openingremark

openingremark

第一篇：opening remark

All the talented students: I am very glad that you would like

to join me in touching the most wonderful cultural heritage---poetry.As you know, poetry is the highest form of literature, on

which is really worth spending some time, especially for the

English language learners.I as well as you can not make full use

of our time sometimes, but squander much time in doing

something useless.Why can’t we seize the time, changing every

minute into knowledge? Chairman Mao once wrote: “ so many

deeds cry out to be done, And always urgently.The world rolls on,

Time presses Ten thousand years are too long Seize the day, seize

the hour.Let’s seize every minute, surfing in the sea of human

knowledge.My plan is that we shall discuss 100 poems, 100 short

stories, 100 plays.Everyday, each of us is supposed to discuss a

poem, a short story or a play.And if it is possible, I hope this can

be a lifelong programme.Let’s start with poetry: 1.The definition

of poetry Poetry can defined a school of literature.It is an

imaginative awareness of experience expressed through

meaning, sound, and rhythmic language choices so as to evoke

an emotional response.Poetry has been known to employ meter

and rhyme, but this is by no means necessary.Poetry is an ancient

form that has gone through numerous and drastic reinvention

over time.The very nature of poetry as an authentic and

individual mode of expression makes it nearly impossible to

define.2.Genres of poetry Different forms or genres have

different subjects, aims, conventions and attributes.a.Ballad ,民歌

or literary ballad, is a long singing poem that tells a story(usually

of love or adventure), written in quatrainsthe third line may have internal rhyme.b.Blank Verse无韵体诗 is made up of unrhymed

iambic pentameter lines.c.Elegy 挽歌is a lyric poem written to

commemorate someone who is dead.d.Epigram 讽刺短诗is a

brief, pointed, and witty poem of no prescribed form.e.Free Verse自由体诗 has no identifiable meter, although the lines may have

a rhyme-scheme.f.Heroic Couplet 英雄偶体句is two lines of

rhyming iambic pentameters.g.Limerick五行打油诗 is a five-line

poem in which lines 1, 2, and 5 are anapestic trimeters and lines

3 and 4 are anapestic dimeters, rhymed as aabba.Possible source

of origin is Limerick, Ireland.h.Lyric抒情诗 is a poem of emotional

intensity and expresses powerful feelings.i.Narrative叙事诗 form

is used to tell a story;it is usually made of ballad

stanzasababcdecde, written in iambic meter.k.Parody戏仿诗 is a

humorous imitation of a serious poem.l.Quatrain四行诗 is a four-line stanza with various meters and rhyme

m.Sonnet 十四行诗is a fourteen line poem.1)Italian or

Petrarchan sonnet has two stanzas: the first of eight lines is called

octave and has the rhyme-scheme abba abba;the second of six

lines is called the sestet and has the rhyme cdecde or

cdcdcd.2).Spenserian sonnet, developed by Edmund Spenser, has

three quatrains and a heroic couplet, in iambic pentameter with

rhymes ababbcbccdcdee.3)English sonnet, developed by

Shakespeare, has three quatrains and a heroic couplet, in iambic

pentameter with rhymes ababcdcdefefgg.n.Tercet 三行押运诗is a

three-line stanza;when all three lines rhyme they are called a

triplet.o.Terza Rima 三行体诗consists of interlocking three-line

rhyme scheme(aba, bcb).p.Villanelle维拉内拉诗 is a fixed form

consisting of nineteen lines divided into six stanzas: five tercets

and a a concluding

quatrain.3．Rhythm and Meter韵律和格律 a.foot The foot 韵脚is the metrical unit by which a line of

poetry is measured;it usually consists of one stressed or

accented(')and one or two unstressed or unaccented

syllables(that is, the figurative term is substituted for or identified

with the literal term.c.Synecdoche:提喻 the use of the part for the

whole d.metonymy转喻 the use of something closely related for

the thing actually meant.They are alike in that both substitute

some significant detail or aspect of an experience for the

experience itself.e.Personification抑人 consists in giving the

attributes of a human being to an animal, an object, or a

concept.f.apostrophe, 呼 语which consists in addressing

someone absent or something non human as if it were alive and

present and could reply to what is being said.g.Symbol:象征 A

symbol may be roughly defined as something that means more

than what it is.Image, metaphor, and symbol shade into each

other and are sometimes difficult to distinguish.In general,

however, an image means only what it is;a metaphor means

something other than what it is;and a symbol means what it is

and something more too.h.Allegory:寓言 Allegory is a narrative

or description that has a second meaning beneath the surface