通过实验室的VR内容与GIS系统结合,将地理空间数据以更生动形象的方式展示出来,用户可以在虚拟现实中漫游城市㊁探索地形㊁观察地图等,从而更深入地探索地理空间数据和进行空间分析㊂此外,罗奇图书馆提供了虚拟现实头戴式显示器和其他设备的借出服务,可以让学生和教师自由地探索和创造虚拟世界,并定期举办虚拟现实相关的培训研讨活动和展览,以促进虚拟技术的发展和应用㊂斯坦福大学格林图书馆(Green Library)大卫拉姆齐地图中心(David Rumsey Map Center)设有虚拟现实技术体验站点,在站点中用户可以使用Oculus Rift头戴式显示器在虚拟现实电影中观看1739年的巴黎地图,使用Google Earth VR以前所未有的方式探索世界,或者通过Oculus First Contact互动㊂斯坦福大学图书馆还与档案馆合作,使用档案馆的历史图像视频资料与斯坦福标志性地点的全景视频制作了虚拟现实电影㊂北卡罗来纳州立大学图书馆2017年春季就开始试验虚拟现实服务,相继在Hill 图书馆㊁Hunt图书馆和Design图书馆设立了VR学习空间㊂同时,图书馆积极与各学科项目组合作,开发了如蜜蜂管理㊁有机化学㊁长叶松修复等多个VR项目,开展了多项VR展览活动㊂用户通过线上VR游戏,可以身临其境地感受到植物适应性的形式和功能,了解受控燃烧后长叶松生态系统的恢复过程,大大增加了教学过程的趣味性㊂普林斯顿大学图书馆通过虚拟现实技术为学生和教职员工提供服务,在教学过程中,学生可以通过虚拟现实设备与费卢杰之战的全景纪录片进行深度互动,也可以在虚拟人群面前练习公共演讲技巧,从而增强教学体验;在课外,用户可以通过虚拟现实设备虚拟参观各个大学校园,全面了解不同类型的高等教育机构㊂其他国家的大学图书馆也在虚拟现实技术提供服务方面进行了积极探索㊂牛津大学图书馆建有虚拟现实技术的主题网站[6]㊂网站整合了与虚拟现实技术相关的馆藏信息,对如何使用虚拟现实设备创建总第201期大学图书情报学刊2024年第1期满足个性化需求的VR项目进行了详细指导说明,并给出了包括精神病学㊁工程㊁医学㊁考古学等多个学科的实际应用案例㊂图书馆还开展了VR竞赛,鼓励学生和教职员工将VR技术运用到解释研究结果和实验过程中㊂麦吉尔大学图书馆提供多种虚拟现实设备的租借服务,并提供教育㊁工程㊁数学㊁历史㊁医学与解剖学㊁旅行㊁音乐㊁物理㊁太空探索等12个学科主题领域的41个体验项目㊂悉尼大学图书馆提供专业的虚拟现实设备供读者预约使用,目前拥有包括医学现实平台桌面㊁谷歌地球VR㊁国际空间站之旅VR等应用在内的78个可体验项目,可以让读者通过探索人体解剖学㊁在谷歌地球发现新风景,体验虚拟现实在教育㊁教学和游戏中的作用㊂新加坡国立大学图书馆建设了4D VR空间,通过将运动的物理感觉与触觉反馈相结合,将物理感官融入VR世界,提升用户体验㊂通过调查研究发现,VR技术已经在国外高校图书馆得到广泛应用㊂因其逼真的虚拟环境和沉浸式体验,它已被成功地应用于虚拟导览㊁模拟体验㊁虚拟展览㊁虚拟社交等服务项目,取得了显著效果㊂1.2㊀虚拟现实技术在国内高校图书馆的应用情况2008年,国家图书馆开发了国内第一个交互式虚拟现实图书馆系统[7],包括三个部分: 馆内大厅虚拟导航 网络虚拟导航 和 虚拟现实阅读站 ㊂该系统使用了Flash技术和人体手势识别技术,支持读者通过web浏览器实现对国家图书馆馆舍的虚拟漫游,或者以非接触式的虚拟交互方式在计算机上翻阅电子图书,实现对电子图书的虚拟阅读㊂这一虚拟现实技术在我国图书馆领域的应用突破,引起了国内多个图书馆跟进㊂武汉大学图书馆在信息分馆创客空间和工学分馆多功能体验区均提供了VR体验设备及各类VR资源供读者预约使用㊂华中科技大学图书馆根据场馆的360ʎ全景照片创建了虚拟场景,用户通过web 浏览器即可在线3D漫游图书馆,为新生规划了专属路线,引导新生熟悉图书馆布局㊂天津大学图书馆制作了卫津路校园 虚拟旅游 (Virtual Tourism,VT)的多幕街景,将校园花景在线上虚拟呈现,并由虚拟吉祥物 海小棠 作为入园导游,指引读者 云赏花 ;此外,图书馆对馆内举行的多个展览进行了虚拟场景制作,读者线上即可体验兼具空间感和细节观赏的虚拟展览㊂大连理工大学图书馆对伯川馆㊁令希馆㊁开发区分馆㊁盘锦分馆㊁马院分馆制作了馆内空间的360ʎ全景导览,在可供预约的座位和研修间均有互动元素,帮助读者了解如何使用图书馆物理空间㊂中国矿业大学(徐州)图书馆在门户主页设置了虚拟图书馆栏目,实现了馆内空间的虚拟导览功能,在设备体验区还设有VR设备供读者使用㊂重庆大学图书馆创立了虚拟智慧图书馆服务系统,将虚拟现实技术应用到入馆教育中,以虚拟导览㊁任务闯关的方式构建集认知㊁体验㊁互动为一体的新生入馆教育模式㊂上海交通大学图书馆开创了 智慧泛在课堂 ,针对每位学生选修的课程,图书馆主动推送与课程对应的电子教参资源,提供个性化定制的教参资料㊂客户端的电子教参界面以立体书架的形式展示图书,使用VR技术可获得实体书翻阅的体验㊂西安电子科技大学图书馆基于虚拟现实技术建设了虚拟图书馆,除了提供北馆㊁南馆的全景导览,还可以展示馆藏检索结果在图书馆的具体位置,并以虚拟书架的形式进行可视化呈现㊂南京林业大学图书馆在创客空间提供VR设备的体验服务,同时积极将虚拟现实技术应用于教育技术支持,引导学生制作与课程相关的3D模型与VR场景,并使用VR设备呈现展示,在过程中加深对课程内容的理解㊂由此可见,国内高校图书馆在虚拟现实技术应用方面也进行了一些探索㊂1.3㊀虚拟现实技术在高校图书馆的应用场景分析国内外高校图书馆普遍借助VR技术实现数字化服务㊁虚拟导览㊁文化体验㊁虚拟展览等功能,丰富了图书馆服务内容,提高了用户体验㊂VR技术不仅帮助用户更好地利用图书馆资源,还可以提高用户的学习兴趣和学习效果㊂此外,VR技术可以拓展图书馆服务范围,实现远程服务㊁移动服务等新型服务模式,进一步提高图书馆服务水平㊂VR技术在高校图书馆中的应用场景主要有虚拟导览㊁虚拟现实阅读㊁虚拟现实学习几个方面㊂1.3.1㊀虚拟导览服务根据教育部高校图工委发布的‘2021年高校图书馆发展报告“,1255所高校图书馆2021年度馆均馆舍建筑面积约为2.55万平方米,1290所高校图书馆2021年度馆均馆藏纸质图书累积量为131.5万册㊂面对如此庞大的物理空间和海量馆藏,读者如何快速精准地获取所需的资源和服务成为一个具有挑战性的问题㊂借助基于VR技术的虚拟导览服务,图书馆可以全面揭示馆内各个区域的位置和所藏资源的分布情况,精准推送图书馆资源获取路径,提高读者使用图书馆的效率㊂有些高校图书馆将虚拟现实技术与RFID定位技术㊁智能书架相结合,读者在移动终端输入检索关键词后,检索结果可在线上虚拟可视化展示,读者可以随时随地畅游全馆文献资源㊂通过虚拟导览系统,读者可以体验到更直观㊁更生动的馆内导李㊀倩,任金波:虚拟现实技术在高校图书馆的应用览,通过多种呈现方式了解馆内布局和资源分布信息,馆员的咨询工作量大大减少㊂西安电子科技大学图书馆㊁南京师范大学图书馆都进行了相关应用的探索㊂1.3.2㊀3D虚拟馆藏展示为广大读者提供文献资源借阅㊁流通推广等服务是高校图书馆的基础职能之一㊂但由于人员使用不当,有许多纸质文献被折页㊁破损,这对文献资源造成了一定程度的损害㊂尤其是古籍㊁善本㊁手稿等珍贵馆藏,资源借阅可能对其造成灾难性的后果㊂正因如此,图书馆通常采取闭架收藏的方法对这些珍贵馆藏进行管理,但这并不利于对珍贵馆藏的开发使用㊂基于虚拟现实技术的3D虚拟馆藏展示可以解决这个问题㊂通过虚拟现实技术创建珍贵馆藏的全景影像,并在其上添加交互功能,模拟读者在现实世界中翻阅图书等操作,构建3D虚拟展示空间,这不仅可以有效解决珍贵馆藏的使用问题,还可以拓宽读者的信息获取渠道,增加读者的参与兴趣,为图书馆的资源开发利用注入活力㊂由浙江大学和中国科学院研究生院牵头,16所高校参与建设的大学数字图书馆国际合作计划(China Academic Digital Associative Library,CADAL)实现了部分数字资源的3D虚拟展示,探索了虚拟现实技术在数字图书馆中的应用[8]㊂一些高校图书馆将虚拟导览服务和3D虚拟展示相结合,运用到虚拟展览中㊂通过创建3D全景空间并将展品虚拟影像置于其中,读者可以在虚拟现实环境中从任意角度观赏展品,实现了更加真实㊁身临其境的展览效果㊂北卡罗来纳州立大学图书馆㊁普林斯顿大学图书馆㊁天津大学图书馆均提供类似服务㊂1.3.3㊀虚拟学习空间与传统的学习方式相比,使用虚拟现实技术作为辅助教学工具能够通过与教学内容的积极情感互动,提高学生对学习内容的记忆力和理解力,从而增强学习体验㊂基于此,国外许多高校图书馆与各学科教师合作,通过对某些特有的知识元素进行3D建模并进行VR呈现,为课程教学提供教育技术支持,嵌入教学过程并提供服务㊂如在医学课程中,虚拟现实技术可以帮助医学生模拟真实的手术场景,让他们在安全的虚拟环境中进行实践,提高操作技能和自信心㊂这种技术还可以用于模拟人体解剖和生理过程,让学生更好地理解人体结构和功能㊂在工程课程中,虚拟现实技术可以模拟各种工程场景,例如建筑㊁机械㊁电子等,让学生在虚拟环境中进行设计和实践,快速理解各种复杂的工程原理和技术,提高解决问题的能力和创新意识㊂一些国内高校图书馆则将虚拟导览功能和虚拟学习空间相结合,将其应用到入馆教育中,在导览的各个主要节点加入文字㊁图片㊁视频㊁链接等辅助说明信息,读者在全景漫游中,既了解了馆藏布局,又学习了图书馆相关知识㊂因学习内容直观形象,大大提升了入馆教育效果㊂1.3.4㊀虚拟游戏体验多项研究结果表明,游戏可以提高学习动机和兴趣,增加学习效果和记忆力,提高学习反馈机制,增强协作和沟通能力㊂在校大学生属于 Z世代 ,对游戏极为熟悉㊂为激发读者的学习兴趣,让读者积极参与图书馆活动,一些高校图书馆向读者提供基于虚拟现实技术的游戏体验服务㊂这种虚拟游戏体验服务分为两类:一类是虚拟现实设备厂家在统一平台上提供游戏,图书馆购买游戏授权并提供虚拟现实设备租借给读者体验㊂这一类虚拟游戏通常种类丰富,涵盖多个学科方向内容㊂另一类则是由图书馆主导或参与开发的游戏,游戏内容整合了馆舍空间导览㊁文献资源使用知识等,读者作为玩家在虚拟场景内参与答题闯关,通过这种形式,图书馆宣传推广了馆藏文献资源信息和服务内容,也提高了读者对图书馆的关注度,增加了用户黏性㊂2㊀高校图书馆虚拟现实技术实际应用中存在的问题虚拟现实技术被广泛应用于高校图书馆的日常服务,为用户提供了更加丰富㊁生动的图书阅读和学习体验㊂但在实际应用中,高校图书馆使用虚拟现实技术存在一些问题㊂2.1㊀服务形式单一目前高校图书馆虚拟现实技术主要应用在虚拟导览㊁VR设备体验等方面,应用形式较为单一㊂大多数高校图书馆还处于虚拟现实技术应用的初步探索阶段,应用虚拟现实技术的方式往往是与提供虚拟现实设备和技术的厂家合作制作虚拟现实场景,或购买虚拟现实设备来提供设备体验㊁设备租借服务,并不能很好地满足读者需求㊂许多图书馆对于虚拟现实技术和虚拟现实设备尚不了解,因此,在应用虚拟现实技术时规模较小,缺乏更深层次的运用㊂2.2㊀缺乏标准和统一平台我国虚拟现实行业缺乏统一的标准和规范,其在图书馆行业应用中也存在着类似的问题㊂大多数图总第201期大学图书情报学刊2024年第1期书馆在应用虚拟现实技术时,各自为政,缺乏行业标准和共建意识,缺乏统一平台支持和协作,也缺乏相互合作和资源聚合㊂例如,不同的虚拟现实服务可能采用不同的软件㊁硬件设备,导致服务较为分散,读者在使用过程中需要适应不同的操作系统㊁交互方式和图形界面,从而增加了学习成本㊂这导致不同服务之间的数据共享较为不便,限制了虚拟现实服务的互动性和社交性㊂2.3㊀对馆员信息素养要求较高虚拟现实技术是一种融合了计算机图形学㊁计算机视觉㊁人机交互㊁人体工程学㊁认知心理学等多种学科知识的计算机仿真技术㊂高校图书馆提供虚拟现实服务需要馆员具备较高水平的信息素养,只有当馆员了解虚拟现实技术并熟练掌握虚拟现实设备的使用和操作时,才能更好地引导读者参与虚拟现实体验,解决读者体验过程中可能出现的问题㊂然而,在目前高校图书馆的馆员队伍中,信息素养参差不齐,大部分馆员缺乏了解虚拟现实技术的意愿和掌握虚拟现实技术的能力㊂这导致虚拟现实技术在高校图书馆的应用受到了一定程度限制,降低了其应用和推广效果㊂事实上,国外多所高校图书馆都聘请了虚拟现实相关领域的专家作为专业馆员,并不定期组织各类虚拟现实技术应用培训和讲座,国内高校图书馆尚不多见㊂2.4㊀用户体验有待提升国内高校图书馆开展虚拟现实技术应用时间较短,尚处于探索的初级阶段,还未形成完善的服务体系和标准的服务流程㊂由于用户的生理结构特点,在使用某些虚拟现实技术装备时,可能会出现恐慌㊁眩晕甚至昏厥等现象㊂虚拟现实技术装备种类多样,适用的平台不尽相同,参数配置也存在差异,如果工作人员没有对设备进行个性化调试装配,用户无法得到较好的体验㊂在用户参与VR项目体验前,是否接受相关培训非常重要,科学有效的培训指导能够帮助用户克服恐慌情绪,避免眩晕等不适症状,提升用户体验㊂3㊀高校图书馆拓展虚拟现实技术服务的应对策略3.1㊀深化服务内容虚拟现实技术为高校图书馆提供了更加多样化的服务手段,高校图书馆应关注国内外虚拟现实技术的发展情况,实时跟踪知名高校图书馆VR项目的实施情况,并从中借鉴成功经验,主动深化虚拟现实技术服务内容,满足用户需求,提升服务质量㊂在实际应用中,高校图书馆可以循序渐进,从简单的虚拟导览服务开始,充分利用Unreal㊁Unity3D等平台资源,逐步扩展服务领域㊂高校图书馆对自身馆藏资源应有清晰准确的认识,掌握哪些馆藏资源适合采用虚拟现实技术进行展示和利用,可以在虚拟导览系统中一并展示,为用户提供更具吸引力和交互性的服务㊂此外,高校图书馆可以根据馆藏特点,将收藏的古籍㊁手稿等进行数字化处理,通过虚拟现实技术,创建仿真场景,为读者提供沉浸式体验㊂在学科教育领域,高校图书馆可以建立虚拟现实教育资源库,形成虚拟实验室,为学生提供更加真实的实验观察体验㊂通过这些措施,高校图书馆将利用虚拟现实技术为用户提供更加全面的学习㊁探索和体验服务㊂3.2㊀制定标准,建设统一平台2017年发布的‘ 十三五 时期公共数字文化建设规划“明确指出,要引导图书馆开发应用虚拟现实㊁增强现实等新兴技术㊂‘2019年教育信息化和网络安全工作要点“提出:教育机构要推动虚拟现实等新技术在教育教学中的深入应用㊂高校图书馆应以此为契机,建立图书馆领域的虚拟现实服务标准,按照不同的服务类型,制定不同的服务指南,指导和规范图书馆虚拟现实技术服务的开展㊂同时,高校图书馆要关注虚拟现实技术的更新换代,及时更新标准,满足不断增长的用户需求㊂此外,高校图书馆需要建设开发统一的虚拟现实服务平台,推进虚拟现实技术和VR 设备在高校图书馆的普及㊂在建设虚拟现实技术平台时,需要优先考虑选用开源软件㊂这除了能减少开支,还能让图书馆更好地对接国际标准,提升服务的通用性㊂高校图书馆要以开放的心态积极寻求与有技术实力的第三方合作,针对图书馆的特有需求定制开发个性化服务平台,推动虚拟现实技术与高校图书馆的深度融合㊂3.3㊀提升图书馆员信息素养虚拟现实技术在高校图书馆的普及和应用对图书馆员的信息素养提出了更高要求㊂虚拟现实技术服务与传统服务相比,在技术和方法上都存在较大差别,图书馆员需要接受虚拟现实技术的相关培训,逐步提升信息素养㊂这一方面可以为虚拟现实平台和设备选择采购决策提供技术支持,为VR系统和设备的维护以及所在空间的管理提供人力支撑,确保图书馆能够正常提供虚拟现实体验服务;另一方面可以帮助读者解决在使用虚拟现实体验服务中遇到的问题,李㊀倩,任金波:虚拟现实技术在高校图书馆的应用。

网络乱象的英语作文

网络乱象的英语作文

网络乱象的英语作文In the wild west of the internet, chaos reigns supreme. Scams lurk behind every click, waiting to pounce on unsuspecting victims. From phishing emails promising untold riches to fake social media profiles peddling dubious products, the digital landscape is a minefield of deception.Trolls roam freely in the virtual realm, spreading hate and discord with every keystroke. From toxic comment sections to heated online debates, civility is often a casualty in the battle for internet dominance.Catfishing, the art of luring someone into arelationship using a fictional online persona, preys on the vulnerable and the lonely. Behind the facade of a charming profile lies deceit and manipulation, leaving hearts broken and trust shattered.The rise of fake news has muddied the waters of public discourse, blurring the lines between fact and fiction.With sensational headlines designed to provoke outrage and clicks, the truth becomes a casualty in the quest for virality.Cyberbullying casts a dark shadow over the digital landscape, leaving scars that may never heal. From hurtful comments to malicious gossip, the anonymity of the internet emboldens bullies to torment their victims without fear of consequence.Privacy is a rare commodity in the age of social media oversharing. Every post, like, and share becomes fodder for advertisers and data brokers, leaving individuals exposed to exploitation and manipulation.In the vast expanse of the internet, misinformation spreads like wildfire, fueled by the echo chambers ofsocial media. From conspiracy theories to pseudoscience, the line between reality and fantasy blurs as falsehoods gain traction in the digital echo chamber.Online addiction grips many in its ironclad grasp,trapping them in a never-ending cycle of scrolling and clicking. From gaming binges to endless hours spent on social media, the virtual world becomes a refuge from the harsh realities of life.In the digital wild west, vigilantes and outlaws alike roam the virtual frontier, each carving out their own slice of cyberspace. From hacktivist groups fighting for justice to cybercriminals lurking in the shadows, the internet is a battleground where the line between good and evil is often blurred.In the end, the internet remains a reflection of humanity itself – a complex tapestry of light and shadow, where the best and worst of human nature are on full display for all to see.。