2016上海交大附中11月周高三英语试题

一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Garbage sorting has become a hot issue around China, especially after Shanghai began carrying out a regulation on July 1.Beijing, as a forerunner in environmental protection, has thus been expected to follow suit. The capital of the country has long been campaigning for sorting and recycling household waste, as part of its environmental drive for sustainable growth, local media reported.The current regulation gives garbage sorting responsibilities to government departments, property management groups and other organizations. It also gives rules for companies, outlining how they're responsible for waste collection, transportation and treatment. Only individuals are not subject to responsibilities.The long-awaited revision will soon change the situation, "Taking out the trash without sorting it properly will be illegal," said Sun Xinjun, director of the Beijing Commission of Urban Management. In Shanghai, violators are now fined up to 200 yuan ($30)for trash-sorting violations. The maximum fine in Beijing will not be less than that, he said.The Beijing city government first set out to promote garbage sorting in 2009. Authorities have since called on citizens to sort their household waste into four types-recyclable waste, kitchen trash, dangerous waste and others-and leave it in a corresponding dustbin or trash can. Blue-colored dustbins signify items within are recyclable, green represents kitchen trash, red corresponds to dangerous materials and grey to other waste.To promote the awareness of garbage sorting and expand the base of participants, authorities have employed workers to help residents on the spot. With intelligent devices, those who throw in recyclable waste at given sites will be rewarded with bonus points, which can be used to buy daily goods. At some communities, there are no color-coded dustbins. Instead, a scheduled garbage collection service is offered to help improve the environment. In other communities, workers offer a door-to-door service to collect recyclables or kitchen waste.Beijing Environmental Sanitation Engineering Group has been promoting new garbage sorting facilities such as recycling cabinets and smart kitchen waste trash cans since 2016, Xinhua News Agency reported. Nearly 26,000 metric tons of household waste is generated across Beijing on a daily basis and 29 terminal garbage disposal facilities are working at full capacity. Nearly 9.3 million tons of household waste was processed in the city last year.（1）According to the passage, which dustbins should some used coke cans be thrown into?A. Grey-colored dustbins.B. Red-colored dustbins.C. Green-colored dustbins.D. Blue-colored dustbins.（2）We can learn from the passage that ________.A. new technology has been applied to help deal with garbageB. Beijing carried out a more severe rule on garbage sorting than ShanghaiC. the change of the current regulation has aroused objection among citizensD. the amount of household waste in Beijing is far from something disturbing（3）What is the best title for the text?A.How to Sort Garbage in ChinaB.The Current Regulation in BeijingC.Garbage Collection in BeijingD.Waste Recycling Project Counts（4）The passage can be sorted as ________.A.a book reviewB.a travel brochureC.an environment reportD.a geography essay【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了垃圾分类在北京的实施情况。

建平中学$交大附中2016学年十月联合月考卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection A (10%)Directions: After reading the sentences or passages below, fill in the blanks to make the sentences or passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each other.The world’s (1)__________(famous)heart surgeon,the Egyptian Professor,Sir Magdi Yacoub,has transplanted more hearts than anyone else.To the countless people whose lives he has transformed and saved,he is a hero.Professor Yacoub (2)_____________(inspire) in his work by his father,who was a general surgeon.Now 66 years old,professor Yacoub still retains his energy and extraordinary enthusiasm for his career.For 43 years,he has dealt with desperate patients(3)__________combination pf poor diet,inactive lifestyle and stress overload have caused them to ask for his help.(4)_________ ___________all these experiences,he is very aware of the role of good nutrition and regular exercise in maintaining good health.He eats very well and swims early each morning.Professor Yacoub’s life is always hectic(狂热的).(5)____________a donor heart has suddenly been found,then an operation has to take place quickly.He works long hours;he says there are no regular hours for a heart surgeon,as the surgery _________take place when it needs to be carried out.For relaxation, professor Yacoub enjoys (7)___________(garden) even grows orchids,One dream of his is to go to the Amazon one day(8)________(see) the rare plants there.He is patron of the Chain of Hope charity,which aims to take medical expense to the developing world.Specialist teams give their time free and travel all over the world to places such as Mozambique and Jamaica to train local surgeons in techniques that (9)________ (save) lives .This charity also brings needy children to the West (10)___________necessary heart surgery.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.(A)Valuable By-Products of Space ResearchResearch that went into developing the highly specialized technology for space travel has resulted in many unexpected 21 applications back on earth. Out of the engineering that produced rocket motor, space suits, and other necessities of space flight came by products that no one had anticipated. Equipment and 22 designed for use in medicine, industry, and the home, these valuable by products of space research, called spin offs, have improved the quality of life on earth in many ways.Some of the best-known examples of spin-offs from space research are found in hospitals and doctors' offices. One such example is the sight switch, which was originally developed to allow astronauts to control their spacecraft without using their hands. It is now used by 23 people to operate devices using eye movements.Doctors have also benefited from the technology required to make electronic instruments small enough and durable enough for trips into space. From this technology have come hearing aids the size of an aspirin and television cameras small enough to be 24 to a surgeon's head to give medical students a close-up view of an operation.Biotelemetry, which was developed to 25 the physical signs of astronauts by checking their temperature, brain-wave activity, breathing rate, and heartbeat, offers doctors a new means of monitoring hospital patients. Biosensors attached to the body send data by wire or radio. This information is displayed on 26 for doctors to analyze.One of the most valuable 27 of aerospace technology to industry is a management technique called the systems approach. With the aid of computers, this technique brings together all the elements of a complex project, including people, money, and materials, to assure that everything is completed at the optimum time. It has been applied to a variety of situations 28 to space exploration. Among them are cancer research, hospital design, city planning, crime detection, pollution control, building construction, and transportation.The experience gained from developing NASA spacesuits was applied to the process of designing clothing for use in other 29 . Firefighters now have lighter and special fire blocking materials that are more 30 to cracking and burning. Spacers used for cushioning in moon boots were adapted for use in athletic shoes that are designed to reduce fatigue and injury.(B)If your parents take out a loan, remind them to make the payments on time. Otherwise it will become a(n) 31 record in their personal credit reports, which are playing a(n) 32 big role in people's daily lives. A story carried by Chongqing Morning Post in June, 33 this trend.According to the report, a Chongqing student borrowed money from the bank to 34 his university studies. After he graduated in 2005, he went to work in Shenzhen. Later, he wanted to buy a house using loans. But several banks turned down his loan 35 . The reason was that he had not paid back 1,500 yuan he borrowed from a bank when he was at university.A personal credit rating is becoming a(n) 36 “pass” in everyday life, as China establishes a nationwide credit database. Personal credit systems go back 150 years. In developed countries, enterprises and banks use them to decide whether or not to loan money or do other business with a person.A credit report 37 the credit worthiness of an individual, a company, or even a country. It is a(n)38 made by credit bureaus of a borrower's overall credit history and his or her ability to repay debt. A poor credit rating means a high risk of defaulting on a loan, and thus leads to the 39 of a loan by the lender.Today in China, credit history in banks is the major 40 of a credit report. But in the future, reports will include information about the payment of telephone bills, water use fees, electricity and natural gas bills, and taxes, according to officials of the People's Bank of China, the central bank.The secrets of long lifeA long healthy life is no accident. It begins with good genes, but it also depends on good ___41___. So what’s the formula for success? In a recent study, scientists have focused on groups living in several refions where exceptional longevity is the norm: Sardinia, Italy, Loma Linda, California, and the islands of Okinawa, Japan.SardiniansWhy do they live so long? __42__ is part of the answer. By 11 a.m. Tonino has already milked four cows, chopped wood and walked four miles with his sheep. Now, taking the day’s first break, he gathers his grown children, grandson, around the kitchen table. Giovanna, his wife, unties a handkerchief containing a paper-thin flatbread called carta da musica, pours some red wine, and cut slices of homemade cheese.These Sardinians also benefit from their __43__ history. According to Paolo Francalacci of the University of Sassari, 80 percent of them are __44__the first Sardinians, who arrived in the area 11,000 years ago. Genetic traits made stronger over generations may favor longevity. __45__, too, is a factor.The Sardinians diet is loaded with fruits and vegetables, milk and milk products, fish and wine. Most of these items are homegrown.AdventistsThe study found that the Ad ventists’ habit of consuming beans, soy milk, tomatoes, and other fruits __46__their risk of developing certain cancers. It also suggested that eating whole wheat bread, drinking five glasses of water a day, and, most __47__, consuming four servings of nuts a week reduced their risk of heart disease. And it found that not eating red meat had been helpful in avoiding both cancer and heart disease.OkinawansThe first thing you notice about Ushi Okushima is her __48__. It fills the room with pure joy. This rainy afternoon she sits comfortably wrapped in a blue kimono. Her thick hair is combed back from her suntanned face, revealing alert green, eyes. Not long ago, she started wearing perfume. When asked about the perfume, she __49__that she has a new boyfriend.__50__behavior for a young woman, perhaps, but Ushi is 103.With an average life expectancy of 78 years for men and 86 years for women, Okinawans are among the world’s longest lived people. This is undoubtedly due in part to Okinawans warm and __51__ climate and scenic beauty. Senior citizens living in these islands tend to enjoy years __52__disabilities. Okinawans have very low rates of cancer and heart disease compared to American seniors.A lean diet of food grown on the island and a philosophy of __53__--- may also be a factor. “eat until your stomach is80 percent full.” may also be factors. Ironically, this healthy way of eating was born of __54__.Ushi Okushima grew up barefoot and poor, her family grew sweet potatoes, which formed the core of every meal. During World War II, when the men of the island joined the army, Ushi and her friend Setsuko fled to the center of the island with their children. “We __55__ terrible hunger,” Setsuko re calls.（B）In today's American society, background checks have become a routine part of hiring process. Employers use them to assess ___56____ workers, judging whether they are qualified for the posts. Through background checks, employers can also make sure that the information applicants provide is ____57___, which suggests the applicants' moral quality.Then what do background checks investigate? Many ____58___ a review of the employee's___59____ history trying to confirm whether the employee has ever been fired or forced to resign. Employers also pay attention to the length of unemployment, afraid that long-time absence from___60____ may bring negative influence to the employee's performance. Sometimes, an applicant's residential history is also an issue. Jobs with state or local governments often require that the employee live in certain areas, ___61____the chances for them to have contact with ill-intentioned people. Besides, living near the work place is always ___62____as it saves time and fares on transportation. Another item which can't be ____63___ is the applicant's criminal history --- whether he has ever been arrested or put into prison. Although __64__ offences like traffic ticketing or queue jumping are usually pardoned, breaking a criminal law is rarely spared and, in most cases, is sure to result in the____65___ of the employment. Then comes the social history. A background check that involves the applicant's social history is generally needed for government posts or employment in finance and law industries that require greater self-dicipline. A small mistake in these ____66___ may result in huge loss. The investigation usually checks drug use, family relationships and social contacts, in order to avoid ___67____someone unsuitable for the posts. Background investigators who look into social history may interview neighbors and professional references recognized by the applicant.Finally in the field of education background, an application form may ask for copies of licenses or university diplomas to show the applicant's __68__ performances. In many instances, an education background check is so particular about ____69___ that investigators even confirm the date on which the employee earned his degree to determine if it ___70____ the information the employee provided on his application.56. A.efficient B.special C.potential D.ordinary57. A.truthful B.adequate C.meaningful petitive58. A.explain B.imply C.describe D.include59. A.health B employment C.study D.finance60. A.work B.school C.family cation61. A.standing B.reducing C.promoting D.offering62. A.difficult B.impossibleC.welcomeD.flexible63. A.developed B.estimated C.included D.neglected64. A.reasonable B.normal C.minor D.easy65. A.ending B.spreading C.continying D.protecting66. A.degrees B.checks C.contacts D.posts67. A.omitting B.rejecting C.hiring D.rewarding68 A.professional B.academic C.social D.athletic69. A.scores B.interests C.behaviors D.details70. A.refers to B.agrees with C.keeps up D.brings aboutBiology may not be everything, but genes apparently have a far greater influence on human behavior than is commonly thought. Similarities ranging from hobbies to bodily gesture are being found in pairs separated at birth. Many of these behaviors are “things you would never think of looking at if you were going to study the genetics of behavior,” says psychologist Thomas J. Bouchard, Jr. , director of the Minnesota Center for Twin and Adoption Research at the University of Minnesota.Bouchard reports that so far, exhaustive psychological tests and questionnaires have been completed with approximately 50 pairs of identical twins reared apart, 25pairs of fraternal twins reared apart and comparison groups of twins reared together. “We were amazed at the similarity in posture and expressive style,” says Bouchard. “It’s probably the feature of the st udy that’s grabbed us the most.” Twins tend to have similar mannerisms, gestures, speed and tempo in talking, habits and jokes. Many of the twins dressed in similar fashion--one male pair who had never previously met arrived in England sporting identical beards, haircuts, glasses and shirts.The most striking example of common psychopathology(精神病理学），however, came from a pair of twinsraised apart. One had been reared by his own(poor) family the other had been adopted into a “good solid upper-middle-class family.”Both are now considered to be antisocial personalities, suffering from lack of impulse co ntrol, and both have criminal histories. Although the twins share, on average, 50 percent ot their genes, Bouchard suggests that the overlap is probably considerably more with this pair.Personality similarities between the identical twins raised apart are almost the same as they are with identical twins raised together, according to the results of a test developed by University of Minnesota psychologist Auke Tellegen. His personality questionnaire contains scales such as “social closeness,””harm avoidance”and”well-being.”The researchers were especially surprised to find that”traditionalism”--a trait implying conservatism and respect for authority--can be inherited. In fact, says Bouchard, his and other studies have found about 11 personality traits that appear to have significant genetic input.Overall, the emerging findings of the Minnesota study constitute a powerful disproof of those who maintain that environmental influences are the primary shaping forces of personality. The textbooks are going to have to be rewritten, Bouchard predicts.80.Why does Bouchard say these behaviors are “things you would never think of looking at if you were going to study the genetics of behavior?”A. These behaviors seemed too unimportant for scientists to observe.B. These behaviors seemed too intimate to allow scientists to observe them.C. Psychologists assumed these external characteristics could not be biologically based.D. Psychologists assumed the causes of these behaviors were too complicated for current methods of observations.81.The word “identical”(in para.3) most probably means________.A. fashionableB. alikeC. complexD. identified82.According to the passage, Auke Tellegen agrees that _______________.A.some textbooks on genes and behavior will be rewritten quite soon.B.people’s behaviors and personalities depend at large on their genesC.his personality questionnaire can indicate people’s 11 personality traitsD.the environmental influences have great effect on peopl e’s personalities81.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.Twins generally share the same hobbies and gestures if they are raised apart.B.Genes have a greater influence on human behavior than is commonly thought.C.People from upper-middle-class family are the same as those from poor family.D.Twins tend to dress in similar fashion even when brought up in different families.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used onlySports stars have a natural advantageScientists have identified the clear biological advantages that give the world’s sporting champions a head start in life before they have even begun their rigorous training programmes.The coach for the French Olympic team says:” we measure special attributes between the ages of 16 and 18. But only one in 10,000 people has the physical aspects needed to compete at the very top level in sporting events. _82____ . We take into account the height, strength and endurance of a person. We also regard mental application as important, how an individual reacts when the competition gets really tough.”Scientists say that medical evidence is playing an increasingly important role in the selection of athletes. A study of the 40-year dominance of Kenyan runners in long distance athletic events has revealed that 45 percent of them come from the Nandi tribe. What is remarkable is that this tribe makes up only 3 percent of the Kenyan population.__83_____. Athletic organizations consider these genetic factors a good indicator when selecting sthletes to produce superior running performances.__84____. For example, David Beckham’s bandy legs have been partly credited with helping to put a spin on the football when he takes a free kick for England. Other biological characteristics are more measurable. The Americantennis player, Andy Roddick, has the fastest serve in the game. He is able to arch his back so much that it increases the rotation of his arm to 130 degrees. This is 44 percent better than the average professional player and this allows them to drive the ball over the net at 240 kilometers per hour. Michael Phelps, the 14-times Olympic swimming champion has over-sized feet which act like flippers to propel him through the water.__85_____. Mia Hamm, probably the best all-round woman footballer in the world, produces less than one liter of sweat an hour when doing vigorous exercise, which is half the human average. When it comes to speed, take the example of woman racing driver, Liz Halliday. A normal person would take 300 milliseconds to make a reactive decision. She can do it in 260 milliseconds. It may not sound much quicker but at top race speeds, this makes a difference of three car lengths.The difference between success and failure is very small and all these biological factors are crucial in finding future champions.Hitting the right buttonIt has been found that in some countries,achievement in some subjects at school is not always good for boys as it is girls.It is possible that using computers may be a way to solve this problem.Many boys seem to have a natural liking for computers,but it can often be hard to leave the screen and concentrate on the work the teacher wants them to do.As computers are becoming more and more important in the world of education today,it is natural to assume that computers can help greatly with boys who do not do too well at school and need to raise their general educational standards.Many boys appear to be more confident than girls in using it.and they need to use computers more frequently ,especially at home.Researchers at universities now think that it could be a really good way of re-engaging under-achieving boys in the learning process,and teachers have indicated that it does work.They have found that,although lots of boys do not seem to like writing in the classroom,when they use a computer they are more wiling to compose longer pieces of writing and use different styles.The issue of unintelligible handwriting is no longer a problem,either,as the neatness and presentation standards rise when boys use a computer to print out their work.Many boys welcome the “hands on” approach of computer,However,researchers and teachers need to be careful th at boys don’t just “cut and paste”things that they have found on the internet, but haven’t read,and hand it in as a completed assignment.Some boys overestimate how good they are and think they can do things without any effort.They need to develop proper research skills and make their written work more structured.Other boys take short cuts,or look at internet sites they haven’t been asked to look at.They may not plan or think carefully about their work,or they may try to finish their work quickly.This tendency is not going to be completely cured by using computers.One way to get boys to concentrate properly on the work they have been asked to do may be to encourage them to use their computers at home.However,they also need to be set tasks that are interesting and relevant to them.As in all things,the interaction between the pupil,the teacher and the computer is crucial.Translation:1.你知道如何给别人留下美好的印象吗？（leave）2.知道那时我才意识到我也许是最后知道这件事的人。

2016年上海市建平中学、交大附中高三上英语第一次月考(word版可编辑修改)编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2016年上海市建平中学、交大附中高三上英语第一次月考(word版可编辑修改)）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为2016年上海市建平中学、交大附中高三上英语第一次月考(word版可编辑修改)的全部内容。

建平中学＄交大附中2016学年十月联合月考卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection A (10%)Directions：After reading the sentences or passages below, fill in the blanks to make the sentences or passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each other.The world’s （1）__________(famous)heart surgeon,the Egyptian Professor,Sir Magdi Yacoub，has transplanted more hearts than anyone else。

To the countless people whose lives he has transformed and saved，he is a hero。

上海交通大学附属中学2010-2011学年度第一学期高三英语11月月考试卷（满分150分，120分钟完成。

答案一律写在答题卡、答题纸上）命题：戴峰审核：韩立新第I卷(共105分)I . Listening Comprehension (30)Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what is said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a car shop. B. At a garage. C. In a parking area. D. In a car showroom.2. A. The meeting started earlier. B. His ear was broken.C. He met with a traffic jam.D. He lost his way.3. A. Change his address. B. Mail some letters.C. Deliver some telegrams.D. Call the post office.4. A. He wrote it last semester. B. He'll finish it in a few minutes.C. He never does assignments early.D. He isn't going to write it.5. A. Boss and secretary. B. Coach and athlete.C. Doctor and patient.D. Teacher and student.6. A. 10:00. B. 10:10. C. 10:20. D. 10:30.7. A. It's better than it used to be. B. It's not as good as it was.C. It's better than people say.D. It's even worse than people say.8. A. Because she has walked a long distance.B. Because she is tired out.C. Because she is all wet.D. Because she is careless.9. A. Rewrite the paper. B. Ask the woman to do some typing.C. Read the newspaper again.D. Check the paper for mistakes.10. A. A rent increase. B. A bargain. C. A salary cut. D. A vacation trip.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Two inches. B. Fifteen inches. C. Twenty-four inches. D. One foot.12. A. NearDenver. B. InFlorida.C. In the desert Southwest.D. Along the Gulf coast.13. A. Hot. B. Cool. C. Warm. D. Cold.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Eighty years. B. Forty years.C. Thirty-five years.D. Fifty-three years.15. A. She lost her record. B. She didn't stop at a red light.C. She saw a red light.D. She stopped at a red light.16. A. Because she was too old.B. Because she didn't look at the traffic light.C. Because she wanted to break her record.D. Because her eyes had become too weak to see the red light.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary ( 25)Section A (16)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. A row of palm trees and _____ waterfall feature lead to ______ entrance to the museum — built on a private, man-made island on the harbour.A. a; theB. the; anC. a; anD. the; the26. Major blueberry production states include Maine, New Jersey, North Carolina and Florida ______ the East Coast; Michigan ______ the Midwest; and Oregon, Washington and California along the West Coast.A. in; inB. along; onC. on; inD. on; on27. Another concern is health care. Nearly half ofIndia's children under the age of five______ malnourished.A. isB. has beenC. areD. have28. ―Hit‖ also joins with ______ words to create many colorful expressions. _______ is ―hit the road‖. It means to travel or to leave a place, as suggested in _______ song, "Hit the Road."A. another; This; thisB. the other; One; thatC. others; It; oneD. other; One; this29. Apple's new chief, Tim Cook, will also have to deal with the new Kindle Fire tablet computer from . It costs ____________ an iPad but also does less.A. half less than as much asB. less than as half much asC. half as much as less thanD. less than half as much as30. We‘ve been through so much together and here we are right back _______ we started20 years ago --- older, wiser --- with wrinkles on our faces and hearts.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where31. The molecule has four branches ______ act as wheels, rotating ______ a tiny metal tip applies a small current to them.A. which; thatB. that; thatC. when; thatD. that; when32. ______ a smoker -- twenty or thirty times a day -- takes a cigarette pack out of his pocket, we want to make sure that ______ it's showing is the harm that can be caused from tobacco.A. Every time that; whatB. Every time; all whatC. Every time; allD. That; what33. Over the years, Westlife has become so much more to us than just a band that we would like to thank our fans who ________ with us on this amazing journey and are part of our family too.A. areB. are beingC. have beenD. will be34. Regardless of whether one system is considered better or worse than another,_______ a different way of education can often be considered to be the most important, enriching element of an international learning experience.A. experiencedB. to experienceC. experiencingD. experience35. Adding the technology to a new kitchen could add a(n) ________ ten to twenty percent to the building costs.A. having estimatedB. estimatingC. estimatedD. estimate36. _________ women who drank one cup of caffeinated coffee or less per week, those who consumed two to three cups per day had a 15% lower risk of developing depression.A. Comparing toB. Comparing withC. Compared toD. Compared with37. She donated her body to medical science, _________ her brain and other organs, as well as her entire genetic code.A. to allow doctors studyingB. allowed doctors to studyC. allowing doctors to studyD. allowed doctors studying38. ----- You could have walked to school; you live so near.----- Yes. A taxi _______ at all necessary despite the heavy rain.A. wasn‘tB. hadn‘tC. wouldn‘t beD. won‘t39. In this case, British protesters say the Italian and Portuguese construction workers ata refinery inLincolnshireare taking jobs that Britons _________ , but were not .A. should have offeredB. should be offeredC. should offerD. should have been offered40. Often children get cabin fever if they cannot go outside to play, _________.A. so their parents doB. so do their parentsC. nor their parents canD. nor can their parentsSection B (9)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. The fruit, known as a peppercorn when dried, is ____41_____ 5 millimetres (0.20 in) in diameter, dark red whenfully mature, and, like all drupes, contains a single seed. Peppercorns, and the____42____ pepper derived from grinding them, may be described simply as pepper, or more ____43____ as black pepper, white pepper, or green pepper. Green peppercorns are simply the ____44____ black peppercorns.Black peppers are native toIndiaand are extensively ____45____ there and elsewhere in ____46____ regions. CurrentlyVietnamis by far the world's largest producer and____47____ of pepper, producing 34% of the world's Piper nigrum crop as of 2008. Dried ground pepper has been used since antiquity for both its flavor and as a medicine. Black pepper is the world's most ___48____ spice. It is one of the most common spices added to European cuisine and its descendants. The spiciness of black pepper is due to the chemical piperine. It may be found on nearly every dinner table in the industrialized world, often ___49____ table salt.III. Reading Comprehension (50)Section A (15)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Businesses are structured in different ways to meet different needs.The simplest form of business is called a(n) ____50____ or sole proprietorship. The proprietor owns all of the property of the business and is responsible for everything. For legal purposes, with this kind of business, the owner and the company are ____51____. This means the proprietor gets to keep all of the profits of the business, but must also pay any debts.Another kind of business is the ____52____. Two or more people go into business together.A ____53____ is usually needed to decide how much of the partnership each person controls. One kind of partnership is called a limited liability partnership. These have full partners and limited partners. Limited partners may not share as much in the profits, but they also have ____54____ responsibility for the business. Doctors, lawyers and accountants often form partnerships to share their ____55____ and profits. A husband and wife can form a business partnership together. Partnerships exist limitedly only for as long as the owners remain alive. The same is true of individual proprietorships. However, corporations are designed to have a(n) ___56_____ lifetime. A corporation is the most complex kind of business organization. Corporations can sell stock as a way to___57____ money. Stock ____58____ shares of ownership in a company. Investors who buy stock can ____59____ their shares or keep them as long as the company is in business.A company might use some of its earnings to pay dividends as a(n) ____60____ to shareholders. Or the company might ____61____ the money back into the business. Ifshares lose value, investors can lose all of the money they paid for their stock. But shareholders are not responsible for the ____62____ of the corporation.A corporation is recognized as an entity -- its own legal being, separate from its owners. A board of directors controls corporate policies. The directors ____63____ top company officers. The directors might or might not hold shares in the corporation. Corporations can have a few major shareholders. Or ownership can be spread among the general public. But not all corporations are ____64____ businesses that sell stock. Some nonprofit groups are also organized as corporations.50. A. unit B. individual C. group D. class51. A. different B. opposite C. the same D. contrary52. A. collaboration B. partnership C. cooperation D. ownership53. A. contest B. contrast C. contract D. contact54. A. different B. less C. the same D. more55. A. money B. benefits C. bankruptcy D. risks56. A. short B. long C. unlimited D. limited57. A. assign B. earn C. raise D. rise58. A. represents B. presents C. purchases D. accounts59. A. exchange B. purchase C. maintain D. trade60. A. award B. reward C. assignment D. salary61. A. transfer B. invest C. deposit D. send62. A. debts B. improvement C. profits D. benefits63. A. appoint B. design C. charge D. control64. A. normal B. traditional C. profit D. regularSection B (30)Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Some of the most exciting information comes by way of the grapevine.That is so because reports received through the grapevine are supposed to be secret. The information is all hush hush. It is whispered into your ear with the understanding that you will not pass it on to others.You feel honored and excited. You are one of the special few to get this information. You cannot wait. You must quickly find other ears to pour the information into. And so, the information - secret as it is – begins to spread. Nobody knows how far.The expression by the grapevine is more than one hundred years old. The American inventor, Samuel F. Morse, is largely responsible for the birth of the expression. Among others, he experimented with the idea of telegraphy – sending messages over a wire by electricity. When Morse finally completed his telegraphic instrument, he went before Congress to show that it worked. He sent a message over a wire fromWashingtontoBaltimore. The message was: "What hath God wrought?" This was on May twenty-fourth, eighteen forty-four.Quickly, companies began to build telegraph lines from one place to another. Men everywhere seemed to be putting up poles with strings of wire for carrying telegraphic messages. The workmanship was poor. And the wires were not put up straight.Some of the results looked strange. People said they looked like a grapevine. A large number of the telegraph lines were going in all directions, as crooked as the vines that grapes grow on. So was born the expression, by the grapevine.Some writers believe that the phrase would soon have disappeared were it not for the American Civil War. Soon after the war began in eighteen sixty-one, military commanders started to send battlefield reports by telegraph. People began hearing the phrase by the grapevine to describe false as well as true reports from the battlefield. It was like a game. Was it true? Who says so?Now, as in those far-off Civil War days, getting information by the grapevine remains something of a game. A friend brings you a bit of strange news. "No," you say, "it just can't be true! Who told you?" Comes the answer, "I got it by the grapevine."You really cannot know how much – if any – of the information that comes to you by the grapevine is true or false. Still, in the words of an old American saying, the person who keeps pulling the grapevine shakes down at least a few grapes.65. It was _______________ that the meaning of ―the grapevine‖ came from according to the text.A. people‘s excitemen t to share the secret information with othersB. Samuel F. Morse‘s invention of telegraphC. idiomatic use from earlier generationsD. the shape of the equipment set up for telegraphic transferring66. From the passage, we can learn that at first the telegraphy __________.A. was instantly accepted by those congressmenB. was well-received among the publicC. was not put into use until the American Civil WarD. was adopted for military employment67. What could the underlined sentence in the end of the passage mean?A. people should choose to talk to each in person instead of constantly calling others.B. people should be more careful with word when told some private information.C. people should not feel too honored and excited to share information with others.D. rumors stop at the wise.(B)The news media have long described the day after Thanksgiving as the busiest shopping day of the year. In earlier years, this was not actually the case. In the period from 1993 through 2001, for example, Black Friday ranked from fifth to tenth on the list of busiest shopping days, with the Saturday before Christmas usually taking first place. In 2003, however, Black Friday actually was the busiest shopping day of the year, and it has retained that position every year since except 2004, when it ranked second.Black Friday is popular as a shopping day for a combination of several reasons. As the first day after the last major holiday before Christmas it inaugurates the Christmas season. Additionally, many employers give their employees the day off as part of Thanksgiving leave, increasing the potential number of shoppers. In order to take advantage of this, virtually all retailers in the country, big and small, offer various sales. Recent years have seen retailers extend beyond normal hours in order to maintain an edge, or to simply keep up with competition. Such hours may include opening as early as 4:00 a.m. or remaining open overnight on Thanksgiving Day and beginning sales prices at midnight. In 2010, Toys 'R' Us began their Black Friday sales at 10:00 p.m. on Thanksgiving Day and further upped the ante by offering free boxes of Crayola crayons and coloring books for as long as supplies lasted. Other retailers, like Sears, Aéropostale, and Kmart, began Black Friday sales early Thanksgiving morning, and ran them through as late as 11:00 p.m. Friday evening. Forever 21 went in the opposite direction, opening at normal hours on Friday, and running late sales until 2:00 a.m. Saturday morning. Historically, it was common for Black Friday sales to extend throughout the following weekend. However, this practice has largely disappeared in recent years, perhaps because of an effort by retailers to create a greater sense of urgency.The huge population centres around lakeOntarioin Canadahave always attracted cross border shopping in the U.S states, and as Black Friday became more popular in the U.S after 2001, many were traveling for the deals across the border. In 2009 several major Canadian retailers had their own version of the day by running promotions to discourage shoppers from leaving for the U.S. Canada's Boxing Day is comparable to Black Friday in terms of retailer impact and consumerism, but Black Fridays in the U.S seems to provide some deeper or more extreme price cuts that some Canadian retailers would not provide, even when its the same cross national retailer.More recently, Black Friday has been exported to nations outside of North America such asAustralia and theUnited Kingdom by major online retailers like Amazon or Apple.68. Which date should be the busiest shopping day in the year of 2010?A. The day before ChristmasB. ChristmasC. The day after ThanksgivingD. Thanksgiving69. Suppose you have just landed ter than expected on the second day of Thanksgiving because of flight delay, which shopping site is the most likely choice for you to visit?A. Forever 21B. Toys ‗R‘C. SearsD. Kmart70. Which of the following does NOT account for the popularity of Black Friday in the above passage?A. Its good timing.B. Thanksgiving Day leave.C. Media coverageD. Shopping promotion.71. It can be inferred from the passage that ______________ .A. Black Friday has grown to be even more influential worldwideB. online retailers like Amazon or Apple have already overtaken the lead in Black Friday big saleC. shopping inCanadais less attractive than that in theU.S.D. Christmas has lost its popularity and not so popular as Black Friday(C)It's clear that the simple fact of growing older -- chronological aging -- is relentless and unstoppable. But experts studying the science of aging say it's time for a fresh look at the biological process -- one which recognizes it as a condition that can be manipulated, treated and delayed.Taking this new approach would turn the search for drugs to fight age-related diseases on its head, they say, and could speed the path to market of drugs that treat multiple illnesses like diabetes, heart disease and Alzheimer's at the same time."If aging is seen as a disease, it changes how we respond to it. For example, it becomes the duty of doctors to treat it," said David Gems, a biogerontologist who spoke at a conference on aging inLondonlast week called "Turning Back the Clock."At the moment, drug companies and scientists keen to develop their research on aging into tangible results are hampered by regulators in the United States and Europe who will license medicines only for specific diseases, not for something as general as aging."Because aging is not viewed as a disease, the whole process of bringing drugs to market can't be applied to drugs that treat aging. This creates a disincentive to pharmaceutical companies to develop drugs to treat it," said Gems.The ability of humans to live longer and longer lives is being demonstrated in abundance across the world.Average life expectancies extended by as much as 30 years in developed countries during the 20th century and experts expect the same or more to happen again in this century.A study published last year by Danish researchers estimated that more than half of all babies born in wealthy nations since the year 2000 will live to see their 100th birthdays.72. Which of the following choices has the closest meaning to the underlined word―hampered‖ in the article?A. encouragedB. urgedC. discouragedD. forbidden73. If you are one American official regulator in the field, which of your response might support your own position most to argue against the different opinions in the article?A. Relevant rules state that medicines should be only for specific diseases.B. The present life expectancies of people are long enough.C. The life expectancy increase of people during the last 20th century resulted not from the new approach.D.Europehas been not in support of it either.74. Which of the following inferences from the above text is NOT true?A. ―Turning back the Clock‖ must be a specialized medical conference.B. Average life expectancy of people at the early 20th century might be just around 70 years.C. The drug companies and scientists must have already started related research work.D. Aging is not accepted as a disease by many people, including many scientists.75. The passage could appear in ___________.A. a research journalB. a weekly newspaperC. a science fictionD. a commercialSection C (5)Direction: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A—F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not needA. Don‘t run aroundB. Find waterC. Make a plan and stick to itD. Build a shelterE. Be motivated, not afraidAB. Stay visibleIf you‘re planning on going hiking sometime soon, that‘s terrific —it‘s a great way to get exercise, push your limits, and connect with the natural world. But like any outdoor activity, it comes with its share of dangers: weather, wild animals, poisonous plants, and so on. In some extreme case you get lost outdoors, here are some advice for you.76. .It‘s easy to panic when you rea lize neither you nor anyone else knows where you are. But the most important thing is to keep calm; acting predictably will make it easier for a rescue team to find you. Sit down. Decide whether you‘re going to get food or water, build a shelter or a signal fire first, and then stay the course.77. .Make the job of whoever‘s looking for you as easy as possible. If you have bright clothing, put it on. Stay in open, high ground. Blow a whistle at regular intervals.78. .Unless you‘re Bear Grylls himself, you‘re going to feel fears setting in. Don‘t let emotion take control, keep your head and think clearly. Instead, use that fear and adrenalone (肾上腺) to motivate yourself to do everything that needs to be done. If you ca n do that, you‘llfind yourself moving quickly and efficiently, not running around like a chicken with its head cut off.79. .If you find that your one day hike has turned into an open-ended situation, you‘ll need to find more water. Don‘t waste time looking for possibly edible berries (though knowing what to eat in an emergency is a good call); you can go a month without eating, but only three days without drinking. Know where to look for water: dew on plants, banana and plantain trees and tropical vines are good places to start.Make sure to purify any water you find before drinking it, with purification tablets, a filter or by boiling it.80. .If you‘re truly lost, chances are it‘s going to take a little while to find you. Making a shelter to spend the night in should be a priority. It can protect you from rain, wind, snow, insects, and sun during the day. It doesn‘t have to be big- just large enough to fit you.No matter the daytime temperature, it can get cold at night. Insulate your shelter with leaves, grass, and even snow. Insulate yourself as well.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.I grew up in Beijing and left when I was 16 to go to high school in theUS. After that, I went to Harvard and studied applied maths and economics and became very interested in international development. At first it was an academic interest and I was going to do a PhD, but I decided academia wasn‘t for me. So I went to work for McKinsey for three years and did a lot of work in developing countries, with governments, NGOs and companies that were thinking of getting into new markets. There was a lot of focus on health, which was an area that really interested me.McKinsey was a really good chance to experience a lot in a short period of time but it was never where I was going to pursue a career, so I went back to school. I‘m now doing a three-year degree which is an MBA at Stanford and an MPA/ID (public administration and international development) at Harvard Kennedy school of government.In the summers I‘ve been building up my experience on the ground by doing small consulting projects. Last summer, I was inBangladeshworking for a for-profit social enterprise. We partnered with Brac, a non-profit organisation, and created a mobiletechnology for health workers who were looking after pregnant women in rural areas. From this I learnt that I wanted to create customised solutions for social enterprises. This summer I was supposed to go toIndiato work for the Acumen Fund on their healthcare portfolio. Acumen cultivates social ventures andIndiais at the forefront of innovation when it comes to healthcare for the poor. But I never got my work visa. The Indian High Commission didn‘t reject me, they just kept me waiting until it was too late. It was incredibly frustrating. They never gave me a reason. I did work forAcumen‘sIndiahealthcare team for a month, but in theUSand from a more removed, theoretical level. I would have really liked to be on the ground.I also decided to spend a month inChinabecause I wanted to answer the question, ―If I came back toChinawhat would it be like to do social impact work?‖ It makes sense for me as it‘s easier to make the most difference where the cultural difference is the least. So I‘m meeting leading impact investors inChina– people and organisations that are doing groundbreaking work. It‘s very inspiring and I‘m getting a lot of energy from them. From a distance y ou‘d think the social sector inChinais very undeveloped and very bureaucratic –but, partly because it is so small, there are a lot of opportunities. For me, the past four weeks have corrected some of my preconceived notions.I‘m based inBeijingand I‘m ver y interested in the migrant communities inChina. They really have been the engines of growth, but there‘s no social safety net, especially in health and that‘s what I‘m focusing on right now. I‘m also researching a couple of ideas for non-profits and socia l ventures using the models I‘ve seen inBangladeshandIndia. When I graduate I want to work in this field. It could be anywhere, but there are a lot of opportunities inChina.（Note: Answer the questions in NO MORE THAN SIXTEEN WORDS）81. Why did the writer give up the idea of pursuing PhD study?82. What did the writer and Brac achieve during her summer experience inBangladesh?83. Please list at least 2 reasons why the writer has chosen to come back toChinafor her career.84. How did the writer li ke her Acumen‘sIndiahealthcare team experience?。

上海交通大学附属中学2015-2016 学年度第一学期高二期终试卷（满分150 分，120 分钟完成）第I 卷（共99 分）II. Grammar and VocabularySection A （16%）Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Patient Sherlock and Cumber fans, get ready. We’re now only less than two weeks away from the latest installment in the BBC’s Sherlock series. It will be a 90-minute holiday special entitled The Abominable Bride.For this standalone special, Holmes and Watson are sent back to late-19th–century Victorian London, which is exactly 25 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle set his original stories. But despite the time jump, show runner Steven Moffat has assured fans that this episode will be very special, different and not tied at all to any previous or forthcoming episodes. The special will combine the supernatural 26 a classic murder mystery.Now, the latest trailer has given us a clearer sense of what the Christmas special is about and what 27 title means. From what 28 ( reveal) so far, the detectives are busy hunting down a ghostly killer in a bridal gown and veil. The bride is believed to be dead but is now acting like an avenging angel in the streets of London. From fog-enveloped Limbhouse, England to the basement of a 29 ( ruin) church, Holmes, Watson and their friends 30 beat their brains out to defeat the enemy. In one rather chilling moment, the 31 ( terrify) bride glides towards Holmes, while in another, she creeps up behind Waston. It seems the Christmas special is full of mysterious and spooky scenes.The Christmas special will debut in 2016 in both the U.K. and the U.S., 32 in cinemas across China and in other selected countries around the world.(B)Without any previous notice, a documentary dominated headlines and social websites over the weekend.Under the Dome, a 103-minute documentary 33 (self-fund) by former news anchor Chai Jing, 34 (release) in China on Feb 28. It has rapidly pushed the public awareness about air pollution and encouraged people to join in 35 effort to make a difference.Chai, 39, said she started the work out of her “personal clashes” with smog after she gave birth to a daughter. “I sealed tight all the windows. I started every day by checking the air pollution index,” Chai said. Millions of other peop le are doing the same. While they stop there, Chai goes much 36 (deep). “I don't want to live in this way. I need to find out where the smog comes from and what on earth is going on”.Chai's research reveals that it is the burning of coal and oil 37 contributes to 60 percent of PM2.5 pollutants. She then goes on to disclose loopholes in car emissions regulations. Some of the laws have been in place for years, 38 have never been applied. The film also explains that businesses are pressured not to obey the law because violating them carries little or no cost, while making changes pushes up costs. The film also points at China's petroleum and steel industries 39 the biggest sources of air pollution.Chai goes on to list the things ordinary people can do 40 (help) and sums everything up by calling for individual responsibility in reporting illegal emissions via the hotline 12369.Section B （10%）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. significantB. declineC. resultingD. withinE. leadF. scatteredG. transcend H. via I. boosting J. glimpse K. potentiEating out at fast food joints seems to be a way of life for most families. After all, how common is it to see a car filled with children pulling out of a McDonald’s lot or to catch the41 of a parked car, toys and French fry boxes42 about the back seat?Sadly, though, one study has discovered a link between consumption of fast foods and a 43 in testing ability among grade-school children. So detrimental are the changes in their body, say researchers at Ohio State University, that these children tend to score lower in science, math and reading tests. Their findings 44 the common thought that children who eat fast foods are just prone to the health setbacks 45 from weight gain, as lower levels of academic achievement have been discovered among children who ate 46 amounts of fast food“There’s a lot of evidence that fast-food consumption is linked to childhood obesity, but the problems don’t end there,” says Kelly Purtell, 47 author of the study and assistant professor of human sciences at Ohio State University. “Relying too much on fast food could hurt how well children do in the classroom.”For the study, researchers studied over 11,000 students whose fast food consumption was high, testing them in the areas of reading/literacy, mathematics and science while also learning about their eating habits 48 a food consumption questionnaire, and the results are as follows:More than two thirds of the sample reported some fast food consumption; 20% reported consuming at least 4 fast food meals in the prior week. Fast food consumption during fifth grade predicted lower levels of academic achievement in all 3 subjects in eighth grade, even when fifth grade academic scores and numerous 49 confounding variables, including socioeconomic indicators, physical activity, and TV watching, were controlled for in the models.While this particular study shows the impact that fast foods have on test scores, it doesn’t explain what it is about such junk foods that leads to such results. However, other studies have pointed to the fact that fast foods are void of certain memory- 50 nutrients, like iron, that are ideal for cognitive development. They also show that the high-sugar and high-fat diets that are typical in a fast food lifestyle are harmful when it comes to learning and immediate memory.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15%)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In today's American society, background checks have become a routine part of hiring process. employers use them to 51 potential workers, judging whether they are qualified for the posts. Through background checks, employers can also make sure that the information applicants provide is truthful, which 52 the applicants' moral quality.Then what do background checks investigate? Many include a review of the employee's employment history trying to confirm whether the employee has ever been fired or forced to 53 . Employers also pay attention to the length of unemployment, afraid that long-time 54 from work may bring negative influence to the employee's performance. Sometimes, an applicant's residential history is also an issue. Jobs With state or local governments often require that the employee live in certain areas, reducing the chances for them to have contact with 55 people. Besides living near the work place is always welcome as it saves time and fares on 56 . Another item which can't be neglected is the applicant's criminal history as in whether he has ever been arrested or put into prison. Although 57 like traffic ticketing or queue jumping are usually pardoned, breaking a criminal law is rarely 58 and, in most cases, is sure to result in the ending of the employment. Then comes the social history. A background check that involves the applicant's social history is 59 needed for government posts or employment in finance and law industries that require greater self 60 . A small mistake in these posts may result in huge oss. The investigation usually checks drug use, family relationships and social contacts, in order to 61 hiring someone unsuitable for the posts. Background investigators who 62 social history may interview neighbors and professional references 63 by the applicant.Finally in the field of education background, an application form may ask for copies of licenses or University diplomas to show the applicant's 64 performances. In many instances, an education background check is so 65 about details that investigators even confirm the date on which the employee earned his degree to determine if it agrees With the information the employee provided on his application.51. A. qualify B. assess C. treat D. reward52 A. practises B. supplies C. destroys D. suggests53. A. cheat B. apply C. resign D. complain54. A. absence B. review C. independence D. silence55. A. bad-tempered B. ill-intentioned C. cold-blooded D. old-fashioned56. A. housing B. facilities C. communication D . transportation57. A. minor offences B. serious faults C. personal experiences D. public inconveniences58. A. bothered 59. A. temporarily B. spared B. generally C. paid C. fortunately D. informedD. gradually60. A. satisfaction 61. A. explain B. confidenceB. discussC. discipline C. permitD. awareness D. avoid 62. A. look afterB. look onC. look intoD. look in 63. A. recognizedB. examinedC. orderedD. compared 64. A. financial65. A. careless B. academic B. curious jellyfishC. religious C. realisticD. official D. particularSection B (28%)(A)Société Cartier designs, manufactures, distributes and sells jewellery and watches. Founded in Paris, France in 1847 by Louis-François Cartier, the company remained under family control until 1964. The company maintains its headquarters in Paris and is now a wholly owned subsidiary of the Compagnie Financière Richemont SA.Cartier is well known for its jewellery and wrist watches, including the "Bestiary" (best illustrated by the Panthère brooch of the 1940s created for Wallis Simpson), the diamond necklace created for Bhupinder Singh the Maharaja of Patiala and the first practical wristwatch, the "Santos," of 1904.Cartier has a long history of sales to royalty and celebrities. King Edward VII of England referred to Cartier as "the jeweler of kings and the king of jewelers." For his coronation in 1902, Edward VII ordered 27 tiaras and issued a royal warrant to Cartier in 1904. Similar warrants soon followed from the courts of Spain, Portugal, Russia, Siam, Greece, Serbia, Belgium, Romania, Egypt, Albania, Monaco, and the House of Orleans.In 1986, the French Ministry for Culture appointed Perrin head of the "Mission sur le mecenat d'entreprise" (a commission to study business patronage of the arts). Two years later, Cartier acquired a majority holding in Piaget and Baume & Mercier. In 1990 the Musee du Petit Palais staged the first major exhibition of the Cartier collection, "l'Art de Cartier".Perrin founded an international committee in 1991, Comite International de la Haute Horlogerie, to organise its first salon, held on 15 April 1991. This has become an annual meeting place in Geneva for professionals. The next year, the second great exhibition of "l'Art de Cartier" was held at the Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg. In 1993, the "Vendome Luxury Group" was formed as an umbrella company to combine Cartier, Alfred Dunhill, Montblanc, Piaget, Baume & Mercier, Karl Lagerfeld, Chloé, Sulka, Hackett, Seeger.In 1995, a major exhibition of the Cartier Antique Collection was held in Asia. The next year, the Lausanne Hermitage Foundation in Switzerland hosted the exhibition "Splendours of the Jewellery", presenting a hundred and fifty years of products by Cartier. As of 2012, Cartier is owned, through Richemont, by the South African Rupert family and 24-year-old who is the granddaughter of Pierre Cartier, Elle Pagels.66. Which one of the following features distinguishes Cartier from other ordinary brands?A. It is well known for its jewelry, wrist watches and wearable products.B. It began to sell products to royalty and celebrities years ago.C. Cartier became a member of the “Vendome Luxury Group” in 1991.D. Cartier received warrant mainly from Asian countries.67. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Cartier has a history of more than 400 years.B. Cartier has always been under family control and it designs, manufactures, distributes and sells jewellery and watches.C. The Musee du Petit Palais staged the first major exhibition of the Cartier collection four years after Perrin was appointed head of the "Mission sur le mecenat d'entreprise".D. The exhibition "Splendours of the Jewellery" presented products from Chloé, Sulka and Hackett.68. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Cartier, a local Paris brand.B. Cartier, a brand standing the test of time.C. Cartier, a brand with modern technology.D. Cartier, a shining star in exhibitions.(B)File Created Page 1 of 110 2012 11:15 A.M.DELAYED BAGGAGE REPORTPRINTED AT ALBANY N.Y. AIRPORT ON JUL YDear Valued Customer,We regret that your baggage was not available to claim after your recent flight. Everything possible will be done to locate your property and return it to you promptly.For information regarding your delayed baggage, contact the United Airlines BaggageResolution Center at its 24 hour, seven day a week number:1-800-335-BAGS (2247) (US – Toll Free)281-821-3536 (Local Houston Number)Or visit site: /for/bagtracingAs soon as you file your Delayed Baggage Report, United Airlines will begin to trace for your baggage system wide. Our Baggage Resolution staff will make every effort to call you once a day to keep you updated on our progress. So that we can quickly access your records, please refer to the File Reference Number on this receipt when corresponding or calling. Keep this receipt with your claim check and E-Ticket receipt until your baggage is returned to you.In most circumstances, United Airlines will deliver your baggage when it is located. Delivery times vary depending on location.If your baggage has not been returned to you within the initial five-day tracing period, please download a claim form at /web/en-US/content/travel/baggage/delayed.aspx and return it to us with the required documentation included./bmswtweb/Docs/FileCreatedPrintPC.aspx?ref_num=144…DELAYED BAGGAGE REPORT REFERENCE: ALBUA25876Name: JOHN JACKSON Contact Number: 802-247-9999Delivery Address: 66 MOONBROOK DRBRANDON Email: minminvt@VERMONT USA 05745Bag Tag Description0037387643 Soft-Side Upright suitcase0037387657 Non-Zippered, hard side horizontal suitcase69. Where does the receipt most probably come from?A. Suitcase Tracing Website.B. Delivery Center of United Airlines.C. Baggage Resolution Center.D. Information Center of the Airport.70. From the receipt we can learn that John Jackson .A. must have filed his Delayed Baggage Report alreadyB. couldn’t deal with his delayed baggage on line until July 17, 2012C. should call 802-247-9999 for the information about his delayed baggageD. may not know anything about his delayed baggage during the first five days71. Which of the following information is not provided in the receipt?A. The description of th e customer’s checked suitcases.B. The regular routine of the delayed baggage tracing.C. The contact phone number of Albany N.Y. Airport.D. The customer’s delayed baggage file reference number.(C)In the villages of the English countryside there are still people who remember the good old days when no one bothered to lock their doors. There simply wasn’t any crime to worry about.Amazingly, these happy times appear still to be with us in the world’s biggest community. A new study by Dan Farmer, a gifted programmer, using an automated investigative program of his own called SATAN, shows that the owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fitting locks to their doors.SATAN can try out a variety of well-known hacking tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in. Farmer has made the program publicly available, amid much criticism. A person with evil intent could use it to hunt down sites that are easy to burgle.But Farmer is very concerned about the need to alert the public to poor security and, so far, events have proved him right. SATAN has done more to alert people to the risks than cause new disorder.So is the Net becoming more secure? Far from it. In the early days, when you visited a Web site your browser simply looked at the content. Now the web is full of tiny programs that automatically download when you look at a Web page, and run on your own machine. These programs could, if their authors wished, do all kinds of nasty things to your computer.At the same time, the Net is increasingly populated with spiders, worms, agents, and other types of automated beasts designed to penetrate the sites and seek out and classify information. All these make wonderful tools for antisocial people who want to invade weak sites and cause damage.But let’s look on the bright side. Given the lack of locks, the Internet is surely the world’s biggest (almost) crime-free society. Maybe that is because hackers are fundamentally honest. Or that there currently isn’t much to steal. Or because vandalism (蓄意破坏) isn’t much fun unless you have a peculiar dislike for someone.Whatever the reason, let’s enjoy it while we can. But expect it all to change, and security to become the number one issue, when the most influential inhabitants of the Net are selling services they want to be paid for.72. By saying “…owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fitting locks to their doors” (Lines 3-4, Para. 2), the author means thatA. those happy times appear still to be with usB. there simply wasn’t any crime to worry aboutC. many sites are not well protectedD. hackers try out tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in73. SATAN, a program designed by Dan Farmer, can be used .A. to investigate the security of Internet sitesB. to improve the security of the Internet systemC. to prevent hackers from breaking into websitesD. to download useful programs and information74. Farmer’s program has been criti cized by the public because .A. it causes damage to Net browsersB. it can break into Internet sitesC. it can be used to cause disorder on all sitesD. it can be used by people with evil intent75. The author suggests in the last paragraph that .A. we should make full use of the Internet before security measures are strengthenedB. we should alert the most influential businessmen to the importance of guaranteeing quality of their servicesC. influential businessmen should give priority to the improvement of Net securityD. net inhabitants should not let security measures affect their joy of surfing the Internet(D)Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hair-styles and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous and seems to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.This illusion is created by changing fashions. Over the year, the great majority of men have successfully resisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year a few so-called top designers in Paris or London lay down the law and women all over the world rush to obey. The decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are out. Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they shudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually black-mailed by the designers and the big stores. Clothes, which have been worn only a few times, have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a women is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste. Many women squander vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women, who cannot afford to discard clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hem-limes are taken up or let down; waist-lines are taken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any a mount of discomfort, providing they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in dainty shoes.The fashion frenzy of women is so obvious that one may even wonder—do constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes, to some extent, reflect basic qualities of fickleness and instability? That is for you to decide.76. What does “ludicrous” mean in Paragraph One?A. fashionableB. glamorousC. absurdD. charming77. Why are women mercilessly exploited by the fashion designers?A. They love new fashion.B. They love new clothes.C. They want to look beautiful.D. They are too vain.78. What are fashion designers interested in?A. Outward appearance.B. Comfort.C. Individuality.D. Durability.79. The main idea of this passage isA. The constant changes in fashion reflect the qualities of women.B. New fashions in clothing are created solely for commercial exploitation of women.C. The top designers seem to have the right to dictate the latest trend in fashion.D. Compared with women, men have the basic quality of reliability.第II 卷( 51 分)I. Recitation (6%)1. 授予这位物理学家诺贝尔物理奖2. 用她一生的时间帮助印度的贫困人民3. 接管这家企业的全部产权4. 这家快餐店的历史和发展5.改变人们生活方式的新生力量6. 便利店在全国的兴起II. Translation (20%)1. 如今在飞机上人们也可以很容易地上网。

上海交通大学附属中学2015-2016学年度第二学期高二英语期中试卷（满分150分，120分钟完成，答案一律写在答题纸上）第I卷（共97分）I. Listening Comprehension（24%）Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a restaurant. B. In a hair salon.C. At a tailor’s shop.D. At the cinema.2. A. Reading for relaxation. B. Going to a tea house.C. Going skiing.D. Flying kites.3. A. Doctor and patient. B. Librarian and reader.C. Actor and actress.D. Waitress and customer.4. A. At 2:00. B. At 3:00. C. At 4:45. D. At 5:15.5. A. He’s capable of handling anything. B. He is a professional photographer.C. Cool weather makes perfect photos.D. The camera is easy to use.6. A. He has gone to visit his mother. B. He has asked for a sick leave.C. He has found a new job in Europe.D. He has done something wrong.7. A. They lived in the same neighborhood.B. They went to the same college.C. He’s known Margie for a long time.D. It’s the first time he has met Margie.8. A. The nearest post office is next to the police station.B. The man is working in the office building.C. The man ought to get off at the next bus stop.D. The post office is two blocks away from the police station.9. A. He agrees on setting the bed.B. He wants to look for a place to live.C. He’d like to i nvite two friends to visit.D. He will change his phone number immediately.10. A. Both of them are sports fans.B. The man wants to buy a fan to cool down.C. There is a fan exhibition now.D. They’ll play a tennis game together.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Fewer than five minutes. B. Five to ten minutes.C. As long as possible.D. More than ten minutes.12. A. Fire your imagination.B. Get more economic profits.C. Show respect to the oldest family members.D. Recognize more family members.13. A. Make a welcome address. B. Create awards.C. Keep a family event memo.D. Print a Family Book.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A student in Deep Spring College. B. An editor of a magazine.C. A politician.D. A professor.15. A. Developing farming in desert.B. Carrying out a long-term project.C. Getting youths ready to serve people.D. Helping students make $50,000 per year.16. A. To attend a teaching show.B. To interview the Student Body members.C. To bring new energy to the college.D. To apply for teacher vacancies in the college.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A（16%）Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)You are what you eat, and you definitely are whom you associate with. The people closest to you make all the difference--in a good or a bad way. A good friend supports you, helps you and inspires you, while a bad friend holds you back. If you have people like these in your inner circle, we suggest you _____25______ (remove) them.Roadblock predictorsRoadblock predictors have the annoying ability _____26______ (foresee) a long list of potential barriers and problems. In reality, however, these barriers and problems will not appear and sometimes even cannot appear.Granted, none of us want to make a mistake we _____27______ have avoided. If someone approaches every fresh idea with a never-ending list of reasons that it won't work, he or she needs to go, ______28______unreasonable doubt is the enemy of achievement.If my idea truly won't work, tell me why and what might work instead. Otherwise, we should just go our separate ways.Devoted fansAt the other end of the spectrum is the person who thinks ____29_______ you do and say is amazing and incredible.Unconditional praise is fun but rarely helpful. None of us are that smart or that talented. Often we do get it wrong. Often we do make mistakes. But often we don't realize it until someone ______30_____ (tell) us. It's easy to tell you that you are great. It's much harder--it takes a real friend to tell you that you can do better.Excessive praise is the enemy of improvement. Be nice to your devoted fans, but don't pay much attention to their praise.The walking deadSome people are just like zombies. They wander aimlessly from task to task, from day to day and from year to year _____31______ a plan or a purpose. They won't kill you, but they'll definitely kill your motivation and enthusiasm.Instead, surround yourself with people who have ambitious plans, meaningful purposes and big goals. _____32______ _____32______ their goals are different from yours, they'll help feed off your energy.(B)Charles Dickens was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity during his lifetime, and by the twentieth century critics and scholars ____33_______ (recognize) him as a literary genius. His novels and short stories enjoy lasting popularity.Born in Portsmouth, Dickens left school to work in a factory when his father was in prison. At the age of 20, he ____34_____ (draw) to the theatre and landed an acting audition at Covent Garden, where the manager George Bartley and the actor Charles Kemble ____35_____(see) him. Unfortunately, he missed the audition because of a cold. Before another opportunity arose, he had set out on his career as a writer. ______36_____his lack of formal education, he edited a weekly journal for 20 years, wrote 15 novels and hundreds of short stories and non-fiction articles.Dickens often modified his plot and character development based on readers' feedback. For example, when his wife told him that David Copperfield behaved _____37______ _____37_____he were coward, Dickens improved the character with positive features. His plots were carefully constructed, and he often wove elements from topical events into his narratives. His literary style is also a mixture of fantasy and realism. His satires of British aristocratic snobbery—he calls one character the "Noble Refrigerator"—are often popular. ____38____ (Compare) orphans to stocks and shares is another typical example of Dickens's acclaimed flights of fancy.His novels remain popular and continue to inspire adaptations in every artistic genre. For example, Oliver Twist and Great Expectations ___39______ (adapt) frequently, and, like many of his novels, evoke images of early Victorian London. His 1859 novel, A Tale of Two Cities, __40_____ (set) in London and Paris, is his best-known work of historical fiction. Dickens's creative genius has been praised by fellow writers for its realism, comedy, unique characterizations, and social criticism. The term Dickensian is used to describe something in memory of Dickens and his writings, such as poor social conditions or comically repulsive characters.Section B（10%）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional town ofWest Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922. The storyprimarily _____41_____ the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsbyand his crazy passion and obsession for the beautiful former lover DaisyBuchanan. Considered to be Fitzgerald's masterpiece, The GreatGatsby_____42_____ themes of decadence, idealism, _____43_____ tochange and social upheaval, creating_____44_____ of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties described as a cautionary tale _____45_____ the American Dream.Fitzgerald—_____46_____ by the parties he had attended while visiting Long Island's north shore—began planning the novel in 1923, desiring to produce, in his words, "something new—something extraordinary and beautiful and simple and intricately patterned." Progress was slow, with Fitzgerald completing his _____47_____ following a move to the French Riviera in 1924. His editor, Maxwell Perkins, felt the book was vague and persuaded the author to revise over the next winter. Fitzgerald repeatedly hesitated about the book's title and he considered a variety of _____48_____, including titles that referenced the Roman character Trimalchio; the title he was last documented to have desired was Under the Red, White, and Blue.First published in April 1925, The Great Gatsby received _____49_____ reviews and sold 20,000 copies in its first year. Fitzgerald died in 1940, believing himself to be a failure and his work _____50_____. However, the novel experienced a revival during World War II, and became a part of American high school curricula and numerous stage and film adaptations in the following decades. Today, The Great Gatsby is widely considered to be a literary classic and a competitor for the title "Great American Novel". In 1998, the Modern Library editorial boardvoted it the 20th century's best American novel and second best English-language novel of the same time period.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15%)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Thinner isn't always better. A number of studies have ___51___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases than those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___52___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. Likewise, among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___53___ of good health.Of even greater ___54___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___55___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___56__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___57___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem ___58___ , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, while others with a low BMI may be in poor___59___.For example, many professional football players___60___as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a ___61___ BMI.Today we have a(an) ___62___ to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes___63___in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes ___64___ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to have biases against the obese. Even very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, grounded in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity policies .My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign ___65___ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.51.A denied B concluded C doubled D ensured52. A protective B dangerous C sufficient D troublesome53. A indicator B objective C origin D example54. A impact B relevance C assistance D concern55. A in terms of B in case of C in favor of D in sake of56. A measures B determines C equals D modifies57. A in essence B in contrast C in turn D in part58. A complicated B conservative C variable D straightforward59. A shape B spirit C balance D taste60. A start B qualify C retire D stay61.A strange B changeable C normal D constant62. A option B reason C opportunity D tendency63. A employed B pictured C imitated D monitored64. A related B combined C settled D associated65.A for B against C with D withoutSection B (32%)Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)LOVE it or hate it, there is no escape from Internetslang.This is especially true among young people in someEnglish-speaking countries such as Australia, the UK andthe US. These days, if they haven’t caught up with the latestpopular Internet slang, chances are that they often feel outof the loop on social media.Take these posts by The Washington Post for example:―David Bowie dying is totes tradge‖ and ―When Cookie hugged Jamal it made me totes emosh.‖What on earth do these mean? Well, ―totes‖ is a short form of the adverb ―totally‖. Likewise, ―tradge‖ means―tragic‖ and ―emosh‖ means ―emotional‖.It seems that, for millennials (those born between the early 1980s and late 1990s), typing in this abbreviated form is not only time-saving but also hip.Many millennial slang words are formed by what linguists call the practice of ―totesing‖ –the systematic abbreviation of words, according to a recent article in The Washington Post.Some people think that millennial slang affects the English language negatively. However, Melbourne University linguist Rosey Billington doesn't agree.―When you are able to use language in a creative way, you show you are linguistically knowledgeable because you know the language rules well enough to use words in a different way,‖ Billington told .au.Her view is backed up by two linguists, Lauren Spradlin and Taylor Jones, from the City University of New York and the University of Pennsylvania respectively. The two believe that totes-speak is a highly-organized system that can only be used by speakers who have masteredEnglish pronunciation.The ability to break apart syllables and mix different sounds together is key. ―Totesing is about sounds, and it follows the sometimes-complicated sound system of English,‖ Jones told The Washington Post. ―Totesing is not random. On the contrary, it has strict rules to follow. You need to be very fluent in the English language to be able to understand totes-speak.‖66. The underlined phrase ―out of the loop‖ in the second paragraph probably means _________.A. accepted easilyB. bored and annoyedC. comfortable and relaxedD. unaware of certain information67. How does the author explain the phenomenon of totesing?A. With comparisons.B. Through examples.C. By giving descriptions.D. By analyzing causes and effects.68. What is Lauren Spradlin’s attitude toward the practice of totesing?A. Worried.B. Cautious.C. Positive.D. Critical.69. Which of the following might Taylor Jones agree with?A. Internet slang is mostly created by professional linguists.B. Totesing is mainly about making words easier to pronounce.C. Totesing should be promoted since it is cool, creative and time-saving.D. Totesing requires speakers to master the language’s rules very well.(B)Public speaking fills most people with dread. Humiliation is the greatest fear; self-exposure and failing to appeal to the audience come a close second. Women hate it most, since girls are pressurized from an early age to be concerned with appearances of all kinds. Most people have plenty of insecurities, and this seems like a situation that will bring them out. If you were under pressure to be perfect, you are terrified of falling in the most public of ways.While extroverts will feel less fear before the ordeal, it does not mean they will necessarily do it better. Some very shy people manage to shine. When I met the British comedian Julian Clary, he was shy and cautious, yet his TV performances are perfect. In fact, personality is not the best predictor of who does it well. Regardless of what you are like in real life, the key seems to be to act yourself.Actual acting, as in performing the scripted lines of a character other than yourself, does not do the job. While politicians may limit damage by having carefully rehearsed, written scripts to speak from, there is always a hidden awareness among the audience that the words might not betrue. Likewise, the incredibly perfect speeches of many American academics are far from natural. You may end up buying their book on the way out, but soon afterwards, it is much like fast food, and you get a nameless sense that you've been cheated.Although, as Earl Spencer proved at his sister Princess Diana's funeral, it is possible both to prepare every word and to act naturally. A script rarely works and it is used to help most speakers. But, being yourself doesn't work either. If you spoke as if you were in your own kitchen, it would be too authentic, too unaware of the need to communicate with an audience.The best psychological place from which to speak is an unselfconscious self-consciousness, providing the illusion of being natural. Studies suggest that this state of "flow", as psychologists call it, is very satisfying.70. Women hate public speaking most mainly because of _____.A. their upbringing very early on.B. their inability to appeal to the audience.C. their sense of greater public pressure.D. their sense of greater humiliation.71. "this" in Paragraph One refers toA. insecurity.B. sense of failure.C. public speaking.D. pressure.72. What is the author's view on personality?A. Personality is the key to success in public speaking.B. Extroverts are better public speakers.C. Introverts have to learn harder to be good speakers.D. Factors other than personality ensure better performance.73. Which of the following is NOT the author's viewpoint?A. Acting like performers spoils the message in a speech.B. Perfection of scripts is necessary in making good impressions.C. Acting naturally means less dependence on the prepared script.D. There should be a balance between actual acting and acting naturally.(C)Come on-Everybody's doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her criticism of the weakness of many pubic-health campaigns is correct: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a mistaken understanding of psychology." Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most obvious flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in moral directions. It's like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The strategy never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.74. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as________________.A. a supplement to the social cureB. a stimulus to group dynamicsC. an obstacle to school progressD. a cause of undesirable behaviors75. Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should_________________.A. recruit professional advertisersB. learn from advertisers' experienceC. stay away from commercial advertisersD. recognize the limitations of advertisements76. In the author's view, Rosenberg's book fails to__________________.A. adequately explore social and biological factorsB. effectively evade the flaws of the social cureC. illustrate the functions of state fundingD. produce a long-lasting social effect77. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is______________.A. harmfulB. desirableC. profoundD. questionable(D)Franz Kafka wrote that “A book must be the ax(斧子)for thefrozen sea inside us.”I once shared this sentence with a class ofseventh graders, and it didn't seem to require any explanation.We’d just finished John Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men.When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. ―Are you crying?‖ one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. ―I am,‖ I told her, ―and the funny thing is I’ve read it many times.‖But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen. In my 14 years of teaching in a New York City public middle school, I’ve taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods. They understand, more than I ever will, the novel's terrible logic—the giving way of dreams to fate.For the last seven years, I have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic works of literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight. I originally proposed this idea to my headmaster after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high school—one that often attracts the literary-minded children of Manhattan's upper classes—into a less competitive school. The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates. I thought additional ―cultural capital‖ could help students like her develop better in high school, where they would unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned Ph.D.’s.Along with Of Mice and Men, my groups read: Sounder, The Red Pony, Lord of the Flies, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. The students didn’t always read from the expected point of view. About The Red Pony, one student said, ―it's about being a man, it’s about m anliness.”I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth's speech read as raps, but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious. Once introduced to Steinbeck's writing, one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that ―all these people hate each other, and they’re all white.‖ His historical viewwas broadening, his sense of his own country deepening. Year after year, former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes.Year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests. We are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch but for text complexity. Yet, we cannot enrich the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts. We are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse. We may succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach them that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them.78.The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to______________.A．realize our dreamsB．give support to our lifeC．smooth away difficultiesD．awaken our emotions79.Why were the students able to understand the novel Of Mice and Men?A．Because they were bred in a violent society.B．Because they had read the novel many times.C．Because they got the explanation from the teacher..D．Because they had similar life experiences.80.The girl left the selective high school possibly because______________.A．she was a literary-minded girlB．her parents were immigrantsC．she couldn't fit in with her classD．her father was then in prison81.The author writes the passage mainly to ______________.A．suggest reading classic works of literature creativelyB．advocate teaching literature to touch the heartC．argue for equality among high school studentsD．criticize the current education system bitterly第II 卷( 53分)I. Recitation (8%)1. 和蔼可亲且真诚地关心他人2. 用微笑回应她的好意3. 把谈话的压力推到对方身上4. 同性的两个人5. 同样适用于西方人6. 完全有理由否认犯过罪7. 毫不犹豫地把整片土地化为废墟8. 施展魔力召唤风暴。

上海交通大学附属中学2015-2016学年度第一学期高一英语期末试卷第I卷II. Grammar and Vocabulary（20+16+10%）Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25.The city government will start its 24-hour hotline, which will replace the one that is openonly___________9a.m. and 5p.m.A. fromB. sinceC. betweenD. through26.His letter to Mr. Martin ___________, but he remembered he had addressed it rightly.A. was thought to have been misdirectedB. was thought to have misdirectedC. thought to have been misdirectedD. thought to have misdirected27.Shoppers complain they have to queue for _________ seems hours at the checkout counters because therearen‟t enough staff.A. itB. whatC. howD. which28.It matters not __________ you try to carry out, but once you try to carry out a thing, you must never give it upuntil you have done it thoroughly and well.A. howeverB. thatC. whatD. whichever29.A survey is being conducted to find out _________ today‟s young people will enjoy the new version of Adream of Red Mansions, which features younger faces.A. whetherB. thatC. howeverD. what30.Without your encouragement and support, we________________________.A. should not succeededB. would not succeedC. would have succeededD. would not have succeeded31.In an experiment, pet owners are being encouraged to take their pets to work, a move _______________ canbe good for both the people and the pets.A. that some scientists sayB. in which some scientists sayC. some scientists say thatD. some scientists say32._________ people around him ______ to find a satisfactory job, he felt hopeless and decided to quit from thejob market.A. Seeing, to failB. Seen, failingC. To see, failedD. Seeing, fail33.__________ people in western countries think we Muslim women are oppressed and controlled by men iswrong and it makes me sad __________ people won‟t learn the truth by asking us how we feel.A. That…whyB. /….whyC. /…whatD. That…that34.The way people hold to the belief _______ a fun-filled life equals happiness actually reduces their chances ofever getting real happiness.A. whenB. thatC. in whichD. which35.Of all the jobs I‟ve had, ________ was my experience at Pennsylvania Railway Sta tion ________ impressedme most.A. it, where itB. it, thatC. there, thatD. that, which36.I know Jonathan quite well and never doubt _______ he can do a good job of it.A. whetherB. whenC. thatD. what37------If you are admitted to a key university, ________________as a prize?------I am looking forward to a cell phone.A.what you expect your father will offer youB.do you expect what your father will offer youC.what do you expect will your father offer youD.what do you expect your father will offer you38.The boy didn‟t believe the fact ____________________.A. that most of us though it to be trueB. as most of us thought trueC. most of us thought to be trueD. what most of us thought was true39.The reason _______the TV networks are forced to come up with better shows is ________nowadays more andmore young parents prefer to spend quality time reading stories to their kids rather than root themselves in front of TV.A. that…because C. why…..becauseC. that….thatD. why…that40.Most importantly, you need friends ________ enough to buy all this stuff in Beijing and have it shipped ontime and intact.A. imaginationB. imaginaryC. imaginableD. imaginative41.Harmony and unqualified happiness are natural to each and every on e of us, yet here‟s how a_________workday looks and feels for too many people.A. typicalB. radicalC. electricalD. proposal42.Cloning is ill-suited to species _________, since it is a technically challenging process that often results in sickor deformed animals.A. identificationB. illustrationC. qualificationD. conservation43.The residents in these communities were phoned __________ and asked the same question: what is happiness?A. at first glanceB. at randomC. at other timesD. at fault44.The essay illustrates that the most ___________ indicator of success at school for a child is not background ortest scores but character.A. worthyB. worthwhileC. distractedD. embarrassedSection BDirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.APeople do many things to celebrate the coming of a New Year, an important one being making New Year Resolutions.Did you know that 45% of Americans make resolutions?But not many of 45 actually manage to keep them. Wondering how many of them actually follow through with it by the end of January each year? Actually, just a meager 8%!Resolutions 46 be very hard to keep for many reasons. Some people find it hard to stay on track. Others make their goals too broad or challenging. Remember resolutions 47 (mean) to be small goals that will become habits over time that will help your life positively, not big life-changing plans.According to , some of the top resolutions made by folks are:*Lose weight *Volunteer to help others *Quit smoking *Get a better education * Get a better job *Save money *Get fit *Eat healthy food *Manage stress *Manage debt *Take a trip *Reduce, Reuse and Recycle Did you notice that resolutions are always 48 making positive changes? We humans recognize that health is the 49 (big) wealth for us all. The resolves to be healthy, eat well and exercise are naturally among the most popular. Yet they are some of the hardest goals to keep.That‟s why you should keep your goals realistic. Cut back on soda 50 50 eliminate it completely. Make notebook entries of what you are aiming for, and track your progress. Write yourself reminders such as : Read for half an hour”, “No more than 125 minutes on social media!”, “don‟t eat too much salt, sugar and fat”, as examples. Take small steps to reach your final goal.Can you challenge yourself to be part of the 45% who make resolutions and grow the number of those who make it stick from 8%? 51 51 you are not the type who makes New Year resolutions, try to practice one healthy eating habit this year. You will be doing 52 a favor, for it is your body after all.BWhy Can’t You Tickle YourselfHave you ever thought about why people are ticklish(怕痒的)?According to scientists, ticklishness is a defense mechanism humans develop against bugs, spiders, and other critters that may be touching our skin. Feeling ticklish is our built-in response to predators or threats, and combines the sensations of touch and pain.The part of the brain that is associated with tickling is the cerebellum(小脑). It monitors our movements,53 ignores movements not perceived as a threat. For example, we do not notice our vocal chords(声带)54 (move) when we speak, but we may jump if someone touches us on 55 shoulder. This selective perception is probably the reason why we cannot tickle ourselves.We only feel ticklish if we detect a sense of invasion or attack. If we try to tickle ourselves, our brains anticipate this “attack” and prevent us from feeling panicked. Strangely enough, eve n if a person knows that they are about 56 (tickle), the fear of being touched may cause the same “ticklish” reaction. Some people laugh even before being tickled.A scientific study was recently done in England to determine whether or not people can tickle themselves. V olunteers 57 (attach) to a brain-scanning device and were tickled on their palms with a piece of soft foam(泡沫). The participants‟ brain scans were monitored while they were being tickled, and when they tickled themselves. It was found that during self-tickling, the cerebellum alerted another area of the brain about 58 to expect, so the ticklish feeling was diminished.Researchers did find a way, however, for people to tickle themselves. When volunteers activated a robot by remote control to tickle them after a short delay, the volunteers felt 5959 someone else were tickling them. It seems that the cerebellum sends a signal to disregard the forthcoming movement, then moves on to other things. Your brain “forgets” that you are tickling yourself---even with a delay as short as 60 fifth of a second. So it is possible to tickle yourself--- but only by remote control. What will science discover next?Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Every morning, 21-year-old A.J. Hunter downloads his schedule onto his always-at-hand Macintosh laptop. Hunter is a 61 technical college student. He downloads music to his iPod and 62 social networking sites from his cell phone. He uses e-mail and instant messaging anywhere on the wireless campus.Hunter is a (n) “63 native”--- a term that has been used to describe the first generation who grew up in a world filled with computers, cell phones and cable TV.These young people think, act and react much differently from how their parents and grandparents did, often because their childhoods were in large part 64 by technology, say researchers.“This is so core to their social experience--- to their identities – to what it 65 to be a young person and a student in the new century,” says educational technology expert Richard Katz.But just because young people are 66 with technology, that doesn‟t mean it‟s always beneficial. Some experts worry that technology is 67 over the lives of today‟s youth. When his desktop computer crashed during the first week of classes, “I thought I was going to go mad,”says senior Nick Caine. “I was running to the library every two seconds. I didn‟t even go home because I knew I wouldn‟t have a computer.”There are other negative sides of too much 68 time. A recent study found that nearly 20 percent of students admit that time spent on the Internet and playing computer games resulted in low grades or dropping a class.Technology author Michael Bugeja questions the recent extreme 69 toward technology: “Not only are the students addicted --- the institutions of learning are addicted,” he says. “No one is studying its impact, and we are still 70 as if more access to technology is going to improve learning.”III. Reading Comprehension （15+22+8%）Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When I became an amputee at age 29, I was forced to rethink the idea of physical perfection. My life became different, as I changed from an acceptable attractive woman to an object of pity and 71 .Too busy 72 physical pain and obvious mobility limitation, I was not aware of this change at first. I was determined to 73 , feeling good about the progress I had made, as I moved forward.74 , as I made my first excursion outside the hospital, society had already assigned me a new status. Happy to be free of my restriction in the hospital, I rolled through the shopping mall---a 75 survivor, feeling like a war hero. Unfortunately, I had a rude 76 as I discovered that others did not view me in the way I had come to view myself.All eyes were upon me, yet no one dared to make eye contact. Their efforts to 77 my eyes forced me to realize they saw only my missing legs. Mothers 78 held their children closer as I passed. Elderly women patted me on the head saying, “God Bless You!” with 79 in their eyes.While I sat thinking about what had happened, a small girl came up to me. She stared with unembarrassed 80 at the empty pants. Finding nothing there, she looked up at me with a puzzled look, and she innocently asked, “Lady, where did you legs go?”I explained that my legs had been sick. Since my legs hadn‟t been strong and healthy like hers, the doctors had to 81 them. Leaning her head upwards, she asked, “Did they go to …leg Heaven?‟”That incident made me think about how 82 children and adults react to the unknown. To a child, an odd appearance is an interesting curiosity and a 83 learning experience while adults often view the same thing with fear and horror. I began to realize that, I, too had been 84 of the same inappropriate reactions before I knew what life was like for an amputee.To fulfill the wholeness of my mind and spirit, I now smile warmly, make eye contact, and speak in a confident manner. By using a 85 approach, I attempt to enlighten society about the fact that having a not-so-perfect body doesn‟t mean having a poor quality of life.71. A. comfort B. fear C. hatred D. sadness72. A. crying with B. figuring out C. holding back D. dealing with73. A. endure B. quit C. revenge D. succeed74. A. Instead B. Moreover C. However D. Therefore75. A. clam B. poor C. proud D. rare76. A. awakening B. ending C. happening D. proceeding77. A. turn B. hold C. catch D. avoid78. A. softly B. protectively C. reluctantly D. pleasantly79. A. pity B. anger C. depression D. upset80. A. curiosity B. determination C. enthusiasm D. satisfaction81. A. lose B. adjust C. remove D. stretch82. A. differently B. positively C. strangely D. sympathetically83. A. painful B. potential C. similar D. common84. A. conscious B. guilty C. ignorant D. short85. A. creative B. flexible C. positive D. scientificSection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）The morning had been a disaster. My tooth was aching, and I‟d been in an argument with a friend. Her words still hurt：“The trouble with you is that you won‟t put yourself in my place. Can‟t you see things from my point of view?”I shook my head stubbornly—and felt the ache in my tooth. I‟d thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday, but the pain was really unbearable. I started calling the dentists in the phone book, but no one could see me immediately. Finally, at about lunchtime, I got lucky.“If you come by right now,” the receptionist said, “the dentist will fit you in.”I took my purse and keys and rushed to my car. But suddenly I began to doubt about the dentist. What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice? Why wasn‟t he as busy as the others?In the dentist‟s office, I sat down and looked around. I saw nothing but the bare walls and I became even more worried. The assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my ice-cold one.When I told her my fears, she laughed and said, “Don‟t worry.The dentist is very good.”“How long do I have to wait for him?” I asked impatiently.“Come on, he is coming. Just lie down and relax. And enjoy the artwork,” the assistant said.“The artwork?” I was puzzled.The chair went back, suddenly I smiled. There was a beautiful picture, right where I could enjoy it: on the ceiling. How considerate the dentist was! At that moment, I began to understand what my friend meant by her words.What a relief!86.Which of the following best describes the author‟s feeling that morning?A. Embarrassed.B. Nervous.C. Dunb.D. Upset.87.What made the author begin to doubt about the dentist?A. The dentist‟s agreeing to treat her at very short notice.B. The dentist‟s being as busy as the other dentists.C. The surroundings of the dentist‟s office.D. The laughing assistant of the dentist.88.Why did the author suddenly smile?A. Because the dentist came at last.B. Because she saw a picture on the ceiling.C. Because she could relax in the chair.D. Because the assistant kept comforting her.89.What did the author learn from her experience most probably?A. Strike while the iron is hot.B. Have a good word for one‟s friend.C. Put oneself in other‟s shoes.D. A friend in need is a friend indeed.( B )Hotel InformationDisneyland Hotel. If you haveAll activities and additional information are subject to change without notice.90.Guests of Hong Kong Disney Hotel can __________.A. e njoy Elemis Modern Skin Facial at the price of $ 384B. call Guest Services by dialing “0” to book Victoria Spa‟s exclusive offerC. spend a whole day viewing the South China Sea in Mickey MazeD. choose from different jogging routes according to a reliable jogging map91.Inspiration Lake Recreation Centre ___________.A. attracts guests as one of the largest public parks in DisneylandB. is a right place for in-house guests to reduce rednessC. provides guests with both indoor and outdoor activitiesD. offers all guests 50% off for renting one hour pedal boat92.According to the information about Prince Eric Activities Room, we can learn that________.A. there is about an hour and 15 minutes for cleaning everydayB. at least 22 quests can take part in different activities there at a timeC. both kids and teens can feel free to create their own sun visors thereD. IQ Fun Zone helps children below 7 to cultivate their team spirit( C )Stonehenge（巨石阵）may have been a prehistoric health center rather than a site for observing stars or a temple in honor of the dead, scientists said yesterday. New evidence unearthed at the World Heritage Site in more than 40 years suggests that the monument was a place where the diseased and injured went in groups, seeking cures.After a two-week dig, scientists have concluded that Stonehenge was “the ancient healthcare centre of southern England”because of the existence of “bluestones”---the smaller columns of dolerite（辉绿岩）that formed an earlier stone structure.By dating pieces of remains to around 7330 BC, Tim Darvill, of Bournemouth University, and Goff Wainwright, of the Society of Antiquaries have found that hunter-gatherers were at the site on Salisbury Plain 4,000 years earlier than thought. The first stage of Stonehenge, a round earthwork structure, was built around 3000 BC. Professor Wainwright added: “I did not expect the degree of complexity we discovered. We‟re able to say so much more about when Stonehenge was built and why---all of which changes our previous understanding of the monument.”The research reveals the importance of the henge‟s famous bluestones. Hundreds of bluestone chips gathered at the site have led the team to conclude that the bluestones were valued for their curing effects---the key reason that about 80 of them, each weighing up to 4 tons and a half, were dragged more than 150 miles from the Preseli Hills to Wiltshire. After years of research, Professors Darvill and Wainwright have concluded that, for thousands of years, the Preseli mountain range was home to magical health centers and holy wells.Even today there are those who believe in the curing powers of the springs for coughs and heart disease, and people who use crystals and bluestones for self-curing. Radiocarbon tests have also revealed that the construction of the original bluestone circle took place around 2300 BC, three centuries later than originally thought. Interestingly, on the same day died the “Amesbury Archer”---a sick traveler from the Swiss or German Alps who had an infected knee---whose remains were discovered about five miles from Stonehenge. The professors believe that he was a devoted religious person who was hoping to benefit from the curing powers of the monument.93.Stonehenge is recently believed to be a place for people_________________________ .A. to recover from poor healthB. to observe star movementsC. to hold religious ceremoniesD. to gather huge bluestones94.What can be inferred about Stonehenge from the passage?A. The springs could cure coughs and heart disease best.B. The new discovery was the same as what had been expected.C. Some huge bluestones were not produced at Stonehenge.D. The original bluestone circle was thought to be constructed around 2000 BC.95.The sick traveler in the passage is supposed to be_______________________________.A. a devoted religious person from StonehengeB. one of the earliest discoverers of StonehengeC. the first explorer to test the magical power of bluestonesD. a patient trying to cure his infection at Stonehenge96.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Stonehenge: A New Place of InterestB. Stonehenge: Still Making NewsC. Stonehenge: Heaven for AdventurersD. Stonehenge: Still Curing PatientsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Being a social butterfly just might change your brain: In people with a large network of friends and excellent social skills, certain brain regions are bigger and better connected than in people with fewer friends, a new study finds.The research suggests a connection between social interactions and brain structure. “We're interested in how your brain is able to allow you to find the right way in complex social environments,”MaryAnn Noonan said, a neuroscientist (神经学家) at Oxford University. Studies in monkeys have shown that brain areas involved in face processing and in predicting the intentions of others are larger in animals living in large social groups than in ones living in smaller groups.To investigate these brain differences in humans, Noonan and her colleagues found 18 participants for a structural brain-imaging study. They asked people how many social interactions they had experienced in the past month, in order to determine the size of their social networks. As was the case in monkeys, some brain areas were enlarged and better connected in people with larger social networks. “These different brain regions are all singing different songs,” Noonan said. “Networked areas are all singing the same song, and when they're connected better, they're singin g more harmoniously with each other.”The researchers also tested whether the size of a person's social network was linked with changes in white-matter pathways, the nerve fibers(纤维) that connect different brain regions. Again, they found that white-matter pathways were better connected in people with bigger social networks. "The nerves were more like a Los Angeles freeway than a country road," Noonan said.The researchers couldn't say whether social interaction caused these changes in brain structure and connectivity, or whether the brain determined how social someone was. In the case of the monkeys, the researchers asked and wrote down the size of the animals' social network, so they concluded that social-group size was causing the brain differences. It can be inferred that a similar process takes place in human brains, but to prove this, long-term studies are needed, Noonan told Live Science.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)97.The certain brain regions in people with fewer friends are ______.98.According to Noonan, the certain brain areas whose functions are to _________ are larger inmore-sociable monkeys.99. How did Noonan and her colleagues know about the size of participants‟ social networks?100. According to the researcher‟s findings, what would make the brains of monkeys different?第II卷II. Translation（9+20%）Section IDirections: Complete the sentences, using the proper phrases you have learnt.1.He felt relieved _________________________(没有了恐吓邮件和巨额债务的干扰).2.In the near future we will have ______________________ (追求高品质生活的更有文化的一代人).3.My grandpa now can ______________________(带着新奇的眼光使用文字处理器).4.Even children in the mountainous areas can also_________________________(有机会接触到复杂的操作程序).5.Although Tom cannot speak, he can____________________________(他能够用手写方式记录情感障碍).6.Harrison racked his brains to____________________________(想出一个解决饥饿和贫困的办法)。

成都七中高2013级高三上学期英语第三次月考参考答案第一部分听力测试（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）1-5 BBABC 6-10 ACAAB 11-15 CACCB 16-20 BCBCA第二部分阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）21-24 BDDC 25-27 CDD 28-31 BCDA 32-35 CADA 36-40 DGECA第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每题1.5分，满分30分）41-45 DBACB 46-50 ABDCA 51-55 DBACC 56-60 ADBCA第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）61. society 62. a 63. to prevent 64. would drop 65. be guaranteed 66. what 67. Faced 68.with 69. more 70. himself第四部分：写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)1. How—What2. got —get3. Remembering—Remember4. they— it5. life —lives6. 删去for7. any — some8. clean —cleaning9. comfortable 后加with 10. helping—help第二节书面表达(满分25分)One possible version:An important choice I have madeLife is full of choices, and to live is to choose.It was not until last year when I was asked to decide on arts or science that I came to realize the importance of making choices. My caring parents suggested I go in for science for a promising future career. Having assessed my strengths and weaknesses, I myself, however, was determined to take up arts instead since history and English were what interested me most. For the first time ever, I have followed my heart and enjoyed everything all along.I pride myself on making the choice on my own, which brings me a sense of fulfillment and dignity. Definitely, it’s also a milestone moment for me to think for myself and learn to be responsible for my own future.。

2015-2016学年度第一学期十一校联考（附答案）II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A(16分)(A)Strange things happen when you travel …The Johnson family expected to see some whales when they rented a boat to sail around the Australian coast. But they didn’t ex pect a 30-foot humpback whale to leap out of the ocean onto their boat. Amazingly, no one was seriously hurt, not even (25) whale.If you think that’s unbelievable, how about the story of Roger Lausier? Aged four, he had wandered away from his mother on Salem beach, Massachusetts and (26) (save) from drowning by a woman called Alice Blaise. After nine years, Roger was on the same beach when he saw a man fall overboard. Roger saved his life. The man turned out to be Alice Blaise’s husband.Some of the most unbelievable travel stories, it seems, are about a pet. Charlie, a cat who decided to take a nap inside the engine of his neighbour’s car and was found after (27)(drive) 160 miles away. Luckily for him, he was completely unhurt.What about the things people lose and find when they are travelling? Rings top the list. In Hawaii, Ken Da Vico, who is a professional diver, claims (28) (find) about fifteen wedding rings a year in the sea. He returns many of them to their owners. (29) a fish eats the ring, there is still hope. There are many reports (30) rings are found years later inside the stomachs of sharks, and other kinds of fish.(B)The World’s Best RestaurantOne day, my colleague and I went to visit a factory in Marinjab. As we drove back along the long road, (31) of us were hungry and tired. Our only hope was of finding a small roadside café to have some weak tea and a little sugar.Just then we came to a village made of small huts with flat roofs. Outside one of the many huts (32) (be) a sign, “ghahvehkhaneh” (café) so we went in. It was cool inside, and the owner came in from the back and greeted us. “Good afternoon,” he said, (33)perfect English. “My name is Hosseini. We do not usually get any f oreigners here. It will be a pleasure and an honour to prepare a meal for you.”A pale-faced lady appeared with a tablecloth, and some knives and forks, shortly followed by Mr Hosseini himself, (34) (carry) a couple of bowls of soup. (35) (make) with spinach and yoghurt, it was the most delicious soup I have ever eaten. Soon, the next courses arrived. We ate in silence, and finished with Turkish coffee. We asked Mr Hosseini how much it (36) (cost), and I can tell you it was astonishingly cheap.I told a lot of friends about the meal I had, but no one believed me. “How (37)you get such a meal in such a remote place?” an English engineer friend asked me.A few months (38) (late), I returned on exactly the same route with this engineer friend. We reached the village but there was no sign of the café. It seemed (39) the building had never existed. We drove away disappointed. Naturally, my companion laughed at me. “You have a wonderful imagination,” he said. I don’t have an y explanation. I only know that I definitely had a meal in this village, in a café (40) , ever since, I have called “the world’s best restaurant”.Reality TV began in the early 1980s, when a Japanese television company made a programme, Endurance. Starting with thousands of contestants in the first show, the programme presenters made them do really difficult and 41 things in every episode(集). The presenters made fun of the contestants, too. Viewing 42 in Japan were enormous.In another reality TV programme, Survivor, sixteen people are taken to a(n) 43 island and made to stay there for more than a month. They have to find their own food or go hungry. The producers let the contestants take one luxury item each. Every three days, one contestant must leave the island and the last person wins £1 million.It’s not just adults who take part in these shows. A television 44 in Britain in 2003, That’ll teach ‘em, took 30 teenagers and put them in a(n) 45 King’s school, where they lived for o ne month and received 1950s-style tuition. The pupils were made to wear thick 1950s school uniforms (including a school hat) during the hot summer and they had to do a long run every day. “They made us have cold showers and we had to have our hands 46 every day to see if they were clean,” says one pupil. “We couldn’t take anything from our modern lives into the school.” Although there was no prize money in this programme, the teenagers learned a lot from the experience.In 2004, there was a programme in Britain where contestants were not 47 to sleep for seven days to try to win £97,000 prize money. The winner was 19-year-old Clare Southern. However, this programme had many 48 from viewers.But where will it stop? Programmes like this are 49 all over the world. But there are people who think that these programmes 50 both the contestants and the viewers, and feel that contestants are often made to do dangerous things to make good television.III. Reading Comprehension Section A(15分)Think of three historical figures. What do you know about them? Where did you get your information from? The chances are that you either read it somewhere or someone who read it somewhere told you about it. Did you ever 51 who wrote down these facts? How can you be sure that they are 52 ? The thing is, many historical “facts” are not like what you know about them.Let’s think about the 53 of America. What’s the first name that comes to mind? More than likely it’s Christopher Columbus. But is it the case? He had 54 to reach Asia and that’s where he thought he was when he came to America. But there were many people there before him. The first ones were 55 the Native Americans, thousands of years before 1492. Even the Vikings had made a number of expeditions, with Leif Eriksson landing there in around 1000 A.D. Perhaps Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian explorer, was the discoverer of America. 56 , unlike Columbus before him, he was the first fifteen-century explorer to realize where he w as, or rather, where he definitely wasn’t. So, maybe the word “re-discover” is more 57 when it comes to Columbus, if history is to give him any credit at all.Everyone believes such historical “facts” because, like you, they got them from what they th ought was a 58 source. But how can such things be written down in the first place? One of the reasons must be that history is seldom “cut and dried”. The events are often complicated and 59 . Another reason is that such “facts” always 60 a grain of truth. Columbus was not the first person to travel to America,but he was the first fifteen-century explorer to go there. His “re-discovery” was, from a historical point of view, extremely 61 for Europe since his voyages opened up large-scale commerce between Europe and America.History has 62 been written by the winners. If the conquered peoples had written the history of the discovery of the New World, it would most probably have been very different, but not necessarily objective: the point of view of the conquered can be just as 63 as the point of view of the conqueror. But that is not the 64 story. The writing of history depends not only on the “side” the writer is on, but also on the culture and attitudes of the era it is written in.History is always 65 . So, remember: when you read history, take it with a pinch of salt.51. A. go over B. make up C. see to D. think about52. A. complete B. funny C. strange D. true53. A. conquer B. development C. discovery D. foundation54. A. gone on B. set out C. turned out D. taken on55. A. certainly B. historically C. necessarily D. unbelievably56. A. In addition B. After all C. To sum up D. For example57. A. accurate B. common C. harmonious D. familiar58. A. political B. secret C. reliable D. thorough59. A. messy B. clear C. proper D. evil60. A. exhibit B. overlook C. abandon D. contain61. A. pointless B. significant C. troublesome D. purposeful62. A. traditionally B. exceptionally C. marvelously D. unconsciously63. A. impersonal B. changeable C. prejudiced D. thoughtful64. A. real B. whole C. famous D. false65. A. inevitable B. important C. unexpected D. subjectiveSection B (24分)(A)Home to 8.2 million people, 36 percent of whom were born outside the United States, New York, known as the Big Apple, is the biggest city in America. Nearly twenty times bigger than the capital, Washington DC, you might expect New York to be tw enty times more dangerous. Actually, it’s safer. Recent figures show that New York now has fewer crimes per 100,000 people than 193 other US cities. It’s also healthier than it used to be. For example, the smoking rate has gone down from 21.5 percent a few years ago, to 16.9 percent today.New Yorkers should be delighted, shouldn’t they? In fact, many feel that New York is losing its identity. It used to be the city that never sleeps. These days it’s the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty (at least, not in public). The Big Apple is quickly turning into the Forbidden Apple.If you decided to have a picnic in Central Park, you’d need to be careful—if you decided to feed the birds with your sandwich, you could be arrested. It’s banned. I n many countries a mobile phone going off in the cinema is annoying. In New York it’s illegal. So is putting your bag on an empty seat in the subway. If you went to a bar for a drink and a cigarette, that would be OK, wouldn’t it? Er … no. You can’t smoke in public in New York City. In fact, you can’t smoke outdoors on the street or in parks either. The angry editor of Vanity Fair magazine, Graydon Carter, says, “Under New York City law it is acceptable to keep a gun in your place of work, but not an empty ashtray.” He should know. The police came to his office andtook away his ashtray.But not all of New York’s inhabitants are complaining. Marcia Dugarry, seventy-two, said, “The city has changed for the better. If more cities had these laws, America would be a better place to live.”The new laws have helped turn the city into one of the healthiest—and most pleasant places to live in America—very different from its old image of a dirty and dangerous city. Its pavements are almost litter-free, its bars cle an and its streets among America’s safest. Not putting your bag on subway seats might be a small price to pay.66. The author writes Paragraph 1 in order to tell the reader that New York is _____.A. bigger than Washington D.C.B. the city with most immigrantsC. safer and healthierD. the most populated city in the U.S.67. Which of the following is forbidden by law in New York?A. Eating sandwich in the Central Park.B. Putting a bag on an empty subway seat.C. Turning on the sound of the mobile phone.D. Smoking at home.68. What does Graydon Carter imply?A. Some of New York’s new laws are not reasonable.B. A gun is much easier to get than an ashtray.C. The police had no right to take away his ashtray.D. There should be a law to keep guns away from people.69. What is the author’s attitude towards New York’s new laws?A. Supportive.B. Negative.C. Neutral.D. Uninterested70. All of the following are very likely to be invited to the debate advertised above EXCEPT _____.A. doctorsB. biologistsC. engineersD. accountants71. What is the topic of the debate?A. The reason why reading our genes won’t be as expensive as it is now.B. The changes that personlised healthcare may bring about.C. How health apps will become in the future.D. How society responds to technology development.72. Which of the following statements is true according the advertisement?A. Reading people’s genes will soon be as easy as taking a beach holida y.B. Handheld electronics play a very important part in the development of medicine.C. It’s not certain whether this new era of healthcare will do us good or not.D. Scientists and health services are well prepared for the changes that may happen.(C)In 1851, Auguste Comte, the French philosopher and father of sociology, coined the new word altruism as part of a drive to create a non-religious religion based on scientific principles.He defined it as “intentional action for the welfare of othe rs that involves at least the possibility of either no benefit or a loss to the actor”. At that time, studies of animal behavior and phrenology (颅相学) led him to locate egotistical (自我本位的) instincts at the back of the brain, altruistic ones at the front.Today, we have a far more sophisticated knowledge of the neurological (神经学的) and biochemical factors that underpin kind behavior. And this science forms the bases of two books aimed at general readers—but also at those who, despite the research, still doubt the existence of altruism.However, the books may end up providing more information for the naysayers. Take The Altruistic Brain by neuroscientist Donald Pfaff. On solid scientific ground, he builds a five-step theory of how altruism occurs, which depends on an idea that is unconvincing and may achieve the opposite result. Pfaff argues that to act altruistically you should first visualize the receiver of your good will, then mentally transform their image into your own, “from angle to angle and curve to curve”. Does it really work?At the core of evolutionary biologist David Sloan Wilson’s Does Altruism Exist?is another contentious (有争议的) idea: altruism has evolved as the result of group selection. But Wilson argues his corner masterfully, providing a clever reply to the belief that natural selection occurs only at the level of the selfish gene: “Selfishness beats altruism within groups. Altruistic groups beat selfish groups,” he says.In other words, we cooperate when doing so gives our team the advantage. That doesn’t sound very selfless either.Wilson acknowledges this, but argues that thoughts and feelings are less important than actions.A ccording to evolutionary theory, pure altruists do exist, but it doesn’t matter why people choose to help others—their reasons may be difficult even for themselves to understand. What matters is that humans can coordinate their activities in just the right way to achieve common goals. Other animals do this too, but we are masters. “Teamwork is the signature adaptation of our species,” he says.Pfaff goes further, insisting that our brain biology “urges us to be kind”. He believes this knowledge alone will inspire individuals to be more altruistic. His desire to create a better world is admirable and some of his ideas are interesting, but Wilson’s analysis is clearer.While it is in our nature to be altruistic, Wilson says, we also have a healthy regard for self-interest and a resistance to being pushed around. Which one comes to the fore depends on the environment in which we find ourselves. Ethics, he says, cannot be taught at individual level, but are “a property of the whole system”.73. Which of the fol lowing can be considered an altruistic behaviour according to Comte’s definition?A. A person offers to donate his liver to another who needs one.B. A clerk returns the umbrella to his colleague which he has kept for a long time .C. A student volunteers to work in the orphanage to collect data for his research.D. A police officer spots a car parking in the no-parking area, finding a child in the trunk.74. The word “naysayers” (in paragraph 4) most probably means _____.A. people who take a positive attitudeB. people who doubts somethingC. people who have no say in an areaD. people who are experts in an area75. What does Donald Pfaff think people should do in order to altruistically?A. Draw a picture of the person they are going to help.B. Transform the receiver into a kind person.C. Visualize what they are going to do in mind first.D. Imagine they themselves are to be helped.76. Which of the following statements is David Sloan most likely to agree with in his book?A. Being kind is not something people are born with.B. People in groups are less likely to be selfish.C. People may well act selflessly because of where they are.D. Most people know clearly why they are ready to help others.77. What can be concluded from the passage?A. Figuring out what makes us behave selflessly is a tricky business.B. Unlike Donald Pfaff’s book, David Sloan’s book aims at professional readers.C. Comte’s definition of altruism proves to be impractical in mo dern times.D. Both Donald Pfaff and David Sloan lay emphasis on team work.Section D (8分)Ellie is a psychologist, and a good one at that. Smile in a certain way, and she knows precisely what your smile means. She listens to what you say, processes every word, works out the meaning of your pitch, your tone, your posture, everything. She is at the top of her game but, according to a new study, her greatest advantage is that she is not human.When faced with tough or potentially embarrassing questions, people often do not tell doctors what they need to hear. Yet the researchers behind Ellie, led by Jonathan Gratch at the Institute for CreativeTechnologies, in Los Angeles, suspected from their years of monitoring human interactions with computers that people might be more willing to talk if presented with an avatar, that is, a virtual figure. To test this idea, they put 239 people in front of Ellie to have a chat with her about their lives. Half were told (truthfully) they would be interacting with an artificially intelligent virtual human (AIVH); the others were told (falsely) that Ellie was a bit like a puppet, and was having her strings pulled remotely by a person.Designed to search for psychological problems, Ellie worked with each participant in the study in the same manner. She started every interview with ice-breaking questions, such as, “Where are you from?” She followed these with more clinical ones, like, “How easy is it for you to get a good night’s sleep?” She finished with questions intended to lighten the participant’s mood, for instance, “What are you most proud of?”Dr Gratch and his colleagues report that, though every participant interacted with the same avatar, their experiences differed markedly based on what they believed they were dealing with. Those who thought Ellie was under the control of a human operator reported greater fear of disclosing personal information, and said they managed more carefully what they expressed during the session, than did those who believed they were simply interacting with a computer.This quality of encouraging openness and honesty, Dr Gratch believes, will be of particular value in assessing the psychological problems of soldiers—a view shared by America’s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency, which is helping to pay for the project.Soldiers value being tough, and many avoid seeing psychologists at all costs. That means conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which military men and women particularly suffer, often get dangerous before they are caught. Ellie could change things for the better by secretly informing soldiers with PTSD that she feels they could be a risk to themselves and others, and advising them about how to seek treatment.(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. According to the passage, Ellie is actually a(n)avatar / virtual figure / virtual psychologist / virtual human.79. The experiment with 239 people proves that people are more open and honest with an AIVH.80. During the chat, soon after some ice-breaking questions, Ellie asked interviewees other questions in order to find out what was wrong with them.81. Why is Dr. Gratch’s research valuable for soldiers in particular?Soldiers avoid seeing psychologists.第Ⅱ卷I. Translation(22分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 人们普遍认为颐和园是北京最美丽的公园之一。

上海高考生&上海试卷联合推送建平中学$交大附中2016学年十月联合月考卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection A (10%)Directions: After reading the sentences or passages below, fill in the blanks to make the sentences or passagescoherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of thegiven word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each other.The world's (1)__________(famous)heart surgeon,the Egyptian Professor,Sir Magdi Yacoub,has transplantedmore hearts than anyone else.To the countless people whose lives he has transformed and saved,he is a hero.ProfessorYacoub (2)_____________(inspire) in his work by his father,who was a general surgeon.Now 66 years old,professor Yacoub still retains his energy and extraordinary enthusiasm for his career.For 43years,he has dealt with desperate patients(3)__________combination pf poor diet,inactive lifestyle and stress overloadhave caused them to ask for his help.(4)_________ ___________all these experiences,he is very aware of therole of good nutrition and regular exercise in maintaining good health.He eats very well and swims early eachmorning.Professor Yacoub's life is always hectic(狂热的).(5)____________a donor heart has suddenly beenfound,then anoperation has to take place quickly.He works long hours;he says there are no regular hours for a heart surgeon,as thesurgery _________take place when it needs to be carried out.For relaxation, professor Yacoub enjoys (7)___________(garden) even grows orchids,One dream of his is to goto the Amazon one day(8)________(see) the rare plants there.He is patron of the Chain of Hope charity,which aims totake medical expense to the developing world.Specialist teams give their time free and travel all over the world toplaces such as Mozambique and Jamaica to train local surgeons in techniques that (9)________ (save) lives .Thischarity also brings needy children to the West (10)___________necessary heart surgery.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note thatthere is one word more than you need.(A)Valuable By-Products of Space Research页11 共/ 页1 第上海高考生&上海试卷联合推送Research that went into developing the highly specialized technology for space travel has resulted in manyunexpected 21 applications back on earth. Out of the engineering that produced rocket motor, space suits,and other necessities of space flight came by products that no one had anticipated. Equipment and22designed for use in medicine, industry, and the home, these valuable by products of space research, called spin offs,have improved the quality of life on earth in many ways.Some of the best-known examples of spin-offs from space research are found in hospitals and doctors' offices. Onesuch example is the sight switch, which was originally developed to allow astronauts to control their spacecraft withoutusing their hands. It is now used by 23 people to operate devices using eye movements.Doctors have also benefited from the technology required to make electronic instruments small enough and durableenough for trips into space. From this technology have come hearing aids the size of an aspirin and television camerassmall enough to be 24 to a surgeon's head to give medical students a close-up view of an operation.Biotelemetry, which was developed to 25 the physical signs of astronauts by checking theirtemperature, brain-wave activity, breathing rate, and heartbeat, offers doctors a new means of monitoring hospitalpatients. Biosensors attached to the body send data by wire or radio. This information is displayed on 26 fordoctors to analyze.One of the most valuable 27 of aerospace technology to industry is a managementtechnique calledthe systems approach. With the aid of computers, this technique brings together all the elements of a complex project,including people, money, and materials, to assure that everything is completed at the optimum time. It has been appliedto a variety of situations 28 to space exploration. Among them are cancer research, hospital design, cityplanning, crime detection, pollution control, building construction, and transportation.The experience gained from developing NASA spacesuits was applied to the process of designing clothing for usein other 29 . Firefighters now have lighter and special fire blocking materials that are more 30to cracking and burning. Spacers used for cushioning in moon boots were adapted for use in athletic shoes that aredesigned to reduce fatigue and injury.(B)页11 共/ 页2 第上海高考生&上海试卷联合推送If your parents take out a loan, remind them to make the payments on time. Otherwise it will become a(n) 31big role in people's daily lives. A story 32 record in their personal credit reports, which are playing a(n)this trend. 33 carried by Chongqing Morning Post in June,university his 34 borrowed money from the bank to student According to the report, a Chongqingstudies. After he graduated in 2005, he went to work in Shenzhen. Later, he wanted to buy a house using loans. But. The reason was that he had not paid back 1,500 yuan he borrowed 35 several banks turned down his loanfrom a bank when he was at university.“pass”in everyday life, as China establishes a nationwide 36 A personal credit rating is becoming a(n)credit database. Personal credit systems go back 150 years. In developed countries, enterprises and banks use them todecide whether or not to loan money or do other business with a person. a(n) country. It is a the credit worthiness of an individual, company, or even a report A credit 37made by credit bureaus of a borrower's overall credit history and his or her ability to repay debt. A poor credit 38of a loan by the lender. 39 rating means a high risk of defaulting on a loan, and thus leads to theof a credit report. But in the future, reports will 40 Today in China, credit history in banks is the majorinclude information about the payment of telephone bills, water use fees, electricity and natural gas bills, and taxes,according to officials of the People's Bank of China, the central bank.The secrets of long life. So what's the A long healthy life is no accident. It begins with good genes, but it also depends on good ___41___formula for success? In a recent study, scientists have focused on groups living in several refions where exceptionallongevity is the norm: Sardinia, Italy, Loma Linda, California, and the islands of Okinawa, Japan. Sardinians页11 共/ 页3 第上海高考生&上海试卷联合推送Why do they live so long? __42__ is part of the answer. By 11 a.m. Tonino has already milked four cows, choppedwood and walked four miles with his sheep. Now, taking the day's first break, he gathers his grown children,grandson, around the kitchen table. Giovanna, his wife, unties a handkerchief containing a paper-thin flatbread calledcarta da musica, pours some red wine, and cut slices of homemade cheese.These Sardinians also benefit from their __43__ history. According to Paolo Francalacci of the University of Sassari,80 percent of them are __44__the first Sardinians, who arrived in the area 11,000 years ago. Genetic traits madestronger over generations may favor longevity. __45__, too, is a factor.The Sardinians diet is loaded with fruits andvegetables, milk and milk products, fish and wine. Most of these items are homegrown.AdventistsThe study found that the Adventists' habit of consuming beans, soy milk, tomatoes, and other fruits__46__their riskof developing certain cancers. It also suggested that eating whole wheat bread, drinking five glasses of water a day,and, most __47__, consuming four servings of nuts a week reduced their risk of heart disease. And itfound that noteating red meat had been helpful in avoiding both cancer and heart disease.OkinawansThe first thing you notice about Ushi Okushima is her __48__. It fills the room with pure joy. This rainy afternoon shesits comfortably wrapped in a blue kimono. Her thick hair is combed back from her suntanned face, revealing alertgreen, eyes. Not long ago, she started wearing perfume. When asked about the perfume, she __49__that she has a newboyfriend.__50__behavior for a young woman, perhaps, but Ushi is 103.With an average life expectancy of 78 years for men and 86 years for women, Okinawans are among the world'slongest lived people. This is undoubtedly due in part to Okinawans warm and __51__ climate and scenic beauty.Senior citizens living in these islands tend to enjoy years __52__disabilities. Okinawans have very low rates of cancerand heart disease compared to American seniors.A lean diet of food grown on the island and a philosophy of __53__--- may also be a factor. “eat until your stomach is80 percent full.”may also be factors. Ironically, this healthy way of eating was born of __54__.Ushi Okushima grewup barefoot and poor, her family grew sweet potatoes, which formed the core of every meal. During World War II,when the men of the island joined the army, Ushi and her friend Setsuko fled to the center of the island with their页11 共/ 页4 第联合推送上海高考生&上海试卷（B）In today's American society, background checks have become a routine part of hiring process.Employers use them to assess ___56____ workers, judging whether they are qualified for the posts.Through background checks, employers can also make sure that the information applicants provide is____57___, which suggests the applicants' moral quality.Then what do background checks investigate? Many ____58___ a review of the employee's___59____ history trying to confirm whether the employee has ever been fired or forced to resign.Employers also pay attention to the length of unemployment, afraid that long-time absence from___60____ may bring negative influence to the employee's performance. Sometimes, an applicant'sresidential history is also an issue. Jobs with state or local governments often require that the employeelive in certain areas, ___61____the chances for them to have contact withill-intentioned people.Besides, living near the work place is always ___62____as it saves time and fares on transportation.Another item which can't be ____63___ is the applicant's criminal history --- whether he has ever beenarrested or put into prison. Although __64__ offences like traffic ticketing or queue jumping areusually pardoned, breaking a criminal law is rarely spared and, in most cases, is sure to result in the____65___ of the employment. Then comes the social history. A background check that involves theapplicant's social history is generally needed for government posts or employment in finance and lawindustries that require greater self-dicipline. A small mistake in these ____66___ may result in hugeloss. The investigation usually checks drug use, family relationships and social contacts, in order toavoid ___67____someone unsuitable for the posts. Background investigators who look into socialhistory may interview neighbors and professional references recognized by the applicant.Finally in the field of education background, an application form may ask for copies of licenses oruniversity diplomas to show the applicant's __68__ performances. In many instances, an educationbackground check is so particular about ____69___ that investigators even confirm the date on whichthe employee earned his degree to determine if it ___70____ the information the employee provided onhis application.56.A.efficientB.specialC.potentialD.ordinarypetitive58.A.explainB.implyC.describeD.include59.A.healthBemploymentC.studyD.finance页11 共/ 页5 第联合推送上海高考生&上海试卷educationD.C.family60.A.workB.schoolofferingD.C.promotingB.61.A.reducingstandingimpossibledifficult 62.A.B.flexibleD.welcomeC.neglectedestimatedD.developed63.A.C.includedB.A.64.B.normalD.easyC.minorreasonableA.endingcontinyingC.D.protectingB.spreading65.A.degrees66.D.contactsC.postsB.checksA.rejectingB.omitting67.hiringrewardingC.D.A.D.68professionalathleticacademicC.socialB.A.interestsB.69.scoresD.C.detailsbehaviorsA.brings about70.keeps uprefers toC.agrees withB.D.is behavior than influence on human but genes apparently have a far greater may Biology not be everything,commonly thought. Similarities ranging from hobbies to bodily gesture are being found in pairs separated at birth. Manyof these behaviors are “things you would never think of looking at if you were going to study the genetics of behavior,”Bouchard, Jr. , director of the Minnesota Center for Twin and Adoption Research at says psychologist Thomas J.the University of Minnesota.with completed have been psychological far, exhaustive tests and questionnaires Bouchard reports that soapproximately 50 pairs of identical twins reared apart, 25pairs of fraternal twins reared apart andcomparison groups oftwins reared together. “We were amazed at the similarity in posture and expressive style,”says Bouchard. “It's probablyudy that's grabbed us the most.”Twins tend to have similar mannerisms, gestures, speed and tempo thefeature of the stin talking, habits and jokes. Many of the twins dressed in similar fashion--one male pair who had never previously metarrived in England sporting identical beards, haircuts, glasses and shirts.however, came from a pair of twins 精神病理学），The most striking example of common psychopathology(-middle-raised apart. One had been reared by his own(poor) family the other had been adopted into a “good solid upperntrol, and both class family.”Both are now considered to be antisocial personalities,suffering from lack of impulse cohave criminal histories. Although the twins share, on average, 50 percent ot their genes, Bouchard suggests that theoverlap is probably considerably more with this pair.Personality similarities between the identical twins raised apart are almost the same as they are with identical twinsraised together, according to the results of a test developed by University of Minnesota psychologist Auke Tellegen.being.”The -“social closeness,””harm avoidance”and”wellscales His personality questionnaire contains such asfor and respect trait that”traditionalism”--a implying conservatism to researchers were especiallysurprised findauthority--can be inherited. In fact, says Bouchard, his and other studies have found about 11 personality traits thatappear to have significant genetic input.Overall, the emerging findings of the Minnesota study constitute a powerful disproof of those who maintain thatenvironmental influences are the primary shaping forces of personality. The textbooks are going to have to be rewritten,Bouchard predicts.Why does Bouchard say these behaviors are “things you would never think of looking at if you were going to study 80. the genetics of behavior?”页11 共/ 页6 第上海高考生&上海试卷联合推送A. These behaviors seemed too unimportant for scientists to observe.B. These behaviors seemed too intimate to allow scientists to observe them.C. Psychologists assumed these external characteristics could not be biologically based.D. Psychologists assumed the causes of these behaviors were too complicated for current methodsof observations.81.The word “identical”(in para.3) most probably means________.A. fashionableB. alikeC. complexD. identified82.According to the passage, Auke Tellegen agrees that _______________.A.some textbooks on genes and behavior will be rewritten quite soon.B.people's behaviors and personalities depend at large on their genesC.his personality questionnaire can indicate people's 11 personality traitsD.the environmental influences have great effect on people's personalities81.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.Twins generally share the same hobbies and gestures if they are raised apart.B.Genes have a greater influence on human behavior than is commonly thought.C.People from upper-middle-class family are the same as those from poor family.D.Twins tend to dress in similar fashion even when brought up in different families.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used onlyonce. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Sports stars have a natural advantageScientists have identified the clear biological advantages that give the world's sporting champions a head start inlife before they have even begun their rigorous training programmes.The coach for the French Olympic team says:”we measure special attributes between the ages of 16 and 18. Butonly one in 10,000 people has the physical aspects needed to compete at the very top level in sporting events. _82____ .We take into account the height, strength and endurance of a person. We also regard mental application as important,how an individual reacts when the competition gets really tough.”Scientists say that medical evidence is playing an increasingly important role in the selection of athletes. A study ofthe 40-year dominance of Kenyan runners in long distance athletic events has revealed that 45 percent of them comefrom the Nandi tribe. What is remarkable is that this tribe makes up only 3 percent of the Kenyanpopulation.__83_____.Athletic organizations consider these genetic factors a good indicator when selecting sthletes to produce superiorrunning performances.__84____. For example, David Beckham's bandy legs have been partly credited with helping to put a spin on thefootball when he takes a free kick for England. Other biological characteristics are more measurable. The American页11 共/ 页7 第上海高考生&上海试卷联合推送tennis player, Andy Roddick, has the fastest serve in the game. He is able to arch his back so much that it increases therotation of his arm to 130 degrees. This is 44 percent better than the average professional player and this allows themto drive the ball over the net at 240 kilometers per hour. Michael Phelps, the 14-times Olympic swimming championhas over-sized feet which act like flippers to propel him through the water.__85_____. Mia Hamm, probably the best all-round woman footballer in the world, produces less than one liter ofsweat an hour when doing vigorous exercise, which is half the human average. When it comes to speed, take the exampleof woman racing driver, Liz Halliday. A normal person would take 300 milliseconds to make a reactive decision. Shecan do it in 260 milliseconds. It may not sound much quicker but at top race speeds, this makes a difference of three carlengths.The difference between success and failure is very small and all these biological factors are crucial in finding futurechampions.Hitting the right buttonIt has been found that in some countries,achievement in some subjects at school is not always goodfor boys as it is girls.It is possible that using computers may be a way to solve this problem.Many boys seem to have a natural liking for computers,but it can often be hard to leave the screenand concentrate on the work the teacher wants them to do.As computers are becoming more and more important in the world of education today,it is naturalto assume that computers can help greatly with boys who do not do too well at school and need to raisetheir general educational standards.Many boys appear to be more confident than girls in using it.andthey need to use computers more frequently ,especially at home.Researchers at universities now think that it could be a really good way ofre-engaging under-achieving boys in the learning process,and teachers have indicated that it does work.They have foundthat,although lots of boys do not seem to like writing in the classroom,when they use a computer theyare more wiling to compose longer pieces of writing and use different styles.The issue of unintelligiblehandwriting is no longer a problem,either,as the neatness and presentation standards rise when boys usea computer to print out their work.Many boys welcome the “hands on”approach ofcomputer,However,researchers and teachersneed to be careful that boys don't just “cut and paste”things that they have found on the internet, buthaven't read,and hand it in as a completed assignment.Some boys overestimate how good they are andthink they can do things without any effort.They need to develop proper research skills and make theirwritten work more structured.Other boys take short cuts,or look at internet sites they haven't beenasked to look at.They may not plan or think carefully about their work,or they may try to finish theirwork quickly.This tendency is not going to be completely cured by using computers.One way to getboys to concentrate properly on the work they have been asked to do may be to encourage them to usetheir computers at home.However,they also need to be set tasks that are interesting and relevant tothem.As in all things,the interaction between the pupil,the teacher and the computer is crucial.页11 共/ 页8 第上海高考生&上海试卷联合推送Translation:你知道如何给别人留下美好的印象吗？（leave）1.知道那时我才意识到我也许是最后知道这件事的人。