英汉翻译教程
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第6课The Miao Dragon Boat Festival (II)The Miao Dragon Boat Festival is different from / differs from the Hans’ / that of the Hans / the Han celebration. Apart from / Besides / In addition to a different date of celebration from that of the Hans’ (which takes place / happens / is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month) , it generally does not include a dragon boat race, but (it) chiefly (includes) visits to friends and relatives in other villages instead. The dragon boat begins its voyage along the river early in the morning / in the early morning, and is received by friends and relatives wherever / at any place where it stops / arrives.When it approaches / comes near a village, an iron blaster is set off to announce its arrival / inform friends and relatives (of its arrival). Villagers on the bank respond with firecrackers / set off firecrackers in response and come to meet it. The hosts present two cups of rice wine to each oarsman / present each oarsman with two cups of rice wine and then tie / fasten gifts—ducks, geese, and colored silks—(on) to the head of the dragon. Gifts for close relatives, like / such as sons-in-law or cousins, are pigs or goats.At about 4 p.m. the boat stops alongside the river bank. The people on the boat eat, with their fingers / without using bowls and chopsticks, meat and glutinous rice balls (which are) placed on the sides of the boat. Women and children on the bank come to “beg”the boatmen for food. Legend had it that if one ate food from a dragon boat, he would be free from disaster and have all his wishes fulfilled, / eating food from a dragon boat would protect one from disaster and fulfill all one’s wishes, which / and that later became a tradition / traditional custom.On the banks of the river are also held / there are also the Miaos’traditional horse races, bullfights and drum dances. Girls in holiday clothes / holiday attire / holiday array / their holiday best dance to (the accompaniment of) (log) drums / (log) drum beats. Young men and women sing antiphonally all through the festival nights; they get to know each other / get acquainted with each other thereby, and often get married / become man and wife later.第7课大本钟大本钟是伦敦最有名的地标之一,也是世界上最大的四钟面时钟之一。
英汉翻译教程——上海外语教育出版社1、John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.约翰为人可靠,他既忠诚又正直。
2、He who would eat the nut must first crack the shell.(前置)要吃核果,必先敲壳。
(要享受果实,必先劳动。
)3、They fought so bravely that the invasion was crushed inseventy-two hours.(后置)他们打得勇敢,七十二小时内就粉碎了敌人的入侵。
(后置)We worked fast and well, so that we overfulfilled our production plan. (后置)我们工作得又快又好,超额完成了生产计划。
(后置)4、He is the last man to come.他是最后来的。
He is the last man to do it.他是绝不会干那件事。
He is the last person for such a job.他最不配干这个工作。
He should be the last (man) to blame.怎么也不该怪他。
He is the last man to consult.根本不宜找他商量。
This is the last place where I expected to meet you.我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。
5、He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately he had a certainreputation. I believe the reputation was not deserved.他是一个正直诚实的人,但不幸有某种坏名声。
我相信他这个坏名声是不该有的。
6、He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds.他欺骗了我,使我成了进行罪恶勾当的工具。
第一章翻译的定义和翻译的原则一、翻译的定义1.Translation is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor.( Columbia Encyclopedia )2. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. ( Eugene A. Nida )3.翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来,以达到沟通思想感情、传播文化知识、促进社会文明,特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。
(孙致礼2003:6 )二、翻译的原则1. Yan Fu (1854-1921)In translation, there are three aspects difficult to bring about: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. It is no easy work to realize ―faithfulness‖! If there is only faithfulness without expressiveness , the translation doesn’t amount to translation. From here we can see expressiveness is of great importance.(译事三难,信,达,雅。
求其信已大难矣!顾信矣不达,虽译犹不译也,则达尚焉)①Japanese army killed millions of innocent people during the war.----那场战争中日本军队屠杀了成百上千无辜的平民②Action is equal to reaction, but it acts in a contrary direction.――作用力与反作用力大小相等,方向相反.③We shall all miss him, but we wish him a long and happy retirement.――我们都会想念他的,我们祝愿他退休后快乐、长寿.④For never was a story of more woe Than this of Juliet and her Romeo.古往今来多少离合悲欢, 谁曾见这样的哀怨辛酸!⑤Crafty men contempt studies, simple men admire them, and wise use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them , won by observation.――有一技之长者鄙读书,无知者慕读书,唯明智之士用读书,然书并不以用处告人,用书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观察得之.2. Fu Lei (1908-1966)①From there I could see the whole valley below, the field, the river , and the village. It was all beautiful, and the sight of it filled me with longing.――从这里望下去,整个山谷一览无遗,只见那田野、河流、村庄,全都美不胜收,真叫我心驰神往.②He carried on a business , but brought his pigs to the wrong market.――他经营生意,可是几乎血本无归.3.Qian Zhongshu①Capri is a gaunt rock of austere outline, bathed in a deep blue sea; but its vineyards, green and smiling, give ita soft and easy grace. It is friendly, remote, and debonair.卡普里岛是一块外形突兀的荒凉的岩石,沐浴在深蓝色的海洋里,但是它的葱绿的葡萄园仿佛在向人微笑,使这个海岛增添了几分令人舒爽的温柔宁静的姿色,卡普里岛远离尘嚣,但景色宣人,生机盎然。
英汉翻译教程张培基第一讲翻译原则简介一、教学目的:了解基本的翻译原则和翻译研究的问题二、教学过程:1.翻译的定义和内涵:(Definition and Connotation)Translation is an art/ science/craf2.中国几位翻译家的理论(influential translation principles)严复:信达雅-—- faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance。
The “three character guide" is regarded as a plumb—line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating.傅雷:神似--—spiritual conformity。
Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original。
强调原作神韵再现。
钱钟书:化境--—sublimed adaptation. Focus on the translator’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader.刘重德:信、达、切-——faithfulness/expressiveness/closeness.3.中国翻译史上的论争:鲁迅:宁信而不顺-—-rather to be faithful than smooth。
目的:引入英文句式的表达法梁实秋、赵景深:宁顺而不信--—rather to be smooth than faithful 目的:可读性强,便于交流.4.直译与意译:直译—--literal translation意译:free translation直译的例子:crocodile tears鳄鱼的眼泪; armed to the teeth武装到牙齿; chain reaction连锁反应;gentlemen's agreement君子协定; one country, two systems 一国两制;The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流;paper tiger 纸老虎; Breath one’s last——-断气; go to one’s external rest——-安息; the long sleep——-长眠;see Marx 见马克思; Go west 上西天; go to heaven 上天堂; blow out the candles 吹灯拔蜡kick the bucket 蹬腿:直译不等于死译(dead translation):街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生:Women in the street should be called on to do some cleaning.“In the street" should be replaced by “in the community”.她一大早起床,进城,见到了她的公爹:She got up early, went to the town and saw her public father。
英语翻译基础教程总主编:冯庆华主编:冯庆华陈科芳1 “意思”的译法甲:这是一点小意思,请务必收下。
乙:你这个人真是有意思,怎么也来这一套。
甲:哎,只是意思意思,乙:啊,真是不好意思。
译文:A:This is a little gift as a token of my appreciation .Please do take it . B:Oh, aren't you a bit too polite ? you should not do that .A: Well ,it just conveys my gratitude.B: Ah, thank you then ,though i really do not deserve it . 2 “说”(1)阿Q将衣服摔在地上,吐一口唾沫,说:“这毛虫”!《阿Q正传》译文:Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground ,spat ,and swore ,“hairy worm!”(2) “三个臭皮匠,合成个诸葛亮”,这就是说,群众有伟大的创造力。
《毛泽东选集》文: The old saying ,"three cobblers with their wits combined would equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind ,"simple means the masses have great creative power.(3):也不知安居乐业,最早见于什么典籍,四个字一针见血的点名了生活中的一个因果关系。
译文:I can not say in what canon the words "secure in one's home and happy in one's work" first appeared ,but that expression cuts to the core of a primary determinant in human life.3 你们偶然看见一颗花生瑟缩的长在地上,不能立刻分辨出它有没有果实,非得等到你接触到它时你才能知道。
Chapter 1General Principles1.1What Is Translation?Translation is a rendering from one language into another, and is the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language. So translation can be roughly defined as a reproduction or recreation。
Being a very complicated human activity, its whole picture is never easy to describe.Scholars with different academic backgrounds have attemted to define it from various perspectives .For example: The fan ,with its modern,elegant,bright and harmoniously,colored design,is an excellent electrical household appliance for cooling purpose on hot days.( 本电扇,款式新颖, 造型大方,色彩鲜艳, 色泽调和,是炎炎夏日用于消暑纳凉的家电精品.) 2,年近而立之年(He is getting on for thirty.); 3 一次得手,再次不愁. (If it worked once, it can work twice.)So translation is also a science, an art, a craft or skill. Translation mainly includes the following aspects: linguistic, cultural literary, semantic, functional and communicative views on it.1)Linguistic Views on TranslationTranslation theorists from the linguistic school conceive of translation as a linguistic activity and some believe that translation theory is a branch of linguistics.E.G.,He helps us finish the project in every field of their endeavor.2)Cultural View on TranslationIn the cultural approach, translation is regarded not only as a transfer of linguistic signs, but also as a communication of cultures, namely, “intercultural communication.”E. G.(1) There are many starred hotels in the city.(2) He has been to “summer resort.”(3) Here is a “folk customs park”.3) Literary Views on TranslationIt is an artistic recreation or recreated art.E. G.They also like to plant red pepper they know pretty well how to make full use of it, either in front of their doors or behind their houses. This is both practical and fine-looking.四川人食辣椒,也爱种植辣椒,门前屋后,见缝插针,既美观又饱口福。
《英汉翻译教程》第一章总论翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。
(张培基等1983)我国早期典籍《周礼·秋官司寇》篇里就有“象胥”(谓通言语之官)这一名目,唐朝贾公彦所作的《义疏》里提到“译即易,谓换易言语使相解也。
”这条注疏,关于翻译的定义,足以给人不少启发。
用现代文艺理论和语言理论,也许可以诠释为:翻译是把一种语言文字换易成另一种语言文字,而并不变更所蕴含的意义,——或用近年流行的术语说,并不变更所传递的信息,——以达到彼此沟通,互相了解的目的。
(罗新璋1984)一、关于翻译何谓翻译?关于翻译的定义很多。
根据《现代汉语词典》,翻译是“把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来”。
根据《剑桥语言百科全书》,“翻译”这个中性术语是指将一种语言(“原语”)里的词句的意思转变为另一种语言(“目的语”)的意思所做的一切,不论其手段是说话、写字还是做手势。
美国著名翻译理论家奈达认为,所谓翻译,是指从语义到语体在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。
(《奈达论翻译》,1984)有人把翻译看作是一门科学(science),因为它有自身的规律可循;有人看作是一门艺术(art),因为它是译者对原文再创造的过程;也有人看作是一门手艺(craft),因为原语的信息需要用地道恰当的目的语再现。
在自动化数据处理中,翻译又被定义为:“将计算机信息从一种语言转换成另一种语言,或将字符从一种表示转换成另一种表示。
”(《现代科学技术词典》上海科学技术出版社1980)凡此种种,不一而足。
但是,在经济和文化日益全球化的今天,翻译的重要性是有目共睹的。
翻译是国际间理解的钥匙,据说西欧的文明归功于翻译者(据L·G·凯里1979)。
季羡林教授也说,翻译是永葆中华文明青春的万应灵药。
前中国驻联合国代表凌青先生说,从中国来讲,没有翻译工作,就没有中国***和中国近代的革命运动,就没有中国成功的对外开放和四个现代化;从世界范围来讲,没有翻译,就没有世界和平,就没有各种国际交往,就没有一个共同繁荣的美好世界的未来。
《英汉翻译教程》第一章 总论 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确完整地重新表达出来的语言翻译应当把原文的本意,完全正确的介绍给中国读者,使中国读者得到的概念等于英俄日德法等国的读奈达认为更准确地反映出好的翻译的实际过程是:(1)分析:从语法和语义两方面对原文的信息进行词层不对等的情况 词层不对等采取的策略 对等译法的实例 第二章 词语翻译 相关链接 family的------------------------2009年11月30日阅读 三、修辞引申 “言之无文,行之不远。
”为使译文增色,除了真实地再现原作中包含的内容外We should simplify procedures and take prompt action to import urgently needed technology ( Georges 是他的大臣Cardinal Georges )。
本例背景是美国前国务卿黑格辞职,而由 George Schu Despite their differences , their love will conquer. 尽管他们之间存在着分歧,他们的恋爱1.运用语境 这种手段主要用于语篇上找不到明显的衔接标记,但从意义上来讲是连贯统一的。
接表达出来的语言活动。
(张培基等 1983) 我国早期典籍《周礼·秋官司寇》篇里就有“象胥于英俄日德法等国的读者从原文得来的概念。
(瞿秋白:1931) “动态对等”(Dynamic Equivalence)是奈方面对原文的信息进行分析;(2)传译:译者在脑子里把经过分析的信息从原语转译成译语;(3)重新组织:把相关链接 family的译法: 原文:Do you have a family? 译文1:你有家庭吗? 译文2:你成家了吗? 辨析:现原作中包含的内容外,还得讲究修辞。
这样,在翻译时,往往因修辞需要而增添一些引申意义。