Project Management 项目管理

Project Management 项目管理
The project process is adopted by businesses involved in providing tasks normally of considerable magnitude,and usually but not always, carried out on a one-off basis.If the project contains only a few activities,an informal scheduling and control approach can be adopted.However, most projects are complex and involve a large number of interrelated activities and hence it is necessary to develop a formal plan.所涉及的项目过程是通过企业提供的任务通常相当大的规模,通常,但不总是,一次性的基础上进行。

如果项目只包含几个活动,可以采用非正式的调度和控制方法。

然而,大多数项目是复杂的,涉及到大量的相关活动,因此有必要建立一个正式的计划。

The one-time or infrequent nature of these tasks,however,militates against the use of the more traditional scheduling methods.As a result,network analysis has been developed for projects and the principles behind this technique are now described.这些任务的一次性或罕见的性质,然而,不利于使用更传统的调度方法。

因此,网络分析开发项目和现在这种技术描述背后的原则。

Ceneral aspects.The first task is to determine the level of detail on which the activities to complete the task will be based.Often in large projects an overall network will be developed with sub-networks being provided to give control at a more detailed level.After this has been agreed,the activities which have to be completed will be listed.
Ceneral方面。

第一个任务是确定的详细级别的活动来完成任务。

时常会在大型项目的整体网络开发与子网提供给控制在更详细的级别。

这是同意后,将完成上市的活动。

Activities are tasks, which have the time duration.At the start and finish of each activity there will be,in network language, an event which occurs at an instantaneous moment in time and says that the preceding activity (or activities) is (or are) now complete and other activities which depend upon its (or their) completion can now start.These are the two principle building blocks for networks and use the symbols shown below. In addition,these is one further symbol,that of a dummy activity:活动任务,有时间。

在每个活动的开始和结束会有,在网络语言中,一个事件发生在一个瞬间的时刻在时间和说,前面的活动现在已经完成和其他活动取决于其(或他们)完成现在可以开始。

这是两个原则构建块网络和使用如下所示的符号。

此外,这些是一个进一步的象征,一个虚拟的活动:活动
Activity Dummy activity Event活动虚拟活动事件
All the activities listed represent the total task.By building a network,the task is stated as a series of activities,all of which have to be completed for the task to be finished. The key,however,is to build so that the activities are shown in the order in which they have to occur.to do this it is necessary to establish for each activity the other dependency,one or more activities will,however,be independent of any other activities and these have been completed(an event ) then other activities can start and so on. In this way the network is developed.Those activities which follow others are said to be sequential,whilst those which can be completed at the same time as others are said to be paralleled.
代表总列出的所有活动的任务。

通过构建一个网络,任务陈述是一系列活动,所有这些都必须完成的任务来完成。

然而,关键是构建这样的活动所示的顺序发生。

为此有必要为每个活动建立另一个依赖,一个或多个活动,然而,独立于任何其他活动,这些已经完成(事件),那么其他活动可以开始等等。

这样网络发达。

那些跟随他人的活动是连续的,而那些可以同时完成其他平行。

The steps to follow in network construction are:
( a ) Planning. Establishing all the activities or steps to be completed,determining the dependency between these activities and drawing the network.
网络建设的步骤是:
(一)规划。

建立完成的所有活动或步骤,确定这些活动之间的依赖关系和网络。