数学中英文词汇对照表

数学中英文词汇对照表

集合set

非负整数集the set of all non-negative integers

自然数集the set of all natural numbers

整数集the set of all positive integers

有理数集the set of all rational numbers

实数集the set of all real numbers

元素element

属于belong to

不属于not belong to

有限集finite set

无限集infinite set

空集empty set

包含inclusion ,include

包含于lie in

子集subset

真子集proper subset

补集（余集）complementary set

全集universe

交集intersection

偶数集the set of all even numbers

奇数集the set of all odd numbers

含绝对值的不等式inequality with absolute value 一元二次不等式one-variable quadratic inequality 逻辑logic

逻辑联结词logical connective

或or

且and

非not

真true 假false

真值表truth table

原命题original proposition

逆命题converse proposition

否命题negative proposition

逆否命题converse-negative proposition

充分条件sufficient condition

必要条件necessary condition

……的充要条件是………if and only if…

函数function

自变量argument

定义域domain

值域range

区间interval

闭区间closed interval

开区间open interval

函数的图像graph of function

映射mapping

象image

原象inverse image

单调monotone

增函数increasing function

减函数decreasing function

单调区间monotone interval

反函数inverse function

指数exponent

N次方根nth root

根式radical

根指数radical exponent

被开方数radicand 指数函数exponential function

对数logarithm

常用对数common logarithm

自然对数natural logarithm

对数函数logarithmic function

数列sequence of number

项term

通项公式the formula of general term

有穷数列finite sequence of number

无穷数列infinite sequence of number

递推公式recurrence formula

等差数列arithmetic progression

公差arithmetic series

等差中项common difference

等比中项arithmetic mean

等比数列geometric progression, geometric series 公比common ratio

等比中项geometric mean

三角函数trigonometric function

始边initial side

终边terminal side

正角positive angle

负角negative angle

零角zero angel

象限角quadrant angle

弧度radian

弧度制radian measure

角度制degree measure

正弦sine

余弦cosine 正切tangent

余切cotangent

正割secant

余割cosecant

诱导公式induction formula

正弦曲线sine curve

余弦曲线cosine curve

最大值maximum

最小值minimum

周期period

最小正周期minimal positive period

周期函数periodic function

振幅amplitude of vibration

频率frequency

相位phase

初相initial phase

反正弦arc sine

反余弦arc cosine

反正切arc tangent

有向线段directed line segment

向量vector

零向量zero vector

单位向量unit vector

平行向量parallel vectors

相等向量equal vectors

共线向量collinear vectors

实数与向量的积multiplication of vector by scalar 基底base

数量积translation

正弦定理inner product

余弦定理sine theorem 算术平均数arithmetic mean

几何平均数method of compare

比较法method of compare

综合法method of synthesis

分析法method of analysis

倾斜角gradient

斜率point slope form

点斜式gradient intercept form

截距general form

斜截式included angle

两点式two-point form

一般式general form

夹角included angle

线性规划linear programming

约束条件constraint condition

目标函数objective function

可行域feasible region

最优解optimal solution

曲线curve

坐标法method of coordinate

解析几何analytic geometry

笛卡儿Descartes

标准方程standard equation

一般方程general equation

参数方程parameter equation

参数parameter

圆锥曲线point conic

椭圆ellipse

焦点focus, focal points

焦距focal length 长轴major axis

短轴minor axis

离心率eccentricity

双曲线hyperbola

实轴real axis

虚轴imaginary axis

渐近线asymptote

抛物线parabola

准线directrix

直线line

平面plane

几何体geometric solid

平面图形plane figure

立体图形slid figure

相交直线intersecting lines

平行直线parallel lines

异面直线skew lines

垂线perpendicular line

垂足foot of a oblique line

垂线段perpendicular line segment

公垂线common perpendicular line

公垂线段common perpendicular segment 垂面perpendicular

plane

射影projection

斜线oblique line

斜足foot of a oblique line

斜线段oblique line segment

半平面semi-plane

二面角dihedral angle

平面角plane angle 直二面角right dihedral angle

棱柱prism

底面base

顶点vertex

面face

棱edge

侧面lateral face

侧棱lateral edge

斜棱柱oblique prism

直棱柱right prism

正棱柱regular prism

平行六面体parallelepiped

长方体rectangular prism

正方体cube

棱锥pyramid

正棱锥regular pyramid

多面体polyhedron

凸多面体convex polyhedron

正多面体regular polyhedron

简单多面体simple polyhedron

球solid sphere, spheroid

球心center of a solid sphere

球面sphere

分类计数原理classified enumeration principle 分步计数原理fractional enumeration principle 排列arrangement, permutation

排列数number of arrangements

全排列total arrangement

阶乘factorial

组合combination

组合数number of combination