Chapter英汉实用翻译课堂
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新英汉翻译课件教程 Chapter 8 语态转换译法
C. 顺译成 “是……的” 结构
• 英语句子要着重表示的不是受事者受到了某个行 动这样一个事实本身，而是与这个行动有关的一 些具体情况，如时间、地点、方式、方法等。也 就是说，句子里强调的是行动的静态而不是动态 的含义。这样就可以顺译成汉语的“是……的” 的句式。其框架为“受事者——是——动词—— 的”。用这种译法来表现原文陈述的意义，显得 简便灵活。 • 例1：That ridiculous idea was put forward by his brother. • 【译文】这个怪念头是他哥哥想出来的。
• 例3：My holidays afternoons were spent in ramble about the surrounding country. (Washingtonபைடு நூலகம்Irving) • 【译文】每逢假日的下午，我总要漫步周 围的乡村。 • 例4：Illness must be correctly diagnosed before they can be treated with medicine. • 【译文】疾病必须先确诊，再用药。
C. 译成 “叫、让、由、受、遭到、受到、 予、予以、加、加以、引以、为……所、 经……所” 等字句，用以加强说话、表达 语气。
• 例1：You have been wetted in the rain. • 【译文】你叫雨淋湿了。 • 例2：The γ-rays are not affected by an electric field. • 【译文】γ射线不受电场影响。
• • • • •
•
• 例4：Language is a precious possession; it has, in fact, been called the door to knowledge. Knowing how to use language effectively allows us to communicate more clearly, listen more critically, and read more efficiently. Beyond those practical benefits, an interest in words and their mastery provides a lifelong source of pleasure. • 【译文】高超的语言水平乃宝贵财富。诚然，语 言是打开知识宝库大门的钥匙。语言运用得心应 手，便能说得清楚，听得明白，看得真切。推敲 词字，斟酌语句，受益匪浅，其乐无限。
英汉互译Chapter-3-Conversion-of-Parts-of-Speech
Ⅲ Conversion into adjecto adjectives
e.g. ① I respect their views, but I deeply believe in the correctness of my decision.
我尊重他们的看法，但我相信我的决定是正确的． ② We found difficulty in solving this problem.
② 那家伙笨得出奇。
That fellow is a typical fool.
③你说他傻不傻？
Don’t you think he is an idiot?
3. Pronouns converted into nouns
e.g. : ① Radio waves are similar to light waves except that their wave length is much greater.
我们发现解决这个问题是困难的． ③ I’m not a stranger in the city, you cannot cheat me. 我对这个城市不陌生，你骗不了我．
④ There is a limit to one’s youth, but no limit to his wisdom. 青春是有限的，但智慧是无穷的。
eg: ① Naughty children cannot always be punished. 调皮的孩子不应该总受到惩罚。
② Mary maybe being interviewed at this very moment, you should not knock at the door.
③ The life of the unemployed is very hard.
e.g. ① I respect their views, but I deeply believe in the correctness of my decision.
我尊重他们的看法，但我相信我的决定是正确的． ② We found difficulty in solving this problem.
② 那家伙笨得出奇。
That fellow is a typical fool.
③你说他傻不傻？
Don’t you think he is an idiot?
3. Pronouns converted into nouns
e.g. : ① Radio waves are similar to light waves except that their wave length is much greater.
我们发现解决这个问题是困难的． ③ I’m not a stranger in the city, you cannot cheat me. 我对这个城市不陌生，你骗不了我．
④ There is a limit to one’s youth, but no limit to his wisdom. 青春是有限的，但智慧是无穷的。
eg: ① Naughty children cannot always be punished. 调皮的孩子不应该总受到惩罚。
② Mary maybe being interviewed at this very moment, you should not knock at the door.
③ The life of the unemployed is very hard.
英汉汉英翻译实训教程Chapter One Introduction to Translation
[点评] ：
(1)译文1中，well-paved确是“铺设得很好的”，可是，一见到well或good
[译就译文成1“]：好铺”，设显得得很语言好贫的乏公。事路实经上过，英一语排里排的这整两洁个的词在，汉现译代时有的很房多屋译法，。 如：a这w些ell房-be屋ha坐ved落gi在rl“树举中止得。体的姑娘”
[译文]: 我们都会想念他的，但我们祝愿他退休后快乐，长寿。 4. He has enough money to burn.
[译文]: 他有花不完的钱。 5. Why did you set the wolf to keep the sheep?
[译文]: 你为什么要引狼入室？
General Introduction to Translation
expression）。
General Introduction to Translation
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
以作者和读者为取向
Chapter One
• 这类翻译标准或原则的共同特点是：翻译既要“忠实”又要 “通顺”，即译文必须既要考虑到原作者又要考虑到译文的 读者。
• 所谓忠实，首先指忠实于原作的内容。译者必须把原作的内 容完整而准确地表达出来，不得有任何篡改、歪曲、遗漏阉 割或任意增删的现象。其次还应保持原作的风格——即原作 的民族风格、时代风格、语体风格、作者个人的语言风格等。 译者对原作的风格不能任意破坏和改变，不能以译者的风格 代替原作的风格。
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
以作者和读者为取向
Chapter One
十八世纪末的英国学者亚历山大·泰特勒（Alexander Fraser Tytler,1747-1814）在《论翻译的原则》（Essay on the Principles of Translation）一书中提出了著名的翻译三 原则：
英汉汉英翻译实训教程Chapter Ten Skills for Canton Fair Translation-文档资料
Skills for Canton Fair Translation
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
Chapter Ten
货币金额
（2）合同总价为叁佰贰拾万美元。 [原译]: The total contract value is $ 3, 200, 000. [注]：表面上看, 原译似乎完全正确, 而且在商务英语的课本中亦常有此写 法。然而,就正式合同而言, 原译则不够准确、严谨, 甚至存在严重隐患或漏 洞。 [改译]: The total contract value is US $ 3, 200, 000. 00 (Say: the 1. 在日常用语中 $通常是指 US$, 即美元 , 但也可代表其他某些货币 , 如HK$, United States , Dollars Three Million Two Hundred Thousand Only). Can$等。因此, 译文中准确的货币符号应为US$。 2. 原译中金额数字的写法也不够严密, 根据原文的文义, 译文中的金额应为 大写或者大小写，即便只用小写，也应加上小数点后的两位，即 3,200,000.00 。 3. 在合同金额较大的情况下, 如果金额数字只是小写, 则易出现差错, 而且 小数点(.) 和分节号(,) 容易混淆, 如稍有不慎, 就会导致严重后果。
Skills for Canton Fair Translation
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
Chapter Ten
货币金额
合同价款和支付条款是对外经贸合同主要条款之一, 对合同各方关系重大,必须明确规定。 合同金额数字应高度准确、缜密, 无懈可击。 但在这些条款的翻译中仍出现不少问题, 最为典型的是 有关货币金额的译文不够规范、严谨, 存在漏洞,如货币符 号的写法不完整、译文中缺少大写、漏写小数点的后两位以 及混淆小数点和分节号等等。
实用英汉翻译技巧与实践(Chapter 1&2)
An Applied Course in English-Chinese Translation Skills and Practice实用英汉翻译技巧与实践(Definition of Translation)1.2 翻译的原则(Principles of Translation)忠实(Faithfulness)通顺(Smoothness)1.3 翻译的基本步骤(Basic Steps in Translation)a. 原文理解（Comprehension of Source Texts)•词义确定（Determination of Word Meaning)It is quite another story now.The officials concerned refused to confirm the story in the Post.The white-haired girl's story is one of the saddest.A young man came to police station with a story.•语法分析（Grammatical Analysis)W hile I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.•逻辑判断（Logical Judgement)H e bought a picture of the house which many people thought to be replica.•文体把握（Understanding of Style)旅游景点警示语：路滑, 小心跌倒！译1：The road is slippery, fall down carefully！译2：The path is so slippery that you should be careful not to fall down.译3：Slippery // Wet path！b.译文表达（Expression of Target Texts)c. 译文校核(Proofreading of Target Texts)1.4 翻译的主要方法（Major Translation Approaches)a. 直译法（Literal Translation）p aper tigerl ose facer unning dogG ood to begin well, better to end well.b. 意译法（Free Translation）Q ueen’s Englishs mall talkr eceive glove moneyE very life has its roses and thorns．c. 归化法（Domestication）b lack sheepa s timid as a hared.异化法（Foreignization）1.5 翻译的常用技巧（Practical Translation Skills)异&选择（Choice of Word Meaning)一词多义（Polysemous Words）•New homes are for sale.•I’ll see her home tonight.•He’s at home with classics.•Maternity home costs in America have gone up sharply.a. 语境与词义（Context and Word Meaning）A caller to the broadcasting station claimed responsibility for the bombing.T hroughout centuries London has claimed to be the foremost city of the world.b.词性与词义（Word Class and Word Meaning）M y room was big, light and looked out on the East lake.H e lighted his cigarette, said good night, and went on.c.文体与词义（Style and Word Meaning）•United States Declaration of Independence：He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power.•The third power of 2 is 8.2.2 引申翻译a. 具体化引申翻译（Extension from the Abstract or General Words to the Concrete Words)•抽象名词的具体化（Concreteness fromAbstract Nouns)T he car in front of me stalled and I missed the green.T he administration was free from corruption.•概括词语的具体化（Concreteness from General Words）A nimal waste is the best food for the soil.T he weather has a great effect on the farmer¡¯s work and the products of his work.b. 概括化引申翻译（Extension from the Concrete or Special Words to the General Words)H e was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.M y father is the bread earner.2.3 增补翻译(Addition)a. 语法增补（Grammatical Addition)•动词的增补（Addition of Verbs)I fell madly in love with her, and she with me.A fter the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibition, he went home tiredly.•量词的增补（Addition of Measure Words)A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.T he carefully planned party turned out to be a bad dream.•时态词的增补（Addition of Words Denoting Tenses)T he tutor had taught the girl to play the piano.T he old man said, “They say his father was ¡°a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are.”译文：老头儿说: “听人说，从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。
英汉汉英翻译实训教程Chapter Three- Idiom Translation
为 “致命的弱点”。
Idiom Translation
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
Chapter Three
Translate another group of sentences to check your progress.
1.They offered me a good job at that company but I hear that the boss is as hard as nails: one little mistake and you're out on the street the next day looking for a new job。 [译文]:他们向我提供那家公司的一个很好的职位，但是我听说他们的老板是个 很难相处的人：只要你犯一个小错，他马上把你一脚踢出公司大门，让你另谋 生路。
Idiom Translation
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
Listen to Doctor Translator
Chapter Three
1. The crafty enemy was ready to launch an attack while holding out the olive branch.
[译文]：那个年轻人对警察说他与这宗盗窃案无关，但警察看了他的汽车行李箱， 将其人赃并获。
[点评]：“caught red-handed ”原指手上沾满鲜血的杀人犯被逮个现行。在例句 中
译为“人赃并获”，也指犯有任何罪行者当场被捉。
4. Better get a hair cut before you go to that job interview tomorrow. You want to put a best foot forward because there are twenty other people after the same job.
Idiom Translation
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
Chapter Three
Translate another group of sentences to check your progress.
1.They offered me a good job at that company but I hear that the boss is as hard as nails: one little mistake and you're out on the street the next day looking for a new job。 [译文]:他们向我提供那家公司的一个很好的职位，但是我听说他们的老板是个 很难相处的人：只要你犯一个小错，他马上把你一脚踢出公司大门，让你另谋 生路。
Idiom Translation
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
Listen to Doctor Translator
Chapter Three
1. The crafty enemy was ready to launch an attack while holding out the olive branch.
[译文]：那个年轻人对警察说他与这宗盗窃案无关，但警察看了他的汽车行李箱， 将其人赃并获。
[点评]：“caught red-handed ”原指手上沾满鲜血的杀人犯被逮个现行。在例句 中
译为“人赃并获”，也指犯有任何罪行者当场被捉。
4. Better get a hair cut before you go to that job interview tomorrow. You want to put a best foot forward because there are twenty other people after the same job.
新英汉翻译课件教程 chapter 2 翻译的过程
例1：Having discovered an unknown island, they wintered upon it. (G.A.Lensen: Russian’s Eastward Expansion) 【译文】他们发现了一个无名小岛后，便住了下 来，在那里过冬。 【解析】这是个“主-谓”结构的简单句，译文的 靓点是“wintered upon it”，“winter”用作名词是 “冬天”，用作动词译为“过冬”。“过冬”肯定 是住下来过，因此增加了“住下来”使句子顿时鲜 活。 比如“shadow”我们对它的认识就是“阴影、影 子”，但“Shadow him and see what is going to happen.”却是“跟踪他看看会发生什么”，它用 作动词时意思却变为“如影随形地跟踪”。
译文欣赏
1.无论是中国还是美国，都不会缩小贸易的重要性。 2. 几乎是毫无意识地，我用手指抚摸着我所熟悉的 叶片和花朵，这新长的叶子和新开的花朵迎来了南 方美好的春天。 3. 话说，人生幸福只需三条：有所爱，有所为，有 所盼。 4. 爱丽丝无所事事，跟姐姐一起闲坐岸边，开始感 到厌倦了。姐姐正在看书，她瞥了一两眼，但是那 书上并没有图画或对话。爱丽丝想，一本书中如果 没有图画或是对话，那它又有什么用呢？
【译文】让我们回到密西西比去，回到亚拉巴马去， 回到南卡罗来纳去，回到佐治亚去，回到路易斯安 娜去，回到我们北方城市中的贫民区和少数民族居 住区去。要牢记，这种状况是能够，也必将改变的。 我们不要陷入绝望而不可自拔。 朋友们，今天我对你们说，在此时此刻，我们 虽然遭受种种困难和挫折，我仍然有一个梦想。这 个梦想是深深扎根于美国的梦想中的。 我梦想有一天，这个国家会站起来，真正实现 其信条的真谛：“我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的： 人人生而平等。” 【解析】译文再现原文交际情景，选词组句紧扣原 文，给读者描述了一件发生在异国他乡的事件。译 者运用直译手法，刻意保留原文的语言和文化差异， 文化色彩，使译文“洋气”一点。直译可以缩短民 族文化交流的差距。
新英汉翻译课件教程 Chapter 3 翻译方法教材
• 【译文】其次是家住郊区，乘公交车到市里上班的人们的纽约——这 座城市每到白天就被如蝗的人群吞噬进去，每到晚上又给吐出来。 • 【解析】译文采用了异化译法，取得了“形神皆似”的效果。
• 2. 如果异化译法不能完全达意，或者不能完全通畅，则可 考虑汉语的行文习惯，做出一定的归化处理。 • For example: • To those visitors who come from countries where social relationships develop more slowly during a longer period of time, the American way may seem very frightening, too personal, and rude. • 【译文】在一些国家里，居民的社会关系是要长期慢慢地 培养的，游客习惯了这种情形，一旦到了美国，可能觉得 美国人的方式可怕，过分强调个人，没有礼貌。”
• 3) Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him. • 4) All the wisdom of the ages, all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply available to all of us within the covers of books. • 5) I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.
• 2. 如果异化译法不能完全达意，或者不能完全通畅，则可 考虑汉语的行文习惯，做出一定的归化处理。 • For example: • To those visitors who come from countries where social relationships develop more slowly during a longer period of time, the American way may seem very frightening, too personal, and rude. • 【译文】在一些国家里，居民的社会关系是要长期慢慢地 培养的，游客习惯了这种情形，一旦到了美国，可能觉得 美国人的方式可怕，过分强调个人，没有礼貌。”
• 3) Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him. • 4) All the wisdom of the ages, all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply available to all of us within the covers of books. • 5) I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.
新英汉翻译教程-----Chapter-10-长句翻译PPT课件
11
10. 1. 2 逆译法 (Translation in Reverse Order)
•
逆着或基本逆着原文的词序或句序进行翻译，词序
与思维方式和表达习惯有关。在翻译较长的英语句子时，
将分句或一些从属成分倒置译是常见的翻译方法。
•
汉语时空观上大体遵循逆序法，即由大至小，由远
及近，由重而轻；而英语的时空观大体遵循顺序法在表达
• 2. As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire—for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation.
4
例1：The successful testing of atomic and hydrogen
bombs and guided missile and the launching and accurate recovery of man-made earth satellites are important indications of our new level in science and technology.
terms in the field of mathematics, in order that he may
be able to build up the foundation of the mathematical
subject and master it well for pursuing advanced study.
10. 1. 2 逆译法 (Translation in Reverse Order)
•
逆着或基本逆着原文的词序或句序进行翻译，词序
与思维方式和表达习惯有关。在翻译较长的英语句子时，
将分句或一些从属成分倒置译是常见的翻译方法。
•
汉语时空观上大体遵循逆序法，即由大至小，由远
及近，由重而轻；而英语的时空观大体遵循顺序法在表达
• 2. As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire—for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation.
4
例1：The successful testing of atomic and hydrogen
bombs and guided missile and the launching and accurate recovery of man-made earth satellites are important indications of our new level in science and technology.
terms in the field of mathematics, in order that he may
be able to build up the foundation of the mathematical
subject and master it well for pursuing advanced study.
汉英翻译(chapter one) 第一章 翻译的过程
新编实用汉英翻译教程 （chapter one）
2013年2月25日
一、翻译的过程
（一）理解阶段 1．语义分析 语义分析是语言分析的一个分支，说明处在 一定语境中，按照一定次序排列的词项之间 的语义关系，探索词项的意义。把握好原语 的全部意义，是翻译成效的关键。
琼州学院外国语学院
2
1）注意词的概念意义和关联意义。
琼州学院外国语学院 8
3．语用分析
语用分析，是通过语用学的思考，对语言的 交际意义进行综合分析的方法之一，旨在了 解和确定讲话人与所讲话语之间的关系，或 者说旨在把握语言符号与使用该语言符号的 人的关系。 这种关系常常表现为讲话人的感情、态度、 情绪、意念等。了解这一点对于翻译来说是 至关重要的。
琼州学院外国语学院
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（二）表达阶段
1、直译（Literal Translation） 习语极富哲理、形象鲜明，深深植根于社会 习俗和文化传统之中，遇有原文用意独特而 汉语又无对应说法的谚语，可采用直译法。 但要注意的是，直译并非逐字对译，而是取 其题旨用意和比喻形象，兼顾原文修辞效果。 直译法如运用得当，可扩大读者的知识，丰 富汉语的表达能力。
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琼州学院外国语学院
2）弄清讲话人的意图，进而决定表达方式。
① Harry is a professor, but can’t spell. 哈利是教授，奇怪的是不会拼写。 ② And you talked to him this way after all he had done for you. 人家帮了你那么多忙，你怎么竟这样跟人家 讲话呢？
① seat oneself in a wooden chair 坐在木椅里 ② accept a university chair 同意在大学里执教 ③ chair the board meeting 主持董事会 ④ condemned to the chair 被处电刑
2013年2月25日
一、翻译的过程
（一）理解阶段 1．语义分析 语义分析是语言分析的一个分支，说明处在 一定语境中，按照一定次序排列的词项之间 的语义关系，探索词项的意义。把握好原语 的全部意义，是翻译成效的关键。
琼州学院外国语学院
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1）注意词的概念意义和关联意义。
琼州学院外国语学院 8
3．语用分析
语用分析，是通过语用学的思考，对语言的 交际意义进行综合分析的方法之一，旨在了 解和确定讲话人与所讲话语之间的关系，或 者说旨在把握语言符号与使用该语言符号的 人的关系。 这种关系常常表现为讲话人的感情、态度、 情绪、意念等。了解这一点对于翻译来说是 至关重要的。
琼州学院外国语学院
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（二）表达阶段
1、直译（Literal Translation） 习语极富哲理、形象鲜明，深深植根于社会 习俗和文化传统之中，遇有原文用意独特而 汉语又无对应说法的谚语，可采用直译法。 但要注意的是，直译并非逐字对译，而是取 其题旨用意和比喻形象，兼顾原文修辞效果。 直译法如运用得当，可扩大读者的知识，丰 富汉语的表达能力。
11
琼州学院外国语学院
2）弄清讲话人的意图，进而决定表达方式。
① Harry is a professor, but can’t spell. 哈利是教授，奇怪的是不会拼写。 ② And you talked to him this way after all he had done for you. 人家帮了你那么多忙，你怎么竟这样跟人家 讲话呢？
① seat oneself in a wooden chair 坐在木椅里 ② accept a university chair 同意在大学里执教 ③ chair the board meeting 主持董事会 ④ condemned to the chair 被处电刑