2020考研英语语法：主动句变被动句

20个主动句变被动句主动句：She wrote the letter. 被动句：The letter was written by her.主动句：He is cooking dinner. 被动句：Dinner is being cooked by him.主动句：They have finished the project. 被动句：The project has been finished by them.主动句：He will teach the class. 被动句：The class will be taught by him.主动句：She gave me the book. 被动句：The book was given to me by her.主动句：He can fix the car. 被动句：The car can be fixed by him.主动句：They should clean the house. 被动句：The house should be cleaned by them.主动句：She is reading a book. 被动句：A book is being read by her.主动句：He has bought a new car. 被动句：A new car has been bought by him.主动句：They are painting the walls. 被动句：The walls are being painted by them.主动句：She will cook dinner. 被动句：Dinner will be cooked by her.主动句：He gave her a gift. 被动句：A gift was given to her by him.主动句：They can fix the problem. 被动句：The problem can be fixed by them.主动句：She should finish the report. 被动句：The report should be finished by her.主动句：He is driving the car. 被动句：The car is being driven by him.主动句：They have booked a hotel. 被动句：A hotel has been booked by them.主动句：She will sing a song. 被动句：A song will be sung by her.主动句：He gave the keys to her. 被动句：The keys were given to her by him.主动句：They are building a house. 被动句：A house is being built by them.主动句：She can speak French. 被动句：French can be spoken by her.。

由于在英汉两种语⾔当中都有主动和被动两种语态，在英译汉时，⼈们常常会简单地认为只要按照原句的语态处理就⾏了。

事实上并⾮如此。

在英语中被动语态的使⽤频率要远远⾼于汉语。

如果⼀味按照英语的语态来翻译，往往会使译⽂显得⼗分别扭，带有明显的翻译腔，甚⾄出现⽂理不通的情况。

⼀、主动句转换成被动句 There are more than60,000 prosecutions a year for shoplifting. 参考译⽂:每年有六万多⼈因在超市偷窃⽽被起诉。

⼆、被动句转换成主动句 1.转换成含被动义的主动句 汉语译⽂的句型从形式上看是主动语态，但其中被动的含义不⾔⽽喻。

在翻译英语被动句时，⼀般不⽤改变原句的结构，直接译出即可。

If understanding prevails, UNCTAD is in a position to replace confrontation with agreement; it cannot be put off. 参考译⽂:若能普遍形成谅解，联合国贸发会议就能⽤协议取代对抗；这项⼯作不能再拖延下去了。

2.转换成带表语的主动句 英语中许多表⽰某种结果或状态的被动结构⼀般应转换成汉语的系表结构，把原句中的有关状语或施事⽅移到汉语的表语之中。

A dialect is known by every linguist in this room. 参考译⽂:有⼀种⽅⾔是在座的每⼀位语⾔学家都懂得的。

3.转换成⽆主句⽆主句是汉语特有的句⼦形式，其作⽤和效果相当于英语中⽆施事⽅的被动句，因⽽可以⽤来翻译某些英语被动形式。

It must be admitted that only when we get a taste of its abuse will we feel the full meaning of cloning. 参考译⽂:必须承认，只有当我们尝到克隆被滥⽤的恶果之后，我们才会彻底明⽩其价值所在。

语态转换理解考研语态转换的原则和实例语态是英语中的一个重要语法概念，它主要分为主动语态和被动语态。

在考研英语中，语态转换是一个常见的题型，要求考生根据给定的句子，将其改写成相应的语态。

本文将介绍语态转换的原则和实例，并且以实例来解释原则，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握语态转换。

一、语态转换的原则在进行语态转换时，需要考虑以下原则：1. 主动语态转被动语态：将主动的动作承受者放在句子的前面，即成为句子的主语；动词变为被动形式，be动词根据主句的时态和语态进行变化。

2. 被动语态转主动语态：将句子中的被动动词还原为主动形式，即成为句子的谓语动词；如果有需要，则加上合适主语。

3. 转换时保持句意的一致性：语态转换后，句子的主干内容和含义不能改变。

二、语态转换实例以实例来说明语态转换的原则：1. 主动语态转被动语态原句：They built a new bridge across the river.被动语态：A new bridge was built across the river by them.解析：在原句中，主语是"They"，动词为"built"。

按照原则1，将动作承受者放在句子的前面并成为主语，同时将动词的形式改为被动形式"was built"，并根据主句的时态和语态确定be动词的形式。

最后，加上介词"by"以表示动作的执行者。

2. 被动语态转主动语态原句：A new book was given to him by his teacher.主动语态：His teacher gave him a new book.解析：在原句中，主语是"A new book"，动词为"was given"。

按照原则2，将句子中的被动动词"was given"还原为主动形式"gave"，同时加上合适的主语"his teacher"。

如何把主动语态转换为被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。

其中主动语态表示主语执行动作，被动语态表示主语承受动作。

那么，怎样把主动语态转换为被动语态呢？1. 先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其谓语动词；2. 把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词时，应把宾格变为主格；3. 把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”结构，但时态不能改变；4. 把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时可略去“by + 宾语”)，若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变为宾格。

友情提示：1. 如果主动语态中含有动词短语变为被动语态时，不可丢掉短语末尾的介词或副词。

如：You can look up this word in the dictionary. →This word can be looked up in the dictionary.2. 使役动词make, have及感官动词see, hear, watch, feel等后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态变为被动语态时，动词不定式的符号to还要加上去。

如：The boss made them work for 16 hours a day. →They were made to work for 16 hours a day (by the boss).We saw them work in that workshop. →They were seen to work (by us) in that workshop.3. 如果主动语态的句子中含有双宾语变为被动语态时，有两种方法：①将指人的间接宾语作被动语态的主语时，要将人称代词宾格变为人称代词主格，指物的直接宾语保留不变；②将指物的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语保留不变，但要在其前加介词for或to。

英语语法：主动语态变被动语态的一些方法主动语态变被动语态的方法1. 基本方法将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语)：He stole our money.→Our money was stolen by him.【注】(1)若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常能够省略：The house was built in 1978. 这座房子是1978年建的。

(2) 在转变语态时，要注意保持两种语态时态的一致性：The students will study the problem.→The problem will be studied by the students.A friend of ours is repairing the roof.→The roof is being repaired by a friend of ours.2. 双宾动词的被动语态双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，有以下两种情形值得注意：(1) 有些双宾动词(如award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell等)在变为被动语态时，既可把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语)，也可把直接宾语(指事物) 变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for，与所搭配的动词相关)。

比较：He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。

→ She was given some money. / Some money was given to her.He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一快表。

→ A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch.(2) 有些双宾动词(如bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等)通常用直接宾语(指事物)作被动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词to或for)：Father made me a doll. → A doll was made for me.He wrote her a letter. → A letter was written to her.(3) 有些双宾动词(如answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare等)通常用间接宾语(指人)作被动语态的主语，而将直接宾语用作保留宾语：He answered me that question. → I was an swered that question by him.3. 含有情态动词的被动形式若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词，在相对应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词，其结构为“情态动词+be(或be的适当时态形式)+过去分词”：Everyone must know this. →This must be known by everyone.请看以下带情态动词被动句实例：This can’t be done in a short time. 这不是短期内能够完成的。

主动语态变被动语态的几个特例一、含有双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，多数将主动句中的间接宾语变为被动句的主语，直接宾语作保留宾语；也可将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语作保留宾语，但这时保留宾语前多加介词to或for。

如：He gave me a new watch.→1) I was given a new watch.2) A new watch was given to me.二、含有复合宾语且宾语补足语是名词的句子变为被动语态时，只能将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，宾补不可变为主语。

如：They call me Jim.→I am called Jim.(不可说：Jim is called me.)三、主语为疑问词的疑问句变为被动语态时，用“By+疑问词（宾格）”置于句首。

如：Who broke the glass?→By whom was the glass broken?四、祈使句变为被动语态时，要改为“Let +原宾语+be+过去分词”。

如：Close the window.→Let the window be closed.五、带宾语从句的复合句变为被动语态时，多用it作形式主语置于句首，原宾语从句成为真正主语（从句），从句中也需用被动语态。

如：People said that Lin Feng could take good care of the baby.→It was said that the baby could be taken good care of by Lin Feng.六、含有谓语动词know的主动句变为被动语态时，不用by短语，需by改为to。

如：We all know the scientist.→The scientist is known to us all.七、no one、nobody等否定代词作主语的句子变为被动语态时，谓语动词用否定式，不再用原主语，但可加上byanyone、byanybody等短语。

主动语态变被动语态的方法一、主动语态和被动语态概说英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。

被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成：Everybodylikeshim.大家都喜欢他。

(主动语态)Heislikedbyeverybody.他受到大家的喜欢。

(被动语态)二、主动语态变被动语态的方法1.主动语态变被动语态的基本方法将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语)：Hebrokethecup.→Thecupwasbrokenbyhim.【注意】若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略：Hewasbornin1986.他生于1986年。

Whatisthisflowercalled这种花叫什么花2.双宾动词的被动语态双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，通常是把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语)：Heansweredmethatquestion.→Iwasansweredt hatquestionbyhim.有的动词则通常把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for，与所搭配的动词有关)：Hewroteheraletter.→Aletterwaswrittentoher.(与动词write搭配用介词to)Shemadehimanewcoat.→Anewcoatwasmadeforhim.(与动词make搭配用介词for)有时以上两种方式均可用：Hegavehersomemoney.他给她一些钱。

→Shewasg ivensomemoney./.他给她买了一块表。

→Awatchwasboughtforher./.被动语态的时态被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”中的动词be来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：(1)一般现在时的被动语态：am[is,are]+过去分词Englishistaughtinourschool.我们学校学英语。

被动语态讲解（1）主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：初中被动语态语法讲解主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：1、把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语2、把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。

3、原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。

4、其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。

(一) 语态分类英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

如：They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。

(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。

一般现在时：am / is / are + done一般过去时：was / were + done一般将来时：shall / will + be done一般过去将来时：should / would + be done现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done过去进行时：was / were + being + done现在完成时：have / has + been + done过去完成时：had + been + done将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态1. 一般现在时：(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.(2)The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.2. 一般过去时：(1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.(2)The students didn't forget his lessons easily.His lessons were not easily forgotten3. 一般将来时：(1)They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.(2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.4. 过去将来时：(1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. (2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.5. 现在进行时：(1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons.English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.(2) We are painting the rooms.The rooms are being painted.6. 过去进行时：(1)The workers were mending the road.The road was being mended.(2)This time last year we were planting trees here.Trees were being planted here this time last year.7. 现在完成时：(1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.(2)He has brought his book here.His book has been brought here.8. 过去完成时：(1)When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.(2) The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People had considered him to be a great leader.He had been considered to be a great leader(四）含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。

考研英语翻译中的语态转换由于在英汉两种语言当中都有主动和被动两种语态，在英译汉时，人们常常会简单地认为只要按照原句的语态处理就行了。

事实上并非如此。

在英语中被动语态的使用频率要远远高于汉语。

如果一味按照英语的语态来翻译，往往会使译文显得十分别扭，带有明显的翻译腔，甚至出现文理不通的情况。

一、主动句转换成被动句There are now more than60,000prosecutions a year for shoplifting.译文：每年有六万多人因在超市偷窃而被起诉。

二、被动句转换成主动句转换成含被动义的主动句汉语译文的句型从形式上看是主动语态，但其中被动的含义不言而喻。

在翻译英语被动句时，一般不用改变原句的结构，直接译出即可。

(1)If understanding prevails,UNCTAD is in a position to replace confrontation with agreement;it cannot be put off.(2)Most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily,only the question of when the transplanting will take place remains to be considered.译文：（1）若能普遍形成谅解，联合国贸发会议就能用协议取代对抗；这项工作不能再拖延下去了。

（2）大部分问题已圆满解决，只剩下何时进行该移植手术问题有待讨论。

转换成带表语的主动句英语中许多表示某种结果或状态的被动结构一般应转换成汉语的系表结构，把原句中的有关状语或施事方移到汉语的表语之中。

A dialect is known by every linguist in this room.译文：有一种方言是在座的每一位语言学家都懂得的。

转换成无主句无主句是汉语特有的句子形式，其作用和效果相当于英语中无施事方的被动句，因而可以用来翻译某些英语被动形式。

英语语法：主动语态与被动语态的转换规则一、主动语态和被动语态概说英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。

被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成：Everybody likes him. 大家都喜欢他。

(主动语态)He is liked by everybody。

他受到大家的喜欢.（被动语态）二、主动语态变被动语态的方法1。

主动语态变被动语态的基本方法将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语（在被动句中用作状语）：He broke the cup. → The cup was broken by him。

【注意】若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常能够省略:He was born in 1986. 他生于1986年。

What is this flower called？这种花叫什么花？2。

双宾动词的被动语态双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词,它们在变为被动语态时，通常是把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语,而把直接宾语（指事物)保留下来（称为保留宾语):He answered me that question. → I was answered that question by him.有的动词则通常把直接宾语(指事物）变为被动语态的主语,而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语（到底用to还是for，与所搭配的动词相关）：He wrote her a letter. → A letter was written to her. (与动词write 搭配用介词to）She made him a new coat。

→ A new coat was made for him. （与动词make搭配用介词for）有时以上两种方式均可用：He gave her some money。

以下是20个英语主动变被动语态的例句：1.I wrote a letter.（我写了一封信。

）改写为：A letter was written by me.2.They are building a bridge.（他们正在修建一座桥。

）改写为：A bridge is being built by them.3.He is planting trees in the garden.（他正在花园里种树。

）改写为：Trees are being planted in the garden by him.4.The doctor will operate on the patient tomorrow.（医生明天将对病人进行手术。

）改写为：The patient will be operated on tomorrow by the doctor.5.We have finished the work.（我们已经完成了工作。

）改写为：The work has been finished by us.6.She is painting a picture.（她正在画一幅画。

）改写为：A picture is being painted by her.7.They will put up a statue of him in the town square.（他们将在城镇广场为他树立一座雕像。

）改写为：A statue of him will be put up in the town square by them.8.He is making a speech at the conference.（他在会议上发表演讲。

）改写为：A speech is being made at the conference by him.9.They are going to take part in the competition.（他们打算参加比赛。

主动语态变被动语态的方法1. 基本方法将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语)：He stole our money.→Our money was stolen by him.【注】(1)若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略：The house was built in 1978. 这座房子是1978年建的。

(2)在转变语态时，要注意保持两种语态时态的一致性：The students will study the problem.→The problem will be studied by the students.A friend of ours is repairing the roof.→The roo f is being repaired by a friend of ours.2. 双宾动词的被动语态双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，有以下两种情形值得注意：(1)有些双宾动词(如award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell等)在变为被动语态时，既可把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语)，也可把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for，与所搭配的动词有关)。

比较：He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。

→ She was given some money. / Some money was given to him.He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一快表。

→ A watch was bought for h er. / She was bought a watch.(2)有些双宾动词(如bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等)通常用直接宾语(指事物)作被动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词to或for)：Father made me a doll. → A doll was made for me.He wrote her a letter. → A letter was written to her.(3)有些双宾动词(如answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare等)通常用间接宾语(指人)作被动语态的主语，而将直接宾语用作保留宾语：He answered me that question. → I was answered that question by him.3. 含有情态动词的被动形式若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词，在相应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词，其结构为“情态动词+be(或be的适当时态形式)+过去分词”：Everyone must know this. →This must be known by everyone.请看以下带情态动词被动句实例：This can’t be done in a short time. 这不是短期内可以完成的。

2020考研英语：作文八大语法结构考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：作文八大语法结构”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取的考试资讯!2020考研英语：作文八大语法结构一、主动句变被动句“英文多被动，汉语多主动”，还需要警惕名词与动词之间暗含的“主被动”关系。

Eg1: It is said that …据说/相传Eg2：I suggest that … It is suggested that …Eg3：Effective measures should be taken before things get worse.表建议Eg4: your prompt attention to my enquiry would be highly appreciated. 表感激Eg5：Students should study hard.Students are expected / well-advised to study hard.二、简单句变从句名词性从句，含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种定语从句状语从句A. 主语从句：Eg1：What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.Eg2：It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it为形式主语that从句为真正主语)B.宾语从句：Eg1：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.Eg3：明智的人不为别人的想法所影响。

句型转换的规则句型转换是英语语法中的一个重要内容，它指的是通过改变句子结构或使用不同的句型表达相同的意思。

在句型转换中，我们需要遵循一些规则和原则，以确保句子的意思准确传达，同时让句子更富有变化和表现力。

一、主动和被动句的转换主动句是以主语作为动作的执行者的句子，而被动句则是强调动作的接收者。

在主动句和被动句之间转换时，我们需要注意以下几点规则：1. 将主动句转换为被动句时，将动作的执行者变为句子的主语，原主语变为动作的接收者；2. 将被动句转换为主动句时，将动作的接收者变为句子的主语，原主语变为动作的执行者。

例子：主动句：The boy kicked the ball.被动句：The ball was kicked by the boy.被动句：The book was written by the author.主动句：The author wrote the book.二、陈述句、疑问句和祈使句的转换陈述句是用于陈述事实或观点的句子，疑问句用于提问，祈使句用于表示请求或命令。

在这三种句型之间的转换中，我们需要注意以下规则：1. 陈述句转疑问句时，将句首的动词提到主语之前，并在句末加上问号；2. 疑问句转陈述句时，将句首的助动词或情态动词放到句末，并去掉问号；3. 祈使句转陈述句时，改变动词形式，通常使用动词原形。

例子：陈述句：She is reading a book.疑问句：Is she reading a book?祈使句：Read a book.疑问句：Did you eat breakfast?陈述句：You ate breakfast.祈使句：Close the door.陈述句：The door is closed.三、直接引语和间接引语的转换直接引语是对他人的原始话语的直接引述，间接引语则是将他人的话转述。

在直接引语和间接引语之间的转换中，我们需要遵循以下规则：1. 把直接引语中的引号去掉，并改变动词的时态与人称；2. 在间接引语中，需要使用连接词或转述动词引导，并根据需要进行时态和人称的变化。

2020考研英语：主动句变被动句考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：主动句变被动句”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语：主动句变被动句语态是动词的一种形式,它旨在用来阐述主语和谓语之间的关系。

语态分为主动语态和被动语态两种。

正确使用被动语态,了解主动句和被动句的转换是关键所在。

那接下来就跟随中公考研小编来具体看一下怎么进行主动变被动的转换。

一、句子结构的比较要注意主动语态与被动语态句子在结构方面的区别。

主动语态中，主语是动作的发出者(执行者);而在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者(接受者)。

比较下面一般过去时的两个例子：Tom broke the window.(主动语态)① ② ③The window was broken by T om.(被动语态)③ ② ①通过以上对比可以看出，主动语态中的主语Tom在被动语态中变成了by Tom.主动语态中的宾语the window 变成了被动语态中的主语。

而谓语部分由主动句中动词的过去时变成了被动句中的be动词 +动词的过去分词。

同样，其它各种时态的被动语态以及情态动词被动语态的教学也可通过上述方法进行。

二、句子意义表达的比较被动语态句子和主动语态句子在意义表达方面的侧重点是不一样的。

我们可以通过下面的例子来看看：Children love these songs. (主动语态)孩子们喜欢这些歌曲。

These songs are loved by children. (被动语态)这些歌曲受到孩子们的喜爱。

第一句的侧重点在“人”，即某人怎样;第二句的侧重点在“事”，即某事如何。

三、各种时态被动语态的比较我们知道，被动语态是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。

人称、数和时态的变化是通过be 的变化来体现的。

下面以do 为例来比较一下各种时态以及情态动词被动语态的构成：一般现在时:am/is /are+done一般过去时：was /were+done一般将来时：will/shall be+done现在进行时：am/is /are being+done过去进行时：was/were being+done现在完成时：have/has been +done情态动词：情态动词 be + done通过比较我们可以更清楚地了解各种时态的被动语态的构成，从而更好地把握和运用被动语态，尤其是在句型转换练习中。

2020考研英语写作：主动变被动基本原则考研写作作为考研英语第二大高分值题型，一直是我们广大考生不可忽视的重要题型，自然也是我们准备的重点。

由于中英文之间存在的差异性，比如中文偏重主动语态，英文偏重被动语态，这种语言上存在的差异会给大家写作带来许多困惑。

因此，给大家总结一下主动变被动句型的基本原则，供广大考生借鉴参考。

主动语态变被动语态的基本方法将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语)，如：主动句为 He finished the task. 变为被动句就变成了The task was finished by him. 除此之外，被动语态的构成，有时被动语态直接由由be动词+过去分词构成，省略介词by比如：eg 1. Everybody likes the cute girl. 大家都喜欢这个可爱的女孩。

(主动语态)The cute girl is liked . 这个可爱的女孩受到大家的喜欢。

(被动语态)主动句可以转换成两种被动句型，它们通常是一些表示客观说明的句子，如：Eg 2. People believed that the old man is innocent. 大家相信那个老人是无辜的。

Its believed that the old man is innocent.. 大家相信那个老人是无辜的。

The old man is believed to be innocent. 大家相信那个老人是无辜的。

比较上面两类被动句型可以发现，一类是it+be+过去分词+that从句，另一类则是主语+be+过去分词+不定式，通常可用于这两类被动句型的动词有suppose, think, understand, assume, believe, expect, presume, report, say, fear, feel, know,等，如： Its known that she is a kind girl. =She is known to be a kind girl.大家知道她是个善良的女孩。

关于主动句变被动句英语语法解析英语栏目为大家提供“关于主动句变被动句英语语法解析”，希望对大家有所帮助。

主动句变被动句第一种是时态不能改变;第二种是变为被动语态后，谓语动词要和被动语态的主语在人称、数上保持一致。

还要作如下变动：把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语;主动语态的主语放在by的后面，组成介词短语，再把这个介词短语放在被动语态的谓语动词之后。

在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时，by短语可以省略。

例如：They will open a new supermarket there soon. 他们很快将在那里开办个新超市。

A new supermarket will be opened there soon. 一个新超市不久将在那里开办。

Somebody has warned us to be careful of rats. 有人警告我们要当心老鼠。

We have been warned to be careful of rats. 我们受到警告，要当心老鼠。

The doctor gave two lectures in English. 那位医生用英语讲了两次课。

Two lectures were given by the doctor in English. 由那位医生用英语讲了两次课。

如果主动语态有两个宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)，变为被动语态时，可将其中任何一个宾语变为主语，另一个不变。

但较常见的是将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语。

We have given him a job. 我们已给了他一个工作。

He has been given a job. (变间接宾语为主语)A job has been given (to) him. (变直接宾语为主语)被动语态1、make, watch, see, notice, hear, feel等使役动词和感官动词的宾语后面可以接不带to的不定式作宾补。

主动句变被动句Document serial number【UU89WT-UU98YT-UU8CB-UUUT-UUT108】主动句变被动句被动语态由“be+done”构成。

不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be 的变化上，同时be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。

在将主动语态变为被动语态时，可按以下三个步骤：a.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

b.把谓语变成被动结构(be＋done) ，并根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。

c.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时，by短语可以省略。

例如：1. We speak Chinese. →Chinese is spoken by us.2. All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people.3. They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory.含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语，另一个宾语仍保留在原处。

一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变；另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人)不变，这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to，有时加for。

例如：My father gave me a new book on my birthday.→I was giv en a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语)→A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语)常跟双宾语的动词有：give sb. sth. / give sth. to sb. show sb. sth. / show sth. to sb.send sb. sth. / send sth. to sb. bring sb. sth. / bring sth. to sb.pass sb. sth. / pass sth. to sb. lend sb. sth. / lend sth. to sb.buy sb. sth. / buy sth. for sb. make sb. sth. / make sth. for sb.get sb. sth. / get sth. for sb. sing sb. sth. / sing sth. for sb.含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋done”构成，例如：We can repair this watch in two days. →This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once. →It should be done at once.含有感官动词的主动句变被动句时，原来不带to的感官动词变成被动语态后，to 仍要还原，例如： He saw a girl play in the next room. →The girl is seen to play by him in the next room.We hear our teacher sing in the office. →Our teacher is heard to sing in the office.练习: 将下列句子变为被动语态：1. We often sing this song._____________________________________________________________ 2. He broke his leg in the match.______________________________________________________________ 3. She will sell her house soon.______________________________________________________________ 4. He is repairing the machine.______________________________________________________________ 5. He has finished his work.______________________________________________________________ 6. We call him Lao Wang._____________________________________________________________ 7. We must do something to help her._____________________________________________________________ 8. What did you say at the meeting_____________________________________________________________ 9. He gave me some old magazines.______________________________________________________________ 10. He told me to wait at the gate.______________________________________________________________。

【考研英语】语法：主动句变被动句的技巧
主动句变为被动句需要遵循的4个步骤：
1 、把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。

2、把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。

3、原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。

4、其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。

情态动词的被动语态：
一、理解含情态动词的被动语态的概念含情态动词的被动语态说明某个被动性动作所反映出的感情和态度。

二、掌握含情态动词的被动语态的不同句式的变换方法含情态动词的被动语态的疑问句、否定句的变化均借助于情态动词完成。

（一）一般疑问句直接将陈述句被动语态中的情态动词提前。

（二）特殊疑问句由疑问词加上一般疑问句被动语态构成。

（三）反意疑问句借助情态动词构成附加疑问部分。

（四）否定句在情态动词后面加上“not”或“never”即可，但“must”表“必要”时否定式为“needn't”。

三、含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答应保留原情态动词，但“must”表“必须”时，其否定回答应用“needn't”、“need”表“必要”时，其肯定回答应用“must”。

主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。

英语语法：主动语态变被动语态常见错误1-4前几期我们学习了英语语法：进行时态1-4、进行时态5-10、be 的一般式表示完成意义、完成时常用表达法1-3、完成时常用表达法4-7、since表示时间，谓语动词的时态、语态的基本概念与被动语态、被动语态的使用场合。

这一期，我们学习英语语法：主动语态变被动语态常见错误1-4。

语态2.4 主动语态变被动语态常见错误（1）误用语态。

比如：Children often sing this song.孩子们经常唱这首歌。

错误：This song was often sung bychildren.正确：This song is often sung by children.解析：由主动语态变为被动语态，只是谓语动词从主动式到被动式的转变，时态不能改变，即主动句用什么时态，变为被动句时还要用同一种时态。

（2）误用句子种类。

比如：Do they make those bikes in their workshop?他们在车间生产自行车吗?错误：Thoseb ikes are made in their workshop.正确：Are those bikes made in their workshop?解析：主动语态变被动语态，句子的种类（陈述句、否定句、疑问句）不能改变。

如果主动句是一般疑问句，变为被动句时，也要用一般疑问句形式。

（3）错选宾语。

比如：The teacher gave some advice to the student.老师给学生一些意见。

错误：The student was given some advice to by the teacher.正确：Some advice was given to the student by the teacher.解析：the student是介词to 的宾语。

变为被动语态时不能作为句子的主语，应把紧跟在谓语后的宾语（some advice）变为句子的主语。