第一单元测试题(八上)1

八年级上册历史第一单元测试卷一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 秦朝统一六国后，采取了哪种措施来加强中央集权？A. 分封制B. 郡县制C. 世袭制D. 封建制2. 以下哪项不是秦始皇统一六国后的改革措施？A. 统一度量衡B. 统一货币C. 统一文字D. 推行分封制3. 汉武帝时期，推行了哪种政策来加强中央集权？A. 郡县制B. 世袭制C. 推恩令D. 分封制4. 唐朝时期，科举制度的推行对以下哪项产生了深远影响？A. 农业发展B. 经济发展C. 文化发展D. 军事发展5. 以下哪项不是唐朝对外交流的成就？A. 丝绸之路的繁荣B. 玄奘西行取经C. 郑和下西洋D. 鉴真东渡日本6. 宋朝时期，商业经济的发展主要表现在哪些方面？A. 农业的繁荣B. 手工业的兴盛C. 城市商业的兴起D. 封建制度的完善7. 元朝时期，实行了哪种制度来加强对全国的统治？A. 郡县制B. 世袭制C. 行省制D. 分封制8. 明朝时期，海禁政策的实施主要针对哪个领域？A. 农业B. 商业C. 文化D. 军事9. 清朝康熙皇帝时期，推行了哪些政策来加强中央集权？A. 郡县制B. 世袭制C. 推恩令D. 行省制10. 以下哪项不是中国古代四大发明？A. 造纸术B. 指南针C. 火药D. 望远镜二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. 秦始皇统一六国后，实行了________制度，废除了________制度。

12. 唐朝时期，科举制度的推行，促进了________的发展，为社会培养了大量人才。

13. 宋朝时期，商业经济的发展，特别是________的兴起，标志着城市经济的繁荣。

14. 明朝时期，郑和下西洋，展示了中国________的强盛。

15. 清朝康熙皇帝时期，实行了________制度，加强了中央对地方的控制。

三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）16. 简述汉武帝时期推行推恩令的意义及其影响。

17. 简述唐朝时期对外交流的主要成就及其对后世的影响。

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?测试题一、选择填空（15分）( )1. It __________ sunny today, but it __________ cloudy yesterday.A. is; isB. was; wasC. is; wasD. was; is( )2. I ___________ at school now, but I _________ at home an hour ago.A. am; amB. was; wasC. am; wereD. am; was( )3. --___________ there any students in the classroom?-- No, there aren't. But there _____________ some half an hour ago.A. Are; wereB. Were; areC. Are; areD. Were; were( )4. --Where __________ you last night? --I _________ at home.A. are; amB. am; amC. were; wasD. were; were( )5. --___Nancy at home last weekend?--No, she ___.She was in the library with her friends.A. Is; isn'tB. Was; wasn'tC. Did; didn'tD. Was; isn't( )6.That made me_____________ very happy .A. feltB. feelsC. feelD. felling( )7. __________ you often go to the beach? No, but I ___________ last Sunday.A. Do; goB. Did; wentC. Do; didD. Did; do( )8.At first she _____ like math, but now she _____.A. didn't; didB. doesn't; doesC. didn't; doesD. doesn't; did( )9. What _____________ Kevin ___________ on weekends?A. is; doingB. does; doC. did; doD. is; do( )10. What ___________ Cathy and Lora __________ now?A. are; doingB. do; doC. did; doD. are; do( )11. What __________ Dean __________ last Saturday night?A. is; doingB. does; doC. did; doD. was; do( )12. I watched Wang Fang ___________ with a friendly white cat ten minutes ago.A. playedB. to playC. playsD. play( )13.What did you decide after lunch?A. didB. to doC. doingD. does( )14.I don't have _____ money _____ a computer .A. any; forB. some; forC. little; withD. some; with( )15. Last weekend we had great fun ___________ on the beach.A. playedB. to playC. playingD. play二、完形填空（10分）It was Children's Day yesterday, we 16 the park. Our teacher was 17 us. 18 many people there. Some Young Pioneers (少先队员)19 near the river. 20 sang and danced. There were some 21 on the river. There was a hill 22 . Some boys 23 in the river. We sat under 24 apple tree with our teacher. We 25 on Children's Day yesterday.( )16. A. went B. went to C. went for D. went in( )17. A. to B. from C. with D. of( )18. A. Those were B. How C. Had D. There were( )19. A. are B. was C. were D. did( )20. A. They B. Them C. Their D. Theirs( )21. A. hills B. boats C. flowers D. trees( )22. A. here B. over C. over there D. near( )23. A. swim B. swimming C. swimmed D. swam( )24. A. a B. an C. / D. the( )25. A. liked B. enjoyed C. had great fun D. did三、阅读理解（30分）ASome years ago there was an old woman. She had no children because she did not like children at all. But she loved cats. She had mother cats and baby cats. She had black cats and white cats. The children in the neighborhood came to her house to play with the cats. More and more cats came to the old woman's house. There were too many cats. The old woman couldn't(不能) feed them all. Then she had an idea (主意). "The children love my cats," she thought (想). So she gave each child a cat. Then she was very happy. And the children were very happy, too. And the cats were pleased, too, because they each had a room.( )26. The old woman didn't like_________ .A. old catsB. baby catsC. old peopleD. children( )27. Why did the children come to the woman's house?A. To look at her houseB. To help the old womanC. To play with the catsD. To buy young cats( )28. The word "feed" in the passage means_________.A. give food toB. look afterC. live withD. play games( )29. The woman gave each child a cat because__________ .A. the children liked the catsB. she couldn't feed so many catsC. more cats came to her houseD. children came to her house very day( )30. Finally (最后) the woman_________ .A. began to love childrenB. sold (卖掉) all her cats to childrenC. bought enough food for the children's catsD. could get enough (足够的) food for the cats in her houseBBill and Sue were brother and sister. They studied in the same school. One day, on the way home they saw some nice birds. But they had no money to buy them.Sue had a good idea. On Saturday and Sunday they went to their farm and help their father pick apples. So their father gave them twenty dollars.Sue and Bill went to Mr. King's shop after school, Every one of them bought a bird. One is yellow, the other is green. The yellow one is smaller than the green one. They liked them very much.( )31. Bill was Sue's _____________________ .A. fatherB. motherC. brotherD. sister( )32. _________________ they went to work for money.A. Every dayB. After schoolC. At nightD. On Saturday and Sunday( )33. They helped their father _______________ on the farm.A. clean the roomB. pick applesC. water the treesD. cook supper( )34. Bill and Sue bought _____________________ in Mr. King's shop.A. two dogsB. two applesC. two birdsD. apples( )35. The green bird was _____________________ than that yellow one.A. biggerB. cheaperC. betterD. smallerCThe police in the big city were looking for a thief. At last they caught (捉住,catch的过去式) him. When they were taking photos of him from the front, from the left, from the right, with a hat, without (不戴) a hat, he suddenly attacked (袭击) the police and ran off. The police tried to catch (捉住) him, but he got away. A week later thetelephone rang in the police station, and somebody said, "You are looking for Bill Cross, aren't you? Well, he went to Waterbridge an hour ago."Waterbridge was a small town 150 kms away from the city. Four photos of the thief were sent (送到) to the police in Waterbridge at once by (由) the city police.Not more than 12 hours later they got a call from the police station in Waterbridge, "We caught 3 of the men," they said happily, "and we will catch the 4th this evening, we think."( )36. In the passage, "somebody" may (可能) be___________.A. the police in WaterbridgeB. someone in the cityC. the man taking photosD. the thief himself( )37. The police in Waterbridge caught three of the men according to (根据)_______.A. the facts (事实)B. the phoneC. the photosD. the news( )38. In fact (实际上) the police _____ the thief.A. caughtB. did not catchC. were sure (确信) to catchD. were not sure to catch( )39. The story happened (发生) in _____.A. a cityB. a townC. the countryD. A and B( )40. Who made a ridiculous mistake (可笑的错误) in the passage?A. the police in the cityB. the thiefC. the police in WaterbridgeD. the police in the big city四、词汇( 15分)(一) 根据首字母或汉语提示，把单词的的正确形式写在横线上。

人教版初中英语八年级英语上册全套单元测试题八年级上Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation？单元测试卷（人教新目标附答案）(45分钟100分)第Ⅰ卷(共50分)Ⅰ. 听力(10分)(Ⅰ)录音中有五个句子, 听一遍后, 选择与其相符的图片。

(5分)1. 2. 3. 4. 5.1. Jeff went paragliding yesterday.2. My father went to the beach on vacation.3. They went shopping last Sunday.4. Peter goes to the Summer Camp every year.5. I visited Huangguoshu Waterfall last week.答案: 1~5. BDACE(Ⅱ)录音中有一段对话, 听两遍后, 选择最佳答案。

(5分)6. Where did Susan go on vacation?A. She went to the beach.B. She went to the countryside.C. She stayed at home.7. What did Susan and her friends do there?A. They climbed mountains.B. They went hiking and fishing.C. Both A and B.8. How did they go there?A. By bus.B. By car.C. By bicycle.9. Who did they meet there?A. Some foreigners.B. Some farmers.C. Some actors.10. How was Susan’s vacation?A. Great.B. Not good.C. Terrible.M: Hi, Susan. Where did you go on vacation?W: Well, I went to the countryside with my friends.M: Really? What did you do there?W: We climbed the mountains, went hiking and fishing.M: Sounds good. How long did you stay there?W: For two days.M: And how did you go there?W: We rode our bicycles.M: Really cool! How was the weather there?W: It was sunny and warm.M: Did you meet any farmers there?W: Of course. And we talked to them. Their life is getting better and better now. Most of them have computers or cars in their homes.M: Great! Did you have a good time there?W: Yes, we did. And I hope to go there next vacation.答案: 6~10. BCCBAⅡ. 单项选择(10分)1. (2013·齐齐哈尔中考)—Have you read today’s newspaper?—No, I haven’t. Is there in it?A. something importantB. anything specialC. new anything【解析】选B。

人教版英语八年级上册第一单元测试题一、单项选择1.----- _________ did you do last night ?------ I played computer games in my bedroom.A. WhatB. HowC. WhyD. Where2. Most of the ______ ______ very hot .A. city ; isB. city ; areC. cities ; isD. cities ,was3. I spend 2 hours doing my homework and I need _____ to finish itA. the other hourB.another one hourC. one another hourD.an hour more4. -------_______ did you ________the summer vacation?------- It was terrible . I have too much homework to do .A.What; thinkB. How , likedC. How; think ofD. How ; feel about5.When it’s very hot , I _______ swimming in the pool .A. would likeB. wantC. feel likeD. decide6. The children are too young to look after ______.A. myselfB. themselvesC. theyD. yourself7. It’s only 19:00, we decide ______ homeA. goingB. go toC. not to goD. not to go to8. We had great fun ________the volleyball match between the Chinese team and Japanese team.A. watchB. watchedC. watchesD. watching9. How about ________a drink?A. haveB. to haveC. hadD. having10. The teacher made me ________at school because I didn’t finish my homework yesterday.A. stayB. stayingC. to stayD. stayed11. ------ Is _______ here ?-------Bob is not here.A. everyoneB. anyoneC.someoneD.nobody12. I had ________money for a taxi，so I walked home.A. noB. someC. anyD. a little13. I found an elephant ________across the river.A. walksB. walkedC. to walkD. walking14. I ________you yesterday afternoon，but you ________at home.A. call，aren’tB. am calling，aren’tC. called，wereD. called，weren’t15.A quarter ______, we felt very thirsty.A. lateB. afterC. laterD. behind16.There are ______ people ,so it’s very crowded (拥挤的) .A. quite a fewB. a lotC. a littleD. few17.Dogs are like ______to us and they are ______ to us.A. friends ; friendB. friends ; friendlyC. friendly ; friendsD. friend ; friendly18.We are _______ when we hear the ________ news -we don’t have classes tomorrow.A. exciting; excitedB.excited, excitedC. excited; excitingD. exciting;exciting19. The food there is ________.I’ll take you there next time.A. deliciousB. terribleC. awfulD. wonder20.We had great fun ________in the water last weekend.A. playB. playedC. playingD. to play21. The food is ________, but I have ________ to buy.A. enough expensive ; enough moneyB. cheap enough ; enough moneyC. expensive enough ; money enoughD. enough expensive ; money enough22.There isn’t ______ with your bicycle, you can ride home.A. something wrongB. anything wrongC.wrong somethingD. nothing wrong23. ---- I usually go there by train.------Why not _________ by boat ?A.to try goingB.try to goC.to try to goD.try going24.It is _____ to watch the _____ TV showsA. boring ; boringB. boring ;boredC. bored;boredD. bored;boring25.Mr.Zhu is not here. Where ____ he ______?A. did; goB. does; goesC. does; goD.will go26.Tom didn ’t pass the exam _______ someone told him wrong answers.A.because ofB. soC. becauseD. and27. We keep _______ and it keeps us ______A. to swim ; healthB. swimming; healthyC. to swim ; healthyD. swimming; health28. Tom doesn ’t wait _____ anybody and can ’t wait _____ home.A. / ; goB. /; to goC. for; to goD. for; go29.I was ____ tired that I ______ in class .A. too, sleepB. so , sleptC. too , sleptD. so; sleep30.There is _______ sheep on the farm.A. littleB. a littleC. fewD. a few.二、单词填空：写出下列动词的过去式1.stay2.go3.study4.have5.fly6.do7.rain8.make9.decide 10.eat三、完形填空Mr. and Mrs. Brown were teachers. They lived in a big _1_ .Last year they went to thecountryside for their summer vacation. They_ 2 _ it very much because it was a quite clean place. One day they went for a _ 3 in the morning and saw an old man. He sat in the __ 4 _ sun in front of his house. Mr.Brown went to him and aske d, “Do you like __5 in this quiet place?” The old man answered, “Yes, I __ _6 __ .”Mr. Brown asked, “What are the _ __7_ _ things about it?”The old man answered “Well, ___ 8___ here knows each other(互相) well. They often come to see me, and I often go to visit _ __9 __, too. Also, there are lots of children here.”Mr. Brown said, “That’s interesting. Well,___10__ are the bad things?”The old man thought for a short time and said, “Well, the same things.”() 1. A. city B. house C. country D. village C. played D. swam B. walk C. look D. say () 2. A. learned B. enjoyed () 3. A. talk () 4. A. cold () 6. A. can B. cloudy C. warm D. wet B. am C. do D. did B. cheap C. delicious D. well B. everyone C. no one D. something () 5. A. reading B. living C. sitting D. studying () 7. A. good () 8. A. nothing () 9. A. him B. you C. them D. themselves ( ) 10. A. what B. how C. who D. which四、阅读理解 AK im went to a beautiful beach on Monday with his friends . It was sunny and hot. So they had great fun playing in the water. In the afternoon, they went shopping. But the shops were crowded, they didn’t really enjoy it.The next day, it was rainy, so they went to a museum. It was boring. Kim found a small boy crying in the corner. The boy was lost. He helped the boy find his father. Kim was very happy. But he had no money for a taxi. So he had to walked back to the hotel. That made him feel very tired.On Wednesday, the weather was very cool. So they played tennis. They played all morning. It was really fun.根据短文内容，判断下列句子的正误，正确的用“T”，错误的用“F”。

八年级英语（上）Unit 1测试卷一.听力（本题有20小题，第一、二、三节每小题1分，第四节每小题2分；共计25分）1. ________2. ________3. ________4. ________5. _________6. ________7. ________8. ________9. ________ 10. ________11. ________ 12. ________ 13. ________ 14. ________ 15. ________16. ________ 17. ________ 18. ________ 19. ________ 20. ________二．完形填空（本题有15小题，每小题1分，共计15分）Yesterday my grandfather told me about his early days. 21 he left school, he found a job as a postman. He worked hard in the 22 . Soon he had much money 23 his hard work.When he was 25 years old, however, he began to 24 his job. He wanted 25 to do, so he left the post office. Two months 26 , he found a new job in a big company. Workers in this company usually 27 a lot. 28 , he really enjoyed the traveling. But after a year, he began to feel 29 of it, 30 he had to move around and he was always in a car or on a train. The worst thing was 31 he couldn’t make any new friends! Two years later, he left the company.He was poor at that time, so he sold his house. He had to accept a part-time job in 32 . He was surprised 33 that he loved it! He made new friends every day and he enjoyeddaughter. Soon they had their first 34 books. Three years later, he married the shop owner’ｓchild. In the next ten years, they had 35 three kids and four more book stores! He became very rich.he told me. “The most important thing is that you should always try “Life is wonderful,”your best. Never give up!”( )21. A. Because B. When C. Until D. If( )22. A. factory B. theatre C. bank D. post office( )23. A. because B. because of C. instead D. instead of( )24. A. love B. find C. dislike D. lose( )25. A. something more exciting B. more exciting somethingC. anything more excitingD. more exciting anything( )26. A. later B. after C. before D. ago( )27. A. talked B. ate C. traveled D. smiled( )28. A. At first B. As usual C. At last D. First of all( )29. A. full B. fond C. tired D. afraid( )30. A. but B. though C. for D. so( )31. A. that B. what C. those D. because( )32. A. a library B. a book store C. a shopping center D. another company ( )33. A. find B. found C. to find D. finding( )34. A. to buy B. buying C. to read D. reading( )35. A. other B. the other C. another D. others三．阅读理解（本题有15小题，每小题2分，共计30分）(A)Mr. Zhang正在国外旅游，这是他所入往宾馆的房卡。

八年级数学上第一单元测试题1一．选择题（10小题每题4分，共40分）1．如图AE∥DF和AE＝DF．要使△EAC≌△FDB，可添加的条件是（）A．∠E＝∠F B．EC＝BF C．∠A＝∠D D．BC＝CD 2．如图△ABC≌△DCB若AC＝6且DE＝2，则BE的长为（）A．3B．6C．2D．43．如图所示AB＝AC和AD＝AE和∠BAC＝∠DAE和∠1＝20°和∠2＝25°，则∠3的度数为（）A．30°B．45°C．50°D．60°4．如图△ABC≌△ADE中∠B＝30°且∠E＝115°，则∠BAC的度数是（）A．35°B．30°C．45°D．25°5．如图在△ABC中AD⊥BC于点D和BE⊥AC于点E且AD和BE 交于点F，已知DF＝DC＝4且AF＝3则BC的长为（）A．7B．192C．11D．2526．如图△ABC≌△DBC和∠A＝34°和∠ACD＝72°，则∠DBC的度数是（）A．110°B．105°C．64°D．100°7．如图△ABC≌△DEC且AF⊥CD．若∠BCE＝65°那么∠CAF的度数为（）8．如图△ABC≌△ADE和∠CAE＝90°和AB＝2，则图中阴影部分的面积为（）A．2B．3C．4D．无法确定9．如图△ABC≌△DEC zh点E在AB上且AC与DE相交于点F和∠BCE＝30°．则∠CED的度数为（）A．30°B．40°C．60°D．75°10．如图在△ABD中AB＝AD和点C是BD上一点和过点C作∠ACE ＝∠B交AD于点F，连接AE和CE且AE＝AC，则下列结论正确的个数是（）①BC＝DE；②∠ACB＝∠CFD；③∠CED＝∠CAD；④CD＝DE．A．1个B．2个C．3个D．4个二．填空题（10小题每题4分，共40分）11．如图线段AE和DB交于点C和∠A＝∠D，请你添加一个条件．（只填一个即可），使△ABC≌△DEC．12．如图已知∠A＝∠D要使△ABO≌△DCO，可添加的条件是．13．已知△ABC≌△ADE且AB＝5cm和BC＝8cm则DE的长为cm．14．如图OB为∠ABC的角平分线且AO⊥BO于点O，连接OC和△OBC的面积为12，则△ABC的面积为．15．如图已知△ABC≌△ADE中∠DAC＝60°且∠BAE＝100°，BC 和DE相交于点F则∠DFB的度数是度．16．如图在△ADB和△CBD中已知∠ADB＝∠DBC和AD＝BC那么由所给条件判定△ADB和△CBD全等的依据可以简写为．17．如图∠B＝∠C，若用“SAS”说明△ABE≌△ACD则还需要加上条件：．18．如图点C在线段AB上（不与点A，B重合）且在AB的上方分别作△ADC和△BCE且AC＝DC和BC＝EC和∠ACD＝∠BCE＝α连接AE和BD交于点P，下列结论正确的是（填序号）．①AE＝BD；②PC平分∠APB；③PC平分∠DCE；④∠APB＝180°﹣α．19．如图△ABC≌△DEF且点B和E在CF上．若CF＝8和BE＝4，则CE的长为．20．如图∠ACB＝90°和AC＝BC和AD⊥CE和BE⊥CE，垂足分别是点D和E，AD＝3且BE＝1，则DE的长是．一．解答题（6小题，每题10分共60分）1．如图已知AB∥CF且点E是AC的中点，直线FE交AB于点D．（1）求证：△ADE≌△CFE；（2）若AB＝9和CF＝5求BD的长．4．已知：如图点A和B和C和D在一条直线上，且CE＝DF与AE＝BF 与AB ＝CD ．求证：△EAC ≌△FBD ．7．把下列证明过程补充完整．已知：如图AC ＝AD 和∠C ＝∠D 和∠1＝∠2．求证：AB ＝AE ．证明：∵∠1＝∠2，∴∠1+∠ ＝∠2+∠ ，∴∠ ＝∠EAD ．在△ABC 和△AED 中，{∠C =∠DAC =AD∠()=∠EAD∴△ABC ≌△AED （ ），∴AB ＝AE ．（ ）10．如图AB ＝AC ．（1）请补充一个条件，使△ABE≌△ACD．（2）在（1）的条件下，OB＝OC吗？为什么？13．如图∠A＝∠B和AE＝BE且点D在AC边上yu∠1＝∠2＝42°且AE和BD相交于点O．求∠BDE的度数．16．如图∠A＝∠D＝90°和AC＝BD且AC和BD交于点O．求证：AO ＝DO．。

八年级上册第一单元测试题班级：姓名：座号：成绩：一．积累与运用（30分）1、默写。

（10分）1）_____________，_____ ________。

阳春布德泽，万物生光辉。

2），_______________。

树树皆秋色，山山唯落晖。

3）伴随着战争，产生了丰富的战争文化。

请你展示：A、有关战争的成语： ____________ ____________B、有关战争的名言：C、有关战争的诗句：2、下列各句中成语使用不当的一项是（）（２分）A、诺贝尔奖举世瞩目，而诺贝尔创立的“互译法”却鲜为人知．．．．。

B、连战和宋楚瑜的大陆之行树立了中华民族同脉同宗，团结奋进的里程碑，这让孤芳自赏．．．．的“台独”分子陈水扁异常烦恼。

C、有关部门高度重视防汛工作，加大宣传力度，将暴雨警报广而告之，做到家喻户晓．．．．。

D、为了实现自己的承诺，他孜孜不倦．．．．的工作，希望能满足孩子们的愿望。

3、填写下列成语：（4分）锐不可眼花乱然无存月明风名其实丰伟绩转弯角永垂不4、根据拼音在括号中写出正确的汉字：（2分）阻è管xiá寒jìn jū躬5、常识填空：（3分）A、新闻结构的五部分是、、、背景和结语。

B、法国作家雨果的代表作有《》、《》。

C、《芦花荡》的作者是。

6、写出下列各句的表达方式：（3分）A、凄风。

苦雨。

天昏。

地暗。

（）B、不记仇，很对。

但是，不能忘记。

（）C、他们临死前，在纸片上给亲人写下了最后几个字。

( )7、简要分析下列对话的言外之意。

(4分)50年代初，中国在百废待兴、一穷二白的情况下，为了保卫朝鲜，冒着极大的风险，不惜与美国一战，并帮助朝鲜把美国侵略者赶到了38线以南。

就在这个时候，周总理接受了美国记者的采访。

在采访过程中，周总理随手将一支美国派克钢笔放在桌上。

以下是他们之间的一段对话，你能读出他们的言外之意吗?记者：总理阁下，你们堂堂的中国人，为什么还要用我们美国生产的钢笔呢？总理：提起这支笔啊，那话可就长了。

八年级数学上册第一单元测试题(含答案)满分120分, 考试时间120分钟一、单选题（30分）1. 现有3cm、4cm、5cm、7cm长的四根木棒, 任选其中三根组成一个三角形, 那么可以组成三角形的个数是（）A. 4B. 3C. 2D. 12. 如图, 工人师傅在安装木制门框时, 为防止变形常常钉上两根木条, 这样做的依据是（）A．三角形具有稳定性B．两点之间, 线段最短C. 直角三角形的两个锐角互为余角D. 垂线段最短第2题图第3题图第4题图3. 如图, 在△ABC中, ∠1＝∠2, G为AD的中点, BG的延长线交AC于点E, F为AB上的一点, CF与AD垂直, 交AD于点H, 则下面判断正确的有（）①AD是△ABE的角平分线；②BE是△ABD的边AD上的中线；③CH是△ACD的边AD上的高；④AH是△ACF的角平分线和高A. 2个B. 3个C. 4个D. 1个4．如图, 若△ABC≌△DEF, 且BE＝5, CF＝2, 则BF的长为（）A. 5B. 3C. 2D. 1.55．将一副常规的三角尺按如图方式放置, 则图中的度数为（）A. B. C. D.第5题图第6题图第7题图6. 如图所示, △ABC≌△BAD, 点A与点B, 点C与点D是对应顶点, 如果∠DAB＝50°, ∠DBA＝40°, 那么∠DAC的度数为（）A. 5°B. 10°C. 40°D. 50°7．如图, 若, 则添加下列一个条件后, 仍无法判定的是（）A. B. C. D.8．如图, 、、分别是、、的中点, 若△BFD的面积是3, 则的面积是( )A. 6B. 18C. 24D. 12第8题图 第9题图 第10题图9. 如图, 点B.C.D 在同一直线上, AB CE, 若∠A ＝55°, ∠ACB ＝65°, 则∠1的值为（ ） A. 80° B. 65° C. 55° D. 60° 10.如图, 在平面直角坐标系中, 点A(2, 0), B(0,4), 若以B, O, C 为顶点的三角形与△ABO 全等, 则点C 的坐标不能为( )A.(-2,0)B.(0,-4)C.(2,4)D.(-2,4) 二、填空题（24分）11. 如图, 七边形ABCDEFG 的对角线共有 ________条.第11题图 第13题图 第14题图 12. 已知BD 是 的中线, , , 且 的周长为16, 则 的周长为________. 13. 如图, 是直角三角形, , 是 的高, , , , 则AD 的长为_______.14. 如图, 在△ABC 中, D, E 分别是边AB, AC 上一点, 将△ABC 沿DE 折叠, 使点A 落在边BC 上, 若∠A ＝60°, 则∠1+∠2+∠3+∠4＝______.15．如图, 点F 是△ABC 的边BC 延长线上一点, DF ⊥AB 于点D, ∠A ＝30°, ∠F ＝50°, ∠ACF 的度数是_____．第15题图 第16题图16. 如图, 一种测量工具, 点O 是两根钢条AC.BD 中点, 并能绕点O 转动.由三角形全等可得内槽宽AB 与CD 相等, 其中△OAB ≌△OCD 的依据是 （写出全等的简写）17．如图, ∠1, ∠2, ∠3是五边形ABCDE 的3个外角, 若 , 则 ________.第17题图 第18题图18. 如图, 方格纸中△ABC 的3个顶点分别在小正方形的顶点(格点)上, 这样的三角形叫格点三角形, 图中与△ABC 全等的格点三角形共有__________个(不含△ABC). 三、解答题（66分）19. （8分）如图, 已知: AD 是△ABC 的角平分线, CE 是△ABC 的高, ∠BAC ＝60°, ∠BCE ＝40°, 求∠GABCD EFB C DAADB 的度数.20.（8分）如图, D 是AC 上一点, AB=DA,DE ∥AB, ∠B=∠DAE,求证: BC=AE21. （8分）如图所示, AC=AE, ∠1=∠2, AB=AD. 求证: BC=DE.22.（8分）如图所示, 是 的角平分线, 是 的外角平分线, 、 交于点 , 若 , 求的度数.23. （8分）如图, 四边形ABCD 中, BC=CD, CB ⊥AB 于B, CD ⊥AD 于D, 求证: AB=AD.24. （8分）某建筑测量队为了测量一栋居民楼ED 的高度, 在大树AB 与居民楼ED 之间的地面上选了一点C, 使B, C, D 在一直线上, 测得大树顶端A 的视线AC 与居民楼顶端E 的视线EC 的夹角为90°, 若AB=CD=24米, BD=64米, 请计算出该居民楼ED 的高度.DE A B C25. （9分）将一个凸边形剪去一个角得到一个新的多边形, 其内角和为1620°, 求的值.26.（9分）如图, 在四边形ABCD 中, AD∥BC, ∠ABC=90°, AD=12, BC=24, 动点 P 从点 A 出发以每秒1个单位的速度沿 AD 向点 D运动, 动点 Q 从点 C 出发以每秒 2 个单位的速度沿 CB 向点 B 运动, P, Q 同时出发, 当点 P 停止运动时, 点 Q 也随之停止, 连接PQ, DQ.设点 P 运动时间为 t 秒, 问当 t 为何值时, △PDQ ≌△CQD , 并证明△PDQ ≌△CQD答案一、单选题1. 现有3cm、4cm、5cm、7cm长的四根木棒, 任选其中三根组成一个三角形, 那么可以组成三角形的个数是（）A. 4B. 3C. 2D. 1答案: B2．如图, 工人师傅在安装木制门框时, 为防止变形常常钉上两根木条, 这样做的依据是（）A. 三角形具有稳定性B. 两点之间, 线段最短C. 直角三角形的两个锐角互为余角D. 垂线段最短答案: A第2题图第3题图第4题图3. 如图, 在△ABC中, ∠1＝∠2, G为AD的中点, BG的延长线交AC于点E, F为AB上的一点, CF与AD垂直, 交AD于点H, 则下面判断正确的有（）①AD是△ABE的角平分线；②BE是△ABD的边AD上的中线；③CH是△ACD的边AD上的高；④AH是△ACF的角平分线和高A. 2个B. 3个C. 4个D. 1个答案: A4．如图, 若△ABC≌△DEF, 且BE＝5, CF＝2, 则BF的长为（）A. 5B. 3C. 2D. 1.5答案: D5．将一副常规的三角尺按如图方式放置, 则图中的度数为（）A. B. C. D.答案: D第5题图第6题图第7题图6. 如图所示, △ABC≌△BAD, 点A与点B, 点C与点D是对应顶点, 如果∠DAB＝50°, ∠DBA＝40°, 那么∠DAC的度数为（）A. 5°B. 10°C. 40°D. 50°答案: B7．如图, 若, 则添加下列一个条件后, 仍无法判定的是（）A. B. C. D.答案: C8．如图, 、、分别是、、的中点, 若△BFD的面积是3, 则的面积是( )A. 6B. 18C. 24D. 12答案: C第8题图第9题图第10题图9. 如图, 点B.C.D在同一直线上, AB CE, 若∠A＝55°, ∠ACB＝65°, 则∠1的值为（）A. 80°B. 65°C. 55°D. 60°答案: D10.如图, 在平面直角坐标系中, 点A(2, 0), B(0,4), 若以B, O, C为顶点的三角形与△ABO全等, 则点C的坐标不能为( )A.(-2,0)B.(0,-4)C.(2,4)D.(-2,4)答案: B二、填空题11. 如图, 七边形ABCDEFG的对角线共有________条.答案: 14第11题图第13题图第14题图12. 已知BD是的中线, , , 且的周长为16, 则的周长为________.答案: 1313．如图, 是直角三角形, , 是的高, , , , 则AD的长为_______．答案: 4.814．如图, 在△ABC中, D, E分别是边AB, AC上一点, 将△ABC沿DE折叠, 使点A 落在边BC上, 若∠A ＝60°, 则∠1+∠2+∠3+∠4＝______．答案: 240°15．如图, 点F是△ABC的边BC延长线上一点, DF⊥AB于点D, ∠A＝30°, ∠F＝50°, ∠ACF的度数是_____．答案: 70°第15题图第16题图16. 如图, 一种测量工具, 点O是两根钢条AC.BD中点, 并能绕点O转动.由三角形全等可得内槽宽AB 与CD相等, 其中△OAB≌△OCD的依据是（写出全等的简写）答案: SAS17．如图, ∠1, ∠2, ∠3是五边形ABCDE的3个外角, 若, 则________.答案: 210°第17题图第18题图18. 如图, 方格纸中△ABC的3个顶点分别在小正方形的顶点(格点)上, 这样的三角形叫格点三角形, 图中与△ABC全等的格点三角形共有__________个(不含△ABC).答案: 7三、解答题19. 如图, 已知: AD是△ABC的角平分线, CE是△ABC的高, ∠BAC＝60°, ∠BCE＝40°, 求∠ADB的度数.【解析】∵CE是△ABC的高∴∠BEC=90°△BEC为直角三角形∵∠BCE＝40°∴∠B=90°-∠BCE＝90°-40°=50°∵∠BAC＝60°, AD是△ABC的角平分线∴1302BAD BAC∠=∠=︒在△ADB 中, ∠ADB=180°-∠B-∠BAD=180°-50°-30°=100°20.如图，D 是AC 上一点，AB=DA,DE ∥AB, ∠B=∠DAE,求证：BC=AE 【解析】 ∵DE ∥AB∴∠EDA=∠CAB在△ADE 和△BAC 中EDA CAB DA AB DAE B ∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠⎩∴△ADE ≌△BAC(ASA) ∴AE=BC21. 如图所示, AC=AE, ∠1=∠2, AB=AD. 求证: BC=DE. 【解析】 ∵∠1=∠2∴∠1+∠EAB=∠2+∠EAB 即∠CAB=∠EAD 在△CAB 和△EAD 中AC AE CAB EAD AB AD ∠=∠⎧⎪∠=∠⎨⎪=⎩∴△CAB ≌△EAD(SAS) ∴BC=DE22.如图所示, 是 的角平分线, 是 的外角平分线, 、 交于点 , 若 , 求 .【解析】∵ACE A ABC ∠=∠+∠∵ ,∴12DCE A DBC ∠=∠+∠∵DCE D DBC ∠=∠+∠ ∴ , 即 . 【答案】35︒23. 如图, 四边形ABCD 中, BC=CD, CB ⊥AB 于B, CD ⊥AD 于D, 求证: AB=AD. 【解析】连接AC ∵CB ⊥AB, CD ⊥AD∴△CBA 和△CDA 为直角三角形 在Rt △CBA 和Rt △CDA 中AC AC BC DC =⎧⎨=⎩∴Rt △CBA ≌Rt △CDA (HL) ∴AB=AD24. 某建筑测量队为了测量一栋居民楼ED 的高度, 在大树AB 与居民楼ED 之间的地面上选了一点C, 使B, C, D 在一直线上, 测得大树顶端A 的视线AC 与居民楼顶端E 的视线EC 的夹角为90°, 若AB=CD=24米, BD=64米, 请计算出该居民楼ED 的高度.【解析】根据题意∠ABC=∠CDE=∠ACE=90°DEABC∴∠ACB+∠ECD=90°在Rt △ABC 中, ∠ACB+∠CAB=90° ∴∠CAB=∠ECD 在△ABC 和△CDE 中CAB ECD AB CDABC CDE ∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠⎩∴△ABC ≌△CDE(ASA) ∴BC=DE∵BC=BD-CD=64-24=40 ∴DE=4025. 将一个凸 边形剪去一个角得到一个新的多边形, 其内角和为1620°, 求 的值. 【解析】分三张情况,（1）剪去一个角后得到的新多边形边数少1, 如图所示：(3)1801620n -⋅︒=︒解得n=12（2）剪去一个角后得到的新多边形边数不变, 如图所示:(2)1801620n -⋅︒=︒解得n=11（3）剪去一个角后得到的新多边形边数多1, 如图所示:(21)1801620n -+⋅︒=︒解得n=10所以n 的值为12, 11或1026.如图, 在四边形ABCD 中, AD ∥BC, ∠ABC=90°, AD=12, BC=24, 动点 P 从点 A 出发以每秒1个单位的速度沿 AD 向点 D 运动, 动点 Q 从点 C 出发以每秒 2 个单位的速度沿 CB 向点 B 运动, P, Q 同时出发, 当点 P 停止运动时, 点 Q 也随之停止, 连接PQ, DQ 。

八年级上数学第一单元测试卷（一）班级： 姓名： 学号：一．选择题（每小题3分，共30分）1．如图，两只手的食指和拇指在同一个平面内，它们构成的一对角可看成是（ ） （A ）同位角 （B ）内错角 （C ）对顶角 （D ）同旁内角2．如图，直线a //b ，∠1=60°，则∠2的度数为（ ） （A ）120°（B ）30°（C ）60°（D ）100°3．如图，直线1l ∥2l ，∠1=40°，∠2=75°，则∠3等于（（A ）55° （B ）60° （C ）65° （D ）70°4．如图，已知AB ∥CD ,BC 平分∠ABE ,∠C =34°,则∠BED 的度数是( )（A ）17°（B ）34°（C ）56° （D ）68° 5．下列说法错误的是（）（A ）同旁内角互补，两直线平行（B ）两直线平行，内错角相等 （C ）同位角相等（D ）对顶角相等 6．平行线之间的距离是指（）（A ）从一条直线上一点到另一条直线的垂线段 （B ）从一条直线上一点到另一条直线的垂线段的长度 （C ）从一条直线上一点到另一条直线的垂线的长度（D ）从一条直线上一点到另一条直线上的一点间线段的长度 7．已知∠1和∠2是同旁内角，∠1=40°，则∠2是（） （A ）160° （B ）140° （C ）40° （D ）无法确定 8．下列图形中，由AB CD ∥，能得到12∠=∠的是（ ）9．一架飞机向北飞行，两次改变方向后，前进的方向与原来的航行方向平行，已知第一次向左拐50°，那么第二次向右拐---------------------------------------（）A CB D1 2 A CB D1 2（A（B12 ACB D（C B D C A （D12第1题l1 l2 1 2 312ab 第2题 第3题 AD第4题（A ）40° （B ）50° （C ）130° （D ）150° 10.如图，有一块含有45°角的直角三角板的两个顶点放在直尺的对边上.如果∠1＝20°，那么∠2的度数是（） （A ）30°（B ）25° （C ）20°（D ）15°二．填空题（每小题3分，共30分） 11．平行线之间的距离处处． 12．如图, ∠1的同位角是．13．如图，a ∥b ，若∠2＝140°，则∠1＝_______度.14．如图，已知AB //CD ，∠A =∠B =90°，AB =3cm ，BC =1cm ，则AB 与CD 之间的距离为cm ． 15．如图，∠1=∠2，∠3=89°，则∠4=． 16．如图，一个合格的弯形管道，经过两次拐弯后保持平行（即AB ∥DC ）．如果∠C =60°，那么∠B 的度数是________．17.如图，ED ∥AB ，AF 交ED 于点C ，∠ECF =138°，则∠A =______度．18．如图所示，直线a ∥b ．直线c 与直线a ，b 分别相交于点A 、点B ，AM b ⊥，垂足为点M ，若158∠=︒，则2∠= _________． 19.如图，AB //CD ，直线EF 与AB 、CD 分别相交于E 、F 两点，EP 平分∠AEF ,过点F 作FP ⊥EP ,垂足为P ，若∠PEF =30°,则∠PFC =__________． 20.已知三条不同的直线a ，b ，c 在同一平面内，下列四个命题： ①如果a ∥b ，a ⊥c ，那么b ⊥c ; ②如果b ∥a ，c ∥a ，那么b ∥c ； ③如果b ⊥a ，c ⊥a ，那么b ⊥c ； ④如果b ⊥a ，c ⊥a ，那么b ∥c ．21第10题2 l 1 a b 第14题 1 23 4 5 a b c第12题第13题 234 1 第15题第16题第17题第18题30PFE B A C D 第19Mb acA B 12其中正确的是．（填写所有正确的命题的序号）三．解答题（共40分）21．已知，如图，∠1＝∠2，CF ⊥AB ，DE ⊥AB ，说明：FG ∥BC .解：∵CF ⊥AB ，DE ⊥AB （已知） ∴∠BED ＝90°，∠BFC ＝90°（ ） ∴∠BED ＝∠BFC ∴ED ∥FC （） ∴∠1＝∠BCF （）又∵∠1＝∠2（已知）∴∠2＝∠BCF∴FG ∥BC （）22．如图，D 、E 分别是AC 、AB 上的点，∠ADE =40°，∠C =40°，∠AED =80°（1） DE 与BC 平行吗？请说明理由；（2） 求∠B 的度数。