名词性从句中的虚拟语气的用法解析-word
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英语虚拟语气在从句中的用法及其表达方式摘要虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑、建议、猜测、可能或纯粹的空想等。
虚拟语气在英语中有多种表达方式,可以用于不同类型的从句中,如条件从句、名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句等。
本文将介绍虚拟语气在从句中的基本用法和常见句型,并给出相应的例句。
一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件从句是由连词if或其他连词引导的表示条件或假设的从句。
条件从句可以分为四种类型,分别对应不同的虚拟语气形式:类型条件从句主句含义例句真实条件if + 一般现在时一般将来时/情态动词+动词原形表示可能发生或实现的情况If it rains tomorrow, we willstay at home.与现在事实相反if + 一般过去时/过去进行时would/could/might/should+动词原形表示与现在事实相反或不可能实现的假设If I were you, I would studyharder.与过去事实相反if + 过去完成时/过去完成进行时would/could/might/should+have+过去分词表示与过去事实相反或无法改变的假设If he had studied harder, hewould have passed theexam.与将来事实相反if + should/were to+动词原形/一般过去时would/could/might/should+动词原形表示对将来不太可能发生或实现的假设If I should win the lottery, Iwould travel around theworld.二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法名词性从句是指在句子中充当名词功能的从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句中可以使用虚拟语气来表示说话人的愿望、建议、命令、要求等。
1. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法宾语从句是指在复合句中作主要成分动词或介词的宾语的从句。
虚拟语气用于名词性从句1) 虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构,表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。
常用作表语的形容词:natural,necessary,important,urgent (急迫的) ,probable,desirable (极好的) ,advisable(合理的) ,essential(必要的) ,常用的过去分词:required, demanded,suggested,recommended,ordered。
如:It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。
It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。
It is desired that we(should) get everything ready this evening.希望我们今晚一切都准备就绪。
2) 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时。
I wish I were a bird. 我希望我是一只小鸟。
I wish he hadn’t gone abroad. 我希望他没有出国。
I wish you could be quiet. 我希望你能安静下来。
②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.老师建议我们下课后擦黑板。
He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
名词性从句中虚拟语气的应用场景在语法学中,名词性从句是句子的一种类型,用作主语、宾语或表语。
名词性从句中常常会出现虚拟语气的用法,用来表达一种假设、愿望或建议的语气。
本文将探讨名词性从句中虚拟语气的应用场景。
一、名词性从句作主语在名词性从句作主语的情况下,虚拟语气常常用来表达愿望、建议或假设。
例如:1. I suggest that she go to the doctor.(我建议她去看医生。
)这个句子中,名词性从句“she go to the doctor”作为整个句子的主语,其中的虚拟语气“go”表示了一种建议的语气。
2. It is important that he be on time.(他准时到达很重要。
)这个句子中,名词性从句“he be on time”作为整个句子的主语,在虚拟语气中,动词“be”使用了原形形式,表示了一种重要性的假设。
二、名词性从句作宾语在名词性从句作宾语的情况下,虚拟语气常常用来表达一种建议、命令或责任的语气。
例如:1. She insisted that he not be late.(她坚持要求他不要迟到。
)在这个句子中,名词性从句“he not be late”作为动词“insisted”的宾语,其中的虚拟语气“not be”表示了一种命令的语气。
2. They requested that the project be completed as soon as possible.(他们要求尽快完成这个项目。
)在这个句子中,名词性从句“the project be completed as soon as possible”作为动词“requested”的宾语,在虚拟语气中,动词“be”使用了原形形式,表示了一种要求的语气。
三、名词性从句作表语在名词性从句作表语的情况下,常常用虚拟语气来表达对于某种特定状态的假设或愿望。
例如:1. The teacher's suggestion is that we learn more vocabulary.(老师的建议是我们学习更多的词汇。
课程导学重 难 点 聚 焦山 东 省 威 海 市 苏 永 兰两名 种词 虚性 拟从 语句 气中 的虚拟语气是高中英语学习的一个重要内容和教学难点, 它会以不同的形式出现在我 们的试卷中: 语法填空 、 短文改错 、 翻译以及阅读文章等 。
笔者通过自己多年的教学实 践, 对名词性从句中的两种虚拟语气进行了梳理和总结, 希望能为同学们的学习提供一些 帮助。
一 、wish 宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的愿望。
根 wish宾语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气, 据时间的不同, 谓语动词的形式分为三种情况。
(一 ) 表示与现在事实相反的愿望: did/were 1.I wish I were with my parents now. 我希望我现在跟父母在一起。
2.I wish I knew how to deal with such kind of thing. 真希望我知道该如何处理这种事情。
3.I wish the moon were shinning at the moment. 但愿此刻有月亮。
(二 ) 表示将来的愿望: would/should/could/might do 1.I wish he would try again.2016.109 1重 难 点 聚 焦课程导学我希望他再试一次。
2.I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有点用处。
3.He wished she might do better next time. 他希望她下次能做得更好。
4.I wish very much you could manage to come over. 我非常希望你能设法来一下。
(三 ) 对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时: had done或would/could have done 1.I wish you had come to our New Year’ s party.我真希望你来参加了我们的新年聚会。
1. 通过本课的学习,能够全面掌握名词性从句中虚拟语气的基本用法。
2. 通过本课的学习,能够初步了解虚拟语气在不同类型名词性从句中的具体用法。
重点:掌握与坚持、命令、建议、要求四类词相关名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法。
难点:wish宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法。
近几年高考对于虚拟语气的考查主要集中在语法填空和书面表达中,语法填空涉及动词提示词的填空中多次出现对虚拟语气的考查,考查难度不大。
一、主语从句中的虚拟语气:1. It is/was + 形容词+ that从句当形容词为important, necessary,strange,natural,appropriate, proper, right, desirable, essential, surprising, unthinkable等或名词短语a good idea时。
2. It is/was + a pity / a shame / a surprise / no wonder + that从句3. It is demanded / suggested / ordered / required / ….that-clause注意:这种主语从句由连词that引导,虚拟语气为“(should)动词原形”。
其中should可省略。
should 常译成“应该、必须、竟然”。
It is important and necessary that we (should) master a foreign language.精通一门外语对我们来说是重要而且必要的。
It is proper that an independent inquiry (should) take place.进行独立调查很合适。
It is strange that he (should) refuse your help.他竟然拒绝你的帮助真是奇怪。
It is surprising that you (should) not understand me!你竟然不理解我,真令人吃惊!It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.你竟然错过一个好机会真是遗憾。
名词性从句中的虚拟语气当名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)中的谓语动词使用了某种特殊形式或者该从句使用了某些具有特定意义的名词、形容词或分词时,可以使用虚拟语气。
1. 主语从句(1) It is important that she (should) cooperate with usIt was unnecessary that he (should) get here so early.He says it is fortunate that she (should) take the first prize.It is strange that he (should) leave without telling us.It is surprising/amazing/pleasing that she(should) win over her mother.在“it + be + adj. + that clause ”的句型中,形容词表示“必须的”、“重要的”、“适当的”、“自然的”、“不可能的”、“紧迫的”等意义时,主语从句常用虚拟语气。
这类形容词还有advisable, desirable, essential, impossible, natural, possible等。
形容词表示“惊讶的”、“失望的”、“懊悔的”等意义时,主语从句常用虚拟语气。
形容词是dreadful(可怕的),funny等词时,这种句型中的主语从句也可用陈述语气。
(2)It is ordered that the classroom (should) be kept in order.It is desired that every student (should) obey the school rulesIt is suggested that we (should) start the work at once.表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”意义的动词,如advise, arrange, demand, propose, recommend, request, require等用被动语态时,主语从句要用虚拟语气。
虚拟语⽓除了⽤作状语从句中外,还可以⽤作主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等名词性从句中。
语法要览——主语从句中的使⽤ 当it作形式主语,后⾯⽤形容词作表语,即在it is + adj.这样的句型中,当描述主语的表语形容词是advisable,critical,crucial,desirable,essential,imperative,important,incredible,inevitable,necessary,recommend,strange, urgent等形容词时,主语从句的谓语动词多⽤虚拟语⽓,如果是现在时,谓语动词⽤should/would +动词原形(should/would经常省略);如果是过去时,则⽤should/would + have done的形式。
example 121.(2000年Text 1) 真题回放:It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably,the retreat from predominance proved painful. 破解真题:这是⼀个含有主语从句的复合句。
句⾸的It是形式主语,真正主语是that从句,该主语从句使⽤了虚拟语⽓should+完成时。
参考译⽂:随着其他国家⽇益富裕,美国的这⼀优势地位逐渐下降是不可避免的。
惟其不可避免,从优势地位上退出愈发痛苦不堪。
example 121.(05年Text 2) 真题回放:“Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.” 破解真题:我们重点看⼀下……and it is critical that……of present actions这⼀部分内容,这是⼀个含有主语从句的复合句。
虚拟语气——名词性从句中的虚拟语气在英语中有陈述语气,用于平铺直叙客观情况。
而虚拟语气,顾名思义,不是真实的客观的情况,而是主观的(说话人)命令,要求,建议等,事实上并未发生。
在形式上用should+do来标明这是虚拟语气。
巧记1:名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句: 主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句。
1) 宾语从句: 10个动词+that sb. (should) do例:I suggest that he (should) work hard.我建议他努力学习。
巧记2:与suggest用法相同的10个动词思考:为什么这些词要用虚拟语气呢?因为:你命令要求建议或坚持让某人去做某事,事实他还没做,这就是虚拟语气。
所以要注意:suggest表暗示表明;insist表坚称时,不用虚拟语气。
He insisted that he didn't cheat in the exam.他坚持说他没作弊。
His embarrassed look suggested that he was lying.他尴尬的表情表明他在撒谎。
2)主语从句:It is/was +10个动词(-ed)+sb.(should) do例:①It is suggested that he should work hard.据建议他该努力学习。
注意:It 作形式主语使用虚拟语气的句式还有②It is important, necessary,strange…that+ (should) do③It is a pity, a shame, no wonder… that+ (should) do④It is (high/about) time that sb. should do/did sth.(should不可省略)到某人做某事的时间了,事实上还没做,所以用虚拟。
注意:在句式②③中,should除译为应该外,有时表竟然。
名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句是高中英语学习中重要的语法项目之一,它主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
由于这四种从句在句中均具有名词的特征,所以统称为名词性从句。
在某些名词性从句中谓语动词需要用虚拟语气,主要包括以下几点。
一、宾语从句1. 在表示“坚持、要求、命令、建议”之类的动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词要用“should + 动词原形”,should可以省略。
这样的动词有:一个“坚持”(insist),两个“命令”(order, command),三个“建议”(suggest, advise, propose),四个“要求”(ask, demand, request, require)。
例如:He insists that she (should) come. 他执意要她来。
He demanded that he ( should ) be sent to work there. 他要求把他派到那里工作。
注意:当suggest 表示“暗示,表明”,insist表示“坚持说(认为)”时,其后的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用陈述语气。
例如:All the evidence suggests that he stole the money. 所有证据都表明是他偷了钱。
He insisted that he was innocent. 他坚持说他是无辜的。
2. 在动词wish 后面的宾语从句中,如果表示与将来事实相反或不可能实现的愿望,用should / would / could / might+动词原形;如果表示与现在事实相反的一种愿望,谓语动词用过去式;如果表示与过去事实相反的一种愿望或已经发生的遗憾的事情,用“had+过去分词”。
例如:I wish you wouldn’t leave your clothes all over the floor. 我真希望你不把衣服丢得满地都是。
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
当名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)中的
谓语动词使用了某种特殊形式或者该从句使用了某些具有特定意义的名
词、形容词或分词时,可以使用虚拟语气。
1. 主语从句
(1) It is important that she (should) cooperate with us
It was unnecessary that he (should) get here so early.
He says it is fortunate that she (should) take the first prize.
It is strange that he (should) leave without telling us.
It is surprising/amazing/pleasing that she(should) win over her mother.
在“it + be + adj. + that clause ”的句型中,形容词表示“必须的”、“重要的”、“适当的”、“自然的”、“不可能的”、“紧迫的”等意义时,主语从句常用虚拟语气。
这类形容词还有advisable, desirable, essential, impossible, natural, possible等。
形容词表示“惊讶的”、“失望的”、“懊悔的”等意义时,主语从句常用虚拟语气。
形容词是dreadful(可怕的),funny等词时,这种句型中的主语从句也可用陈述语气。
(2)It is ordered that the classroom (should) be kept in order.
It is desired that every student (should) obey the school rules
It is suggested that we (should) start the work at once.
表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”意义的动词,如advise, arrange, demand, propose, recommend, request, require等用被动语态时,主语从句要用虚拟
语气。
2. 宾语从句
(1)He insisted that all of us (should) be there on time by any means. The teacher suggested we (should) clean the blackboard after class.
表示“要求”、“建议”、“命令”等意义的动词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。
这类动词包括insist, desire, request, order, propose, command, advise, recommend, demand, suggest等。
这些动词后面的宾语从句中用“(should)+ 动词原形”构成虚拟语气。
注意:当insist 表示“坚持认为”和suggest表示“表明;暗示”,其后的宾语从句中不用虚拟语气。
例如:
The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.
He insisted that was honest.
(2) I wish I could fly.(用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的愿望)
I wish I had known it before. (用过去完成时表示过去未实现的愿望,即与过去事实相反的愿望)
I wish you would stay a little longer. (用“would + 动词原形”表示对将来的愿望) Wish 后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。
Wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气,要按“后退一步法”处理从句中谓语动词的时态。
注意:表示何时的愿望,与那个事实相反,不能以主句时态为判断依据,而应根据从句的意义判断。
(3)I would rather you did not make any comment on the issue for the time being.
Would not you rather your child went to bed early? 短语would rather后面的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气。
在这种结构中,从句中的谓语动词通常用过去式表示对现在的虚拟,用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。
3.表语从句
My suggestion is that the old houses (should) be pulled down.
The old man’s request is that his children (should) give him some money to live on every month.
句子主语是表示“愿望”、“劝告”、“建议”、“主张”、“决定”等行为动词派生出的同根名词时,表语从句常用虚拟语气“(should+)动词原形”结构。
这类名词有suggestion, proposal, request, advice, decision, requirement等。
4. 同位语从句
What do you think of Mr Li’s proposal that we (should) have a get—together next Friday?
My wish that a teaching building (should) be built here will soon come true.
同位语从句中用虚拟语气的情况与表语从句类似。
从句的先行词是表示“愿望”、“劝告”、“建议”、“主张”、“命令”、“决定”等行为动词派生出来的同根名词时,同位语从句常用虚拟语气“(should+)动词原形”结构。
这类名词与上面所讲的表语从句中的一样。
补充:It is (high) time that the child went to bed.
在it is (high) time + (that)从句中,从句中的谓语动词通常用过去
时(或should+动词原形)表示虚拟。
强化练习:
1. She noticed how nervous he was and _______he should stand near the stage where he could watch and follow the play.
A. agreed
B. suggested
C. persuaded
D. encouraged
2. Jane’s pale face suggested that she _________ill, and her parents suggested that she _________a medical examination.
A. be should have
B. was; have
C. should be had
D. was; had
3. It is necessary that the question___________
A. be settled
B. must settle
C. settle
D. could be settled
4. They received orders that the work ______at once.
A. must be done
B. would be done
C. had been done
D. be done
5. The young man insisted that he ______nothing wrong and _______free.
A. did; set
B. had done; should be set
C. do; be set
D. had done ; must be set
6. My suggestion was that the meeting ______off till next week.
A. to put
B. be put C, should D. be putting
7. “ Have you ever been to Beijing?”“No, but I wish I __________.”
A. have
B. will
C. do
D. had
8. it is time (that) we ________to bet.
A. must go
B. will go
C. went
D. have gone
9. How I wish Jim___________the game!
A. wins
B. won
C. had won
D. has won
10. I’ d rather you _________the letter right away.
A. post
B. posted
C. will post
D. should post Keys: 1--------5 BBADB 6----------10BDCCB。