3. Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 – 1827), German composer, was one of music‟s greatest geniuses. His works have a rare originality, emotional depth, and expressive power. He was known for his nine symphonies, piano concertos and sonatas, and string quartets. Most of Beethoven‟s compositions were written in the classical forms established by his predecessors Mozart and Haydn, so he is sometimes considered the last great composer in the classical tradition. But he also remoulded and expanded the old forms and infused them with highly personal intensity of emotion, so he is also referred to as the first of the Romantics.
5. The Nazis Nazism is a political doctrine of racial supremacy, nationalism, and dictatorship. Nazi is an abbreviated form of the German words for National Socialism. It was Adolf Hitler, a member of national Socialist German Workers‟ Party, who developed the programme for Nazism in his book Mein Kampf (1925 – 1927 My Battle). He defined the Germanic peoples as race, called Aryans, superior to other races. He blamed Germany‟s troubles on Jewish capitalism, communism, and the heavy reparation payments Germany was required to make to the victorious Allies by the Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919) that ended the First World Warard Nobel (1833 – 1896), a distinguished Swedish chemist and industrialist, provided for the award of the Nobel prizes. He experimented with different kinds of explosives such as nitroglycerin and dynamite, both deadly explosives. However, he was a pacifist and he feared that his inventions might further warfare. In his will he left about $9,000,000,00 in a fund to reward those who did most for their fellow men in science, literature, and peace. In his will, he specified that the interest accrued by the fund “be annually distributed in the form of prizes to those who during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind” in the field of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace, regardless of nationality.
