2018高考新课标全国1卷(含答案)精校版

2018年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ卷）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AWashington,D.C.Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Duration TourThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington,D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability—the cherry blossoms—disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration:3hours(4miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington,D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike,helmet,cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour In Washington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorning or Afternoon,this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington,D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most,interesting stories about Presidents,Congress,memorials,and fortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration:3hours(7miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as your bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike,helmet,and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21.Which tour do you need to book in advance?A.Cherry Blossom like Tour in Washington,D.C.B.Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A.Meet famous people.B.Go to a national park.C.Visit well-known museums.D.Enjoy interesting stories.23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A.City maps.B.Cameras.C.MealsD.Safety lightsBGood Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under£5per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.“We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,”she explains.“I pay£5for a portion(一份),but Matt makes them for26p a portion,because they are flour, water,sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food,but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series(系列节自),Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money:Good Health,which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24.What do we know about Susanna Reid?A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning.D.She has had a light budget for her family.25.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her kids.C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.26.What does the author intend to do in paragraph4?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.27.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our Daily DietC.Making yourself a Perfect ChefD.Cooking Well for LessCLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that10,000years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centres,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education.Especially glbalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English.Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present,the world has about6,800languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages.Often spoken by many people while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around200Languages:the Americas about1,000.Africa2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over800.The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere6.000,which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over400of the total of6,800languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150).Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28.What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patters.D.They were closely connected29.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph2？plex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modem.30.How many languages are spoken by less than6,000people at present?A.About6,800.B.About3,400.C.About2,400.D.About1,200.31.What is the min idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languagesC.Human development results in fewer languagesD.Geography determines language evolution.DWe may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置)well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early1990s.Devices were grouped by generation—Desktop computers,basic mobile phones,and box-set TVs defined1992.Digital cameras arrived on thescene in1997.And MP3players,smart phones,and LCD TVs entered homes in2002,before tablets and e-readers showed up in2007.As we accumulated more devices,however,we didn’t throw out our old ones.“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’room,and suddenly one day,you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher.The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992to13in2007.We’re not just keeping these old devices—we continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team,old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the1992to2007window.So what’s the solution（解决方案）?The team’s data only went up to2007,but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing.They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.33.Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV.B.The tablet.C.The LCD TV.D.The desktop computer.35.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them.B.Take them apart.C.Upgrade them.D.Recycle them.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room.A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in.Do you want a room that’s full of life?Professional?Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?36, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years,there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.37,they can get a little complex.But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home:the small ones,the medium ones,and the large ones.38.They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms.Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas,dinner tables or bookshelves 39.They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones,and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls,ceilings,and floors.Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put into it are significant.40.A.While all of them are usefulB.Whatever you’re looking forC.If you’re experimenting with a colorD.Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar withE.It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF.So it pays to be sure,because you want to get it right the first timeG.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国Ⅰ卷）文综历史试题（晋冀鲁豫湘鄂赣徽闽粤10省使用）本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

满分100分。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题共48分）本卷共12小题，每小题4分，共48分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个项是最符合题目要求的。

24.《墨子》中有关于“圆”“直线”“正方形”“倍”的定义，对杠杆原理、声音传播、小孔成像等也有论述，还有机械制造方面的记载。

这反映出，《墨子》A.汇集了诸子百家的思想精华B.形成了完整的科学体系C.包含了劳动人民智慧的结晶D.体现了贵族阶层的旨趣25.据学者研究，唐朝“安史之乱”后百余年间的藩镇基本情况如表2所示。

表2 “安史之乱”后百余年间唐朝藩镇基本情况表藩镇类型数量（个）官员任免赋税供纳兵额与功能河朔型7 藩镇自擅不上供拥重兵以自立中原型8 朝廷任命少上供驻重兵防骄藩边疆型17 朝廷任命少上供驻重兵守边疆东南型9 朝廷任命上供驻兵少防盗贼由此可知，这一时期的藩镇A.控制了朝廷财政收入B.彼此之间攻伐不已C.注重维护中央的权威D.延续了唐朝的统治26.北宋前中期，在今四川井研县一带山谷中，密布着成百上千个采用新制盐技术的竹篱井，井主所雇工匠大多来自“他州别县”，以“佣身赁力”为主，受雇期间，若对工作条件或待遇不满意，辄另谋高就。

这反映出当时A.民营手工业得到发展B.手工业者社会地位高C.雇佣劳动已经普及D.盐业专卖制度解体27.图6中的动物是郑和下西洋时外国使臣随船向明政府贡献的奇珍异兽，明朝君臣认为，这就是中国传说的“麒麟”，明成祖遂赐外国使臣。

这表明当时A.对外交流促使中国传统绘画出现新的类型B.朝廷用中国文化对朝贡贸易贡品加以解读C.海禁政策的解除促进了对外文化交流D.外来物品的传入推动了传统观念更新28.甲午战争期间，日本制定舆论宣传策略，把中国和日本分别包装成野蛮与文明的代表，并运用公关手段让欧美舆论倒向日方。

2018年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ）第一部分听力（共两节）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上．录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上．第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话．每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项．听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来冋答有关小题和阅读下一小题．每段对话仅读一遍．例：How much is the shirt？A.£19.15.B. £9.18. C £9.15.答案是C。

1．（1.50分）What will James do tomorrow？A．Watch a TV program．B．Give a talk．C．Write a report．2．（1.50分）What can we say about the woman？A．She's generous．B．She's curious．C．She's helpful．3．（1.50分）When does the train leave？A．At 6：30．B．At 8：30．C．At 10：30．4．（1.50分）How does the woman go to work？A．By car．B．On foot．C．By bike．5．（1.50分）What is the probable relationship between the speakers？A．Classmates．B．Teacher and student．C．Doctor and patient．第二节（每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白．每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D三个选项中选出最佳选项．听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．毎段对话或独白读两遍．6．（3.00分）听第6段材料，回答下列各题．（1）What does the woman regret？A．Giving up her research．B．Dropping out of college．C．Changing her major．（2）What is the woman interested in studying now？A．Ecology．B．Education．C．Chemistry．7．（3.00分）听第7段材料，回答下列各题．（1）What is the man？A．A hotel manager．B．A tour guide．C．A taxi driver．（2）What is the man doing for the woman？A．Looking for some local foods．B．Showing her around the seaside．C．Offering information about a hotel．8．（4.50分）听第8段材料，回答下列各题．（1）Where does the conversation probably take place？A．In an office．B．At home．C．At a restaurant．（2）What will the speakers do tomorrow evening？A．Go to a concert．B．Visit a friend．C．Work extra hours．（3）Who is Alice going to call？A．Mike．B．Joan．C．Catherine．9．（6.00分）听第9段材料，回答下列各题．（1）Why does the woman meet the man？A．To look at an apartment．B．To deliver some furniture．C．To have a meal together．（2）What does the woman like about the carpet？A．Its color．B．Its design．C．Its quality．（3）What does the man say about the kitchen？A．It's a good size．B．It's newly painted．C．It's adequately equipped．（4）What will the woman probably do next？A．Go downtown．B．Talk with her friend．C．Make payment．10．（6.00分）听第10段材料，回答下列各题．（1）Who is the speaker probably talking to？A．Movie fans．B．News reporters．C．College students．（2）When did the speaker take English classes？A．Before he left his hometown．B．After he came to America．C．When he was 15 years old．（3）How does the speaker feel about his teacher？A．He's proud．B．He's sympathetic．C．He's grateful．（4）What does the speaker mainly talk about？A．How education shaped his life．B．How his language skills improved．C．How he managed his business well．第二部分阅读理解（共两节）第一节（满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项.11．（6.00分）AWashington，D．C．Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D．C．Duration：3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world﹣famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington，D．C．Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom．Reserve your spot before availability ﹣and the cherry blossoms ﹣disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours （4 miles）Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington，D．C．Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop．Guided tour includes bike，helmet，cookies and bottled water．Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D．C．Duration：3 hoursMorning or Afternoon，this bike tour is the perfect tour for D．C．newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington，D．C．in a healthy way with minimum effort．Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and parks．Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route（路线）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing．Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours （7 miles）Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington，D C．Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall．Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history．Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water．All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights．（1）Which tour do you need to book in advance？A．Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D．C．B．Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour．C．Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D．C．D．Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour．（2）What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour？A．Meet famous people．B．Go to a national park．C．Visit well﹣known museums．D．Enjoy interesting stories．（3）Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide？A．City maps．B．Cameras．C．Meals．D．Safety lights．12．（8.00分）BGood Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning，but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role ﹣showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget．In Save Money：Good Food，she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste，while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day．And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home，preparing meals for sons，Sam，14，Finn，13，and Jack，11．"We love Mexican churros，so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant，'' she explains，"I pay £5 for a portion（一份），but Matt makes them for 26p a portion，because they are flour，water，sugar and oil．Everybody can buy takeaway food，but sometimes we're not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves．"The eight﹣part series （系列节目），Save Money：Good Food，follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money：Good Health，which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market．With food our biggest weekly household expense．Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week．In tonight's Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget．The team transforms the family's long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes．（1）What do we know about Susanna Reid？A．She enjoys embarrassing her guests．B．She has started a new programme．C．She dislikes working early in the morning．D．She has had a tight budget for her family．（2）How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna？A．He buys cooking materials for her．B．He prepares food for her kids．C．He assists her in cooking matters．D．He invites guest families for her．（3）What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4？A．Summarize the previous paragraphs．B．Provide some advice for the readers．C．Add some background information．D．Introduce a new topic for discussion．（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？A．Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB．Balancing Our Daily DietC．Making Yourself a Perfect ChefD．Cooking Well for Less13．（8.00分）CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going．When the world was still populated by hunter﹣gatherers，small，tightly knit （联系）groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other．Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them．Soon afterwards，many of those people started settling down to become farmers，and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number．In recent centuries，trade，industrialisation，the development of the nation﹣state and the spread of universal compulsory education，especially globalisation andbetter communications in the past few decades，all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over．At present，the world has about 6，800 languages．The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven．The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages，often spoken by many people，while hot，wet zones have lots，often spoken by small numbers．Europe has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1，000；Africa 2，400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800．The median number （中位数）of speakers is a mere 6，000，which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that．Already well over 400 of the total of 6，800 languages are close to extinction （消亡），with only a few elderly speakers left．Pick，at random，Busuu in Cameroon （eight remaining speakers），Chiapaneco in Mexico （150），Lipan Apache in the United States （two or three）or Wadjigu in Australia （one，with a question﹣mark）：none of these seems to have much chance of survival．（1）What can we infer about languages in hunter﹣gatherer times？A．They developed very fast．B．They were large in number．C．They had similar patterns．D．They were closely connected．（2）Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2？A．Complex．B．Advanced．C．Powerful．D．Modern．（3）How many languages are spoken by less than 6，000 people at present？A．About 6，800．B．About 3，400．C．About 2，400．D．About 1，200．（4）What is the main idea of the text？A．New languages will be created．B．People's lifestyles are reflected in languages．C．Human development results in fewer languages．D．Geography determines language evolution．14．（8.00分）DWe may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new，but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices （装置）well after they go out of style．That's bad news for the environment ﹣and our wallets ﹣as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things．To figure out how much power these devices are using，Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life ﹣from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device．This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s．Devices were grouped by generation．Desktop computers，basic mobile phones，and box﹣set TVs defined 1992．Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997．And MP3 players，smart phones，and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002，before tablets and e﹣readers showed up in 2007．As we accumulated more devices，however，we didn't throw out our old ones．"The living﹣room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room，and suddenly one day，you have a TV in every room of the house，" said one researcher．The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007．We're not just keeping these old devices﹣we continue touse them．According to the analysis of Babbitt's team，old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions （排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window．So what's the solution（解决方案）？The team's data only went up to 2007，but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function，such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing．They found that more on﹣demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%．（1）What does the author think of new devices？A．They are environment﹣friendly．B．They are no better than the old．C．They cost more to use at home．D．They go out of style quickly．（2）Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research？A．To reduce the cost of minerals．B．To test the life cycle of a product．C．To update consumers on new technology．D．To find out electricity consumption of the devices．（3）Which of the following uses the least energy？A．The box﹣set TV．B．The tablet．C．The LCD TV．D．The desktop computer．（4）What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices？A．Stop using them．B．Take them apart．C．Upgrade them．D．Recycle them．第二节（毎小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I）英语第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. £ 19. 15.B. £ 9. 18.C. £ 9. 15.答案是C。

1．What does the woman think of the movie?A．It’s amusing B．It’s exciting C．It’s disappointing2．How will Susan spend most of her time in France?A．Traveling around B．Studying at a school C．Looking after her aunt3．What are the speakers talking about?A．Going out B．Ordering drinks C．Preparing for a party4．Where are the speakers?A．In a classroom B．In a library C．In a bookstore5．What is the man going to do?A．Go on the Internet B．Make a phone call C．Take a train trip第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标卷Ⅰ）语文注意事项：1. 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。

2. 作答时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必做题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成第1-3题。

①宋代，传统的农业、手工业、商业、交通和城市在唐代的基础上又有了新的发展，特别是商品经济空前繁荣。

在此背景下，宋代的货币流通和信用进入迅速发展时期，开创了古代传统金融的新篇章。

②宋代在信用形式和信用工具方面都呈现出新的特点。

信用形式有借贷、质、押、典、赊买赊卖等多种形式。

借贷分为政府借贷和私人借贷。

政府借贷主要表现为赈贷的形式，在紧急情况下通过贷给百姓粮食或种子的方式，帮助他们度过困境。

私人借贷多为高利贷。

它可以解决社会分化和“钱荒”带来的平民百姓资金严重不足的问题，满足特殊支付和燃眉之急的需要。

质、押是借贷担保的形式，由质库、解库、普惠库、长生库等机构经营。

质属动产担保，它的设立必须转移动产的占有；押属不动产担保，通常将抵押物的旧契交付抵押权人即可。

债务人违约时，债权人可用变卖价款优先受偿。

典当作为不动产转移的一种形式，也是在宋代形成和发展起来的。

其特点是典权人向出典人支付典价后，就占有了出典人典产的使用权和收益支配权，典权存续期间典权人不向出典人支付租金，出典人也不向典权人支付利息。

宋代，商业贸易非常发达，但通货偏于紧缩，故赊买赊卖行为也很普及，几乎消费领域、流通领域和生产领域的所有物品都能进行赊买赊卖。

而且赊买赊卖所涉及人员的关系也异常复杂，触及官家和私人各层面。

从其实际效果看，解决了军需、赈济了贫民、加强了流通、满足了财政，更重要的一点，它向束缚生产流通扩大和发展的高利贷发起了冲击。

③随着社会经济的发展，宋代商业贸易的发展对货币发展的要求越来越高，但是社会中货币供给和流通状况不尽理想，表现为货币流通区域的割据性、货币供给数量的有限性、货币币材的复杂性以及大量流通的铜铁钱细碎和不便携带的特性，其结果是抑制了经济发展。

精心整理2018年全国卷1高考语文试题及答案2018年全国卷1（即新课标I卷、乙卷），适用地区：河南、河北、山西、江西、湖北、湖南、安徽、福建、广东、山东。

一、现代文阅读。

(36分)（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。

诸子之学，兴起于先秦，当时一大批富有创见的思想家喷涌而出，蔚为思想史之奇观，在狭义上，诸子之学与先秦时代相联系；在广义上，诸子之学则不限于先秦而绵延于此后中国思想发展的整个过程，这一过程至今仍没有终结。

诸子之学的内在品格是历史的承继性以及思想的创造性和突破性。

“新子学”，即新时代的诸子之学，也应有同样的品格。

这可以从“照着讲”和“接着讲”两个方面来理解。

一般而言，“照着讲”，主要是从历史角度对以往经典作具体的实证性研究，诸如训话、校勘、文献编纂，等等。

这方面的研究涉及对以往思想的回顾、反思，即应把握历史上的思想家实际说了些什么，也应总结其中具有创造性和生命力内容，从而为今天的思想提供重要的思想资源。

与“照着讲”相关的是“接着讲”，从思想的发展与诸子之学的关联看，“接着讲”接近诸子之学所具有的思想突破性的内在品格，它意味着延续诸子注重思想创造的传统，以近代以来中西思想的互动为背景，“接着讲”无法回避中西思想之间的关系。

在中西之学已相遇的背景下，“接着讲”同时展开为中西之学的交融，从更深的层次看，这种交融具体展开为世界文化的建构与发展过程，中国思想传统与西方的思想传统都构成了世界文化的重要资源。

而世界文化的发展，则以二者的互动为其重要前提。

这一意义上的“新子学”，同时表现为世界文化发展过程中创造性的思想系统。

相对于传统的诸子之学，“新子学”无疑获得了新的内涵与新的形态。

“照着讲”与“接着讲”二者无法分离。

从逻辑上说，任何新思想的形成，都不能从“无”开始，它总是基于既有思想演进过程，并需要对既有思想范围进行反思批判。

“照着讲”的意义，在于梳理以往的发展过程，打开前人思想的丰富内容，由此为后继的思想提供理论之源。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文Ⅰ注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、现代文阅读(36分)（一）论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题，9分)阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

诸子之学，兴起于先秦，当时一大批富有创见的思想家喷涌而出，蔚为思想史之奇观。

在狭义上，诸子之学与先秦时代相联系；在广义上，诸子之学则不限于先秦而绵延于此后中国思想发展的整个过程，这一过程至今仍没有终结。

诸子之学的内在品格是历史的承继性以及思想的创造性和突破性。

“新子学”，即新时代的诸子之学，也应有同样的品格。

这可以从“照着讲”和“接着讲”两个方面来理解。

一般而言，“照着讲”主要从历史角度对以往经典作具体的实证性研究，诸如训诂、校勘、文献编纂，等等。

这方面的研究涉及对以往思想的回顾、反思，既应把握历史上的思想家实际说了些什么，也应总结其中具有创造性和生命力的内容，从而为今天的思考提供重要的思想资源。

与“照着讲”相关的是“接着讲”。

从思想的发展与诸子之学的关联看，“接着讲”接近诸子之学所具有的思想突破性的内在品格，它意味着延续诸子注重思想创造的传统。

以近代以来中西思想的互动为背景，“接着讲”无法回避中西思想之间的关系，在中西之学已相遇的背景下，“接着讲”同时展开为中西之学的交融，从更深的层次看，这种交融具体展开为世界文化的建构和发展过程。

中国思想传统与西方的思想传统都构成了世界文化的重要资源，而世界文化的发展，则以二者的互动为其重要前提。

这一意义上的“新子学”，同时展现为世界文化发展过程中创造性的思想系统。

相对于传统的诸子之学，“新子学”无疑获得了新的内涵与新的形态。

“照着讲”与“接着讲”二者无法分离。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文Ⅰ注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上.2．回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效.3．考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、现代文阅读（36分）(一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

诸子之学，兴起于先秦，当时一大批富有创见的思想家喷涌而出，蔚为思想史之奇观。

在狭义上，诸子之学与先秦时代相联系；在广义上，诸子之学则不限于先秦而绵延于此后中国思想发展的整个过程，这一过程至今仍没有终结.诸子之学的内在品格是历史的承继性以及思想的创造性和突破性。

“新子学",即新时代的诸子之学，也应有同样的品格。

这可以从“照着讲”和“接着讲”两个方面来理解。

一般而言，“照着讲"主要从历史角度对以往经典作具体的实证性研究,诸如训诂、校勘、文献编纂，等等。

这方面的研究涉及对以往思想的回顾、反思，既应把握历史上的思想家实际说了些什么，也应总结其中具有创造性和生命力的内容，从而为今天的思考提供重要的思想资源.与“照着讲"相关的是“接着讲"。

从思想的发展与诸子之学的关联看,“接着讲”接近诸子之学所具有的思想突破性的内在品格，它意味着延续诸子注重思想创造的传统。

以近代以来中西思想的互动为背景，“接着讲”无法回避中西思想之间的关系，在中西之学已相遇的背景下，“接着讲"同时展开为中西之学的交融，从更深的层次看,这种交融具体展开为世界文化的建构和发展过程。

中国思想传统与西方的思想传统都构成了世界文化的重要资源,而世界文化的发展，则以二者的互动为其重要前提。

这一意义上的“新子学”，同时展现为世界文化发展过程中创造性的思想系统。

相对于传统的诸子之学,“新子学”无疑获得了新的内涵与新的形态。

2018年全国卷1高考语文试题及答案2018年全国卷1（即新课标I卷、乙卷），适用地区：、、、、、、、、、。

一、现代文阅读。

(36分)（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。

诸子之学，兴起于先，当时一大批富有创见的思想家喷涌而出，蔚为思想史之奇观，在狭义上，诸子之学与先时代相联系；在广义上，诸子之学则不限于先而绵延于此后中国思想发展的整个过程，这一过程至今仍没有终结。

诸子之学的在品格是历史的承继性以及思想的创造性和突破性。

“新子学”，即新时代的诸子之学，也应有同样的品格。

这可以从“照着讲”和“接着讲”两个方面来理解。

一般而言，“照着讲”，主要是从历史角度对以往经典作具体的实证性研究，诸如训话、校勘、文献编纂，等等。

这方面的研究涉及对以往思想的回顾、反思，即应把握历史上的思想家实际说了些什么，也应总结其中具有创造性和生命力容，从而为今天的思想提供重要的思想资源。

与“照着讲”相关的是“接着讲”，从思想的发展与诸子之学的关联看，“接着讲”接近诸子之学所具有的思想突破性的在品格，它意味着延续诸子注重思想创造的传统，以近代以来中西思想的互动为背景，“接着讲”无法回避中西思想之间的关系。

在中西之学已相遇的背景下，“接着讲”同时展开为中西之学的交融，从更深的层次看，这种交融具体展开为世界文化的建构与发展过程，中国思想传统与西方的思想传统都构成了世界文化的重要资源。

而世界文化的发展，则以二者的互动为其重要前提。

这一意义上的“新子学”，同时表现为世界文化发展过程中创造性的思想系统。

相对于传统的诸子之学，“新子学”无疑获得了新的涵与新的形态。

“照着讲”与“接着讲”二者无法分离。

从逻辑上说，任何新思想的形成，都不能从“无”开始，它总是基于既有思想演进过程，并需要对既有思想围进行反思批判。

“照着讲”的意义，在于梳理以往的发展过程，打开前人思想的丰富容，由此为后继的思想提供理论之源。

在此意义上，“照着讲”是“接着讲”的出发点。

2018年高考真题语文 (全国I卷)一、现代文阅读。

（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。

诸子之学，兴起于先秦，当时一大批富有创见的思想家喷涌而出，蔚为思想史之奇观，在狭义上，诸子之学与先秦时代相联系；在广义上，诸子之学则不限于先秦而绵延于此后中国思想发展的整个过程，这一过程至今仍没有终结。

诸子之学的内在品格是历史的承继性以及思想的创造性和突破性。

“新子学”，即新时代的诸子之学，也应有同样的品格。

这可以从“照着讲”和“接着讲”两个方面来理解。

一般而言，“照着讲”，主要是从历史角度对以往经典作具体的实证性研究，诸如训话、校勘、文献编纂，等等。

这方面的研究涉及对以往思想的回顾、反思，即应把握历史上的思想家实际说了些什么，也应总结其中具有创造性和生命力内容，从而为今天的思想提供重要的思想资源。

与“照着讲”相关的是“接着讲”，从思想的发展与诸子之学的关联看，“接着讲”接近诸子之学所具有的思想突破性的内在品格，它意味着延续诸子注重思想创造的传统，以近代以来中西思想的互动为背景，“接着讲”无法回避中西思想之间的关系。

在中西之学已相遇的背景下，“接着讲”同时展开为中西之学的交融，从更深的层次看，这种交融具体展开为世界文化的建构与发展过程，中国思想传统与西方的思想传统都构成了世界文化的重要资源。

而世界文化的发展，则以二者的互动为其重要前提。

这一意义上的“新子学”，同时表现为世界文化发展过程中创造性的思想系统。

相对于传统的诸子之学，“新子学”无疑获得了新的内涵与新的形态。

“照着讲”与“接着讲”二者无法分离。

从逻辑上说，任何新思想的形成，都不能从“无”开始，它总是基于既有思想演进过程，并需要对既有思想范围进行反思批判。

“照着讲”的意义，在于梳理以往的发展过程，打开前人思想的丰富内容，由此为后继的思想提供理论之源。

在此意义上，“照着讲”是“接着讲”的出发点。

然而，仅仅停留在“照着讲”，思想便容易止于过去，难以继续前行，可能无助于思想的创新。