2011年4月高等教育自学考试英语全国统一命题试题及答案加翻译

2011年4月山东省自考英语（二）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Word Spelling 13. Translation from Chinese into English 14. Translation from English into ChineseV ocabulary and Structrue1．The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ______all practical value by the time they were finished.A．could loseB．would have lostC．might loseD．ought to have lost正确答案：B解析：本题考查虚拟语气的用法。

句意：所涉及的数百万次的计算，若用手工进行，等到完成时恐怕早就失去一切实用价值了。

在本句中，从句省略了if，把had提到了前面，变成了倒装句式。

由于本句是与过去事实相反的假设，条件句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，主句的谓语动词用“would have done”。

故选B。

2．I’ d just as soon______rudely to her.A．that you won’t speakB．you not speakingC．you not speakD．you didn’ t speak正确答案：D解析：本题考查虚拟语气的用法。

句意：我真希望你别对她那么粗鲁地讲话。

在“would rather(wouldsooner，would as soon)+宾语从句”的句型中，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。

它表示的是一种尚未实现的愿望，其从句谓语动词用一般过去时，故选D。

3．He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he______a Chinese.A．wereB．had beenC．isD．has been正确答案：A解析：本题考查虚拟语气的用法。

全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试外贸函电试题课程代码：00094请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.We are not in a position to supply you, as the goods are _______.A. without stockB. outside in stockC. out of stockD. no stock2.We highly appreciate _______.A. your kind cooperationB. you cooperationC. that you cooperateD. it your kind cooperating3.We shall book _______ on the first _______steamer.A. shipment space …readyB. shipping space …availableC. shipping space …unavailableD. shipment …available4.Ms.Smith wrote us last week that our price was _______ and asked us to secure supplies.A. acceptableB. managerialC. impossibleD. unfortunate5.The offer _______ goods being unsold.A. remains goodB. are validC. is subject toD. subject to6. _______ is a very favorable payment term for the exporter.A. Cash with orderB. Cash on deliveryC. Cash against documentsD. Payment in advance7._______ you can reduce your quotations, we shall have to buy elsewhere.A. BeforeB. AfterC. Seeing thatD. Unless8.But for their assistance our corporation would not have made such a great progress _______.A. soon than what had expectB. soon than what was expected1C. sooner than what wasD. sooner than what had been expected9.Please inform your bank to amend the L/C. We look forward to _______as soon as possible.A. receive itB. receivingC. receive the amendmentD. receiving the amendment10.We prefer your quotation _______CIF New York basis.A. forB. withC. onD. at11.We are unable to _______ with your request in your letter of Jan. 31, 2002.A. composeB. confirmC. conformD. comply12.As agreed upon in our negotiations, payment _______ L/C.A. is make byB. is to be made byC. will beD. is by13.We have arranged with the Bank of Japan, Tokyo, to _______ a credit in your favor to be available until September 30.A. drawB. establishC. makeD. quote14.Our payment terms are _______, irrevocable letter of credit for the full invoice value.A. combinedB. confirmedC. committedD. completed15.Please _______ your L/C validity till June 2, 2006.A. extentB. extendC. expandD. effect extension for16.A container holds 240 bicycles; the whole cargo would therefore comprise 50 containers, _______ 8 tons.A. and each weighingB. each to weighC. each weighingD. each weighs17.Our advice of dispatch was faxed to you three days ago and you _______ it by now.A. will receiveB. must have receivedC. receivedD. have been received218.As usual we are going to insure _______ for 110% of the invoice value.A. orderB. All Risks and War RiskC. youD. shipment19. We have lodged a claim _______ ABC ＆Co. _______ the quality of the goods shipped _______ m. v. “Peace”.A. against…for…byB. with…for…underC. on…against…as perD. to…for…per20. The goods under Contract NO. 3617 left here _______.A. in a good conditionB. in good conditionsC. in good conditionD. in the good condition二、填空题（本大题共15小题，每空1分，共25分）请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上。

全国2011年4月高等教育自学考试综合英语(二)试题课程代码：00795I. GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYComplete each of the following 15 sentences with the most likely answer. Write the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 15 points in all)1. The idea of traveling through _________ space to other planets interests many people today.A. aB. theC. /D. one2. I'd get the book for you _________ I could remember who last borrowed it.A. only ifB. if onlyC. except thatD. in case that3. We had to get him to the hospital right away. Otherwise, it _________ too late.A. isB. will beC. wasD. would be4. I think your sister should know _________ to spend her money on fancy goods.A. other thanB. rather thanC. better thanD. more than5. If negotiations for the new trade agreement take _________ , serious food shortage will develop in several countries.A. too much longerB. the longestC. much too longD. the longer6. He was a man of ready advice. He _________ advise anyone on anything on the spur of the moment.A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. might7. I didn't go to his party last night, because _________ I changed my mind.A. on a second thoughtB. on the second thoughtC. on second thoughtsD. on the second thoughts8. _________ we do, it must conform to the interests of the people.浙00795#综合英语(二)试卷第1页（共11页）A. WhateverB. WhicheverC. WheneverD. Wherever9. We must make young smokers realize the harm of cigarettes to their health and help them_________ smoking.A. ridB. leaveC. quitD. cancel10. You can do what you like, but I do not want you to be_________.A. on the wayB. along the wayC. by the wayD. in the way11. It is hard to act according to the _________ which you don't believe in.A. principlesB. judgementsC. proceduresD. attitudes12. John was _________ leaking information to a foreign company.A. suspected ofB. suspicious ofC. doubted aboutD. doubtful about13. The _________ physicist has been challenged by his colleagues.A. respectingB. respectfulC. respectiveD. respected14. Newly woven baskets of this kind often _________ a strange smell.A. give awayB. give overC. give offD. give up15. I'm rather confused; would you please _________ your proposal to me again?A. exposeB. expandC. explainD. exploreII. CLOZEFill in each of the 15 blanks in the passage with the most likely answer. Write the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 15 points in all)Most living things undergo two types of biological change during their lifetime. One is 16 , an increase in the size or efficiency of an organism. The other is aging, which involves a decrease in size or efficiency.浙00795#综合英语(二)试卷第2页（共11页）Signs of aging begin to 17 in most people between the age of 30 and40. Heredity determines most of the ways a person changes while aging, but environment also 18 . Graying hair is probably the most common sign of aging. All the senses decline with age. For example, the eyes lose their ability to adapt 19 darkness, and they require brighter light for reading.Movement becomes harder with age. By age 80, about half the muscle cells have been replaced by other kinds of tissue. In women 20 , bones lose calcium and become more likely to 21 . As a person ages, the body's ability to combat infection declines. This change occurs because the white blood cells of 22 is called the body's immune system lose their 23 function.Many people believe that with advancing age, an individual loses the ability to learn, remember, and make decisions. But 24 disease or injury damages the brain, a healthy elderly person who 25 active probably suffers no serious decline in 26 ability.No one completely understands the aging process. Some scientists 27 that human aging will ever be controlled. Others believe that aging can be 28 . Usually, normal human cells can be kept 29 in a laboratory for only a limited time. But 30 cells, such as various kinds of cancer cells, can live for a long time. If scientists can determine how such cells survive, they may gain an insight into the process of cell aging.16. A. to grow B. growth C. to be born D. birth17. A. take place B. get worse C. appear D. drop18. A. plays a role B. leads a way C. makes a decision D. offers a chance19. A. in B. with C. for D. to20. A. especially B. specially C. exceptionally D. specifically21. A. split B. hurt C. crack D. break22. A. which B. what C. that D. it23. A. protective B. productive C. selective D. detective24. A. till B. if C. besides D. unless25. A. extends B. expands C. remains D. maintains26. A. mental B. physical C. visual D. social27. A. suspect B. fear C. doubt D. regret28. A. suppressed B. mastered C. ignored D. conquered29. A. lively B. alive C. living D. life浙00795#综合英语(二)试卷第3页（共11页）30. A. inhuman B. irregular C. abnormal D. unusualⅢ. PARAPHRASINGChoose the closest paraphrased version after each of the following sentences or the italicized part. Write the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 10 points in all)31. Sometimes I think how grateful I would be today if I had learned more back then about what really matters.A. Sometimes I feel happy that I was taught what is important at school.B. Sometimes I feel sorry that I didn't learn what is important at school.C. At times I feel resentful that I was not taught anything useful at school.D. At times I feel I should be thankful for those things I learned at school.32. In the way they all glared I could see how they'd come to hate my guts.A. I could see from their angry look that they disliked me very much.B. I could see from their quick look that they were impatient with me.C. I could see from their steady look that they were very curious about me.D. I could see from their confused look that they were shocked at my words.33. Only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip back home to bring one back to reality.A. A trip back home can help one remember his / her heritage.B. A trip back home can help one understand what life really is abroad.C. A trip back home can make one realize that home is the best place.D. A trip back home can make one realize the difficulties and problems there.34. You painters are a heartless lot.A. You painters are people with no mercy.B. You painters are people with no emotions.C. You painters are people unable to love anybody.D. You painters are people unable to understand others.35. Seeing me having a good time in repose, she was powerless to hide her disgust.A....she was unable to keep calm.B.... she was hopeless in self control.浙00795#综合英语(二)试卷第4页（共11页）C.... she couldn't help feeling powerless.D....she couldn't suppress her disapproval.36. The small hours found Mr. Maydig and Mr. Fotheringay outside under the moon.A. Towards morning, Mr. Maydig and Mr. Fotheringay walked outside to stay in the moonlight.B. Before midnight, people found Mr. Maydig and Mr. Fotheringay looking at the moon outside.C. After midnight, Mr. Maydig and Mr. Fotheringay were outdoors, with the moon above them.D. Late at night, Mr. Maydig and Mr. Fotheringay went outside to appreciate the beautifulmoonlight.37. I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome.A. I never do anything which is not good for health,...B. Whatever is good for health never comes to my mind,...C. I never do anything because it is said to be good for health,...D. Whatever I do is always decided by whether it is good for health,...38. There is a great deal to be said for the suburb.A. The suburb is much talked about.B. The suburb has a considerable advantage.C. It is a great deal better to live in the suburb than in the city.D. It is a great deal easier to talk about the suburb than to live there.39. Meeting after a long interval, friends are like a couple who began to dance again when the orchestra strikes up after a pause.A....their friendship will continue where it is left off.B....their friendship will turn into a romantic relationship.C. ... friends behave in a way as if they were dancing partners.D. ... friends become closer to each other as if they were a happy couple.40. I decided to give her a treat.A. I decided to treat her kindly.B. I decided to give her a day off.C. I decided to offer her some medical care.D. I decided to buy her something she liked.浙00795#综合英语(二)试卷第5页（共11页）IV. READING COMPREHENSIONRead the two passages and choose the most likely answer to each of the questions. Write the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (2 points each, 20 points in all)Passage 1A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work. He may believe that he is not capable of accomplishing something even though there is no reason for it. A child may think he is stupid because he does not understand how to make use of the most of his mental abilities, or he may accept another person's mistaken estimate of his ability. People advanced in years may be handicapped by the mistaken belief that they are incapable of learning anything new because of their age.A person who believes that he is incapable will not make a real effort, because he feels that it would be futile. He won't go at a job (尽全力工作) with the confidence necessary for success, and he won't work hard, even though he may think he is doing so. He is, therefore, likely to fail, and the failure will strengthen his belief in his incompetence.Alfred Adler, a famous psychiatrist (精神病医生) , had an experience that illustrates this. When he was a small boy he got off to a poor start in arithmetic (算术) . His teacher got the idea that he had no ability in arithmetic, and told his parents what she thought so that they would not expect too much of him. In this way, they, too, developed the idea, "Isn't it too bad that Alfred can't do arithmetic?" He accepted their mistaken estimate of his ability, felt that it was useless to try, and ended up very poor at arithmetic, just as was expected.One day, however, he became very angry at the teacher and other students because they laughed when he said he knew how to do a problem, which none of the other students had been able to work out.Alfred succeeded in solving the problem. This gave him confidence. He rejected the idea that he couldn't do arithmetic and was determined to show others that he could. His anger and his newly found confidence stimulated him to be at arithmetic problems with a new vigor. He worked with interest, determination, and purpose. Before long he became extraordinarily good at arithmetic. He not only proved that he could do arithmetic, but he learned early in life from his own experience that if a person goes at a job with all his heart he may astonish himself as well as others with his ability.浙00795#综合英语(二)试卷第6页（共11页）This experience made him realize that many people have more ability than they think they have. Lack of success is as often the result of lack of knowledge of how to apply one's ability, lack of confidence, and lack of determination as it is the result of lack of ability.41. The word "futile" in Paragraph 2 probably means________.A. unnecessaryB. uselessC. unimportantD. aimless42. Both Alfred's teacher and his parents thought Alfred________.A. had no confidence in himselfB. was lazy in studyC. had no interest in arithmeticD. was slow in arithmetic43. Why did Alfred become angry one day?A. Because he couldn't work out the arithmetic problem.B. Because the teacher didn't show him the arithmetic problem.C. Because he was challenged to solve a difficult arithmetic problem.D. Because no one believed that he could solve the arithmetic problem.44. According to the passage, a person is likely to fail if________.A. he doesn't work hardB. he is too old to learn anythingC. he doesn't have enough knowledgeD. he has accepted a mistaken belief of his ability45. What does Alfred Adler's story tell us?A. Our failures are often caused by our lack of ability.B. Arithmetic is actually not as hard as it seems to be.C. Some teachers expect too much from their students.D. Our self-judgement may have a negative effect on our success.Passage 2When the French Institute in Haiti (海地) asked me to speak on a subject of my own choice, I picked heroism. It's a subject I know well. I've read many books about it.I spoke of some well-known heroes. I suggested that I was something of a hero myself. Then I told how the hero, in the face of danger, discovers all the great, lasting values of life.When I left the platform, a gentleman came to me. "Great lecture," he said. "I'm Doctor浙00795#综合英语(二)试卷第7页（共11页）Bonbon. I've been asked to make your stay here as pleasant as possible. Would you like to go hunting sharks with me? You seem to enjoy facin danger."I accepted gladly. I saw myself struggling with a huge fish on my rod ...I was to speak again the next afternoon. So we agreed to start early in the morning."By the way," the doctor said as we set out, "you should try out your coucteau.”"My... what？""Your snorkel (潜水呼吸管) . You need to breathe. I'll show you how to work the underwater gun too. What's the matter? Something wrong?"I had to sit down. I tried to tell myself it wasn't so. But there was no doubt about it. I wasn't to fish with a rod. I was to go right down into the water. I opened my mouth to protest ..."You know," the doctor said, "I can't tell you how much we all enjoyed your lecture on courage."I said nothing. There are times when you have to protect your means of earning a living. I was known as a good speaker. If I had to be eaten by sharks to keep my reputation, I was ready. I put on my mask."Now put on the lead belt. It will get you down there instantly," the doctor said. "They'll go down with you." He pointed to the four big men on board.Bodyguards, I thought with relief."They're the beaters (轰赶猎物的人) ," the doctor said. "They'll go ahead and drive the sharks toward you. Then all you have to do is shoot." I didn't have the courage to object. They helped me over the side.At the bottom the first thing I saw was a big fish. I screamed.I can't quite remember what followed. All I know is that, contrary to what I had said in my lecture, in the face of danger the hero does not discover the great values of life. At last I opened my eyes again. The big fish was gone.I tried to retum to the surface. Then I saw a huge form above my head. I seized my gun. I closed my eyes and pressed the trigger.The gun was torn from me.In seconds I was at the surface. Luckily, the boat was near. I was on board in an instant."Where's your gun?" asked the doctor.浙00795#综合英语(二)试卷第8页（共11页）I explained that I had hit a shark. The beast had torn the weapon from my hands.The four big men were climbing back into the boat now. One of them had my gun. He spoke to the doctor in his native language."It seems," the doctor said to me, "that you shot at the hull of the boat."He was trying to suggest that I had mistaken the boat passing over my head for a shark. The very idea!When I stepped to the platform that afternoon, Doctor Bonbon was sitting in the front row. But I didn't let his mocking stare disturb me. I was determined to rise once more to the level of my subject."Ladies and gentlemen," I began, "when the hero finds himself facing danger, the first thing he discovers ..."46. When he was told that he was to go down into the water, the writer had to sit down probably because ________ .A. he could not control his shaking legsB. he wanted to have a better look at the waterC. he wanted to get ready for the underwater adventureD. he could not help asking Doctor Bonbon some questions47. What happened under the water?A. He shot at a shark.B. He shot at the boat.C. He was attacked by a shark.D. His gun was torn away by a shark.48. In the sentence "But I didn't let his mocking stare disturb me." the word "mocking" could be replaced by ________ .A. amusingB. sneeringC. concerningD. encouraging49. The afternoon speech probably opened in this way, "When the hero finds himself facing danger, the first thing he discovers ________ ."A. is his true selfB. is the life valueC. is his wrong concept of heroismD. is the challenge from other people浙00795#综合英语(二)试卷第9页（共11页）50. The story was told in the tone of ________ .A. seriousnessB. admirationC. humourD. criticismV. WORD DERIV ATIONComplete each of the following sentences with a (compound) word derived from the one(s) given in brackets. Write your word on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 10 points in all) 51. The young speaker smiled to the audience ________ as he walked into the lecture hall. (humble)52. When I replied that I did not have any aptitude for salesmanship, she turned her eyes away from me, greatly ________ . (disappoint)53. After they had worked a few miracles, their imagination increased, and their ambition________ . (large)54. My mother believed that I was blessed with a rare ________ to make something of myself. (determine)55. Alex was almost ________ with anger and despair when our team lost the game. (speech)56. The local government gained ________ control of the area after the UN peace-keeping forces left. (effect)57. What caused the ________ of the first world war? (break, out)58. Some newspapers often fail to respect pop icons' right to ________ . (private)59. The homeless child was once treated as a ________ by the owner of a restaurant in the town. (beg)60. The airport control tower kept postponing the ________ of our plane, which annoyed us greatly. (depart)VI. SENTENCE TRANSLATIONTranslate the following sentences into English and write your sentenceson the answer sheet. (3 points each, 15 points in all)6 1．我的计算机肯定有问题了，今天我得请人把它修好。

2011年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷及答案（课程代码：00015）I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。

1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork.A.persuadeB.pursueC. persistD.proceed答案：B解析：学生在追求兴趣的同时也要兼顾学业。

2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions.A. obligationB.evidenceC.transactionD.motivation答案：A解析：犯罪嫌疑人一方没有回答问题的义务。

3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag.A.to B .for C.on D.at答案：C解析：blame on归责于4.We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media.A.requestB.requireC.inquireD.acquire答案：D解析：D项意为“获取”5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had been telling the truth all along.A.I realizedB.did I realizeC.I did realizeD.realized I答案：B解析：Not until引起的倒装句。

6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer.A.appreciateB.admireC.enjoyD.like答案：A解析：我目前不需要帮忙，但感谢你提出来。

2011年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题课程代码:00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. The development of English vocabulary can be divided into the following particular historical period EXCEPT ______. ( C )2.2-25A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. New EnglishD. Modern English2. The definition of a word comprises the following points ______ . ( D )1.1-7(1) a minimal free form of a language(2) a sound unity(3) a unit of meaning(4) a form that can function alone in a sentenceA. (1) and (2)B. (1) (2) and (3)C. (2) (3) and (4)D. (1) (2) (3) and (4)3. Words of the basic word stock can each be used alone, and at the same time can form new words with other roots and affixes, e.g. foot is the father of football, footage and footprint. This demonstrates that one ofthe characteristics of the words of the basic stock is ______ .( A )1.5.1-12A. productivityB. polysemyC. stabilityD. collocability4. The Indo-European language family is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and ______ . ( A )2.1-23A. IndiaB. the Far EastC. the West AsiaD. America5. In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient Greek and ______ classics. This is known in history as the Renaissance. ( C )2.2.3-28A. IndiaB. GermanC. RomanD. Chinese6. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( B )2.2-33-34A. Old English was a highly inflected language.B. In early Middle English period, English, Latin and Celtic existed side by side.C. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of modern English period.D. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is creation of new words by means of word-formation.7. The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is______.( A )3.1-38A. morphemeB. affixesC. rootD. stem8. There is/are ______ monomorphemic word(s) in the following words: hot, dog, feet, matches.( B )3.2-38A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 49. The plural morpheme "-s" is pronounced as/s/in the following words EXCEPT ______.( B )3.2-38A. packsB. bagsC. cheatsD. ships10. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English vocabulary are produced through ______ .( A )4-45A. affixationB. clippingC. compoundingD. shortening11. The formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class is called ______. ( D )4.3-56A. prefixationB. suffixationC. acronymyD. conversion12. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called ______. ( A )4.7-67A. back-formationB. clippingC. blendingD. suffixation13. ______ accounts for the connection between the linguistic symboland its meaning. ( B )5.2-83A. SenseB. MotivationC. ConceptD. Reference14. By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word is related to its origin.( D )5.2.4-85A. onomatopoeicB. morphologicalC. semanticD. etymological15. In English there are ______ types of motivation that concerns the relationship between the sign and meaning. ( C )5.2-83A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 516. What is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages?( D )6.1-95A. Suffixation.B. Variation.C. Allomorph.D. Polysemy.17. Red, scarlet, mauve, violet, lavender, pansy, black, purple, etc, make up the ______ field of ‘colours’. ( B )6.6-120A. stylisticB. semanticC. ellipticD. syntactic18. What is applicable to contradictory terms of some antonyms may NOT be applicable to their ______ terms? ( C )6.4.1-114A. connotativeB. collocativeC. relativeD. negative19. When a common word is turned into a proper noun, the meaning is______ accordingly.( B )7.1.2-137-138A. relatedB. narrowedC. createdD. suggested20. Which of the following words was used during the American Civil War to refer to those northerners who were secretly aiding the South? ( D )7.2.1-143A. Rattlesnake.B. Villain.C. Informer.D. Copperhead.21. People change word-meaning owing to various ______ motives: love, respect, courtesy, suspicion, pessimism, sarcasm, irony, contempt, hatred, etc. ( A ) 7.2.1-143A. psychologicalB. socialC. communicativeD. lexical22. In a narrow sense, context refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears and is known as ______ context. ( B )8.1-149A. non-linguisticB. linguisticC. grammaticalD. lexical23. Which of the following is one of the main functions of verbal context? ( D ) 8.2-154A. Elimination of ambiguity.B. Indication for referents.C. Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.D. All the above.24. Which of the following is NOT true about extra-linguistic context? ( A )8.1-149A. It can be subdivided into grammatical context and non-linguistic context.B. It refers to physical situation or environment relating to the use of words.C. It embraces the people, time and place.D. It may extend to embrace the entire cultural background.25. The idiom "fall into good hands" is a ______ as far as figures of speech are concerned.( A )9.3.2-175A. synecdocheB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification26. "Flesh and blood" is an idiom ______ in nature. ( B )9.2.1-166A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial27. The change of idiom "velvet paws" from the original form is______.( D )9.3.3-177A. replacementB. position-shiftingC. additionD. shortening28. American dictionaries generally use ______ to mark the pronunciation. ( D )10.2.2-192A. British Phonetic AlphabetB. American Phonetic AlphabetC. International Phonetic AlphabetD. Webster's Phonetic Alphabet29. Which of the following dictionaries is NOT a specialized dictionary? ( B )10.1.4-188A. The Oxford Dictionary of English EtymologyB. Chamber's Encyclopaedic English DictionaryC. Longman Dictionary of Phrasal VerbsD. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms30. Usage notes of the dictionary explain ______. ( D )10.2.2-193A. the slight difference between words of similar meaningsB. difficult points of grammar and styleC. important British and American differencesD. all the aboveII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (15 % )31. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over one __million_______ words.1.4-1032. At the end of 6th century, Latin-speaking missionaries under St. Augustine came to spread Christianity in Britain. It brought many new ideas and customs and also many __religious_______ terms such as abbot, candle, altar, etc.2.2.1-2533. The forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function are __affixes_______.3.3.2-4034. The process of changing the word "possible" into "impossible" is called ___prefixation______.4.1-4635. The synonymous pair "die —pass away" has the same __concept_______ but different stylistic values.5.1.2-8336. Semantically, all __words_______ are related in one way or another.6-9537. Fortuitous formerly denoted 'happening by chance', 'accidental' and later took on the meaning 'fortunate' probably by __analogy_______ because the two words look similar.7.2.2-14538. The sentence "He is a hard businessman" is ambiguous due to___polysemy______.8.2.1-15539. The characteristic of idioms —__semantic_______ unity can be reflected by the understanding of such idiom as "rain cats and dogs".9.1.1-16340. Definition, extra column and usage __examples_______ are the unique features of Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary(1987).10.3.2-199III. Define the following terms. (15%)41. jargon 1.5.1-13答案：Jargon refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves.42. derivational affix 3.3.2-41答案：Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. Derivational affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes.43. grammatical meaning5.3.1-86答案：Grammatical meanings refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships such as part of speech of words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs), singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional forms (forget, forgets, forgot, forgotten, forgetting ).44. associated transfer 7.1.4-140答案：A term used in relation to changes in word in which the meaning is transferred through association.45. variations of idioms 9.3.3-176答案：When idioms are used in actual context, they do experience grammatical changes such as different forms of verbs, agreement of personal pronouns and number and so on. Occasionally, we may find changes in constituents of idioms: addition, deletion, replacement,position-shifting, dismembering, etc.IV. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )46. leorn→ian→lern→en→learnAbove is the change of "learn" from Old English through Middle English to Modern English.What can you conclude from the viewpoint of the development of English vocabulary?2.2.3-29答案：In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions. It can be concluded that English has evolved from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present analytic language.47. Both initialisms and acronyms are formed to a certain extent from initial letters. Is there any difference between them? Illustrate your point with examples.4.6-65答案：Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms,depending on the pronunciation of the words. Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter. Such as OA,BBC,TV. British Broadcasting Corporation, Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word, for example AIDS(acquired immune deficiency syndrome), TERL(teaching English as a foreign language),N-bomb(nuclear bomb), G-man(Government man).48. What is the appropriate antonym for acute in the following statement?6.4.2-114She got an acute pain in her back.答案：The appropriate antonym for acute in “She got an acute pain in her back” is dull.49. What are contextual clues?Guess the meaning of the word underlined in the following sentence and tell what contextual clues have helped you in arriving at the meaning.8.2.3-157(a) Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor B irdwhistell.(b) It's just one more incredible result of the development of microprocessors — those tiny parts of a computer commonly known as "silicon chips".答案：Context may prove extremely valuable in guessing the meanings of new words. In many cases, when a new word (thought to be) appears for the first time, the author generally manages to give hints which might help the readers to grasp the concept or understand the idea.(a) Definition . the study of body movement(b) Explanation . the tiny parts of a computer commonly known as “silicon chips”V. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )50. Comment on the following groups to illustrate the difference between partial and full conversion.Group 1: "white — a white, final — finals"Group 2: "rich — the rich, wounded — the wounded" 4.3-58答案：It is not unusual to have nouns converted from adjectives. Unlike verbs, not all adjectives which are converted can achieve a full noun status. Some are completely converted，thus known as full conversion, others are only partially converted, hence partial conversion.Group 1: A noun fully converted from an adjective has all the characteristics of nouns. It can take an indefinite article or -(e) sto indicate singular or plural number. "white —a white, final —finals" arecommon adjectives.Group 2: Nouns partially converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does. They must be used together with definite articles. What's more, they retain some of the adjective features, for example, the poor, the rich , the youngs the -wounded, the poorer, the more affluent , the most corrupt . the young = young people, the wounded = wounded soldiers.51. Analyze and comment on the meanings of the following sentences and then find out the right antonyms for each fast respectively.[A] My god, look, this clock is one hour fast, as if we were at Tokyo.[B] The colors aren't fast, so be careful when you wash this shirt.[C] The delegation paid a fast visit to the United Kingdom last month.6.4.2-114答案：A word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym.Sentence [A] means the clock is one hour ahead of the local time, and the right antonym of fast is slow.Sentence [B] means the colors are resistant to destruction of fading, and the right antonym of ward fast is loose.Sentence [C] means the visit was accomplished in relatively little time, and the right antonym of fast is long.。

2011年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试课程与教学论试题一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.提出“教育主要是为了成人生活，而非为了儿童生活。

教育的基本责任是在准备50年的成人生活，而不是为了20年的童年及青年生活。

”的教育家是( )A.博比特B.泰勒C.查特斯D.哈普罗2.被誉为“现代课程理论圣经”的课程著作是( )A.《儿童与课程》B.《怎样编制课程》C.《课程与教学的基本原理》D.《课程》3.实践性课程开发理论的代表人物是( )A.布鲁纳B.麦克尼尔C.施瓦布D.派纳4.标志着理论化、系统化的教学论确立的教育著作是( )A.《教学的艺术》B.《大教学论》C.《实验教学论》D.《教育学讲授纲要》5.第一次提出“教育教学的心理学化”思想的教育家是( )A.福禄贝尔B.奥苏贝尔C.斯金纳D.裴斯泰洛齐6.“发展性教学论”、“发现教学论”、“范例教学论”这三大新教学论流派的共同理论基础是( )A.认知理论B.建构主义理论C.情感理论D.行为主义理论7.学习根据类别对各种事物作出反应，学习对事物分门别类的一种能力，这种学习属于( ) A.辨别学习 B.问题解决学习C.规则学习D.概念学习8.学生已经掌握了“三角形”的概念和面积计算公式，然后学习“等腰三角形”的概念与面积计算，这种学习类型是( )A.上位学习B.下位学习C.概念学习D.并列结合学习9.课程与教学目标的“普遍性目标”取向的特点是( )A.普遍性、规范性、模糊性B.学术性、专门性、规范性C.学术性、普遍性、基本性D.基本性、专门性、理解性10.布鲁姆等人的教育目标分类学的取向属于( )A.表现性目标取向B.普遍性目标取向C.行为目标取向D.生成性目标取向11.在学校课程与社会生活的关系问题上，认为“教育与社会是互动的、有机统一的，学校课程不仅适应着社会生活，而且还不断改造着社会生活”，这种观点是( )A.被动适应论B.主动适应论C.调和论D.超越论12.苏格拉底的“精神助产术”在教学方法类型上属于( )A.提示型B.复合型C.自主型D.共同解决问题型13.赫尔巴特提出的关于教学的四个“形式阶段”包括明了、联合、系统和( )A.复习B.训练C.探究D.方法14.罗杰斯“非指导性教学”相应的学习观是( )A.有意义发现学习B.有意义接受学习C.有意义经验学习D.有意义机械学习15.课程与教学目标的“生成性目标”取向追求的是( )A.普遍主义B.实践理性C.唯科学主义D.解放理性16.课程的水平组织的基本标准是( )A.顺序性B.整合性C.连续性D.逻辑性17.经验自然主义的经验课程的终极目的是( )A.使人成为“自然人”B.个人经验与社会整体的持续生长C.使人之个性完全获得自由与独立，使人获得解放，使社会日臻公正D.使人获得全面发展18.克伯屈“设计教学法”中，“设计”的核心是( )A.个体已有的经验B.做中学C.自愿的活动D.交互作用19.20世纪倡导社会本位综合课程的典型课程哲学是( )A.实用主义B.自然主义C.人本主义D.改造主义20.提出“附带学习”概念的学者是( )A.杜威B.克伯屈C.杰克逊D.阿普尔21.“隐性课程是学校暗默地、高效地灌输给学生的‘被合法化了的’文化、价值和规范，它是发挥着‘霸权’功能的日常意义体系”。

2011 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东 A 卷） 英Ⅰ. 语言知识及应用(共两节。

满分 35 分) 第一节 完形填空(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)语阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 1~15 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选 项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥。

It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes, The 1 has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their 2 situation that has designed for the 3 children.聞創沟intellectual (智力的) growth by燴鐺險爱氇。

There can be little doubt that4classes can help the gifted children to graduate 5 out of the regularearlier and take their place in life sooner. However, to take these classes may create serious problems.残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆。

I observed a number of in a relying 7 8 6children who were taken out of a special class and placedclass. In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, on their teachers’ directions. In the regular class, having no wo rry about ke（） 9 on many problems, some of which were not on the schooleping up, they began to reflect program.酽锕极額閉镇桧猪。

2000年4月全国英语英语翻译试卷、答案1. In the years that followed, Bill learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words.B.在往后的几年里，比尔就这样学着拼写，虽然不理解意思，却也学会了拼写许多单词。

2. It is undoubtedly true that poverty is still a problem in this country, as it is in many other developing and even developed economies.D.毫无疑问，这个国家同其它许多发展中国家乃至发达国家一样，仍然存在着贫困问题。

3. 破镜虽已粘补，但既不美观，又不牢固。

A. A mirror that has been glued back together has an unsightly flaw and breaks again easily.4. 为了发展初等教育，根据我国宪法和实际，特制订本法律。

A. This law has been drawn up on the basis of the Constitution and the reality in our country in order to develop primary education.5. 不搞改革，不坚持开放政策，我们确定的战略目标就不能实现。

C. We can not achieve our strategic goals unless we carry out reforms and adhere to the opening-up policy.6.就英汉两种语言的区别而言，下列选项中不正确的一项是_____________。

C.英语定语位置较固定，汉语定语位置较灵活7.就法律英语的特点而言，下列选项中不正确的一项是_____________。

全国2011年4月自学考试综合英语(二)试题(总分100, 做题时间150分钟)课程代码：00795I. GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYComplete each of the following 15 sentences with the most likely answer. Write the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 15 points in all)1.The idea of traveling through _________ space to other planets interests many people today.SSS_SINGLE_SELA aB theC /D one该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C[解析] 本题考查冠词的用法。

space表示宇宙空间时，前面不加冠词。

2.I'd get the book for you _________ I could remember who last borrowed it.SSS_SINGLE_SELA only ifB if onlyC except thatD in case that该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B[解析] 本题考查短语辨析。

if only要是……就好了；only if只要，只有；except that除……之外；in ease that如果。

根据句意可知，B项符合题意。

3.We had to get him to the hospital right away. Otherwise, it _________ too late.SSS_SINGLE_SELA isB will beC wasD would be该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D[解析] 本题考查虚拟语气的用法。

山东省2011年4月高等教育自学考试英语（二）试题（课程代码：00015 考试时间：150分钟）注意事项：答案必须写在答题卡规定的区域内，未按要求在作答的答案无效。

PART ONE (50 POINTS)I. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将答题卡的相应代码涂黑。

错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。

1. It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future.A. asB. whichC. whetherD. that2. Don’t worry if you don’t understand everything. The teacher will ___ the main points at t he end.A. recoverB. reviewC. requireD. remember3. _______by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A. Being encouragedB. EncouragingC. EncouragedD. Having encouraged4. The art show was______ being a failure；it was a great success.A. far fromB. along withC. next toD. regardless of5. Ricky caught a cold yesterday, ________ he had to stay at home.A. becauseB. butC. orD. so6. ________, the pay isn't attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting.A. Generally speakingB. On the contraryC. In particularD. To be honest7. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _____ in many schools around the world.A. teachesB. is teachingC. has taughtD. is taught8. Amy makes fewer mistakes than Frank. She does her homework______.A. more carefullyB. more carelesslyC. more carefulD. more careless9. I don't know ____ yesterdayA. what he happenedB. what did he happenC. what happened to himD. what has happened10. My brother told me ______ you anything.A. not to bringB. to not bringC. didn’t bringD. won’t bringII. Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item)下面短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。

2011年专业英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. DICTATION 2. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 3. CLOZE 4. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY 5. READING COMPREHENSION 6. WRITINGPART I DICTATION (15 MIN)Directions: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minute 听力原文：British Holidaying Habits In the late 1970s, air travel became affordable/ for the average family in the UK, /and more people started travelling abroad for their summer holidays. / After all, the British weather wasn’t very good, even in summer,/ so a lot of people left the country for a vacation. / In the 1980s and 1990s, young people in the UK became wealthier on average. / As a result, they started to go abroad in groups,/ to places such as Spain and Greece. / Once they arrived at their destination/, they met with other groups of young people and had one long party. / British holidaying habits have begun to change, However. / Climate change means that the UK now has a hotter climate,/ so people do not need to go overseas to find good weather. /Also, going abroad is more expensive. / As a result, more British people are choosing to spend their summer holidays in the UK. / 1．正确答案：British Holidaying Habits In the late 1970s, air travel became affordable/ for the average family in the UK, /and more people started travelling abroad for their summer holidays. / After all, the British weather wasn’t very good, even in summer,/ so a lot of people left the country for a vacation. / In the 1980s and 1990s, young people in the UK became wealthier on average. / As a result, they started to go abroad in groups,/ to places such as Spain and Greece. / Once they arrived at their destination/, they met with other groups of young people and had one long party. / British holidaying habits have begun to change, However. / Climate change means that the UK now has a hotter climate,/ so people do not need to go overseas to find good weather. /Also, going abroad is more expensive. / As a result, more British people are choosing to spend their summer holidays in the UK. / 解析：本文主题：英国人的度假习惯在这几十年里的改变及其原因。

2011年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试公务员制度试卷(课程代码01848)一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分)1.我国《公务员法》施行于（D）A.1993年4月24日B.1993年10月1日C.2005年4月27日D.2006年1月1日2.下列选项中，属于公务员的是（B）A.教育部直属高校校长B.公安派出所所长C.城市社区居委会主任D.作家协会副主席3.参与赌博违反了公务员的（D）A.政治纪律B.工作纪律C.组织纪律D.道德纪律4.公务员行使公务员的批评建议权的对象是（B）A.企业的工作B.机关的工作C.事业单位的工作D.社会组织的工作5.政府部门中直接履行监管、处罚、强制、稽查等现场执法职责的职位属于（B）A.专业技术类职位B.行政执法类职位C.综合管理类职位D.其他类别职位6.笔试的缺点是（D）A.经济性B.客观性C.广博性D.不易考察应试者的实际工作能力7.我国录用公务员的最低年龄是（ A ）A.年满18周岁B.年满19周岁C.年满20周岁D.年满21周岁8.职位分类的典型代表国家是（A）A.英国B.中国C.美国D.德国9.下列选项中，不属于．．．录用公务员必须具备的资格条件是（D）A.中华人民共和国国籍B.具有正常履行职责的身体条件C.具有良好的品行D.具有MPA专业学位10.下列选项中，不通知．．．公务员本人考核结果的国家是（D）A.美国B.英国C.法国D.日本11.符合思想政治素质较高、工作能力较强、工作作风较好、能够完成本职工作、廉洁自律标准的考核等次是（ B ）A.优秀B.称职C.基本称职D.不称职12.负责组织、指导、协调本部门各单位考核工作的是（C）A.被考核公务员B.主管领导C.考核委员会D.机关负责人13.下列选项中，可以实行聘任制的职位是（D）A.省长B.司长C.县委书记D.软件设计师14.下列选项中，对公务员降职不正确．．．的陈述是（C）A.引起降职的原因有部分是客观上造成的B.降职与处分有明显的区别C.降职是一种处分D.降职有利于公务员能上能下15.下列选项中，属于单纯性免职的是（C）A.晋升职务的B.转任职位的C.退休的D.降低职务的16.在公务员奖励中，记二等功的授奖主体是（D）A.乡级政府B.县级政府C.市(地)级政府工作部门D.省级政府工作部门17.下列选项中，属于公务员处分种类的是（D）A.免职B.辞退C.批评D.警告l8.“不得向被举报人透露举报情况”属于行政机关公务员应该遵守的（B）A.政治纪律B.工作纪律C.廉政纪律D.道德纪律19.下列选项中，公务员培训情况、学习成绩不作为．．．（D）A.考核内容的依据B.任职的依据C.晋升的依据D.降职的依据20.任职培训的对象是（A）A.拟晋升领导职务的公务员B.新录用的公务员C.挂职锻炼的公务员D.从事某项专门业务的公务员21.省农业厅某副处长不服免职决定而提起申诉，受理机关为（D）A.所在地法院B.省纪委C.省监察机关D.省公务员主管机关22.行政监察机关有权受理的公务员申诉事项是（B）A.降职B.撤职C.辞退D.免职23.根据我国公务员法的规定，公务员交流的形式有（A）A.调任、转任、挂职锻炼B.调动、调任、挂职锻炼C.调任、转任、轮换、挂职锻炼D.调任、升任、轮换、挂职锻炼24.某公立中学的副校长交流到所在区的教育局任副科长，这属于（A）A.调任B.转任C.轮换D.挂职锻炼25.对因公致残及因公牺牲、因公死亡或病故后公务员给予的抚恤金等待遇属于（A）A.福利B.保险C.工资D.奖励26.我国公务员基本工资包括（A）A.职务工资和级别工资B.奖励工资和工龄工资C.奖励工资和职务工资D.工龄工资和级别工资27.对公务员在苦、脏、累、险岗位上工作给予的补助费用属于（C）A.奖金B.补贴C.岗位津贴D.地区津贴28.领导成员公务员辞去公职提出书面申请后需要审批的时间是（C）A.30日B.60日C.90日D.120日29.下列选项中，关于退休公务员缴纳其退休金个人所得税的正确表述是（D）A.与在职人员一样缴纳B.按10％的比例缴纳C.按20％的比例缴纳D.不用缴纳30.公务员李某连续旷工20天，按规定应该被（C）A.免职B.降职C.辞退D.开除二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)31.公务员申诉的事由有（ABDE）A.申请辞职未予批准B.辞退C.定期考核为基本称职D.免职E.取消福利待遇32.下列选项中，不得．．录用为公务员的人员是（ABC）A.曾因犯罪受过刑事处罚的B.曾被开除公职的C.患有各种恶性肿瘤的D.没有基层工作经历的大学专科毕业生E.没有基层工作经历的大学本科毕业生33.职务任免与升降在公务员管理中的意义是（ABCDE）A.保证机关中各个职位获得适宜人选的主要途径B.一种有效的激励手段C.为公务员管理的其他环节提供了管理基础D.实现职务管理的保证E.实现公务员管理制度化的重要措施34.我国公务员津贴的主要类型有（AB ）A.地区津贴B.岗位津贴C.级别津贴D.医疗津贴E.工龄津贴35.公务员因工作严重失误辞去领导职务的类型有（DE ）A.因公辞职B.因病辞职C.自愿辞职D.引咎辞职E.责令辞职三、简答题(本大题共4小题，每小题6分，共24分)36.简述我国公务员制度中“党管干部”原则的主要内涵。

2011年6月四级英语真题Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1．现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2．网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3．我的建议Online Shopping注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with theinformation given in the passage.British Cuisine: the Best of Old and NewBritish cuisine (烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs (厨师) combine the best of old and new.Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say."The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chefs such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston BlumenthaPs molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish."It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says.There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation's cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the War, much of Britain's food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations (配给)."As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary (烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurants are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes."Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restaurants are modifying the recipes (菜谱) of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while others areusing better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditions and tastes.Tamlyn is in the second camp. "We select our food very particularly. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards (牛奶蛋糊)we use Bird's Custard Powder," Tamlyn says. "Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that."Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. "There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples (主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged."These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance (原产地)."Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats."However, the British don't have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients."We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK," Tamlyn explains. "But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples."The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of "British cuisine", while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is available in the local markets."We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn't perhaps associate as British, but are presented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish."Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Britishness of their cuisine.At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and "mixing it up" is not something commonly done in Britain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dishes to the table and offer individual plates for each diner. "That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like," Hill says.This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries (烤肉馆),Tamlyn says. "Some tables will arrive on a Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them."Some British traditions are too sacred (神圣的)to mess with, however, Tomes says. "I'd never change a full English breakfast."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

全国2011年4月高等教育自学考试综合英语（一）试题课程代码：00794请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I．用适当语法形式或词汇填空。

从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将其代码填写在答题纸上。

(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)1. The general manager had his secretary ______ a joint conference yesterday.A. arrangeB. arrangingC. to arrangeD. arranged2. His brother doesn’t want ______ he’s going away from home.A. to be known thatB. it that to be knownC. it to be known thatD. that it to be known3. I didn’t know Jennie’s telephone number; otherwise I ______ her.A. had telephonedB. would have telephonedC. telephonedD. would telephone4. The question ______ tomorrow is whether this highway should be built.A. debatedB. to debateC. debatingD. to be debated5. Until then, Peter ______ from his family for more than six months.A. didn’t hearB. hadn’t heardC. hasn’t heardD. doesn’t hear6. So much ______ about her future job that she can’t sleep at night.A. she worriesB. that she worriesC. as does she worryD. does she worry7. He resented ______ the discussion that directly concerned his future.A. to be excluded fromB. to exclude fromC. being excluded fromD. excluding from8. ______ last week that they finished their report on the project.A. UntilB. It was untilC. Not untilD. It was not until9. Mary’s parents ______ to the movies without doing her homework.A. objected to her goingB. objected her to goC. were objected to her goingD. were objected her to go10. It is recommended that the project ______ until all the preparations have been made.A. will not be startedB. is not startedC. not be startedD. not to be started11. It’s difficult to tell the twins ______ because they look exactly the same.A. apartB. alikeC. asideD. across12. The quality of life had improved ______ and there was a marked change in life style.A. consideratelyB. considerablyC. desperatelyD. essentially13. That Christmas Eve, he was too excited to sleep, and just pretended to, hoping to catch a ______ of Father Christmas.A. sightB. glimmerC. glimpseD. glare14. She turned down the invitation to the party as she had a(n) ______ at the office with a new client.A. appointmentB. arrangementC. assignmentD. promise15. Something in her had changed and this kept me from recognizing her ______ first glance.A. throughB. atC. withD. in16. This woman devotes herself ______ experimenting with new ways of teaching retarded children.A. toB. atC. intoD. over17. When she heard that her husband was killed in a gas explosion, she ______ tears.A. broke outB. ran intoC. burst intoD. came with18. For your safety and the safety of others, always ______ the traffic signals.A. take care ofB. pay attention toC. be aware ofD. look out19. The village head was criticized because he did not ______ immediate action to put the bird-flu under control.A. findB. produceC. takeD. use20. Resentment against your work seems to ______ from the fact that people don’t understand it.A. riseB. raiseC. arouseD. ariseII．认真阅读下面两篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题。