大学英语四级选词填空练习四教程文件

Passage 3As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. But relaxation is __1__ for a healthy mind and body.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to __2__ it. In fact, it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of __3__ that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such __4__ are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first sight of __5__ difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both physically and __6__. In fact we make choice between “flight or fight” and in more __7__ days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same __8__. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued __9__ to stress, that health becomes endangered. Since we cannot __10__ stress from our lives it would be unwise to do so even if we could, we need to find ways to deal with it.Passage 4As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is __1__ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.If a firm wants to __2__ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a __3__ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be __4__, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of thoserequirements is given a value, usually in “points”, which are __5__ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their __6__ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without __7__ to an evaluation system based on points.In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should __8__ the value of each job with these in the job market. __9__, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for __10__ workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.Passage 5Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian（百姓的）clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform.The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it,without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, o n the job at le a st.Passage 6Britain is not just one country and one people; even if some of its inhabitants think so. Britain is, in fact, a nation which can be divided into several __1__ parts, each part being an individual country with its own language, character and cultural __2__. Thus Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales do not claim to __3__ to “England” because their inhabitants are not __4__ “English”. They are Scottish, Irish or Welsh and many of them prefer to speak their own native tongue, which in turn is __5__ to the others.These cultural minorities(少数民族) have been Britain’s original inhabitants. In varying degrees they have managed to __6__ their national characteristics, and their particular customs and way of life. This is probably even truer of the __7__ areas where traditional life has not been so affected by the __8__ of industrialism as the border areas have been. The Celtic races are said to be more emotional by nature than the English. An Irish temper is legendary. The Scots could rather __9__ about their reputation for excessive thrift and prefer to be remembered for their folk songs and dances, while the Welsh are famous for their singing. The Celtic __10__ as a whole produces humorous writers and artists, such as the Irish Bernard Shaw, the ScottishPassage 8Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive( 认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others.A coeducational(男女合校的) school offers children nothing less than a tree version of society in miniature(缩影). Boys and girls are given the 1 to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of 2 ability, athletic achievement and many of the extracurricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical 3 it is (to give just a small example) to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense coeducation makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girls or vice versa. When 4 , boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. In a coeducational school, everything falls into its 5 place.The greatest contribution of coeducation is 6 the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys don’t grow up believing that women are 7 creatures. Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. Years of living together at school remove illusions of this kind. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and 8 problems involved in growing up. These can better be 9 in a coeducational environment. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are fully prepared to 10 society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.Passage 13The anthropologist (人类学家) Clifford Geertz defines culture as a “historically transmitted pattern of meanings embodied in symbols by 1 of which men can communicate, perpetuate and develop their own knowledge about and attitudes towards life.”Why is it important that you 2 about other cultures? There are a number of reasons. Some may do it 3 because they find fascinating the different ways that people think, speak, act, evaluate, and communicate. But let me assume that you are a more pragmatic sort of person, and are 4 in the “cash value” of a course like this — apart, that is, from the grade you will receive at the end of it. What is a class like this good for? Let me make a couple of suggestions on how what you learn in this class may prove 5 to you in the future:Business: Geert Hofstede’s excellent book on culture is 6 not primarily out of academic theory, but out of his study of the practical problems faced by one particular modern corporation (IBM), which exists across national and cultural 7 . In the world we live in, understanding 8 in general and also specific individual cultures in particular can make the difference between success and failure in the global market and economy.Politics and Diplomacy: If your career goal involves anything that relates to international politics and diplomacy, then understanding other cultures is 9 .Neighbors: If none of these previous factors 10 you, then you can just look at this class as a lesson in good neighborliness in the global village.Passage 14A pioneering study into the effects of a mother’s fat intake during pregnancy on her child’s health when he or she grows up is being launched at the University of Southampton.The research will investigate whether the type and amount of fat a mother eats during pregnancy 1 the risk of heart disease, 2 high blood pressure, in her child when he or she reaches adulthood.Although the link between high fat diets and high blood pressure is well known, there has been 3 research into the connection between a woman’s diet and her child’s risk of hypertension (高血压).The study, which is 4 by the British Heart Foundation, is led by Dr Graham Burdge, British Heart Foundation Professor of Cardiovascular Science.The award of this 5 grant is part of a ￡3.5 million boost for heart research in the UK by the British Heart Foundation. The charity’s special grants are made to fund research into the causes, prevention, 6 and treatment of heart disease, the UK’s biggest killer.Dr Burdge says, “The type and amount of fat in our diet has 7 during the past 50 years. Pregnant women 8 the same diet as the rest of us, but we know very little about the 9 of these changes in dietary (饮食的) fat on the development and future health of their children. We hope that the 10 of this study will help to develop recommendations for pregnant women about how much fat they should eat and what types of fat they should avoid.”Passage 15Major retailers and car manufacturers have slashed (削减) their marketing budgets in the six months to October, 2008, as the financial crisis has taken its toll, while supermarkets have __1__advertising spending in a battle to prove that they offer the most ___2__ prices.According to new research undertaken for The Daily Telegraph by Nielsen Media Research, in the six months to September 30, 2008, Marks & Spencer’s advertising spend fell 20.3 pc to ￡25.3 m, __3___ with the same period in 2007.While the retailer has spent heavily on a campaign __4__ celebrities in the past two years, it is understood to be cutting back on celebrity spending in 2009. The retailer is, however, still the UK’s 25th largest spender on advertising, __5__ being at 17th place in the six months to September 30, 2007.Car manufacturers have also significantly ___6__ back on marketing spending, believed to be a result of the financial crisis. According to Nielsen, Ford spent ￡26.6m in the six months to September 30, 2008, down 21pc from the same period last year. Vauxhall also ___7__ spending by 15.6pc in the period to ￡26.5m.For supermarkets, however, a significant increase in advertising spending, it appears, is a ___8___ as they seek to woo (追求) increasingly price __9__ customers. The leading supermarkets have __10__ an aggressive price war in the past six months as consumers have been faced with news of higher food prices.Passage 16Teddy bears have been around since 1902. The teddy bear came to being when President Theodore Roosevelt refused to 1 a black bear held captive by his hunting party. Also worth noting is that President Roosevelt’s refusal to shoot this captive bear became a very popular political cartoon by Cliff Barryman.A Brooklyn shopkeeper was 2 by the cartoon. The shopkeeper then asked President Rosevelt for 3 to name a toy bear “Teddy”. Thus became the creation of the teddy bear.It is also worth 4 that the teddy bear was born in Germany between 1902 and 1903.The first teddy bears did not have cuddly faces or smiles, in fact, the first teddy bears had expressions which could best be described as 5 . Teddy bears were also quite stiff, the 6 arms and legs and soft, plush bodies came much later.Now teddy bears are still the number one item to give babies as their first toy, the prize to win your girl on your first date, and most 7 , the toy of choice for law enforcement to give to children in sad, unsafe situations to help them calm down and feel safe.The market for collectible teddy bears has seen significant 8 in the last several years. A collectible teddy bear is very different than the typical store bought teddy that you might give a child. The industry 9 collectible teddy bears as hard, not floppy, and fully jointed (meaning arms, legs, and head are moveable). The artists however, also determine collectibles. Steiff teddy bears and others have a very high collectible 10 .Passage 17Hungry prehistoric hunters, not climate change, drove elephants to extinction during the Pleistocene era, new research suggests.At least 12 kinds of elephants 1 to roam the African, Eurasian, and American continents. Today, only two 2 of elephants are left in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. One theory for this dramatic demise holds that rapid climate shifts at the end of the most recent major ice age, some 10,000 years ago, 3 vegetation and broke up habitats, causing the death of those unable to adapt to the new conditions. Another 4 blames prehistoric humans, whose improved weapons and hunting techniques allowed them to wipe out whole herds of elephants.To help 5 the debate, archaeologist Todd Surovell of the University of Wyoming, Laramie, and colleagues tested two assumptions. If humans caused the elephant and mammoth extinctions, Surovell reasoned, the timing of the die-offs in 6 regions should match human expansion into those regions. On the contrary, if the extinction was 7 to climate change, elephants should remain in regions 8 colonized by humans and would only begin to die off once climate change occurred.The team tested both theories by analyzing where and when elephants were killed. In all, the study included 41 archaeological sites on five continents. The researchers found that, as humans 9 out of Africa, they left a trail of dead elephants behind them. The creatures disappear from the fossil record of a region once it became colonized by humans. Modern elephants survived in refuges 10 to humans, such as tropical forests, says Surovell.Passage 18There have been claims that warming on Mars and Pluto are proof that the recent warming on Earth is caused by an increase in solar activity, and not by greenhouses gases. But we can say with 1 that, even if Mars, Pluto or any other planets have warmed in recent years, it is not due to 2 in solar activity.The Sun's energy output has not increased since direct 3 began in 1978. If increased solar output really was 4 , we should be seeing warming on all the planets and their moons, not just Mars and Pluto.Our solar system has eight planets, three dwarf planets and quite a few moons with at least a 5 atmosphere, and thus a climate of sorts. Their climates will be 6 by local factors such as orbital variations, changes in reflectance (反射率) and even 7 eruptions, so it would not be surprising if several planets and moons turn out to be warming at any one time.However, given that a year on Mars is 8 two Earth years long, and that a year on Pluto lasts for 248 Earth years, it is rather early to start 9 conclusions about long-term climate trends on the outer bodies of the Solar System.What do we know? Images of Mars suggest that between 1999 and 2005, some of the frozen carbon dioxide that 10 the south polar region turned into gas. This may be the result of the whole planet warming.。

四级考试选词填空训练题附答案解析四级考试选词填空训练题(一)Perhaps like most Americans you have some e某tra pounds to 47 . You may even have tried a fad diet or two, but found yourself right back where you started. The key to weight loss is regular 48activity. And surprisingly, you don't have to give up eating or make the gym your second home to see long-term, 49 effects.You body needs a certain amount of energy to maintain basic 50 such as breathing, blood circulation and digestion. The energy required to keep your organs functioning is referred to as theresting or basal metabolic rate.Any time you are active, 51 energy is required. It is obtained from glycogen and fat stored in the blood, liver, and muscles. The key to losing weight is to draw on the fat rather than on the carbohydrate reserves.Which of the two energy sources you use depends on the intensity and 52 of your activity. The higher the intensity, the more your body will pull from the stored carbohydrates. The lower the intensity, the more your body will 53 on fat as its fuel.Aerobic e某ercise is most 54 for weight loss. When you perform aerobic activities you 55 contract large muscle groups such as your legs and arms. Walking, running, rollerblading, swimming, dancing, and jumping jacks are all forms of aerobic activity.Surprisingly, if your aerobic activity is low to moderately intense and of long duration, you will burn more fat than if you had 56 in a short burst of high-intensity e某ercise. In short, a brisk 30-minute walk will burn fat while a 100-yard sprint will burn glycogen.[A] positive[B] additional[C] duration[D] effectivee[E] shed [F] physical[G] food [H] functions [I] participated [J] rely [K] cut [L] repeatedly[M] uses [N] little [O] obvious四级考试选词填空训练题答案47. E 该空需填入动词原形，结合原意“和大多数美国人一梯状，你(的体重)可能也有几磅需要________〞可知，E(去除)最符合文意。

Passage 1In recent years, more and more foreigners are involved in the teaching programs of the United States. Both the advantages and the disadvantages 47 using foreign faculty in teaching positions have to be 48 , of course. It can be said that the foreign background that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also 49problems of adjustment, both for the university and for the individual. The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of protection; 50, what he needs is to be fitted to a highly organized university system quite different from 51 at home. He is faced in his daily work with differences in philosophy, arrangements of courses and methods of teaching. Both the visiting professor and his students 52 a common ground in each other’s cultures, some concept of what is already in the minds of American students is 53 for the foreign professor. While helping him to adapt himself to his new environment, the university must also 54 certain adjustments in order to take full advantage of what the newcomer can 55 . It isn’t always known how to make creative use of foreign faculty, especially at smaller colleges. This is thought to be a 56 where further study is called for. The findings of such a study will be of value to colleges and universities with foreign faculty.It seems you always forget—your reading glasses when you are rushing to work, your coat when you are going to the cleaners, your credit card when you are shopping...Such absent-mindedness may be 47 to you; now British and German scientists are developing memory glasses that record everything the 48 sees.The glasses can play back memories later to help the wearer remember things they have forgotten such as where they left their keys. And the glasses also 49 the user to "label" items so that information can be used later on. The wearer could walk around an office or a factory identifying certain 50 by pointing at them. Objects indicated are then given a 51 label on a screen inside the glasses that the user then fills in.It could be used in 52 plants by mechanics looking to identify machine parts or by electricians wiring a 53 device.A spokesman for the project said: "A car mechanic for 54 could find at aglance where a part on a certain car model is so that it can be identified and repaired. For the motorist the system could 55 accident black spots or dangers on the road."In other cases the glasses could be worn by people going on a guided tour, 56 points of interest or by people looking at panoramas where all the sites could be identified.A sunflower is a sunflower. A mobile phone is a mobile phone. But can you 47 the two to do something for your local 48 ?It may well be possible. When you have finished with your mobile phone you will be able to 49 it in the garden or a plant pot and wait for it to flower.50 , a biodegradable (生物可降解的)mobile phone was introduced by scientists. It is hoped that the new type of phone will encourage 51 to recycle.Scientists have come up with a new material over the last five years. It looks like any other 52 and can be hard or soft. and able to change shape. Overtime it can also break down into the soil without giving out any toxic 53 . British researchers used the new material to develop a phone cover that contains a sunflower seed. When this new type of cover turns into waste, it 54 nitrates(硝酸盐). These feed the seed and help the flower grow.Engineers have designed a small 55 window to hold the seed. They have made sure it only grows when the phone is thrown away."We've only put sunflower seeds into the covers so far. But we are working with plant 56 to find out which flowers would perform best. Maybe we could put roses in next time," said one scientist.Blue is the world's favorite color. It is also the color most often 47 with intellect and authority.Most uniforms are blue. In Greek and Roman mythology, blue is the color of sky gods. In the Old Testament, God is 48 by deep blue. Blue and turquoise (青绿色)are represented by the Islamic religion. It is the 49 color in the mosques of the world.Blue symbolizes truth, peace and cooperation. It is the color of the flag of the United Nations and of Europe. As the coolest color of the spectrum, it is the hue mostlikely to have a receding effect. As in the skies and water that 50 us, blue is seen as a peaceful and 51 color. Blue light has seen to 52 blood pressure by calming the nervous system hence relaxing the body and mind. Blue creates large airy spaces. It makes rooms bigger.The wrong shade of blue can be uncomfortable. It can also be cold and sterile(枯燥的)unless 53 with warmer colors.Light and soft blue makes us feel quiet and protected from the bustle(喧闹)and 54 of the day. Blue bedrooms are restful. Blue bath rooms are appropriately watery. Blue 55 depth with greens and reds. Dark blue represents the night making us calm. Its apparently calming effect makes it the perfect tone for the quieter 56 of your living space.Perhaps like most Americans you have some extra pounds to 47 . You may even have tried a fad diet or two, but found yourself right back where you started. The key to weight loss is regular 48 activity. And surprisingly, you don't have to give up eating or make the gym your second home to see long-term, 49 effects.You body needs a certain amount of energy to maintain basic 50 such as breathing, blood circulation and digestion. The energy required to keep your organs functioning is referred to as the resting or basal metabolic rate.Any time you are active, 51 energy is required. It is obtained from glycogen and fat stored in the blood, liver, and muscles. The key to losing weight is to draw on the fat rather than on the carbohydrate reserves.Which of the two energy sources you use depends on the intensity and 52of your activity. The higher the intensity, the more your body will pull from the stored carbohydrates. The lower the intensity, the more your body will 53 on fat as its fuel.Aerobic exercise is most 54 for weight loss. When you perform aerobic activities you 55 contract large muscle groups such as your legs and arms. Walking, running, rollerblading, swimming, dancing, and jumping jacks are all forms of aerobic activity.Surprisingly, if your aerobic activity is low to moderately intense and of long duration, you will burn more fat than if you had 56 in a short burst ofhigh-intensity exercise. In short, a brisk 30-minute walk will burn fat while a100-yard sprint will burn glycogen.Passage 6budgets in the six months to October, 2008, as the financial crisis has taken its toll, while supermarkets have 11 advertising spending in a battle to prove that they offer the most 12 prices.According to new research undertaken for The Daily Telegraph by Nielsen Media Research, in the six months to September 30, 2008, Marks & Spencer’s advertising spend fell 20.3pc to ￡25.3m, 13 with the same period in 2007.While the retailer has spent heavily on a campaign 14 celebrities in the past two years, it is understood to be cutting back on celebrity spending in 2009. The retailer is, however, still the UK’s 25th la rgest spender on advertising, 15 being at 17th place in the six months to September 30, 2007.Car manufacturers have also significantly 16 back on marketing spending, believed to be a result of the financial crisis. According to Nielsen, Ford spent ￡26.6m in the six months to September 30, 2008, down 21pc from the same period last year. Vauxhall also 17 spending by 15.6pc in the period to ￡26.5m.For supermarkets, however, a significant increase in advertising spending, it appears, is a 18 as they seek to woo (追求) increasingly price- 19 customers. The leading supermarkets have 20 an aggressive price war in the past six months as consumers have been faced with news of higher food prices.Undoubtedly the globe is getting hotter and hotter. The unavoidable questions are: How much responsibility shall we take for warming, and are we 47 to stop the destruction by limiting our insatiable 48 for natural fuels?It seems that global warming is too _49_ to be worried about, or too unpredictable. The computer_50_ cannot define what the weather is like next week. In cold winter day it might be considered that a little warming would be a fair thing. And doubtlessly: Alarming about_51_ alteration may sound like an environmentalist frightening strategy, aiming to urge humans to walk and keep the world cleaner.However, based on the data collected by scientists, bad news are brought to our living media.From California to the snowy peaks of China, the air is heating up right now, and the globe is being fast warmed, the _52_ has increased by 1 ℉ compared with the past century. In addition, some parts like remote places have been in a much hotter state. The results aren't satisfactory, ice being _53_ , rivers running dry, and coasts being _54_ , threatening villages and cottages.The 55 are gradually occurring without any obvious phenomenon. But they shouldn't slip our mind, because they can pose as a great potential threat to the 56 world.The way you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually 47 you money or can add to the cost. Take the 48 example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the 49 buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest 50 price. But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive51 to dry your hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer the most expensive one of all。

英语四级选词填空练习题(1)What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel _ 1 _ about it afterward. We saywe want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We're 2 with health and weight loss butface an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went invain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intendedto prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it.The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eatingwhat“real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be 5 by imports— pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the’ s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrivedcountry here in shackles.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’ s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit-ins at southern lunch counters. It isintegral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol forreligious reasons or evades meat for political 6 .But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put intheir mouths. We have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what theycontain.The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It's no coincidence, then, thatthe first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(约束 ). It's what we eat—and how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangers— that help define America as a communitytoday.A. answerB. resultC. shareD.guiltyE.constantF.definedG.vanishH.adaptedI.creativeJ.beliefK.suspiciousL.certaintyM.obsessedN.identifyO.ideals答案详解：1. D feel是一个系动词，能够判断此处应填入一个形容词，经过上下文意思，以及后边介词about,可以确立选项为 D 项 guilty,短语feel guilty about sth. "对感觉有愧"。

大学英语四级选词填空练习附详细答案It was last revised on January 2, 2021There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested inspelling .No school I have taught in has ever _____ spelling or considered it unimportantas a basic skill. There are, however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or howmuch _____ it must be given over general language development and writing ability. Theproblem is , how to encourage a child to express himself freely and _____ in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?If spelling become th e only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a __4__child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid __5__ language. That’s why teachers often __6__ the early use ofdictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing abouta personal experience ：“ This work is __7__ !There are far too many spelling errors andyour writing is illegible( 难以辨认的).” It may have been a sharP__8__ of the pupil’stechnical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omittedto read the essay, which __9__ some beautiful expressions of the child’s teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the erro rs, but if his priorities had centredon the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would havegiven the pupil more __10__ to seek improvement.A)priority B)criticism C)contained D)clearlyE)adventurous F ）discourage G)m o t i v a t i o n H)t e r r i b l e I)i g n o r e d J)d i f f i c u l t K)e n c o u r a g e L)e x p r e s s e d M)c o n f i d e n t l y N)b r i g h t O)m o t i v e L)e x p r e s s e dAnswers: 1. 选 I ）。

大学英语四级选词填空技巧篇1）阅读选项，词性分类仍然要―先题后文在定位‖，但这里―先题‖不是要找关键词，而是要先对15个选项―辨性‖仔细阅读选项，根据词性把每个单词进行分类归纳。

如名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词各有几个选项。

动词归类要细分为v，ved, ving。

因为一个空可以填动词，但填原形还是过去式还是ing形式要自己根据语法判断。

2）细读首句，抓住中心首先要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。

和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以便让读者知道本文的相关主题词或主题。

3）瞻前顾后，谨慎选择根据文章前后的语法关系判断应填入的词性，大大缩小选择范围。

当一个空可以填入好几个相同词性的词时，则根据上下文逻辑意义；如果均能说得通时，要注意近义辨析。

或留到最后，等范围缩小到最小时再轻松收尾。

即传统阅读所说的，首遍不行无所谓，文章看完再收尾。

解题技巧1）首先要辨性（辨别词性）a. 不认识的单词看词缀（见后面附表）b. 认识的单词要注意词性的单一性和多样性比如：must，most均可做名词do the most you canc. 动词归类要细分为v，ved, ving。

因为一个空可以填动词，但填原形还是过去式还是ing 形式要自己根据语法判断。

甚至动词分词形式还可以做定语。

2）一个单词有多个词性时，要在不同分类中都标出。

3）如果选项中出现一组近义词或反义词时，往往有一个是干扰选项，它注重考察的是词汇的精确理解，要求考生分析清楚其细微的区别。

4）如何判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性：①动词：a）前后都是名词短语，中间一般为动词（时态看前后文）。

b) 一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词c）一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。

②名词：a. 名词主要做主语、宾语。

b. 形容词或名词都可以修饰名词例：The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe ___49___ thunderstorms.（49可能是形容词，也可能是名词修饰thunderstorms）c. 限定词（the, this, that, a, my之类）后必有名词d. 谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语e. 介词后面必有名词③. 副词修饰形容词或动词附录：四级常用后缀1. 名词后缀1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor2)-acy, 表示―性质，状态，境遇‖ democracy, accuracy, diplomacy3)-ance, -ence表示―性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度‖ importance, diligence, difference, obedience4)-ancy, -ency, 表示―性质，状态，行为，过程‖ frequency, urgency, efficiency,5)-bility, 表示―动作，性质，状态‖ possibility, flexibility, feasibility,6)-dom, 表示―等级，领域，状态‖ freedom, kingdom, wisdom7)-hood, 表示"资格，身份, 年纪，状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示―行为的过程，结果，状况‖ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression_r, correction9)-ism, 表示―制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为‖ socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism10)-ity, 表示―性质，状态，程度‖ purity, reality, ability, calamity11)-ment, 表示―行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果‖ treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument12)-ness, 表示―性质，状态，程度‖四级选词填空解题技巧发表于：2009-6-12 浏览：112 次来源：华浦华浦（Chinatop）教育集团是中国首家致力于提供升学、求职、晋升的教育培训、就业推荐的大型综合性现代教育培训集团，秉承―一站成就梦想‖的办学理念，更以其培养出众多出色的学员而成为全国著名培训机构。

Unit 11. The labor party’s electoral stra tegy, which was based on a tactical alliance with other minor parties, has proved successful.工党的竞选策略是在战略上与其他一些小党派在结成联盟，现已证明这个战略是成功的.2.The government troops recaptured the city from the rebels at the cost of two thousand casualties.政府军队以2000伤员为代价，从反叛者那里夺回这座城市。

3. By a stroke of good luck, Genelle, who had been buried in the rubble （瓦砾）for more than 26 hours , came out alive.由于运气好，被埋在瓦砾下超过26小时的Genelle或者走了出来.4 My brother wasn't badly hurt, but he injured his leg and had to limp around for a few weeks.我哥哥伤的不严重，但是他伤到了腿并且大约一周的时间内都必须一瘸一拐的走。

5.The aircraft was subjected to a test of temperatures of minus 65 degrees Celsius and plus 120 degrees这架飞机要经受得住在零下65摄氏度的低温和零上120摄氏度的温度中进行测试。

7. To my surprise, the opening speeches sounded more like declarations of war than offerings of peace.让我感到吃惊的是，这个公开的演讲比起和平宣言来说更像是战争宣言。

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are requested to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Once the world embraced the automobile, the days of depending on horses, bicycles, ferries, and trains quickly slipped into the past. People were __47__ with the speed of the automobile but they were also enjoying the personal freedom that the automobile gave them. Owning a car gave people the freedom to go anyplace a road __48__. This allowed people to and at their own __49__. This independence gave the car a popular edge over buses and trains. The popularity of the automobile made it the __50__ of the transportation system. The automobile changed our lives when it created a giant industry that offered more and more jobs. The automobile made it possible for people to live in areas __51__ from their work place. This caused cities to grow and made suburban living more convenient. Of course, with more places to go, more __52__ roads had to be built. The automobile caused a __53__ effect. Jobs increased, industries grew, new industries developed, and cities appeared. Today the automobile industry continues to offer many __54__. Jobs are plentiful in this industry and improvements continue to be made to the automobile with new technologies.We have come a long way from that first __55__ carriage because of the cooperative efforts of many people in the last century. It will be interesting to see what the future holds for the automobile. We have already seen signs of the use of solar energy in this area. As long as man has a brain, the future of the automobile is __56__.（2）A college education is an investment in the future. But it can be a 47 one. The College Board 48 that the costs at a four-year public college in the United States increased 10% this past school year. That was less than the 13% increase the year before, but still much higher than the inflation 49 Public colleges and universities still cost a lot less than private ones.Financial aid often helps. But financial experts 50 parents to start college savings plans when their child is Still very young.All fifty states and the District of Columbia 51 what are called 5-29 plans. These plans are named after the part of the federal tax law that created them in 1996. States use private investment companies to operate the 52 of the programs.Every state has its own rules 53 5-29 plans. Some of the plans are 54 of state taxes. And all are not required to pay federal taxes. However, the government could start to tax withdrawals in 2011 if Congress does not change the law.5-29 plans include investment accounts that increase or decrease in value with the investments they contain. Families must decide how 55 they want to put money into stocks, or other investments.Another kind of 5-29 plan lets parents begin to pay for their child’s education in 56 and long before their child starts college. This kind of savings program is called a prepaid tuition plan. The money goes into an accountThere is progress toward a possible treatment for lung diseases such as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome). Researchers have learned more about how the SARS virus works: it 47 with a system in the body that uses enzymes (酶) to control blood pressure and fluid balance. Scientists say the virus 48 to an enzyme known as ACE-two. The virus blocks the enzyme, permitting fluid to enter the lungs.A team from Europe and Asia reported the 49 in Nature Medicine. Doctor Josef Penninger of the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology in the Austrian Academy of Sciences was the 50 writer of the report. The discovery could lead to a new 51 of treating not just SARS but also other diseases that can cause lung failure. These include avian flu (禽流感) and influenza in humans.The first 52 of SARS were discovered in Guangdong province, in southern China, in November of 2002. SARS was not 53 as a worldwide threat until March of 2003. The disease spread to 26 countries, most of them in the Asia-Pacific area. An estimated 8, 000 people had SARS. More than 770 of them died, or about 10% , a 54 high rate.The World Health Organization warned people not to travel to 55 areas. The 56 hurt international travel and business. The WHO says the disease stopped spreading by July of 2003. As a result of SARS, the health agency got new powers to act before a government officially announces a crisis.（4）To call something “marginal” means it is not very good. Farmers have their own way to 47 marginal land: It is the last to be planted under good conditions, and has the 48 to be avoided under poor conditions. Low 49 soil is not the only reason land could be considered marginal. It might be in an area where rainfall is 50 or where a hillside might rise too steeply.There are uses for marginal land, however. Most often it is used as grassland. Grasses provide excellent51 for grazing (吃草) animals like cattle, sheep and goats. Grass seed can be bought from a foreign supplier or52 grasses can be used. However, using marginal land for grazing is not a simple issue. There is a 53 of overgrazing. Cattle can damage the crops by eating down to the roots. Also, the weight of the animals crushes the soil and can make it too hard for growing. A(n) 54 way to reduce the harm is to move animals from one field to another. This method is known as rotational grazing (循环放牧) which is extremely important for marginal land.Another use for marginal land is for tree crops. Studies have 55 that the white pine and loblolly pine (火炬松) are two kinds of trees that grow well on such land. They grow fast and provide good quality wood. Another tree is the poplar (白杨), found in many parts of the world.Failure to take the care needed to protect marginal lands can make a bad situation worse. But goodChina is casting such a huge shadow on the United States that many Americans are trying hard to learn the Chinese language with an effort to keep their competitive edge."Interest in learning Chinese among American youth and their parents has grown 47 in the past five years," said Vivien Stewart, vice president at the Asia Society, a US group trying to bridge the 48 between Americans and the peoples of Asia and the Pacific.China's rapid progress is driving the interest to 49 the language, experts say. "The Chinese rich cultural traditions and 50 economy mean that it is now essential for all of our students to be better prepared to engage them and seize opportunities together," said Michael Levine, Asia Society' s executive director of education.A 2004 College Board survey found that 2,400 high schools--an 51 number--would be interested in52 the Advanced Placement (AP) courses in Chinese language and culture when the courses become available in 2006.China, the world' s most populous ( 人口稠密的) nation, is 53 to the United States because it is a leading trader, consumer and investor. It has 54 the United States as the world's largest consumer and could become the second largest economy in the world, in the next two to three decades.Even though the US State Department has regarded the Chinese language extremely important to national prosperity , the" 55 conditions to support recruitment of students and teachers as well as the growth of high（6）Can money buy happiness? Yes, 47 the authors of a new study---but only to a point.Psychology has shown that richer people generally rank the overall quality of their lives more 48 than poorer people do. At the same time, their actual happiness seems to be 49 less by their ability to buy more than by being able to keep up with those with comparable resources in their own age group."Our findings point to the possibility that, rather than promoting overall happiness, continued income growth could 50 an ongoing consumption race where people have to consume more and more, just to maintain a 51 level of happiness," writes Glenn Firebaugh of Pennsylvania State University.The study was 52 at the American Sociological Association's 100th Annual Meeting. Whether the rich are happier as a whole than their less 53 fellows is becoming an increasingly hot topic for debate. Recent years have 54 many writings on the "science of happiness." Richer people are happier because money can help purchase goods and services and it is the 55 of these materials that increases one's enjoyment of life and one's sense of well-being. Firebaugh and his colleagues measured the age, total family income, and general happiness of 56 aged 20 to 64, generally considered the working lifespan (工作寿命) for most Americans.Regardless of such standards as physical health, education, and marital status (婚姻状况), people's happiness was affected by what others earned. The higher the income of others in one's age group, the lower one'sKitchen duties may have traditionally been viewed as women’s work, but not at the White House. Until now: Cristeta Comerford has been named executive chef (厨师) .After an_ 47 six-month search, first lady Laura Bush announced Sunday that Comerford was chosen from hundreds of 48 to head the executive kitchen. A naturalized U.S. citizen from the Philippines, she will be the first woman and first 49 to hold the post. The 42-year-old Comerford has been an assistant chef at the White House for 10 years. She worked under former executive chef Walter Scheib Ill, who 50 in February.Scheib said Sunday that Comerford was 51 the best assistant he had in his 30-year career and is a wonderful choice to take over. He said she is a great cook with an artistic eye and a calm manner that can 52 the pressure cooker (高压锅) in the White House kitchen.Comerford has a bachelor’s degree in Food Technology from the University of the Philippines. She has worked at Le Ciel in Vienna, Austria and at restaurants in two Washington hotels.While being executive chef at the White House is honorable, the job also can be 53 Comerford will be in charge of everything from state dinners for world leaders to dessert for the commander in chief, his family and guests. The head chef is 54 for designing and executing menus for state dinners, social events, holiday functions, receptions and official luncheons (午宴) 55 by the president and first lady. The job pays 56（8）The more time children spend watching television the poorer they perform academically, according to three studies published on Monday. 47 television viewing has been blamed for increasing rates of childhood obesity (肥胖) and for aggressive behavior, while its 48 on schooling have been inconclusive, researchers said.But studies published on the topic in this month' s Archives of Pediatrics (小儿科) & Adolescent Medicine concluded television viewing 49 to have an adverse effect (副作用) on academic pursuits. For 50 , children who had televisions in their bedrooms--and 51 watched more TV--scored lower on standardized tests than those who did not have sets in their rooms. In contrast, the study found having a home computer with 52 to the Intemet resulted in comparatively higher test scores."Consistently, those with a bedroom television but no 53 home computer had, on average, the lowest scores and those with home computer but no bedroom television had the highest scores," wrote study author Dina Borzekowski of Johns Hopkins University. The American Academy of Pediatrics has 54 parents to limit children’s television viewing to no more than one to two hours per day--and to try to keep younger children away from TV altogether.In two other studies published in the same journal, children who 55 watched television before the age of 3 ended up with lower test scores later on, and children and adolescents who watched more television were less选词填空答案(1) 47-56 N E O A M L J I G B （2）47-56 G B E I C L N K A M （3）47-56 M C J G A E L I O D （4）47-56 F B J E A K N D L H （5）47-56 C K G A I N D F M O （6）47-56 C N E H A J B K F M （7）47-56 D K B I F H L A O E （8）47-56 J G M K D E B I C F。