金融词汇中英对照

ABS 资产担保证券（Asset Backed Securities的英文缩写）Accelerated depreciation 加速折旧Acceptor 承兑人；受票人；接受人Accommodation paper 融通票据；担保借据Accounts payable 应付帐款Accounts receivable 应收帐款Accredited Investors 合资格投资者；受信投资人指符合美国证券交易委员(SEC)条例，可参与一般美国非公开(私募)发行的部份机构和高净值个人投资者。

Accredit value 自然增长值Accrediting 本金增值适用于多种工具，指名义本金在工具（如上限合约、上下限合约、掉期和互换期权）的期限内连续增长。

Accrual basis 应计制；权责发生制Accrued interest 应计利息ACE 美国商品交易所Acid Test Ratio 酸性测验比率；速动比率Acquisition 收购Across the board 全面一致；全盘的Acting in concert 一致行动；合谋Active assets 活动资产；有收益资产Active capital 活动资本Actual market 现货市场Actual price 现货价Actual useful life 实际可用年期Actuary 精算师；保险统计专家ADB 亚洲开发银行(Asian Development Bank的英文缩写)ADR 美国存股证；美国预托收据；美国存托凭证(参见AmericanDepository Receipt栏目）ADS 美国存托股份(American Depository Share的英文缩写)Ad valorem 从价；按值Ad valorem stamp duty 从价印花税Adjudicator 审裁员调息按揭Adjustable rate mortgage(ARM)Admitted value 认可值Advance 垫款Affiliated company 关联公司；联营公司After date 发票后，出票后After-hours dealing 收市后交易After-market 后市[股市] 指某只新发行股票在定价和配置后的交易市场。

Back—door listing 借壳上市Back-end load 撤离费；后收费用Back office 后勤办公室Back to back FX agreement 背靠背外汇协议Balance of payments 国际收支平衡；收支结余Balance of trade 贸易平衡Balance sheet 资产负债表Balance sheet date 年结日Balloon maturity 到期大额偿还Balloon payment 期末大额偿还Bank, Banker， Banking 银行；银行家；银行业Bank for国际结算银行International Settlements(BIS)Bankruptcy 破产Base day 基准日Base rate 基准利率Basel Capital Accord 巴塞尔资本协议Basis Point (BP) 基点；点子一个基点等如一个百分点（％)的百分之一。

举例：25个基点=0.25％Basis swap 基准掉期Basket of currencies 一揽子货币Basket warrant 一揽子备兑证Bear market 熊市；股市行情看淡Bear position 空仓；空头Bear raid 疯狂抛售Bearer 持票人Bearer stock 不记名股票Behind-the—scene 未开拓市场Below par 低于平值Benchmark 比较基准Benchmark mortgage pool 按揭贷款基准组合Beneficiary 受益人Bermudan option 百慕大期权百慕大期权介乎美式与欧式之间，持有人有权在到期日前的一个或多个日期执行期权。

Best practice 最佳做法；典范做法Beta (Market beta) 贝他（系数）；市场风险指数Bid 出价；投标价；买盘指由买方报出表示愿意按此水平买入的一个价格。

ABSAccelerated depreciation Acceptor Accommodation paper Accounts payable Accounts receivable Accredited InvestorsAccredit value AccreditingAccrual basisAccrued interestACEAcid Test Ratio AcquisitionAcross the board Acting in concert Active assetsActive capitalActual marketActual priceActual useful life ActuaryADBADRADSAd valoremAd valorem stamp duty 资产担保证券（ Asset Backed Securities 的英文缩写）加速折旧承兑人；受票人；接受人融通票据；担保借据应付帐款应收帐款合资格投资者；受信投资人指符合美国证券交易委员 (SEC) 条例，可参与一般美国非公开 (私募)发行的部份机构和高净值个人投资者。

自然增长值本金增值适用于多种工具，指名义本金在工具（如上限合约、上下限合约、掉期和互换期权）的期限内连续增长。

应计制；权责发生制应计利息美国商品交易所酸性测验比率；速动比率收购全面一致；全盘的一致行动；合谋活动资产；有收益资产活动资本现货市场现货价实际可用年期精算师；保险统计专家亚洲开发银行(Asian Development Bank 的英文缩写 )美国存股证；美国预托收据；美国存托凭证(参见 American Depository Receipt 栏目）美国存托股份(American Depository Share 的英文缩写 )从价；按值从价印花税Adjudicator Adjustable rate mortgage (ARM)Admitted value AdvanceAffiliated companyAfter dateAfter-hours dealing After-marketAfter-tax profits Afternoon sessionAge dependency (ratio) Agency account 审裁员调息按揭认可值垫款关联公司；联营公司发票后，出票后收市后交易后市[股市] 指某只新发行股票在定价和配置后的交易市场。

金融学专业词汇（中英文对照）目录1. 货币与货币制度 (3)2. 国际货币体系与汇率制度 (4)3. 信用、利息与信用形成 (5)4. 金融范畴的形成与发展 (7)5. 金融中介体系 (7)6. 存款货币银行 (9)7. 中央银行 (10)8. 金融市场 (10)9. 资本市场 (13)10. 金融体系结构 (14)11. 金融基础设施 (14)12. 利率的决定作用 (15)13. 货币需求 (16)14. 现代货币的创造机制 (17)15. 货币供给 (17)16. 货币均衡 (18)17. 开放经济的均衡 (18)18. 通货膨胀和通货紧缩 (19)19. 货币政策 (20)20. 货币政策与财政政策的配合 (21)21. 开放条件下的政策搭配与协调 (22)22. 利率的风险结构与期限结构 (22)23. 资产组合与资产定价 (23)24. 商业银行业务与管理 (25)25. 货币经济与实际经济 (26)26. 金融发展与经济增长 (26)27. 金融脆弱性与金融危机 (27)28. 金融监管 (27)1.货币与货币制度货币:(currency)外汇:(foreign exchange)铸币:(coin)银行券:(banknote)纸币:(paper currency)存款货币:(deposit money)价值尺度:(measure of values)货币单位:(currency unit)货币购买力:(purchasing power of money)购买力平价:(purchasing power parity,PPP)流通手段:(means of circulation)购买手段:(means of purchasing)交易的媒介:(media of exchange)支付手段:(means of payment)货币需求:(demand for money)货币流通速度:(velocity of money)保存价值:(store of value)汇率:(exchange rate)一般等价物:(universal equivalent)流动性:(liquidity)通货:(currency)准货币:(quasi money)货币制度:(monetary system)本位制:(standard)金本位:(gold standard)造币:(coinage)铸币税:(seigniorage)本位币:(standard money)辅币:(fractional money)货币法偿能力:(legal tender powers)复本位制:(bimetallic standard)金汇兑本位:(gold exchange standard)金平价:(gold parity)金块本位制:(gold bullion standard)2.国际货币体系与汇率制度浮动汇率制:(floating exchange rate regime)货币局制度:(currency board arrangement)联系汇率制度:(linked exchange rate system)美元化:(dollarization)最优通货区理论:(theory of optimum currency area)货币消亡:(money disappearance)外汇:(foreign currency)外汇管理:(exchange regulation)外汇管制:(exchange control)可兑换:(convertibility)不可兑换:(inconvertibility)经常项目:(current account)资本项目:(capital account)汇率:(exchange rate)牌价:(posted price)直接标价法:(direct quotation)间接标价法:(indirect quotation)单一汇率:(unitary exchange rate)多重汇率:(multiple exchange rate)市场汇率:(market exchange rate)官方汇率:(official exchange rate)黑市:(black market)固定汇率:(fixed exchange rate)浮动汇率:(floating exchange rate)管理浮动:(managed float)盯住汇率制度:(pegged exchange rate regime)固定钉住:(fixed peg)在水平带内的盯住:(pegged within horizontal bands)爬行钉住:(crawling peg)外汇指定银行:(designated foreign exchange bank)货币的对外价值:(external value of exchange)货币的对内价值:(internal value of exchange)名义汇率:(nominal exchange rate)实际汇率:(real exchange rate)铸币平价:(mint parity)金平价:(gold parity)黄金输送点:(gold transport point)国际借贷说:(theory of international indebtedness)流动债权:(current claim)流动负债:(current liablity)国际收支说:(theory of balance payment)汇兑心理说:(psychology theory of exchange rate)货币分析说:(monetary approach)金融资产说:(portfolio theory of exchange rate determination)利率平价理论:(theory of interest rate parity)外汇风险:(exchange risk)中国的外汇调剂:(foreign exchange swap)3.信用、利息与信用形成信用:(credit)利息:(interest)收益:(yield)资本化:(capitalization of interest)高利贷:(usury)利率:(interest rate)债权:(claim)债务:(debt obligation)借入:(borrowing)贷出:(lending)盈余:(surplus)赤字:(deficit)跨时预算约束:(intertemporal budget constraint)资金流量:(flow of funds)部门:(sector)借贷资本:(loan capital)实体:(real)商业信用:(commercial credit)银行信用:(bank credit)本票:(promissory note)汇票:(bill of exchange)商业本票:(commercial paper)商业汇票:(commercial bill)承兑:(acceptance)背书:(endorsement)直接融资:(direct finance)间接融资:(indirect finance)短期国库卷:(treasury bill)中期国库卷:(treasury note)长期国库卷:(treasury bond)国债:(national debt)公债:(public debt)资本输出:(export of capital)国际资本流动:(international capital flow)国外商业性借贷:(foreign direct investment,FDI)国际游资:(hot money)4.金融范畴的形成与发展财政:(public finance)公司理财:(corporate finance)投资:(investment)保险:(insurance)财产保险:(property insurance)人身保险:(mutual life insurance)相互人寿保险:(mutual life insurance)信托:(trust)租赁:(leasing)5.金融中介体系金融中介:(financial intermediary)金融机构:(financial institution)借者:(borrower)贷者:(lender)货币中介:(monetary intermediation)权益资本:(equity capital)中央银行:(central bank)货币当局:(monetary authority)存款货币银行:(deposit money bank)商业银行:(commercial bank)投资银行:(investment bank)商人银行:(merchant bank)财务公司:(financial companies)储蓄银行:(saving bank)抵押银行:(mortgage bank)信用合作社:(credit cooperative)保险业:(insurance industry)跨国银行:(multinational bank)代表处:(representative office)经理处:(agency)分行:(branch)子银行:(subsidiary)联营银行:(affiliate)国际财团银行:(consortium bank)中国人民银行:(People’s Bank of China)政策性银行:(policy banks)国有商业银行:(state-owned commercial banks)资产管理公司:(assets management company)证券公司:(securities company)券商:(securities dealer)农村信用合作社:(rural credit cooperatives)城市信用合作社:(urban credit cooperatives)信托投资公司:(trust and investment companies)信托:(trust)金融租赁:(financial leasing)邮政储蓄:(postal savings)财产保险:(property insurance)商业保险:(commercial insurance)社会保险:(social insurance)保险深度:(insurance intensity)保险密度:(insurance density)投资基金:(investment funds)证券投资基金:(security funds)封闭式基金:(closed-end investment funds)开放式基金:(open-end investment funds)私募基金:(private placement)风险投资基金:(venture funds)特别提款权:(special drawing right,SDR)国有化:(nationalization)6.存款货币银行货币兑换商:(money dealer)银行业:(banking)贴现率:(discount rate)职能分工型商业银行:(functional division commercial bank)全能型商业银行:(multi-function commercial bank)综合性商业银行:(comprehensive commercial bank)单元银行制度:(unit banking system)总分行制度:(branch banking system)代理行制度:(correspondent banking system)银行控股公司制度:(share holding banking system)连锁银行制度:(chains banking system)金融创新:(financial innovation)自动转账制度:(automatic transfer services,ATS)可转让支付命令账户:(negotiable order of withdrawal account,NOW)货币市场互助基金:(money market mutual fund,MMMF)货币市场存款账户:(money market deposit account,MMDA)不良债权:(bad claim)坏账:(bad loan)不良贷款:(non-performing loans,NPL)存款保险制度:(deposit insurance system)金融资本:(financial capital)7.中央银行中央银行:(central bank)一元式中央银行制度:(unit central bank system)二元式中央银行制度:(dual central bank system)复合中央银行制度:(compound central bank system)跨国中央银行制度:(multinational central bank system)发行的银行:(bank of issue)银行的银行:(bank of bank)最后贷款人:(lender of last resort)再贴现:(rediscount)在抵押:(recollateralize)国家的银行:(the state bank)8.金融市场金融市场:(financial market)证券化:(securitization)金融资产:(financial assets)金融工具:(financial instruments)金融产品:(financial products)衍生金融产品:(derivative financial products)原生金融产品:(underlying financial products)流动性:(liquidity)变现:(encashment)买卖差价:(bid-ask spread)做市商:(market marker)到期日:(due date)信用风险:(credit risk)市场风险:(market risk)名义收益率:(nominal yield)现时收益率:(current yield)平均收益率:(average yield)内在价值:(intrinsic value)直接融资:(direct finance)间接融资:(indirect finance)货币市场:(money market)资本市场:(capital market)现货市场:(spot market)期货市场:(futures market)机构投资人:(institutional investor)资信度:(credit standing)融通票据:(financial paper)银行承兑票据:(bank acceptance)贴现:(discount)大额存单:(certificates of desposit,CDs)回购:(counterpurchase)回购协议:(repurchase agreement)隔夜:(overnight)银行同业间拆借市场:(interbank market)合约:(contract)远期:(forward)期货:(futures)期权:(options)看涨期权:(call option)看跌期权:(put option)期权费:(option premium)互换:(swap)投资基金:(investment funds)契约型基金:(contractual type investment fund)单位型基金:(unit funds)基金型基金:(funding funds)公司型基金:(corporate type investment fund)投资管理公司:(investment management company)共同基金:(mutual fund)对冲基金:(hedge fund)风投基金:(venture fund)权益投资:(equity investment)收益基金:(income funds)增长基金:(growth funds)长期增长基金:(long-term growth funds)高增长基金:(go-go groeth funds)货币市场基金:(money market funds)养老基金:(pension fund)外汇市场:(foreign exchange market)风险资本:(venture capital)权益资本:(equity capital)私人权益资本市场:(private equity market)有限合伙制:(limited partnership)交易发起:(deal origination)筛选投资机会:(screening)评价:(evaluation)交易设计:(deal structure)投资后管理:(post-investment activities)创业板市场:(growth enterprise market,GEM)二板市场:(secondary board market)金融创新:(financial innovation)金融自由化:(financial liberalization)全球化:(globalization)离岸金融市场:(off-shore financial center)9.资本市场权益:(equity)剩余索取权:(residual claims)证券交易所:(stock exchange)交割:(delivery)过户:(transfer ownership)场外交易市场:(over the counter,OTC)金融债券:(financial bond)抵押债券:(mortgage bond)担保信托债券:(collateral trust bonds)信用债券:(trust bonds)次等信用债券:(subordinated debenture)担保债券:(guaranteed bonds)初级市场:(primary market)二级市场:(secondary market)公募:(public offering)私募:(private offering)有价证券:(security)面值:(face value)市值:(market value)股票价格指数:(share price index)有效市场假说:(effective market hypothesis)弱有效市场:(weak efficient market)中度有效市场:(semi-efficient market)强有效市场:(strong efficient market)股份公司:(stock certificate)股票:(stock certificate)股东:(stock holder)所有权:(ownership)经营权:(right of management)10.金融体系结构功能主义金融观:(perspective of financial function)金融体系格局:(pattern of financial system)激励:(incentive)公司治理:(corporate governance)路径依赖:(path dependency)市场主导型:(market-oriented type)银行主导型:(banking-oriented type)参与成本:(participative cost)影子银行体系:(the shadow banking system)11.金融基础设施金融基础设施:(financial infrastructures)支付清算系统:(payment and clearing system)跨境支付系统:(cross-border inter-bank payment system,CIPS)全额实时结算:(real time gross system)净额批量清算:(bulk transfer net system)大额资金转账系统:(whole sale funds transfer system)小额定时结算系统:(fixed time retail system)票据交换所:(clearing house)金融市场基础设施:(financial market infrastructures)中央交易对手:(central counterparties,CCPs)双边清算体系:(bilateral clearing system)系统重要性支付体系核心原则:(the core principles for systemically important payment system)证券清算体系建议:(the recommendations for central counterparties)中央交易对手建议:(the recommendations for central counterparties)金融业标准:(financial standards)盯市:(mark-to-market)公允价值:(fair value)金融部门评估规划:(financial sector assessment program)12.利率的决定作用可贷资金论:(loanable funds theory of interest)储蓄的利率弹性:(interest elasticity of saving)投资的利率弹性:(interest elasticity of investment)本金:(principal)回报率:(returns)基准利率:(benchmark interest rate)无风险利率:(risk-free interest rate)补偿:(compensation)风险溢价:(risk premium)实际利率:(real interest rate)名义利率:(nominal interest rate)固定利率:(fixed interest rate)浮动利率:(floating rate)官定利率:(official interest rate)行业利率:(trade-regulated rate)一般利率:(general interest rate)优惠利率:(preferential interest rate)贴息贷款:(loan of interest subsidy)年利率:(annual interest rate)月利率:(monthly interest rate)日利率:(daily interest rate)拆息:(call money interest)13.货币需求货币需求:(demand for money)货币数量论:(quantity theory of money)货币必要量:(volume of money needed)货币流通速度:(velocity of money)交易方程式:(equation of exchange)剑桥方程式:(equation of Cambridge)现金交易说:(cash transaction approach)现金余额说:(cash balance theory)货币需求动机:(motive of the demand for money)交易动机:(transaction motive)预防动机:(precautionary motive)投机动机:(speculative motive)流动性偏好:(liquidity preference)流动性陷阱:(liquidity trap)平方根法则:(square-root rule)货币主义:(monetarism)恒久性收入:(permanent income)机会成本变量:(opportunity cost variable)名义货币需求:(nominal demand for money)实际货币需求:(real demand for money)客户保证金:(customer’s security marign)金融资产选择:(portfolio selection)14.现代货币的创造机制纯流通费用:(pure circulation cost)原始存款:(primary deposit)派生存款:(derivative deposit)派生乘数:(withdrawal multiplier)现金损露:(loss of cashes)提现率:(withdrawal rate)创造乘数:(creation multiplier)现金:(currency)基础货币:(base money)高能货币:(high-power money)货币乘数:(money multiplier)铸币收入:(seigniorage revenue)15.货币供给货币供给:(money supply)准货币:(quasi money)名义货币供给:(nominal money supply)实际货币供给:(real money supply)股民保证金:(shareholder’s security margin)货币存量:(money stock)公开市场操作:(open-market operation)贴现政策:(discount policy)再贴现率:(rediscount rate)法定准备金率:(legal reserve ratio)财富效应:(wealth effect)预期报酬率变动效应:(effect of expected yields change)现金持有量:(currency holdings)超额准备金:(excess reserves)外生变量:(exogenous variable)内生变量:(endogenous variable)16.货币均衡均衡:(equilibrium)投资饥渴:(huger for investment)软预算约束:(soft budget constraint)总需求:(aggregate demand)总供给:(aggregate supply)面纱论:(money veil theory)流:(flow)余额:(stock)17.开放经济的均衡国际收支:(balance of payments)居民:(resident)非居民:(nonresident)国际收支平衡表:(statement for balance of payments)经常项目:(current account)资本和金融项目:(capital and financial account)储备资产:(reserve assets)净误差与遗漏:(net errors and missions)自主性交易:(autonomous transaction)调节性交易:(accommodating transaction)偿债率:(debt service ratio)顺差:(surplus)逆差:(deficit)最后清偿率:(last liquidation ratio)资本流动:(capital movements)项目融资:(project finance)外债:(external debt)资本外逃:(capital flight)冲销性操作:(sterilized operation)非冲销性操作:(unsterilized operation)债务率:(debt ratio)负债率:(liability ratio)差额:(balance)18.通货膨胀和通货紧缩通货膨胀:(inflation)恶性通货膨胀:(rampant inflation)爬行通货膨胀:(creeping inflation)温和通货膨胀:(moderate inflation)公开性通货膨胀:(open inflation)显性通货膨胀:(evident inflation)隐蔽性通货膨胀:(hidden inflation)输入型通货膨胀:(import of inflation)结构性通货膨胀:(structural inflation)通货膨胀率:(inflation rate)居民消费物价指数:(CPI)零售物价指数:(RPI)批发物价指数:(WPI)冲减指数:(deflator)需求拉上型通货膨胀:(demand-pull inflation)成本推动型通货膨胀:(cost-push inflation)工资-价格螺旋上升:(wage-price spiral)强制储蓄:(forced saving)收入分配效应:(distributional effect of income)财富分配效应:(distributional effect of wealth)滞胀:(stagflation)工资膨胀率:(wage inflation)紧缩性货币政策:(tight monetary policy)紧缩银根:(tight money)紧缩信贷:(tight squeeze)指数化:(indexation)通货紧缩:(deflation)19.货币政策货币政策:(monetary policy)金融政策:(financial policy)货币政策目标:(goal of monetary policy)通货膨胀目标制:(inflation targeting)逆风向原则:(principle of leaning against the wind)反周期货币政策:(counter cycle monetary policy)相机抉择:(discretionary)单一规则:(single rule)告示效应:(bulletin effects)直接信用控制:(direct credit)信用配额:(credit allocation)流动性比率:(liquidity ratio)间接信用控制:(indirect credit control)道义劝告:(moral suasion)窗口指导:(window guidence)信用贷款:(lending)传导机制:(conduction mechanism)中介指标:(intermediate target)信贷配给:(credit rationing)资产负债表渠道:(balance sheet channel)时滞:(time lag)预期:(expectation)透明度:(transparency)信任:(credibility)软着陆:(soft landing)20.货币政策与财政政策的配合赤字:(deficit)经常性收入:(current revenue)税:(tax)费:(fee)经常性支出:(current expenditure)资本性收入:(capital revenue)补助:(grant)资本性支出:(capital expenditure)账面赤字:(book deficit)隐蔽赤字:(hidden deficit)预算外:(off-budget)透支:(overdraft)净举债:(net fiancing)未清偿债券:(outstanding debt)或有债务:(contingent liability)准备货币:(reserve money)国债依存度:(public debt dependency)国债负担率:(public debt-to-GDP ratio)国债偿债率:(government debt-service ratio)财政政策:(fiscal policy)补偿性财政货币政策:(compensatory fiscal and monetary policy) 21.开放条件下的政策搭配与协调米德冲突:(Meade’s conflict)国际政策协调:(international policy coordination)信息交换:(information exchange)危机管理:(crisis management)避免共享目标变量的冲突:(avoiding conflicts over shared targets)合作确定中介目标:(cooperation intermediate targeting)部分协调:(full coordination)汇率目标区:(target zone of exchange rate)马歇尔-勒纳条件:(Marshall-Lerner condition)J曲线效应:(J curve effect)22.利率的风险结构与期限结构单利:(simple interest)复利:(compound interest)现值:(present value)终值:(future value)竞价拍卖:(open-outcry auction)贴现值:(present discount value)利率管制:(interest rate control)利率管理体制:(interest rate regulation system)存贷利差:(interest rate regulation system)利率风险结构:(risk structure of interest rates)违约风险:(default risk)利率期限结构:(term structure of interest rates)即期利率:(spot rate of interest)远期利率:(forward rate of interest)到期收益率:(yield to maturity)现金流:(cash floe)预期理论:(expectation theory)流动性理论:(liquidity theory)偏好理论:(preferred habitat theory)市场隔断理论:(market segmentation theory) 23.资产组合与资产定价市场风险:(market risk)信用风险:(credit risk)流动性风险:(liquidity risk)操作风险:(operational risk)法律风险:(legal risk)政策风险:(policy risk)道德风险:(moral hazard)主权风险:(sovereign risk)市场流动性风险:(product liquidity)现金流风险:(cash flow)执行风险:(execution risk)欺诈风险:(fraud risk)遵守与监管风险:(compliance and regulatory risk)资产组合理论:(portfolio theory)系统性风险:(systematic risk)非系统性风险:(nonsystematic risk)效益边界:(efficient frontier)价值评估:(evaluation)市盈率:(price-earning ratio)资产定价模型:(asset pricing model)资本资产定价模型:(capital asset pricing model,CAPM)无风险资产:(risk-free assets)市场组合:(market portfolio)多要素模型:(multifactorCAPM)套利定价理论:(arbitrage pricing theory,APT)期权加价:(option premium)内在价值:(intrinsic value)时间价值:(time value)执行价格:(strike price)看涨期权:(call option)看跌期权:(put option)对冲型的资产组合:(hedge portfolios)套利:(arbitrage)无套利均衡:(no-arbitrage equilibrium)均衡价格:(equilibrium price)多头:(long position)空头:(short position)动态复制:(dynamic replication)头寸:(position)风险偏好:(risk preference)风险中性:(risk neutral)风险厌恶:(risk averse)风险中性定价:(risk-netural pricing)24.商业银行业务与管理银行负责业务:(liability business)存款:(deposit)活期存款:(demand deposit)支票存款:(check deposit)透支:(overdraft)定期存款:(time deposit)再贴现:(rediscount)金融债券:(financial bond)抵押贷款:(mortgage loan)信用贷款:(credit loan)通知贷款:(demand loan)真实票据论:(real bill doctrine)商业贷款理论:(commercial loan theory)证券投资:(portfolio investment)中间业务:(middleman business)表外业务:(off-balance sheet business)无风险业务:(risk-free business)汇款:(remittance)信用证:(letter of credit)商品信用证:(commercial letter of credit)代收业务:(business of collection)代客买卖业务:(business of commission)承兑网络银行:(internet bank)虚拟银行:(virtual bank)企业对个人:(B2C)企业对企业:(B2B)挤兑:(bank runs)资产管理:(assets management)自偿性:(self-liquidation)可转换性理论:(convertibility theory)预期收入理论:(anticipated income theory)负债管理:(liability management)资产负债综合管理:(comprehensive management of assets and liability)风险管理:(risk management)在险价值:(value at risk,VAR)25.货币经济与实际经济两分法:(dichotomy)实际经济:(real economy)货币经济:(monetary economy)虚拟资本:(monetary capital)泡沫经济:(bubble economy)虚拟经济:(virtual economy)货币中性:(neutrality of money)相对价格:(relative price)货币面纱:(monetary veil)瓦尔拉斯均衡:(Walras equilibrium)一般均衡理论:(theory of general equilibrium)超中性:(super-neutrality)26.金融发展与经济增长金融发展:(financial development)金融自由化:(financial liberalization)金融深化:(financial deepening)金融压抑:(financial repression)金融机构化:(financial institutionalization)分层比率:(gradation ratio)金融相关率:(financial interrelation ratio,FIR)货币化率:(monetarization ratio)脱媒:(distintermediation)导管效应:(tube effect)27.金融脆弱性与金融危机金融脆弱性:(financial fragility)金融风险:(financial risk)长周期:(long cycles)安全边界:(margins of safety)汇率超调理论:(theory of exchange rate over shooting)金融危机:(financial crises)资产管理公司:(asset management corporation,AMC)金融恐慌:(financial panic)优先/次级抵押贷款债券:(senior/subordinate structure) 28.金融监管金融监管:(financial regulation)公共选择:(public choice)最低资本要求:(minimum capital requirements)监管当局的监管:(supervisory review process)市场纪律:(market discipline)宏观审慎框架:(macro-prudential framework)分行:(branch)子行:(subsidiary)并表监管:(consolidated supervision)。

金融英语常用词汇总览（英汉对照）翻译, 证券, 金融, 英文ABS 资产担保证券（Asset Backed Securities 的英文缩写）Accelerated depreciation 加速折旧Acceptor 承兑人；受票人；接受人Accommodation paper 融通票据；担保借据Accounts payable 应付账款Accounts receivable 应收账款Accredited Investors 合资格投资者；受信投资人指符合美国证券交易委员SEC条例，可参与一般美国非公开私募发行的部份机构和高净值个人投资者。

Accredit value 自然增长值Accrediting 本金增值适用于多种工具，指名义本金在工具（如上限合约、上下限合约、掉期和互换期权的期限内连续增长。

Accrual basis 应计制；权责发生制Accrued interest 应计利息ACE 美国商品交易所Acid Test Ratio 酸性测验比率；速动比率Acquisition 收购Across the board 全面一致；全盘的Acting in concert 一致行动；合谋Active assets 活动资产；有收益资产Active capital 活动资本Actual market 现货市场Actual price 现货价Actual useful life 实际可用年期Actuary 精算师；保险统计专家ADB 亚洲开发银行(Asian Development Bank 的英文缩写)ADR 美国存股证；美国预托收据；美国存托凭证(参见American Depository Receipt 栏目）ADS 美国存托股份(American Depository Share 的英文缩写)Ad valorem 从价；按值Ad valorem stamp duty 从价印花税Adjudicator 审裁员Adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) 调息按揭Admitted value 认可值Advance 垫款Affiliated company 关联公司；联营公司After date 发票后，出票后After-hours dealing 收市后交易After-market 后市[股市] 指某只新发行股票在定价和配置后的交易市场。

金融词汇之一1.Abandonment(弃权)Controlling party giving up rights to property voluntarily.2. Abandonment option(清算期权)The option of terminating an investment earlier than originally planned.3. Abandonment value（清算价值）The value of a project if the project's assets were sold externally ;or alternatively. its opportunity value if the assets were employed elsewhere in the firm.4. ABC agreementA contract between an employee and a brokerage firm outlining the rights of the firm purchasing an NYSE membership for that employee.5. ABC method of inventory control（存货控制的ABC方法）Method which controls expensive inventory items more closely than less expensive items.6. Ability to pay（偿债能力）Refers to the borrower's ability to make interest and principal payments on debts.7. Abnormal return（超常回报）The component of the return that is not due to systematic influences (market-wide influences). In other words, abnormal returns are above those predicted by the market movement alone.Absolute-priority rule（绝对优先权准则）The rule in bankruptcy or reorganization that claims of a set of claim holders must be paid, in full before the next. junior. set of claim holders may be paid anything. AbsorbedUsed in context of general equities. Securities are "absorbed" as long as there are corresponding orders to buy and sell. The market has reached the absorption point when further assimilation is impossible without an adjustment in price. Accelerated depreciation（加速折旧）Methods of depreciation that write off the cost of a capital asset faster than under straight-line depreciation.Acceptance（汇票）Contractual agreement instigated when the drawee（支票或汇票的付款人）of a time draft "accepts" the draft by writing the word "accepted" thereon. The drawee assumes responsibility as the acceptor and for payment at maturity.Accommodative monetary policy(适应性货币政策)Federal Reserve System policy to increase the amount of money available to banks for lending.Accounts Payable （应付账款）Amounts of money owed to other firm because buying goods or services on credit from the firm. A current liability, the accounts payable is also called payables. Accounts receivable（应收账款）Amounts of money owed to a firm by customers who have bought goods or services on credit. A current asset, the accounts receivable account is also called receivables. Accounts receivable turnover (应收账款周转率)The ratio of net credit sales to average accounts receivable, which is a measure of how quickly customers pay their bills.Account statement(账户表)In the context of banking, refers to a summary of all balances.In the context of securities, a summary of all transactions and positions (long and short) between a broker/dealer and a client.Accounting earnings (会计利润)Earnings of a firm as reported on its income statement.Accounting insolvency(资不抵债)Total liabilities exceed total assets. A firm with a negative net worth is insolvent on the books.Accretion (of a discount) (增值)In portfolio accounting, a straight-line accumulation of capital gains on a discount bond in anticipation of receipt of par at maturity.Accrual basis(应收应付制)In the context of accounting, practice in which expenses and income are accounted for as if they are earned or incurred, whether or not they have been received or paid. Antithesis of cash basis accounting.Accrual bond(一次还本付息债券)A bond on which interest accrues but is not paid to the investor during the time of accrual. The amount of accrued interest is added to the remaining principal of the bond and is paid at maturity.Accrued expenses(累积费用，应计费用)Amounts owed but not yet paid for wages. taxes, interest, and dividends. The accrued expenses account is a short-term liability.Accrued interest (应计利息)Applies mainly to convertible securities. Interest that has accumulated between the most recent payment and the sale of a bond or other fixed-income security. At the time of sale, the buyer pays the seller the bond's price plus "accrued interest," calculated by multiplying the coupon rate by the fraction of the coupon period that has elapsed since the last payment.Accumulated dividend(累积股利)A dividend that has reached its due date, but is not paid out.Acid-test (quick) ratio(速动比例，酸性测试比例)Current assets less inventories divided by current liabilities. It shows a firm's ability to meet current liabilities with its most liquid (quick) assets.Acquisition (收购)When a firm buys another firm.Acquisition cost(收购成本)Refers to the price (including the closing costs) to purchase another company or property.In the context of investments, refers to price plus（加，相加）brokerage commissions, of a security, or the sales charge applied to load funds.Across the board （全盘）Movement or trend in the stock market that affects almost all stocks in all sectors to move in the same direction.Activity ratios(周转率)Ratios that measure how effectively the firm is using its assets.Active portfolio strategy (积极投资组合策略)A strategy that uses available information and forecasting techniques to seek better performance than a buy and hold portfolio.Actuals (实货)The physical commodities underlying a futures contract. Cash commodity, physical asset.Additional paid-in capitalFunds received by a company in a sale of common stock that are in excess of the par or stated value of the stock.Adjusted present value (APV)(调整净现值）The sum of the discounted value of a project's operating cash flows (assuming equity financing) plus the value of any tax-shield benefits of interest associated with the project's financing minus any flotation costs.Adjustable-rate preferred stock (ARPs)（浮动股利优先股）An ARPs provides the holder with dividend rates that are tied to some interest rate ,such as a short-term Treasure Bill. These issue thus provide the opportunity for increase in dividend payments.Adverse Selection Problem（逆选择问题）Refers to a situation in which sellers have relevant information that buyers lack (or vice versa) about some aspect of product quality.After-hours dealing or trading(闭市后交易)Securities trading after regular（有规律的，正常的）trading hours on organized exchanges.Agency costs（代理成本）Costs associated with monitoring management to ensure that it behaves in ways consistent with the firm's contractual agreements with creditors and shareholders. Agency (theory)（代理理论）A branch of economics relating to the behavior of principals (such as owners) and their agents (such as managers).Agency bonds(机构债券）Bonds issued by some federal agencies and federal sponsored agencies .These agencies borrow funds and use the proceeds to make loans to specific types of borrowers .Agent (s)（代理人）Individual (s) authorized by another person. called the principal（负责人，校长，代理人）, to act in the latter's behalf.Aging accounts receivable（应收账款账龄分析）The process of classifying accounts receivable by their age outstanding as of a given date.Aggressive growth funds（急速增长型基金）A kind of mutual funds which seeks maximum capital gains as their investment objectives. Current income is not a significant factor.All or none agreement(全部卖出或取消协议)In all-or-none arrangement, the agreement calls for the underwriter to sell the entire issue during a defined period at a specified price. During the selling period ,buyers' checks are deposited in an escrow(第三方托管的）account until the issue is fully subscribed. If sufficient shares are not sold the issue is canceled and the buyers' checks are returned.All or none orderAn all-or -none order is attached to a multiple-unit trade (more than 100 shares) and instructs the broker to obtain the total number of shares requested when the order istaken to the floor. If that is not possible, the order is canceled.Alligator spread(鳄鱼价差)The term used to describe a spread in the options market that generates such a large commission that the client is unlikely to make a profit even if the markets move as the investor anticipated.Allotment(分配)The number of securities assigned to each of the participants in an underwriting syndicate.Alternative minimum tax (AMT)An alternative, separate tax calculation based on the taxpayer's regular taxable income. increased by certain tax benefits. collectively referred to as "tax preference items." The taxpayer pays the larger of the regularly determined tax or the AMT.American Depository Receipts (ADRs)(美国股票存托凭证）An ADRs is a domestic traded security that represents a claim to shares of foreign stocks. It is like a stock certificate and held in the vault of a US bank. With an ADRs the investor is entitled to all dividends and capital gains associated with the stock. American Stock Exchange (AMEX)（美国股票交易所）Stock exchange with the third highest volume of trading in the U.S. Located at 86 Trinity Place in downtown Manhattan. The bulk of trading on AMEX consists of index options (computer technology index, institutional index, major market index) and shares of small to medium-sized companies are predominant. Recently merged with NasdaqAmerican options(美式期权）If a put or call option can be exercised at any time before expiration, it is termed an American option.Amman Financial Market (AFM) (阿曼金融市场)Established in 1976, the AFM is the only stock exchange in Jordan.Amortization schedule（分期付款偿还表）A table showing the repayment schedule of interest and principal necessary to pay off a loan by maturity.Annuity（年金）A series of equal payment or receipts occurring over a specified number of periods. In an ordinary annuity, payments or receipts occur at the end of each period; while in an annuity due, payments or receipts occur at the beginning of each period. Announcement date (宣告日)Date on which particular news concerning a given company is announced to the public.Annual percentage rate (APR)(简单年利率)The periodic rate times the number of periods in a year. For example, a 5% quarterly return has an A.P.R. of 20%.Antitrust Laws （反托拉斯法）Legislation established by the federal government to prevent the formation of monopolies and to regulate trade.Arbitrage（套利）Finding two assets that are essentially the same and buying the cheaper and selling the more expensive.Arbitrage pricing theory (APT)（套利定价模型）A theory where the price of an asset depends on multiple factors and arbitrageefficiency prevails.Arm’s-length Price （正常交易价格）The price at which a willing buyer and a willing unrelated seller would freely agree to transact.Arrearage（递延款项）A late or overdue payment, which may be cumulative.Arithmetic mean return（算术平均报酬）An average of the subperiod returns, calculated by summing the subperiod returns and dividing by the number of subperiods.Asian option （亚洲期权）Option based on the average price of the underlying assets during the life of the option.Asked price(要价或卖方报价)In context of general equities, price at which a security or commodity is offered for sale on an exchange or in the OTC Market.Assigned (or stated) value（名义价值）A nominal value assigned to a share of no-par common stock that is usually far below the actual issuing price.Asset allocation decision (资产分配决策)The decision regarding how an institution's funds should be distributed among the major classes of assets in which it may invest.Asset-based borrowing（资产抵押贷款）A loan mortagaged by tangible assets.Asset turnover rate（资产周转率）This rate equates sales amount divided by assets ,means how many sales amount can one dollar asset bring in.AssimilationThe public absorption of a new issue of stocks once the stock has been completely sold by underwriter.Asymmetric Information（信息不对称）Usually compared to the firm's management ,the majority of stockholders in publicly traded firms are relatively uninformed about the firm's earnings prospect ,because management has more information than anyone else .The situation is referred to as Asymmetric Information.At the Money Option （平价期权）An option is at the money if the strike price of the option is equal to the market price of the underlying security.Auction market(拍卖市场)Such markets as the NYSE and the AMEX are called “Auction markets ”，In these markets all the traders assembled in one place to buy or sell a kind of assets.Auction rate preferred stock (ARPS) (拍卖利率优先债券（英国）)Floating-rate preferred stock, whose dividend is adjusted every seven weeks through a Dutch auction.Authorized shares （核定股本）Number of shares authorized for issuance by a firm's corporate charter. Autocorrelation (自相关)The correlation of a variable with itself over successive time intervals. Sometimes called serial correlation.Automated trading system（自动交易系统）Automated clearinghouse (ACH) electronic transfer （电子传输自动结算所）This is essentially an electronic version of the depository transfer check.Average accounting return （平均会计报酬）The average project earnings after taxes and depreciation divided by the average book value of the investment during its life.Average collection period, or days receivable (应收账款平均回收期)This rate equates accounts receivable divided by sales amount.金融词汇之二Back months （后到期月份）In the context of futures and options trading, refers to the months of contracts with expiration dates farthest away.Back-to-back loan （背靠背借款）A loan in which two companies in separate countries borrow each other's currency for a specific time period and repay the other's currency at an agreed-upon maturity. Backwardation（期货负价）A market condition in which futures prices are lower in the distant delivery months than in the nearest delivery month. This may occur when the costs of storing the product until eventual delivery are effectively subtracted from the price today.Bad debt （坏账）A debt that is written off and deemed uncollectible.Balanced funds(平衡型基金)Balanced funds have a portfolio mix of bonds, preferred stocks and common stocks. They generally have a three-part investment objective: to conserve the investors' initial principal ,to pay current income and to promote long-term growth of both this principal and income.Balance sheet(资产负债表)A summary of a firm's financial position on a given date that shows total assets = total liabilities + owners equity.Balance of payments manual(国际收支手册)Balance of payments(国际收支)A statistical compilation formulated by a sovereign nation of all economic transactions between residents of that nation and residents of all other nations during a stipulated period of time, usually a calendar year.Balance of payment presentation(国际收支平衡表)Balloon payment(气球尾款，分期付款中最后一笔较大金额的付款)A payment on debt that is much larger than other payments. The ultimate balloon payment is the entire principal at maturity.Bandwagon Effect ( 攀比效应)Bank collection float （银行浮账量）The time that elapses between when a check is deposited into a bank account and when the funds are available to the depositor, during which period the bank is collecting payment from the payer's bank.Bank Discount Basis( 银行贴现基准)A convention used for quoting bids and offers for Treasury bills in terms of annualized yield, based on a 360-day year.Bank Insurance Fund (BIF) (银行保险基金)A unit of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) that provides deposit insurance for banks excluding thrifts.Banker's acceptances (BAs)(银行承兑汇票)Short-term promissory trade notes for which a bank (by having "accepted" them) promises to pay the holder the face amount at maturity.Banknotes( 银行汇票)Bank holding company （银行控股公司）A company that owns or has controlling interest in two or more banks and/or other bank holding companies.Bank for International Settlements (BIS) （国际清算银行）An international bank headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, which serves as a forum for monetary cooperation among several European central banks, the Bank of Japan, and the U.S. Federal Reserve System. Founded in 1930 to handle the German payment of World War I reparations, it now monitors and collects data on international banking activity and promulgates rules concerning international bank regulation.Bankruptcy（破产）Inability to pay debts. In bankruptcy of a publicly owned entity, the ownership of the firm's assets is transferred from the stockholders to the bondholders.Barrier options（障碍期权）Option contracts with trigger points that, when crossed, automatically generate buying or selling of other options. These are exotic options.Barrier to Entry (进入壁垒)Base period （基期）A particular period of time used for comparative purposes when measuring economic data.Basic rate(基本汇率)Basis(基差)The basis is the difference between the current cash price of a commodity and the futures price of a particular contract on the commodity.Basis point （基点）In the bond market, the smallest measure used for quoting yields is a basis point. Each percentage point of yield in bonds equals 100 basis points. Basis points also are used for interest rates. An interest rate of 5% is 50 basis points higher than an interest rate of 4.5%.Basis risk(基差风险)Risk resulting from the uncertainty of the difference between the the current cash price of a commodity and the futures price of a particular contract on the commodity. Basket （一揽子，一篮子）Applies to derivative products. Group of stocks that is formed with the intention of either being bought or sold all at once, usually to perform index arbitrage or a hedging program.Basket options（一揽子期权）Packages that involve the exchange of more than two currencies against a base currency at expiration. The basket option buyer purchases the right, but not the obligation, to receive designated currencies in exchange for a base currency, either at the prevailing foreign exchange market rate or at a prearranged rate of exchange. Multinational corporations with multicurrency cash flows frequently use basketoptions because it is generally cheaper to buy an option on a basket of currencies than to buy individual options on each of the currencies that make up the basket.Bear market（熊市)Any market in which prices exhibit a declining trend. For a prolonged period, usually falling by 20% or more.Bear spread (熊市价差)Applies to derivative products. Strategy in the options market designed to take advantage of a fall in the price of a security or commodity, usually executed by buying a combination of calls and puts on the same security at different strike prices in order to profit as the security's price falls.Bearer bond （不记名债券）Bonds that are not registered on the books of the issuer. Such bonds are held in physical form by the owner, who receives interest payments by physically detaching coupons from the bond certificate and delivering them to the paying agent.Below par（低于票面价值）Less than the nominal or face value of a security.Benchmark （基准）The performance of a predetermined set of securities, used for comparison purposes. Such sets may be based on published indexes or may be customized to suit an investment strategy.Benchmark interest rate （基准利率）Also called the base interest rate, it is the minimum interest rate investors will demand for investing in a non-Treasury security. It is also tied to the yield to maturity offered on the comparable-maturity Treasury security that was most recently issued (on-the-run).Best efforts offering（证券代销方式)A security offering in which the investment bankers agree to use only their best efforts to sell the issuer's securities. The investment bankers do not commit to purchase any unsold securities.Beta(β系数)An index of systematic risk. It measures the sensitivity of a stock's returns to changes in returns on the market portfolio. The beta of a portfolio is simply a weighted average of the individual stock betas in the portfolio.Bid-asked spread(买卖报价价差)The difference between the asked price and the bid price.Bid Price( 询价或买方报价)This is the quoted bid, or the highest price an investor is willing to pay to buy a security. Practically speaking, this is the available price at which an investor can sell shares of stock.Bid-to-cover ratio （报价成交比例）The ratio of the number of bids received in a Treasury security auction compared to the number of accepted bids.Big Board （大盘）A nickname for the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Also known as The Exchange. More than 2,000 common and preferred stocks are traded. Founded in 1792, the N.Y.S.E. is the oldest exchange in the United States, and the largest.Bilateral facility(双边贷款)Bill of lading(提货单)A shipping document indicating the details of the shipment and delivery of goods and their ownership.Black Friday (黑色星期五）A precipitous drop in a financial market . The original Black Friday occurred on September 24, 1869, when prospectors attempted to corner the gold market.Black Monday (黑色星期一)Refers to October 19, 1987, when the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 508 points on the heels of sharp drops the previous week. On Monday, October 27, 1997, the Dow dropped 554 points. While the point drop set a new record, the percentage decline was substantially less than in 1987.Blind trustA trust in which a fiduciary third party has total discretion to make investments on behalf of a beneficiary while the beneficiary is uninformed about the holdings of the trust.Block houses(大宗证券公司)A broker which helps to find potential buyers and sellers for block trade.Block trade(大宗交易)A large trading order, defined on the New York Stock Exchange as an order that consists of 10,000 shares of a given stock or at a total market value of $200,000 or more.Blue-chip stocks(蓝筹股)Stocks of top-quality, well-known industrial corporations with significant economic impact.Gilt-edged security.(金边证券）Blue sky laws(蓝天法)State laws regulating the offering and sale of securities.Bond(债券)A long-term debt instrument issued by a corporation or government.Bond covenant （债券契约）A contractual provision in a bond indenture. A positive covenant requires certain actions, and a negative covenant limits certain actions.Bond discount(债券折价)The amount by which the face value of a bond exceeds its current price.Bond equivalent yield (债券等值收益率)Bond yield calculated on an annual percentage rate method. Differs from annual effective yield.Bond premium(债券溢价)The amount by which the current price of a bond exceeds its face value.Bond rating(债券评级）A rating based on the possibility of the default by a bond issuer. The ratings range from AAA (highly unlikely to default) to C (in default).Bond swapping(债券互换）The sale of one bond issue and purchase of another issue simultaneously.Book runner(承销薄记人）The managing underwriter for a new issue. The book runner maintains the book of securities sold.Book value(账面价值)(I) An asset: the accounting value of an asset-the asset's cost minus its accumulateddepreciation;(2) a firm: total assets minus liabilities and preferred stock as listed on the balance sheet.Book value per share (每股帐面价值）The ratio of stockholder equity to the average number of common shares. Book value per share should not be thought of as an indicator of economic worth, since it reflects accounting valuation (and not necessarily market valuation).Bottom（底部）Refers to the base support level for market prices of any type. Also used in the context of securities to refer to the lowest market price of a security during a specific time-frame.Bounce （反弹）A check returned by a bank because it is not payable, usually because of insufficient funds. Also used in the context of securities to refer to the rejection and ensuing reclamation of a security; a stock price's abrupt decline and recovery.Brady bonds （布雷迪债券）Bonds issued by emerging countries under a debt reduction plan.Breadth of the marketIn the context of general equities, percentage of stocks participating in a particular market move. Technical analysts say there was significant breadth if two-thirds of the stocks listed on an exchange move in the same direction during a trading session. Break price （突破价位）Used in the context of general equities. Change one's offering or bid prices to move to a more realistic, tight level where execution is more feasible. Often done to trim one's position, thus "breaking price" from where the trades occurred (if long, "break price" downward 1/8 a point or more).Break-even analysis(盈亏平衡分析)A technique for studying the relationship among fixed costs, variable costs, profits, and sales volume.Break-even chart(盈亏平衡图)A graphic representation of the relationship between total revenues and total costs for various levels of production and sales, indicating areas of profit and loss.Break-even point(盈亏平衡点)The sales volume required so that total revenues and total costs are equal; may be expressed in units or in sales dollars.Breaking the syndicate （终止承销）Terminating an agreement among underwriters, specifically the investment banking group assembled to underwrite the issue of a security.Breakout （突破）A rise in a security's price above a resistance level (commonly its previous high price) or a drop below a level of support (commonly the former lowest price.) A breakout is taken to signify a continuing move in the same direction. Can be used by technical analysts as a buy or sell indicatorBretton Woods Agreement(布雷顿森林体系)An agreement signed by the original United Nations members in 1944 that established the International Monetary Fund (I.M.F.) and the post-World War II international monetary system of fixed exchange rates.Bridge financing （过渡性融资）Interim financing of one sort or another used to solidify a position until morepermanent financing is arranged.Broker （经纪人）An individual who is paid a commission for executing customer orders. Either a floor broker who executes orders on the floor of the exchange, or an upstairs broker who handles retail customers and their orders. Also, person who acts as an intermediary between a buyer and seller, usually charging a commission. A "broker" who specializes in stocks, bonds, commodities, or options acts as an agent and must be registered with the exchange where the securities are traded.Bubble Economy(泡沫经济)Bulge bracket （主导阶层）A tier of firms in an underwriting syndicate that have the highest participation level. Bull market （牛市）Any market in which prices are in an upward trend.Bull spread （牛市价差）A spread strategy in which an investor buys an out-of-the-money put option, financing it by selling an out-of-the money call option on the same underlying security. Bulldog bond （猛犬债券）Foreign bond issue made in London.Bullet strategy （子弹式策略）A fixed income strategy in which a portfolio is constructed so that the maturities of its securities are highly concentrated at one point on the yield curve.Business day （营业日）A day in which financial markets are open for trading.Business risk(经营风险)The inherent uncertainty in the physical operations of the firm. Its impact is shown in the variability of the firm's operating income (EBIT).Butterfly spread （蝴蝶价差）Applies to derivative products. Complex option strategy that involves selling two calls and buying two calls on the same or different markets, with several maturity dates. One of the options has a higher exercise price and the other has a lower exercise price than the other two options. The payoff diagram resembles the shape of a butterfly. Buy-and-hold strategy （买券持有策略）A passive investment strategy with no active buying and selling of stocks from the time the portfolio is created until the end of the investment horizon.Buy-and-write strategy （买券卖权策略）An options strategy that calls for the purchase of stocks and the writing of covered call options on them.Buyer's market （买方市场）Market in which the supply exceeds the demand, creating lower prices.Buy order （买入指令）An order to a broker to purchase a specific quantity of a security.金融词汇之三。

account number 帐目编号depositor 存户pay-in slip 存款单a deposit form 存款单a banding machine 自动存取机to deposit 存款deposit receipt 存款收据private deposits 私人存款certificate of deposit 存单deposit book, passbook 存折credit card 信用卡principal 本金overdraft, overdraw 透支to counter sign 双签to endorse 背书endorser 背书人to cash 兑现to honor a cheque 兑付to dishonor a cheque 拒付to suspend payment 止付cheque,check 支票cheque book 支票本order cheque 记名支票bearer cheque 不记名支票crossed cheque 横线支票blank cheque 空白支票rubber cheque 空头支票cheque stub, counterfoil 票根cash cheque 现金支票traveler's cheque 旅行支票cheque for transfer 转帐支票outstanding cheque 未付支票canceled cheque 已付支票forged cheque 伪支票Bandar's note 庄票，银票banker 银行家president 行长savings bank 储蓄银行Chase Bank 大通银行National City Bank of New York 花旗银行Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行Banque de I'IndoChine 东方汇理银行central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行discount bank 贴现银行exchange bank 汇兑银行requesting bank 委托开证银行issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行negotiation bank 议付银行confirming bank 保兑银行paying bank 付款银行associate banker of collection 代收银行consigned banker of collection 委托银行clearing bank 清算银行local bank 本地银行domestic bank 国内银行overseas bank 国外银行unincorporated bank 钱庄branch bank 银行分行trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行trust company 信托公司financial trust 金融信托公司unit trust 信托投资公司trust institution 银行的信托部credit department 银行的信用部commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司（贴现公司）neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所credit union 合作银行credit bureau 商业兴信所self-service bank 无人银行land bank 土地银行construction bank 建设银行industrial and commercial bank 工商银行bank of communications 交通银行mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行industrial bank 实业银行home loan bank 家宅贷款银行reserve bank 准备银行chartered bank 特许银行corresponding bank 往来银行merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行investment bank 投资银行import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行joint venture bank 合资银行money shop, native bank 钱庄credit cooperatives 信用社clearing house 票据交换所public accounting 公共会计business accounting 商业会计cost accounting 成本会计depreciation accounting 折旧会计computerized accounting 电脑化会计general ledger 总帐subsidiary ledger 分户帐cash book 现金出纳帐cash account 现金帐journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐bad debts 坏帐investment 投资surplus 结余idle capital 游资economic cycle 经济周期economic boom 经济繁荣economic recession 经济衰退economic depression 经济萧条economic crisis 经济危机economic recovery 经济复苏inflation 通货膨胀deflation 通货收缩devaluation 货币贬值revaluation 货币增值international balance of payment 国际收支favourable balance 顺差adverse balance 逆差hard currency 硬通货soft currency 软通货international monetary system 国际货币制度the purchasing power of money 货币购买力money in circulation 货币流通量note issue 纸币发行量national budget 国家预算national gross product 国民生产总值public bond 公债stock, share 股票debenture 债券treasury bill 国库券debt chain 债务链direct exchange 直接（对角）套汇indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机discount 贴现discount rate, bank rate 贴现率gold reserve 黄金储备money (financial) market 金融市场stock exchange 股票交易所broker 经纪人commission 佣金bookkeeping 簿记bookkeeper 簿记员an application form 申请单bank statement 对帐单letter of credit 信用证strong room, vault 保险库equitable tax system 等价税则specimen signature 签字式样banking hours, business hours 营业时间。

常见的金融词汇中英对照1. 金融市场 (Financial Markets)金融市场是指用于实现资金交易和资金融通的场所，包括股票市场、债券市场、外汇市场和商品市场等。

•股票市场 (Stock Market): the market for buying and selling shares of publicly traded companies.•债券市场 (Bond Market): the market for buying and selling bonds.•外汇市场 (Foreign Exchange Market): the market for trading foreign currencies.•商品市场 (Commodity Market): the market for trading commodities such as oil, gold, and agricultural products.2. 资本市场 (Capital Market)资本市场是指长期融资和投资的市场，包括股票市场和债券市场等。

•股票市场 (Stock Market): the market for buying and selling shares of publicly traded companies.•债券市场 (Bond Market): the market for buying and selling bonds.3. 证券 (Securities)证券是指可以转让和交易的金融工具，包括股票、债券、证券投资基金等。

•股票 (Stocks): shares of ownership in a company that can be bought and sold on a stock market.•债券 (Bonds): debt securities issued by governments, corporations, or other organizations to raise capital.•证券投资基金 (Mutual Funds): investment funds that pool money from multiple investors to invest in a diversified portfolio of stocks, bonds, orother securities.4. 风险管理 (Risk Management)风险管理是指识别、评估和处理金融交易和投资中的各种风险，以减少损失和提高效益。

金融词汇（总）Accounts payable 应付帐款Accounts receivable 应收帐款Accrued interest 应计利息Accredited Investors 合资格投资者；受信投资人指符合美国证券交易委员(SEC)条例，可参与一般美国非公开(私募)发行的部份机构和高净值个人投资者Accredit value 自然增长值ACE 美国商品交易所ADB 亚洲开发银行ADR 美国存股证；美国预托收据；美国存托凭证[股市] 指由负责保管所存托外国股票的存托银行所发行一种表明持有人拥有多少外国股票(即存托股份)的收据。

ADR一般以美元计价和进行交易，及被视为美国证券。

对很多美国投资者而言，买卖ADR比买卖ADR所代表的股票更加方便、更流动、成本较低和容易。

大部份预托收据为ADR；但也可以指全球预托收(GDR) ，欧洲预托收据(EDR) 或国际预托收据(IDR) 。

从法律和行政立场而言，所有预托收据具有同样的意义。

ADS 美国存托股份Affiliated company 关联公司；联营公司After-market 后市[股市] 指某只新发行股票在定价和配置后的交易市场。

市场参与者关注的是紧随的后市情况，即头几个交易日。

有人把后市定义为股价稳定期，即发行结束后的30天。

也有人认为后市应指稳定期过后的交易市况。

然而，较为普遍的是把这段时期视为二级市场AGM 周年大会Agreement 协议；协定All-or-none order 整批委托Allocation 分配；配置Allotment 配股Alpha (Market Alpha) 阿尔法；预期市场可得收益水平Alternative investment 另类投资American Commodities Exchange 美国商品交易所American Depository Receipt 美国存股证；美国预托收据；美国存托凭证(简称“ADR ”参见ADR栏目)American Depository Share 美国存托股份Amercian Stock Exchange 美国证券交易所American style option 美式期权Amex 美国证券交易所Amortization 摊销Amsterdam Stock Exchange 阿姆斯特丹证券交易所Annual General Meeting 周年大会Antitrust 反垄断APEC 亚太区经济合作组织(亚太经合组织)Arbitrage 套利；套汇；套戥Arbitration 仲裁Arm's length transaction 公平交易Articles of Association 公司章程；组织细则At-the-money option 平价期权；等价期权ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟(东盟)Asian bank syndication market 亚洲银团市场Asian dollar bonds 亚洲美元债券Asset Allocation 资产配置Asset Management 资产管理Asset swap 资产掉期Assignment method 转让方法；指定分配方法ASX 澳大利亚证券交易所Auckland Stock Exchange 奥克兰证券交易所Auction market 竞价市场Authorized capital 法定股本；核准资本Authorized fund 认可基金Authorized representative 授权代表Australian Options Market 澳大利亚期权交易所Australian Stock Exchange 澳大利亚证券交易所Back-door listing 借壳上市Back-end load 撤离费；后收费用Back office 后勤办公室Back to back FX agreement 背靠背外汇协议Balance of trade 贸易平衡Balance sheet 资产负债表Balloon maturity 期末放气式偿还Balloon payment 最末期大笔还清Bank, Banker, Banking 银行；银行家；银行业Bank for International Settlements 国际结算银行Bankruptcy 破产Base day 基准日Base rate 基准利率Basis point 基点；点子Basis swap 基准掉期Bear market 熊市；股市行情看淡Bearer 持票人Bearer stock 不记名股票Behind-the-scene 未开拓市场Below par 低于平值Benchmark 比较基准Beneficiary 受益人Beta (Market beta) 贝他(系数)；市场风险指数Best practice 最佳做法Bills department 押汇部BIS 国际结算银行Blackout period 封锁期Block trade 大额交易；大宗买卖Blue chips 蓝筹股Board of directors 董事会Bona fide buyer 真诚买家Bond market 债券市场，债市Bonds 债券，债票Bonus issue 派送红股Bonus share 红股Book value 帐面值Bookbuilding 建立投资者购股意愿档案[股市] 包销商用以定价一笔发行的方法。

Backdoor listing借壳上市Backend load撤离费；后收用度Back office后勤办公室Back to back FX agreement背靠背外汇协议Balance of payments国际收支平衡；收支结余Balance of trade贸易平衡Balance sheet资产欠债表Balance sheet date年结日Balloon maturity到期年夜额归还Balloon payment期末年夜额归还Bank, Banker, Banking银行；银行家；银行业Bank for International Settlements国际结算银行(BIS)Bankruptcy破产Base day基准日Base rate基准利率Basel Capital Accord巴塞尔资本协议Basis Point (BP)基点；点子一个基点等如一个百分点（%）的百分之一。

举例：25个基点=0.25%Basis swap基准失落期Basket of currencies一揽子货币Basket warrant一揽子备兑证Bear market熊市；股市行情看淡Bear position空仓；空头Bear raid猖狂抛售Bearer持票人Bearer stock不记名股票Behindthescene未开拓市场Below par低于平值Benchmark比较基准Benchmark mortgage pool按揭存款基准组合Beneficiary受益人Bermudan option百慕年夜期权百慕年夜期权介乎美式与欧式之间，持有人有权在到期日前的一个或多个日期执行期权。

Best practice最佳做法；典范做法Beta (Market beta)贝他(系数)；市场风险指数Bid出价；投标价；买盘指由买方报出暗示愿意按此水平买入的一个价格。

Big Band金融变革Bill of exchange汇票Bills department押汇部Binary二元制；二进法（只有两个可能的结果）Binary option二元期权又称数字期权或非全有即全无期权。