介词的常见用法及搭配

1.absence from 缺席，不在 如：

His long absence from work delayed his promotion.

他长期不上班，耽误了提升。

2. absence of 缺乏 如：

In the absence of my commanding officer, I acted on my own initiative.

指挥官不在场，我主动见机行事。

In the absence of their teacher the class was in a state of anarchy.

教师不在，班上一片混乱。

3. access to ……的入口，通路 如：

The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.

要到那农舍去唯有穿过田地。

She was forbidden access to the club.

人家不允许她到那个俱乐部去。

4. acquaintance with 相识，了解 如：

I have only a nodding acquaintance with Japanese.

我对日语仅略知一二。

The guide has some acquaintance with Italian.

导游懂得一点意大利语。

5. action on sth 对……的作用 如：

evidences of glacial action on the rocks

岩石上的冰河留下的痕迹

6. addition to sth 增加 如：

She is a beautiful addition to the family.

她是我们家漂亮的新成员。 Can we finance the addition to our home?

我们可以为你提供经费。

7. admission to /into 进入；入(场，学，会等) 如：

常见介词的用法 一.about作介词的用法: ①.关于 a. What are you talking about ? b. I read about it in today’s newspaper. c. When I first saw you together, I was so happy about it. d. You are entirely wrong about the whole matter. e. He said he had to see me about something important. f. I have no doubt about that. ②.在„周围, 围绕 a. There was a white fence about the house. b. I went closer, and he put his arms about me. ③.在„范围内, 到处 a. After tea I wandered alone about the town. b. He walked for three hours about the London street. ④.在„附近, 在身边 a. The streets about the park are very clean. b. She likes to have her children about her. ⑤.在身上, 在身边 a. Do you have two hundred yuan about you ? b. I happen to have a pencil about me. ⑥.词组或固定搭配: see about负责处理; set about开始着手做某事 二.above作介词的用法: ①.在„上方 a. The moon was now above the trees in the east. b. The shelf should be six feet above the level of the floor. ②.在.. .之上, 比„高, 高于, 超过 a. The temperature was only a degree above zero. b. He is a head above me. c. Above 200 people were there when the fire broke out. d. All children above six years of age must go to school. ③.词组或固定搭配: above all首先, 最重要的是 三.across作介词的用法: ①.穿过, 跨过(从一边到另一边) a. There is no bridge across the river. b. He hurried across the bridge to Waterloo. ②.在(河, 街等的)另一边 a. The bus stop is just across the road. b. Across the street was a café full of people. ③.交叉 a. He sat with his arms across the chest. b. At one point the railway line goes across the road. ④.在„全境, 在„境内 a. There are hundreds of such shops across the country. b. The measures are already taken in a few places across the United States. ⑤.词组或固定搭配: come acorss偶然碰到 四.after作介词的用法: ①.(指时间)在„之后 a. What shall we do after graduation ? b. He was still weak after his long illness. c. After sending that letter I realized how stupid I was. d. After having had twelve months’ practice, I decided to make one more effort. ②.(指空间)在„后面 a. He entered the room after his father. b. He called after me three or four times. ③.照„的样子, 跟着 a. Will you please make the box after this model ? b. The boy was named after his uncle. ④.词组或固定搭配: after all毕竟, 究竟; after dark天黑之后; be after想得到, 寻求, 追求; go after追求, 设法得到; look after照顾, 照看; one after another一个接一个地 五.against作介词的用法: ①.表示反对关系: a. I will speak against anything that I know to be wrong. b. Many of the students are against the plan. ②.(表位置)靠着, 顶着, 迎着, 衬着 a. The piano stood against the wall. b. He could hear the rain pattering against the windows. c. The trees were black against the morning sky. d. He struck her head against the branch of a tree. ③.预防, 防备, 准备„时用 a. We are all taking medicine against the disease. b. They bought some warm clothes against the cold winter. c. We have to save some money against old age. ④.表示对比关系 a. He was elected by a majority of 20 votes against 10. ⑤.词组或固定搭配: against one’s will违反自己的意愿; go against违反, 不利于 六.along作介词的用法: 表示 “沿着” a. They traveled along the west coast. b. There are trees all along the river banks. 七.among作介词的用法: ①.在„中间, 在„当中, 是„中间的一个 a. The great leader prefers to live among the working people. b. Divide the money among the six of you. c. The town lies among the mountains. d. I was among the first to arrive. e. Shelley is among the world’s greatest poets. f. Paris is among the largest cities in the world. ②.(和反身代词等连用)相互间, 共同, 一起 a. They quarreled among themselves for half an hour. b. The three boys discussed the matter among themselves. c. Among them, they collected over a hundred pounds. 八.at作介词的用法: ①.在(某一地点或场合) a. Jenkins was not at his office. b. He had taken a job at a children’s hospital. c. I live at 403, Brook Street. d. The had left the luggage at the station. e. Watson asked him to dinner at a restaurant. f. Let’s meet at the entrance of the station. g. The car is waiting at the gate. h. The girl is at the window, looking out into the garden. i. I met her at the end of the road. j. I sat at the back of the room, the important people sat at the front of the room. k. The post office is at the corner of the street. l. Did you speak at the meeting ? m. I met him at an evening party. ②.在(某一个时刻, 时候, 时期等) a. Dinner was at one o’clock. b. At the present moment he is supposed to be in Paris. c. At noon there was still no news. d. He worked in the daytime, and at night he went to the night school. e. At the end of the year there was a great deal to do. f. Cyril was born in 1874 at Christmas. g. At that time he was in his middle sixties. h. At this time of year it didn’t get dark until nine o’clock. i. The railway was being built at that period. ③.向, 对(表示动作的方向或目标) a. I wish you’d come and look at my drawing. b. Old Mr. Smith stared at his youngest son. c. He shot at the bear but missed. d. Then three policemen rushed at him. ④.为, 对于(表示引起某种情绪的原因) a. He looked surprised at seeing us. b. He was very angry at losing the game. c. Sophia was very delighted at the chance. d. He felt glad at what the teacher had said. e. They were overjoyed at his return to work. f. The whole nation was in deep sorrow at his death. ⑤.在„的情况下(表示一个动作的起因) a. He was writing the story at the request of his teacher. b. All theatres were closed at the command of the government. ⑥.表示在某状态下或在进行某动作 a. The country was at war for 6 years in the 1920s. b. They were at their meal when the phone rang. c. He was at his work until late into night. ⑦.在某方面 a. She is quite clever at drawing. b. He is an expert at repairing. ⑧.表示价格, 数量, 速度等 a. I had a small room, at a cost of fifteen cents per night. b. He sells the cloth at a dollar a meter. c. The car is running at its top speed. d. They are working at top speed to develop a new printing machine. ⑨.词组或固定搭配: at a time一次; not„at all一点也不; at all costs不惜一切代价; at any rate不管怎样; at first sight乍一看, 一见面; at heart在内心里; at last最后, 终于; at least至少; at most至多; at once马上, 立刻; at present目前, 现在; at the same time同时; at the top of one’s voice高声地; at times有时候, 间或; at work在工作, 起作用; at worst在最坏情况下 九.before作介词的用法: ①.在„前面 a. He sat before the fire to warm herself. b. I will not have you talking that way before the children. ②.在„以前 a. It began to rain just before midnight. b. He had come to Europe before the outbreak of the war. c. He waited a little while before making up his mind. d. Before entering, Holmes made an examination of the door. ③.词组或固定搭配: before long不久, 一会儿之后; before ( one’s ) time提前, 早到 十.behind作介词的用法: ①.在„后面, 到„后面 a. There is a garden behind the house. b. The dog was running behind its master’s bicycle. c. We could feel the threat behind all they said. d. He was behind the others in ability. ②.比„晚

附：TOEFL高频率介词搭配

介词在英语里出现非常频繁，它的搭配众多且意义丰富。在托福语法题中，介词的搭配是考生感到较为棘手的问题之一。这里总结了常用介词的各种搭配，供同学们复习备考参阅。

一、ABOUT

1. 动词+about+sth.。about在此表示“论及，谈起，涉及，着手”等意思： arrange about 安排，argue about辩论, ask about询问，bring about带来，chat about闲聊， care about在意，complain

about报怨，go about着手，hear about听说, inquire about打听,know about了解， quarrel about争论，read about读到, see about负责处 理，set about开始, speak about谈起, talk about谈论,

think about考虑, trouble about担心， tell about讲述，worry about着急。现举例说明其中一些短语的用法：

She inquired about my brother. 她向我打听有关我兄弟的情况。

I must set about my packing. 我必须开始收拾行装。

What are you chatting about? 你们在聊什么呢？

2. be +形容词+about+sth.。about在此意思是“为…，对…”，接表原因的词： be anxious about为…着急, be bad about对…感到不舒服，be busy about忙于…, be careful about小心…, be

certain about对…有把握, be concerned about关心…, be crazy about为…发狂，be excited about为…感到激动, be happy about为…而高兴, be mad about为…发疯，be nervous about对…感到紧张, be particular about挑剔…, be pleased about为…兴奋，be strict about对…严格，be

常见动词与介词搭配

of

beware of sb/sth 谨防，当心

accuse sb of sth 指控

approve of sb/ sth 赞成，认可

assure sb/oneself of sth 使……对……确信不疑

boast of sth 自吹自擂

complain of sth 诉说……

consist of sth 由……组成，构成

convince sb of sth 使某人确信

cure sb of 治愈某人

despair of sb/sth 绝望，失去全部希望

dream of sth/ doing sth 梦见，梦想

hear of(/from) 听说

be/get rid of 摆脱……

smell of sth 有某种气味

suspect sb of sth/doing 怀疑某人有某罪

think of sb/ sth 想起，想到

warn sb of sth 警告某人某事

be tired of 对……厌倦

remind sb of sth 提醒，使……想起

rob sb of sth 抢劫

from

borrow sth from sb/sth 从……借

defend sb/sth from sb/sth 保护……免受伤害

demand sth from sb 向……要求

differ from sb/sth 与……不同，有区别

dismiss sb from sth 解雇，开除

draw sth from sth 汲取，从……中获取

emerge from sth 从……中出来，露出

escape fro sb/sth 逃脱，逃走

expect sth from sb 期盼，指望某人

excuse sb from sth 免除某人的责任

hear from sb 收到某人来信

hinder sb/sth from sth/doing 阻碍，妨碍某人做