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英语词汇学课件Episode1

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英语词汇学Chapter 01

英语词汇学Chapter 01

e. g. • can-opener • dip • persuader
(all-purpose key) (pick-pocket) (dagger)
e. g. • beauty (AusE: excellent, great) • auld (Scot: old) • hame (Scot: home) • lough (Irish: lake)
• This symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary, and there is ‘no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself’ (Lodwig and Barrett, 1973)
1.5 Classification of Words • The English vocabulary, multifarious in nature, consists of words of all kinds. They can be classified by different criteria and for different purposes.
e. g. • In medicine: photoscanning, hepatitis, indigestion, penicillin • In education: audiovisual, megauniversity, microteaching
e. g. • In business: bottom line, balloark figures • In horse-racing: hold him back, hold him in • In medicine: paranoid, persona, hypo

词汇学(第一章)-PPT课件

词汇学(第一章)-PPT课件

.
14
3. Native words and borrowed words 本族语词和外来语词
Native words / Angle-Saxon words
Words of Anglo-Saxon origin are native
words. They form the great majority of the
.
13
Another important characteristic is that function words belong to a relatively small and permanent set of words, in comparison to content words. The total number of functional words is about 154. They are stable; they do not come and go with changing fashions and ideas.
basic word stock of the English language.
The basic word stock is the foundation of the
vocabulary accumulated over a number of
epochs. Most native words in modern
.
6
What causes the differences between sound and form?
➢ 1) More morphemes than letters, ➢ 2) Stabilization of spelling, ➢ 3) Deliberate change of spelling by

英语词汇学-第一章

英语词汇学-第一章
What is a Chinese morpheme(语素) ?
语素是音义相结合的最小的语言单位。 一般地说，一个语素就是一个音节，书面上就是一个汉字，有时侯还是一个词。但是音节是从语音学角度分析的结果，文字是书面记录的符号，语素则是语言中构词的基本成份，词是指音义相结合的能够独立运用的最小的语言单位。这四者角度不同，并不是一回事。 1、同一个汉字，可以代表不同的语素。 汉字虽然相同，但读音不同：会议/会计 汉字和读音都相同，但是词性不同：老人/老虎/老是捣乱 汉字、读音和词性都相同，但是意义不同：公家/公牛 2、汉语的语素绝大多数是单音节的，但有时侯，一个汉字并不代表一个语素，只代表一个音节，也就是说，一个语素也可以是两个以上音节。 连绵词：磅礴；口语词：尴尬；音译词：咖啡，奥林匹克 3、有时侯，一个汉字在不同场合，有的是语素，有的不是语素。 马匹（语素）/马达（非语素） （邵敬敏，现代汉通论，上海教育出版社，2001，P113-4）
2
Sound and meaning
Sound and meaning
This symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary. There is no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself. Lodwig and Barrett, 1973
Why the written form is not always similar to the oral form?
The development of the language letters from Romans for 46 sounds in English The pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years. Some of the differences were created by the early scribes.

词汇学PPT课件

词汇学PPT课件

Major Features of Words
1. A word is a sound or combination of sounds which we make voluntarily with out vocal equipment.
Major Features of Words
2. A word is symbolic and is used to stand for something else. In each language, sounds are used to represent objects, happenings, or ideas.
5. A word may consist of one or more morphemes. It can be broken down into smaller meaningful units.
Major Features of Words
6. Words are part of the large communication system we call language. A word is partly dependent for meaning upon its use in that larger context.
1. Definition of a Word
A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function.（张维友）
Definition of a word
daydream
Mew-mew喵 喵
Naturalists
There is an intrinsic

《英语词汇学第一章》PPT课件

《英语词汇学第一章》PPT课件
A morpheme may be represented by one syllable, lik e boy and child, or by two or more syllables, as in la· dy, cro·co·dile, etc.
• B. Allomorphs 词素变体 • A morpheme may take various shapes or forms. • 如：books, pigs, horses共同词素是什么？ • 曲折词素-(e)s。 • 有三种不同发音：/-s, -z, -iz/
• An elusive notion • have has had ？ • friend friends ？
• entry词条in a dictionary --- lexeme 词位 • word form 词形：词的不同形状 • lexical unit 词汇单位：一个词形跟一个意义的结合
• Definition: • A word is an independent, minimal, meaningful linguistic unit.
• 粘着词根大多源自希腊语或拉丁语，不能独立使用。
• 观察下面几个单词，找出共同词根： • revive, vitamin, vital, vivacious, vivid • 拉丁词根：vit-/viv-, 意思：life or live • 复兴，复活；维生素；十分重要的；生机勃勃的，活泼的；生动的
zable into smaller forms. • 词素是语言中最小的语音语义结合体。(P13)
• Q: What’s the difference between a “word” & a “morpheme”? • 词：能独立运用的、最小的语音语义结合体 • 词素：不一定能独立运用 • Example • 试分析：denationalization共有几个词素？ • nation • nation+al • nation+al+ize • de-nation+al+ize • de-nation-al-iz-ation 使非国有化,使私营化

词汇学第一章 The Basic Concepts of Words and VocabularyPPT

词汇学第一章 The Basic Concepts of Words and VocabularyPPT

1.4 Sound and Form

Task 1 Say the following words by yourself.
cough
thought
though
thorough
tough
through
Question: why is there the disparity?


The international reason Changes Borrowings
1.3 Sound and Meaning

In how many languages do you know the name of the animal in this picture?

Task 1 Say the name of the animal in
as many languages as you can.
content words and which are functional words? denote never and run notion upon seven Christmas have would
1.5.3 Native words & borrowed words
Task

Guess whether the statements are true or false.
non-basic vocabulary
Not all the words of the basic word stock have these features.

Non-basic vocabulary include:

Terminology 专业术语 Jargon 行话 Slang 俚语 Argot 隐语 Dialectal words 方言词 Archaisms 古词语 Neologisms 新词语

英语词汇学chapter1

英语词汇学chapter1

The Old English (449-1100)
�
�
The vocabulary of Old English was chiefly AngloSaxon with a small mixture of Old Norse words as a result of the Scandinavian or the Danish conquests of England in the ninth century, such as, cake, call, egg, knife, take, give, etc. The English continued to adopt words from Latin during the Old English period due to the Angles and Saxons’ various contacts with the Romans, such as, candle, kettle, mountain, school, cup, etc.
The Middle English (1100-1500)
The Middle English (1100-1500)
The Norman Conquest: William, the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy, invaded and conquered England and the AngloSaxons in 1066 AD.
Influences
Celts (the earliest inhabitants) 450 790 1066 The conquest and settlement of the Angles, Saxons, and the Jutes the Scandinavian or the Danish conquests The Norman Conquest

英语词汇学 chapter 1

英语词汇学 chapter 1

1.1 Definition of a word
There has been no agreed definition to the term
“word”. The definition may have the following
versions:
① a minimal free form of a language;
② a sound unity;
③ a unit of meaning;
④ a form that can function alone in a sentence.
To sum up, we can say that “a word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function”.
sight(视力)， site(场所)， cite(引证)
vain (陡然), vein(静脉)，vane(风向标)
1.3 Sound and Form
Form refers to the written form of the oral form. Naturally the written form should agree with the oral form. In other words, the sound should be similar to the form. This is true of English in its earliest stage, e. g. Old English.
too.
Numerous linguistic facts prove the opinion held by the Conventionalists is correct, whereas the thesis by the Naturalists can’t hold water.

英语词汇学课件chapterI概要

英语词汇学课件chapterI概要
It aims to provide learners with a solid understanding of the theoretical framework and practical applications of Lexicology in language learning and usage.
Types of semantic change include extension, narrowing, metaphorical extension, and pejoration.
Understanding semantic change is important for accurate communication and avoiding misunderstandings.
Compound vocabulary can help express complex ideas and concepts more concisely, and can enrich the language expression.
Compound vocabulary is also a common way to create new words in English, and can help English learners expand their vocabulary.
of word formation and meaning change. • To develop learners' ability to apply Lexicological knowledge to language learning and usage, and to
enhance their language proficiency and communication skills. • To cultivate learners' independent learning and thinking abilities, and to inspire their interests in

英语词汇学教程ppt课件第1章

英语词汇学教程ppt课件第1章
Linguistic semantics involves all aspects of meaning in natural languages, from the meaning of complex utterances in specific context to that of individual sounds in syllables.
a new waste paper basket
The second type of definition considers the word as a thought unit or a psychological unit.
Farmer Rethink Spoonful all of a sudden as usual.
Morphology is the study of the forms of words and their components. In morphology, morpheme is a basic concept. The major purpose of study in morphology is to look at morphemes and their arrangements in word formation.
Third, there can be no ‘true’ or original meaning, since human language stretches too far back in history.
When speakers cannot analyze an obscure form, they use ‘folk etymology’ to replace it with a different form which is morphologically transparent.

词汇学PPT chapter 1

词汇学PPT chapter 1

• The written form of English is, therefore, an imperfect representation of the phonemic elements of the spoken language (Quirk 1978).
1.4 Sound and Form
1.5 Classification of Words
1. the basic word stock & nonbasic vocabulary 2. content words & functional words 3. native words & borrowed words … 1=2=3=English vocabulary 1. use frequency 2. by notion 3. by origin
1.5.3 native words & borrowed words
native words • Words of Anglo-Saxon origin are small in number, but they form the mainstream of the basic word stock and stand at the core of the language. • They also have the features of the basic word stock.
1.3 Sound and Meaning
• There is ‘no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself. • It is only a symbolic connection. • In different languages the same concept can be represented by different sounds.

英语词汇学教程课件第1章English Lexicology 1上

英语词汇学教程课件第1章English Lexicology 1上

Bug, boy, through, build, -er, dip, stick, -s, read and -ing are all morphemes.
Bug, boy, through, build, dip, stick and read are simple words while –er, -s and ing are only parts of words.
Semantics
Semantics studies meaning. It is usually approached from one of two perspectives: philosophical or linguistic.
Philosophical semantics is concerned with the logical properties of language, the nature of formal theories, and the language of logic.
Lexicographical compilation is derived from lexicological theory.
Dictionaries are compiled now mainly by lexicographers with linguistic knowledge.
People consider lexicography as applied lexicology.
Morphemes are considered as the smallest meaningful units which may constitute words or parts of words. From morphemes, we can specify the kind of relationship they have with the nonlinguistic world.

英语词汇学_完整版

英语词汇学_完整版
English Lexicology
Qin jianping
Chapter one Language,
and Lexicology
Step 1
Linguistics
Discuss: What is lexicology and why do we need to study it? a. Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, concerned with the study of the vocabulary of a given language. It deals with words, their origin, development, history, structure, meaning and application. In short, it is the study of the signification and application of words. It aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures, semantic structures, relations, formation and usages. It is a theoretically-oriented course as well as a practical course.
2009 Words meaning and Componential analysis 4
Step 2 The connection of lexicology with other branches of linguistics a. with phonetics, which is the study of speech sounds made in spoken, without speech sound, there is no word because every word is a unity of sound and meaning. ( Duality: one design feature of human language, which refers to the property of having two levels: sounds level and meaning level.)

《词汇学》英文版课件Chapter 1 English Lexicology--Introduction

《词汇学》英文版课件Chapter 1 English Lexicology--Introduction

Teaching focus:
1.1 What Is a Word
a minimal free form of a language a sound unit a unit of meaning a form that can function alone in a sentence “A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function”. 词是具有一定的声音、意义和语法功能，能独 立运用的最小的语言单位。
Morphology studies the structures or forms of words through the use of morpheme construct Etymology studies the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. Semantics studies the meanings of words and sense relations: polysemy,homonymy,synonymy,antonomy, hyponmy, and semantic field
• 1.2 Sound and Meaning • There is no logical or intrinsic connection between a sound and what it refers to. The relation between sound and meaning is almost always arbitrary or conventional. The same language can use the same sound to mean different things and the different languages use different sounds to refer to the same thing.

英语词汇学 Chapter1.

英语词汇学 Chapter1.
8
What is language?
Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. It is a specific social action and a carrier of information.
和构成、词的意义、词与词之间的意义关系、词义与 语境的关系、成语的构成和使用、词典的类型和使用、 词汇的发展史、词汇与文化的关系、词汇频率统计、 词汇教学等诸多领域。 传统的词汇学有词源学、成语学、词典学、专名学、 方言学等分支学科。
French window
----- (idioms)
落地窗，
take French leave French grey
不辞而别，
浅灰色
Go Duntch
Dutch wife → Midwife
AA制
竹枕
助产士；促成因素
2
名词性向心复合词和形容词性向心复合词的中心成分是从动词派 生出来的，因此也叫做动词性复合词或综合复合词、第一个成员 通常是动词过程的参与者。请看下面的例子： 名词 形容词 self－control（自制） eye－entertaining（非常悦目的） pain－killer（镇痛剂） bullet－resistant（防弹的） core－meaning（核心意义） virus－sensitive （对病毒敏感 的） foot－warmer（脚炉） machine washable（能机洗的） sun－tanned（被太阳晒黑的） disease inhibitory（抑制病毒 的）
English Lexicology:
A Facts
There is no egg in eggplant, nor ham in hamburger, Neither apple nor pine in pineapple． ----- （exocentric compound离心复合词）
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英语词汇学 English Lexicology Lexicon
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Lexicon [early 17th cent. From Greek lexikon book of words] or lexis [1950s: from Greek léxis speech] is used instead of "dictionary" though generally lexicon is a technical term which refers to the set of all words and idioms of the language in question; sometimes writers Use lexicon to refer to the vocabulary of a language as used by an individual speaker, which is best illustrated in the term ―mental lexicon‖.
精品资源共享课程
英语词汇学
English Lexicology
Lecturer: Tang Hongjuan
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英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Some Terminologies
The practice of compiling dictionaries is lexicography; a person
who complies dictionaries is seen as a lexicographer.
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英语词汇学 English Lexicology
L E X E M E
Lexeme can be seen as a term that is used to express the idea that inflected forms, which are words themselves, are still variants of one single word, e.g. ―playing‖, ―played‖, ―plays‖ are the inflected variants of the same lexeme ―play‖. In a sense, each of these variants is itself a word; the term word form is used
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英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
The former can occur as independent unit and even as a
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英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Morphology
Morphology is the study of the morphemes of a language and
Morphology
Lexical Unit
Word Form
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英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Vocabulary
It usually refers to a complete Inventory of the words in a language. But it may also refer to the words in a language. But it may also refer to the words and phrases used in the variants of a language, such as dialect, register, terminology, etc. A unit of vocabulary is generally
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英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
I . Terminologies
Vocabulary Lexicology Lexeme Lexicon Dictionary Semantics
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英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Text in here
II Definition of Word
Aristotle’s definition Bloomfield’s definition
Aristotle defined a word as the smallest significant unit of speech — a definition which held sway until recently. See to –ess as in countess, lioness, duchess and –ish as in boyish, childish, greenish, etc.
how they are combined to make words.
Semantics
Semantics is the technical term used to refer to the study of word meaning/sense.
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英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Dictionary
A dictionary is ―a reference book containing Words usually alphabetically arranged with information about Their forms, pronunciations, functions, etymologies, meanings, and Syntactical and idiomatic uses ‖ (Merriam Webster, 1993).
Definition of WORD & WORD Survey Theory of Naming Sense and Reference Sense and Meaning Classification of Senses
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Contents
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英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Bloomfield held a word is the minimal freeform(1933:
177-178). He distinguished Between two types of
1 2
3
4 5
Antoine Millet’s Definition
Our Consideration Word Survey
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乐山师范学院外国语学院 C学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
referred to as a lexical item/ a word. A learner’s vocabulary
can be divided into active vocabulary and passive vocabulary: the former refers to lexical items which a learner can use (speak and write); the latter to words which he/she can understand (read and guess).
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Lexicology
[1820s: from Greek lexikós of words, -logia study] is the systematic study of vocabulary/lexical items/lexis. It deals with words and word-forming morphemes, significant units. It follows that these elements must be investigated in their form and in their meaning. Roughly, it is a combination of studies on semantics and morphology, called lexical semantics or pragmatic semantics in wider sense.