状语从句
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状语从句一、状语从句的定义、功能、分类定义:在复合句中作状语的从句。
功能:状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词,形容词或副词,或整个主句。
若去掉状语,句子从语义和语法上都是一个完整的句子,状语从句是一个句子作状语,同理,去掉状语从句的主句从语义和语法上都是一个完整的句子。
分类:按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。
位置:从句的位置放在句首,也可放在句末。
放在句首时,从句后面常用一个逗号,放在句末时,从句前一般不用逗号。
二、九种常见状语从句用法(一)时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词1)基本类:before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once、as soon as, etc.2)名词类:the moment ,the minute, the second, the instant, etc. (一…就…); every time, each time, next time, the last time, the first time, by the time, the day, the year, the morning, etc.3)副词类:immediately, directly, instantly, etc. (一...就...)4)句型类:no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…, etc. (一…就…)例句:Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives. 他一到就告诉他我要见他。
The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.The moment he saw me, he ran away. 他一看见我,就跑了。
八种状语从句状语从句在句中作状语,修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词等。
按其作用和意义可分为时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、比较八种。
下面对这八种从句的要点加以总结。
一、各类状语从句的引导词及易混词的区别。
1. 时间状语从句1) 引导词(1)表示“当……时候”:when, while, as, whenever(2)表示“一……就……”:as soon as(3)其它:after, before, since, until, by the timeWhenever he comes, he brings a friend. 他每次来都带个朋友。
I want to see him as soon as he arrives. 他一来我就要见他。
I went to bed after I finished my homework. 我做完家庭作业之后才睡觉。
2) 易混引导词when, while, as 的区别when既可指“时间点”,与瞬时动词连用,也可指“时间段”,与延续性动词连用(这时可与while互换)。
如:When he came in, his mother was cooking. 他进来时,他妈妈正在烧饭。
When(While)we were at school, we went to the library every day. 我们在校求学时,每天都到图书馆去。
while 只表示时间段,因此while从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。
Please don' t talk so loud while others are talking. 别人在工作时,切勿大声讲话。
as 与when 用法相似,但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生,有“随着……”或“一边……一边……”之意。
She sang as she went along. 她边走边唱。
As you get older, you get more knowledge.随着年龄的增长,你获得的知识就越多。
状语从句的特殊用法大全1. 条件状语从句条件状语从句用于表示条件,常与if、unless等连词一起使用。
在条件状语从句中,可以使用一般现在时或一般将来时表示将来的条件,也可以使用虚拟语气表示与事实相反的条件。
例如:If you study hard, you will pass the exam.(如果你努力学习,你会通过考试的。
)If I were you, I would choose a different career.(如果我是你,我会选择一个不同的职业。
)2. 目的状语从句目的状语从句用于表示目的,常与so that、in order that等连词一起使用。
在目的状语从句中,可以使用情态动词may、can、will等表示可能性或意愿。
例如:She studied hard so that she could get a good job.(她努力学习是为了找到一份好工作。
)3. 结果状语从句结果状语从句用于表示结果,常与so、such等连词一起使用。
在结果状语从句中,可以使用so、such等词修饰形容词或副词,表示结果的程度。
例如:He was so excited that he couldn't sleep.(他太激动了,以至于无法入睡。
)4. 地点状语从句地点状语从句用于表示地点,常与where、wherever等连词一起使用。
在地点状语从句中,可以使用陈述句或虚拟语气,表示具体地点或可能性。
例如:Go where you want to go.(去你想去的地方。
)5. 时间状语从句时间状语从句用于表示时间,常与when、whenever等连词一起使用。
在时间状语从句中,可以使用一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时等表示具体时间或时间顺序。
例如:When you are ready, we can start.(当你准备好了,我们就可以开始。
)6. 让步状语从句让步状语从句用于表示尽管有困难或反对,但仍然坚持做某事。
状语从句一.状语从句的定义:在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句,状语从句一般分为九大类:时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句让步状语从句1.时间状语从句:在时间状语从句中,要注意时态一致,一般情况下主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时。
可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多,根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系,又可分类如下:(1)表示同时性,即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。
其连词有:when (当……的时候), while(当……的时候), as(当……的时候), once (一旦……)as soon as(一……就……), the time(当……的时刻), the moment(当……的时刻),by the time(到……时候为止), next time(下次), the first time(第一次……的时候), the last time(上次……的时候),immediately(一……就……), instantly(一……就……),directly (一……就……)以下关联词引起的句子中,前面常用过去完成时,后面用一般过去时hardly /scarcely…when…(刚……就……), no sooner…than…(刚……就……)(2)表示先时或后时,即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后。
主要连词有:after(在……之后,before(在……之前), when(=after)等。
如:After / When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.孩子睡觉了以后她开始备课。
(从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前,所以从句用了过去完成时)He had learned English for three years before he went to London. 他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。
状语从句的种类
状语从句是用来修饰主句的一种从句,它能充分描述事物发生的时间、条件、原因、让步等状态,使句子变得生动、形象。
根据状语从句的意义,可以将状语从句分为八种:
一、时间状语从句
时间状语从句在主句中用来表示事物发生的时间,它比一般状语从句更为完整,无论是常用的词或者时间状语从句均能将事情发生的时间表示出来,常用的连接词有: when, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until, by then, by the time, by the year等。
地点状语从句可以表示事物发生的地点,常用的连接词有: where, wherever。
原因状语从句在主句中用来表示事情发生的原因,常用的连接词有: because, now that, as, since, due to, owing to, for。
方式状语从句用来描述事物的发生方式,常用的连接词有: as, like, such as。
高考英语语法复习:八种状语从句的用法状语从句状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、方式、结果、条件、让步等八种。
一、时间状语从句:引导词有after,before,as,once,since,till,until,when,whenever,while,as soon as,the moment/minute…(一…就),the time,the day,every time,next time,each time,by the time of,no sooner…than(一…就),hardly…when(一…就).例如:Each/Every time he comes here,he will drop in on me.每次他来这儿他都顺便看我.He was ill last time I saw him.上次我见到他时他病了.No sooner had she heard the news than she cried.她一听到这个消息就哭了.[辨析]when与whilewhen引导的从句动词可以是延续性的或短暂性的,while引导的从句中动词必须是延续性的;在“be…when…”句式中when表“at that time(就在这时)”意,这样用的when不能换为while;while有时并不表示时间,而表示对比,意“而”、“却”,when无这样的用法。
例如:When I got home I found the door locked./While(或When)we were working in the fields,it suddenly began to rain./He was wandering through the streets when a bike hit him./His pencil is red,while mine is yellow.[辨析]till与until一般情况下可以互换,但until可以位于句首,till则不能。
状语从句的定义1、状语从句又称为状语性从句,是一种用来修饰句子成分(主要是表语、状语、宾语以及定语)的从句。
它的作用是起到充当状语的作用,用来表示状态、条件、原因、时间、让步、地点、方式、结果等,它一般位于句中的句首、句末或句中,有时还放在句子的中间。
2、状语从句可以用关系副词(when、where、why、how等)或关系代词(that、which、who等)来引导,其中关系副词引导的状语从句又可以称为副词性状语从句,而关系代词引导的状语从句可以称为代词性状语从句。
3、副词性状语从句主要有时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果等状语从句,常用的副词有when、where、why、how等,而代词性状语从句则有性质、数量、原因、时间等状语从句,常用的代词有that、which、who、whom等。
4、时间状语从句是最常见的一种状语从句,通常用when、while、as、since、until等引导,它主要用来表示句子发生的时间,例如:I will go there when it is time。
5、地点状语从句也是常见的一种,通常用where引导,它主要用来表示句子发生的地点,例如:I live in a place where there is nopollution.6、条件状语从句是一种用来表示条件的状语从句,通常用if或unless引导,例如:I will go there if it is time。
7、原因状语从句是一种表示原因的状语从句,通常用because或since引导,例如:I'm late because I missed the bus.8、让步状语从句是一种表示让步关系的状语从句,通常用though、although、even though等引导,例如:Although it is late, I'm still going there.9、目的状语从句是一种表示目的的状语从句,通常用so that引导,例如:I will go to bed early tonight so that I can get up early tomorrow.10、结果状语从句是一种表示结果的状语从句,通常用so…that或such…that引导,例如:I was so tired that I fell asleep at once.。
状语从句九大类型及例句一、时间状语从句1、从句中常用引导词:When, after, before, as, as soon as, till, until, while 等。
2、例句:When we got home, dinner was ready.二、条件状语从句1、从句中常用引导词:If, unless, provided, on condition that, as/so long as等。
2、例句:I will go out with you if you promise to be back by 10.三、地点状语从句1、从句中常用引导词:Where, wherever等。
2、例句:Where there's a will, there's a way.四、原因状语从句1、从句中常用引导词:Because, since, as, now that, now that等。
2、例句:He can't work since he is ill.五、结果状语从句1、从句中常用引导词:So that, so..that, such...that, that等。
2、例句:They worked so hard that they succeeded in the end.六、让步状语从句1、从句中常用引导词:Though, although, even though, whatever, whichever等。
2、例句:Though it rained heavily, the sports meeting went on.七、比较状语从句1、从句中常用引导词:Than, as, as...as, not so...as等。
2、例句:You ought to work harder than you do now.八、方式状语从句1、从句中常用引导词:As, as if, as though, like等。
状语从句(一)时间状语从句1.when, while, as的区别(1)when主句和从句中的动作或事情可以同时发生,也可以先后发生。
例如:When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(2)while ,主句中的动作与从句中的动作同时发生。
Please don’t talk so aloud while others are working.(3)as I saw him as he was getting off the bus.2.一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句the minute, the moment, the instant, every time, the last time, every time。
如:The first time I got to the island, I was amazed by its beauty.The moment I entered the room, I smelled something usual.Every time I visit him, he is always reading.3.directly和immediately“一……就……”,相当于the moment/the instant和as soon as。
I knew something was wrong directly I arrived.The boys did all sorts of mischief immediately my back was turned.4.before 和afterbefore 引导的从句的动作通常发生在主句动作之后,如果从句是过去时,主句一般要用过去完成时或一般过去时。
after引导的从句动作通常发生在主句动作之前,如果主句要用过去时,从句则要用过去完成时或一般过去时。
The plane had taken off before he arrived at the airport.After he had lived in the south for nearly 20 years, he decided to go to seek his fortune in the north. 5.no sooner...than 和hardly (scarcely)... when意为“一……就……”。
主句动词用过去完成时。
如果no sooner, hardly 或scarcely位于句首,主句要倒装。
No sooner had he entered the house than it began to rain.He had hardly gone to bed when the telephone rang.6.till 和until“直到……”,句首只能用until。
在肯定句中,主句要用延续性动词;在否定句中,主句要用非延续性动词,这时until和before同义。
Until they had finished the work, they did not go home.7. It 与before, since, when引导的时间状语从句连用时的区别:(1)It is/has been+时间段+since ... 自从……以来已有多长时间了。
(2)It is/was+时间点+when ... “当……的时候,是……”。
(3)It be +时间段+before ... “要过多久、过了多久……才”。
How long is it since we met last time?It was a lready midnight when I got home.It was not long before she got married and moved to Japan.(二)地点状语从句地点状语从句用where, wherever引导Where there is a will, there is a way.Wherever they went, they received a warm welcome.(三)原因状语从句原因状语从句用because(因为),since(既然), as(由于)引导1、由why提问必须用because回答。
since, as不回答why的提问,而且从句一般放在句首,because一般放在主句之后。
2、because of +名词Because of the rain, we didn’t go to the park.3、because 和so不可连用,只能选其一。
(另有although, but)Why didn’t he come to school? Because he was ill.Since I must die, I must. 既然我一定要死,我一定这样做。
4、for并列连词,不能放在句首,主要放在两个并列句之间。
for所提供的理由为一个补充说明,而且前面常有逗号隔开。
The days are short, for it is December now.(四)目的状语从句目的状语从句用so(常用于口语), that, so that, in order that引导目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。
We’ll sit never to the front so we can hear better.They hurried to the station in order that they could catch the train.(五)条件状语从句1.if 和unlessif 表示正面的条件,意为“如果”,unless表示反向的条件,意为“除非,如果不”。
If you’ve got exams tomorrow, why aren’t you studying?The sports meet will begin tomorrow unless it rains.【专家提醒】条件状语从句中常用一般时表示将要发生的动作。
2. providing, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that), as long as, so long as, on condition that 和in case这些连词(词组)意思相近,有“如果,只要,假如,假使,在……条件下”等意思。
Supposing (that) you fail a second time, don’t get disappointed, but try again.On condition that the liquid is cooled still further, it will turn to a solid.。
3.only if和if onlyonly if 引导的从句用陈述语气,意为“只要”; if only引导的从句要用虚拟语气,意为“但愿……”,“要是……就好了”。
only if you have persistence, can you achieve great success.。
If only I had wings, I would be able to travel around the world easily.(六)结果状语从句结果状语从句由such…that, so…that, so that, that 引导1. such… that 的常用句型such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+thatsuch +形容词+可数名词单数+thatsuch+形容词+可数名词复数(不可数名词)+that注意so many (much, few, little) +名词,such a lot of (或lots of)+名词是惯用法。
She is such a beautiful girl that we all like her.It was such delicious food that they ate it up.2. so+形容词或副词+thatso+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+thatHe is so rich that he can buy lot of things for himself.It was so hot a day that we all went swimming.It was such a good day that we all went swimming.3. so that, that都可以引导结果状语从句He didn’t study hard, (so) that he failed the exam.4. too…to, enough…to 可以引导结果状语从句与so…that 替换She is so young that she can’t go to school./She is too young to go to school.She isn’t old enough to go to school.(七)让步状语从句1.让步状语从句可由although,though,as,while,even if(though),whatever,whether...or...,no matter who (when,what...)等引导。
Although/Though she works very hard,(yet) she makes very slow progress.Whenever I’m unhappy(=No matter when I’m unhappy),it is my friend who cheers me up.【专家提醒】however引导让步状语从句时,与它所修饰的词一起放在句首。
2.as引导的让步状语从句的常见的几种倒装方式(1)如果从句的谓语部分为“不及物动词+副词”时,常将从句中的副词提到从句的句首。
Hard as you may try,you will not succeed.(2)如果从句的谓语部分为“情态动词+不及物动词”,常将这个不及物动词提到从句的句首。
Wait as you may,he will not see you.(3)如果从句的谓语部分是“系动词+单数名词”,则常将这个作表语的名词提前,但这个名词前面的不定冠词要省略。
Child as he is,he can tell right from wrong.3.while作“尽管”讲引导让步状语从句时往往放在句首While I understand your viewpoint,I don’t agree with you.(八)方式状语从句1.as 和just as“如……;犹如……,正如……”。