一个多总线、多源可重新布局的斯特林放射性同位素电力系统测试平台的开发

扫码注册平头哥OCC 官网观看各类视频及课程阿里云开发者“藏经阁”海量电子手册免费下载平头哥芯片开放社区交流群扫码关注获取更多信息平头哥RISC-V 系列课程培训扫码登录在线学习目录RISC-V处理器架构 (5)1.RISC-V架构起源 (5)2.RISC-V架构发展 (5)3.RISC-V架构与X86、ARM在商业模式上的区别 (6)4.RISC-V架构现状和未来 (7)5.RISC-V处理器课程学习 (9)平头哥玄铁CPU IP (10)1.概述 (10)2.面向低功耗领域CPU (10)3.面向中高端服务器CPU (16)4.面向高性能领域CPU (23)5.玄铁CPU课程学习 (26)无剑平台 (27)1.无剑100开源SoC平台 (27)2.无剑600SoC平台 (28)平头哥RISC-V工具链 (34)1.RISC-V工具链简介 (34)2.剑池CDK开发工具 (37)3.玄铁CPU调试系统 (44)4.HHB (51)5.剑池CDK开发工具课程学习 (54)平头哥玄铁CPU系统 (55)1.YoC (55)2.Linux (56)3.Android (62)RISC-V玄铁系列开发板实践 (67)1.基于玄铁C906处理器的D1Dock Pro开发实践 (67)2.基于玄铁E906处理器的RVB2601开发实践 (82)RISC-V应用领域开发示例 (100)1.基于D1Dock Pro应用开发示例 (100)2.基于RVB2601应用开发示例 (106)RISC-V未来探索 (116)1.平头哥开源RISC-V系统处理器 (116)2.平头哥对RISC-V基金会贡献 (117)3.高校合作 (117)RISC-V处理器架构1.RISC-V架构起源RISC-V架构是一种开源的指令集架构。

最早是由美国伯克利大学的Krest教授及其研究团队提出的，当时提出的初衷是为了计算机/电子类方向的学生做课程实践服务的。

特约主编寄语高压电力电缆及附件系统是高压输电线路中的关键装备，具有低碳环保和安全可靠的优点，适用于环境敏感区域及城市电网的电缆化增容改造，增强电网抵抗自然灾害的能力。

在高压电缆及附件的设计制造、敷设安装、试验运行中，电、热、机械等应力对系统绝缘的作用都会影响到电缆系统运行的可靠性。

因此，高压电缆及附件的关键技术研究，对于不断提高电缆系统的性能、保障电力能源安全和可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。

为此，《中国电力》编辑部特别组稿了“高压电缆及附件关键技术”专栏，我们有幸成为该专栏的特约主编，负责相关约稿、组稿和审稿等工作。

在此过程中得到了相关领域专家学者的大力支持，在众多投稿中本专栏再次录用了10篇稿件，详细内容介绍如下。

在高压直流电缆方面，西安交通大学李飞等人采用多种测试分析方法，研究了电缆绝缘相态组成结构和直流电气性能的径向不均匀分布特征及其对电缆电场分布特性的影响；华北电力大学徐晓彬等人采用双极性载流子输运模型，研究针板电极下直流电场对交联聚乙烯（XLPE ）绝缘中空间电荷注入分布特性及电树枝引发特性的影响；中国电力科学研究院有限公司赵鹏等人对比分析了高压直流电缆国内国际试验标准的差异性，研究了±535 kV 电缆系统试验中的关键问题，可作为试验方案制定的参考；中天科技海缆股份有限公司胡明等人综述了高压直流电缆应用中空间电荷及交联副产物的测试分析方法，结合国内外直流电缆工程分析挤包绝缘高压直流电缆的未来研究发展。

在高压交流电缆方面，中国电力科学研究院有限公司欧阳本红等人研究了国产高压交流电缆用XLPE 绝缘料性能与进口材料的异同，为国产电缆绝缘料的性能提升提供数据支撑；国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院孟峥峥等人综述分析了高压XLPE 电缆缓冲层故障研究现状，为缓冲层故障防范提供参考；中天科技海缆股份有限公司王文超等人提出一种海底电缆用导体等截面梯形型线阻水结构的理论设计方法，验证了型线结构海底电缆的经济性。

第51卷第17期电力系统保护与控制Vol.51 No.17 2023年9月1日Power System Protection and Control Sept. 1, 2023 DOI: 10.19783/ki.pspc.230142基于PSASP的电网智能仿真工具设计与实现李 锋1，王 莹1，周良松2，姚占东2(1.国家电网有限公司华中分部，湖北 武汉 430077；2.华中科技大学电气与电子工程学院，湖北 武汉 430074)摘要：现有通用电力系统仿真软件自动化和智能化程度不高的问题极大影响了安全稳定分析工作的效率。

为此，从工程技术人员的实际需求出发，基于电力系统分析综合程序(power system analysis software package, PSASP)设计并开发了电网智能仿真计算工具。

该工具通过从数据解析与处理、计算功能优化、结果分析自动化3个方面对现有软件进行了优化，提升工作效率。

引入达梦数据库系统，实现海量数据的存储、计算、查询和共享。

开发了厂站接线图自动绘制功能，可自动实现元件连接关系的可视化展示。

开发了运行方式数据自动生成功能，可形成对应海量运行场景的潮流作业数据。

开发了静态安全自动分析功能，可进行N - 1开断的自动计算和结果的智能分析与展示。

最后，以华中电网安全稳定分析为例，验证了智能仿真工具的实用效果。

关键词：仿真工具；安全稳定分析；数据交互；接线图绘制；自动计算Design and implementation of a power grid intelligent simulation tool based on PSASPLI Feng1, WANG Ying1, ZHOU Liangsong2, YAO Zhandong2(1. Central China Branch, State Grid Corporation of China, Wuhan 430077, China; 2. School of Electrical and ElectronicEngineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China)Abstract: The low degree of automation and intelligence of existing general power system simulation software has greatly affected the efficiency of security and stability analysis. An intelligent simulation tool for a power gird based on PSASP is designed and developed according to the actual needs of engineers and technicians. The simulation software is optimized to improve work efficiency from three aspects: data analysis and processing, optimization of calculation function and automation of result analysis. The Dameng database system is introduced to realize the storage, calculation, query and sharing of massive data. The function of power station wiring diagram auto-graphing is developed to automatically achieve visual display of the connection relationship of elements. The function of operating mode data automatic generation is developed to form power flow data for mass operational modes. The function of automatic static safety analysis can automatically realize calculation of 1N- disconnection and the intelligent analysis and display of results. Finally, taking security and stability analysis of the Central China power grid as an example, the practical effect of power grid intelligent simulation tool is illustrated.This work is supported by Youth Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51707074).Key words: simulation tool; security and stability analysis; data exchange; wiring diagram graphing; automatic calculation0 引言仿真分析是认知大电网安全稳定特性、制定运行控制措施的主要手段，因此仿真计算及分析工作的准确性和及时性对于保障大电网安全稳定运行和基金项目：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目资助(51707074)；国家电网有限公司科技项目资助(SGHZ0000JZJS2200228) 电力可靠供应愈显重要[1]。

航天返回与遥感第43卷第3期96SPACECRAFT RECOVERY & REMOTE SENSING2022年6月空间斯特林制冷机系统模型辨识与预测控制陈子印林喆赵筱琳张晗汪瑜（北京空间机电研究所，北京100094）摘要为解决空间用大功率机械式斯特林制冷机系统的高精度控温问题，针对这一类具有时延特性的大时间常数温度控制系统，首先，文章提出一种基于继电模型辨识的闭环辨识方法，通过设计合理的辨识参数，采集系统的输入输出响应数据并通过最小二乘法拟合获得了系统的辨识模型，克服了传统开环辨识方法无法获得固定控温点附近辨识模型的不足；其次，基于辨识模型的阶跃响应数据建立预测模型，采用动态矩阵预测控制，通过滚动优化和反馈校正机制，对温度控制系统性能指标实现了最优控制。

最后，通过搭建模型辨识及实验平台，验证了系统模型辨识的准确性可达到94%，对长波红外探测器60K控温点的控温稳定性可达到±10mK（3σ）的水平，该模型辨识与控制方法已经成功应用于多台星载红外相机的焦面制冷机控温系统并获得在轨验证。

关键词斯特林制冷机继电模型辨识动态矩阵控制预测控制空间制冷中图分类号: TP273文献标志码: A 文章编号: 1009-8518(2022)03-0096-09DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-8518.2022.03.011Model Identification and Predictive Control of the Space StirlingCryocooler SystemCHEN Ziyin LIN Zhe ZHAO Xiaolin ZHANG Han WANG Yu（Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics & Electricity, Beijing 100094, China）Abstract To solve the problem of high-precision temperature control of high-power stirling cryocooler system for space application, towards such a temperature control system with time delay and large time constant characteristics, firstly, a closed-loop identification method based on relay model identification is proposed, by selecting the proper parameters, the system model can be identified through the least square method based on the obtained input and output response data, which overcomes the shortcomings of the open-loop identification method that cannot obtain the model at the neighborhood of the fixed operation point; secondly, the dynamic matrix predictive control is employed based on the step response of the identified model, through the rolling optimization and feedback correction, the optimized control performance can be achieved for the temperature control system. Finally, through establishing the model identification and experimental test bench, it can be seen that the similarity of system model identification reached 94% and the收稿日期：2021-02-18基金项目：国家重点研发计划引用格式：陈子印, 林喆, 赵筱琳, 等. 空间斯特林制冷机系统模型辨识与预测控制[J]. 航天返回与遥感, 2022, 43(3): 96-104.CHEN Ziyin, LIN Zhe, ZHAO Xiaolin, et al. Model Identification and Predictive Control of the Space StirlingCryocooler System[J]. Spacecraft Recovery & Remote Sensing, 2022, 43(3): 96-104. (in Chinese)第3期陈子印等: 空间斯特林制冷机系统模型辨识与预测控制 97stability of the temperature for the 60K operation point can achieve a high level at ±10mK (3σ), and these achievements on the model identification and control method have been successfully applied to the temperature control system of focal plane refrigerator for several spaceborne infrared cameras and have been verified in orbit.Keywords stirling cryocooler; relay model identification; dynamic model control; predictive control; space refrigeration0 引言机械式斯特林制冷机作为红外遥感相机光学系统的重要组成部分，负责为红外探测器提供低温工作环境，降低探测器热噪声，从而提高探测器的成像品质[1]，随着高分辨率对地成像的技术发展需求，系统对制冷机控温的稳定性指标要求由±0.1K提高到±0.01K[2-5]。

华能清洁能源技术研究院许世森：直流侧接入储能系统效率高、投资低和交流侧对比，直流侧接入电池储能系统整体来说投资是比较低的，效率相对来说是比较高的，我们说电到电的效率，我们现在能做到90以上，这个可能在所有的储能系统中效率是比较高的。

第二个，我们解决了分布式这种方式。

有一个直流侧、交流侧接入，就省了相互逆变的环节。

设备利用率、投资、功率变化、管理方面都做了比较好的匹配。

——中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院董事长许世森8月7日由华北电力大学、中国可再生能源学会主办的“第一届中国储能学术论坛暨风光储创新技术大会”在北京召开，会议为大力推广风能、太阳能、储能创新技术，推动风光互补、太阳能+储能、风光储技术以及智能微电网、能源互联网技术在综合能源服务领域的应用；搭建风能、太阳能与储能产业科学技术、创新应用的交流与合作平台，推进风电、太阳能发电无补贴平价上网项目技术发展，推动储能技术进步和创新。

主旨报告环节，中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院董事长许世森作”直流侧接入电池储能系统与应用“报告。

中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院董事长许世森尊敬的各位专家、各位代表，上午好！对储能还是谈点认识，刚才国网公司的沈主任谈到了，我们国家未来可再生能源大比例接入以后未来的储能还是一个难题，刚才王所长也讲到了，未来可能主要还是依靠可再生能源就是绿色电力，但是我们国家资源丰富的状况和我们负荷中心距离相当遥远，通过什么路径将这些绿色电力送到负荷中心，电网公司实际已经感受到了巨大压力，我是从发电企业来的，但是我们也感受到电网公司所承受的前所未有的压力，从政府这个角度，一谈到弃风弃光是不应该的，电网公司应该全额消纳，但是对一些局部的省份或者局部的小的国家来说，可能解决这个问题相对容易，我们这个国家优质的可再生能源基本上都在西部，我们负荷中心又在东南部，这个通道如何把电源侧的这种波动的电源有序的可控制的送到东部，电网公司面对着前所未有的压力。

㊀２０２１年㊀第２期仪表技术与传感器Ｉｎｓｔｒｕｍｅｎｔ㊀Ｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ㊀ａｎｄ㊀Ｓｅｎｓｏｒ２０２１㊀Ｎｏ．２㊀基金项目：国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金资助项目（６１５２５１０７）收稿日期：２０２０－０３－２４基于ＲＳ４８５总线的分布式高精度数据采集系统陈㊀航１，严㊀帅２，刘㊀胜１，张会新１（１．中北大学，仪器科学与动态测试教育部重点实验室，山西太原㊀０３００５１；２．北京宇航系统工程研究所，北京㊀１０００７６）㊀㊀摘要：针对分布式测试系统中物理量种类多㊁相互之间易干扰，数据需要远距离传输的要求，设计了一种基于ＲＳ４８５总线的分布式数据采集系统㊂该系统主要包含上位机㊁主控站点和被控站点，通过定制ＵＳＢ和ＲＳ４８５总线通信协议，实现了总线上４０个站点的轮询测量或单站点单通道测量㊂实验结果表明，该系统实现了数据的可靠传输，有效解决了大面积环境下进行分布式高精度数据采集的问题，具有较好的实用价值㊂关键词：分布式；ＲＳ４８５总线；高精度；智能化；ＡＤＳ１２５８；数据采集中图分类号：ＴＰ３０２㊀㊀㊀文献标识码：Ａ㊀㊀㊀文章编号：１００２－１８４１（２０２１）０２－００７１－０４ＤｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄＨｉｇｈ⁃ｐｒｅｃｉｓｉｏｎＤａｔａＡｃｑｕｉｓｉｔｉｏｎＳｙｓｔｅｍＢａｓｅｄｏｎＲＳ４８５ＢｕｓＣＨＥＮＨａｎｇ１，ＹＡＮＳｈｕａｉ２，ＬＩＵＳｈｅｎｇ１，ＺＨＡＮＧＨｕｉ⁃ｘｉｎ１（１．ＮｏｒｔｈＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＣｈｉｎａＴｈｅＭｉｎｉｓｔｒｙｏｆＥｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎＫｅｙＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｏｆＩｎｓｔｒｕｍｅｎｔＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＤｙｎａｍｉｃＭｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔ，Ｔａｉｙｕａｎ０３００５１，Ｃｈｉｎａ；２．ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＡｅｒｏｓｐａｃｅＳｙｓｔｅｍｓＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００７６，Ｃｈｉｎａ）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：ＡｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｄａｔａａｃｑｕｉｓｉｔｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍｂａｓｅｄｏｎＲＳ４８５ｂｕｓｗａｓｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｄｆｏｒｔｈｅｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｍａｎｙｋｉｎｄｓｏｆｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｑｕａｎｔｉｔｉｅｓｗｈｉｃｈａｒｅｅａｓｙｔｏｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｅｗｉｔｈｅａｃｈｏｔｈｅｒ，ａｎｄｔｈｅｄａｔａｎｅｅｄｓｔｏｂｅｔｒａｎｓｍｉｔｔｅｄｏｖｅｒｌｏｎｇｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅｓ．Ｔｈｉｓｓｙｓｔｅｍｍａｉｎｌｙｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｄｔｈｅｈｏｓｔｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒ，ｔｈｅｍａｓｔｅｒｓｔａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｅｄｓｔａｔｉｏｎ．ＢｙｃｕｓｔｏｍｉｚｉｎｇｔｈｅＵＳＢａｎｄＲＳ４８５ｂｕｓｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｔｏｃｏｌｓ，ｉｔｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｅｄｐｏｌｌｉｎｇｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔｏｆ４０ｓｔａｔｉｏｎｓｏｎｔｈｅｂｕｓｏｒｓｉｎｇｌｅ⁃ｃｈａｎｎｅｌｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔ．Ｔｈｅｅｘｐｅｒ⁃ｉｍｅｎｔａｌｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔｔｈｅｓｙｓｔｅｍａｃｈｉｅｖｅｓｒｅｌｉａｂｌｅｄａｔａｔｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｏｎａｎｄｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙｓｏｌｖｅｓｔｈｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｏｆｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄａｎｄｈｉｇｈ⁃ｐｒｅｃｉｓｉｏｎｄａｔａｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｌａｒｇｅ⁃ｓｃａｌｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ，ｗｈｉｃｈｈａｓｈｉｇｈｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌｖａｌｕｅ．Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄ；ＲＳ４８５ｂｕｓ；ｈｉｇｈａｃｃｕｒａｃｙ；ｉｎｔｅｌｌｉｇｅｎｔ；ＡＤＳ１２５８；ｄａｔａａｃｑｕｉｓｉｔｉｏｎ０㊀引言在一些分布式测试系统中，不可避免地要对被测环境不同位置地点多种物理量（湿度㊁温度㊁压力等）进行精确采集和测量［１－２］㊂传统的测试系统大多采用点对点连线的电缆对传感器的模拟量信号进行传输，这种方式一方面容易受到周围电磁环境的影响，降低采集精度；另一方面增加了测试系统中电缆的消耗量和成本，还在一定程度上影响采集系统的健壮性㊂为了提高测试系统的智能化程度和精确度，设计了一个基于ＲＳ４８５总线的分布式高精度数据采集系统，将各地点的传感器信号通过采样转换为数字信号，通过ＲＳ４８５总线传至系统主控站点［３－５］㊂和现有的测试系统相比，增加了数据采集通道个数和采集精度，最多可实现６４０个测点数据的轮询采集，提高了数据传输的智能化水平㊂１㊀系统总体设计分布式数据采集系统主要包含上位机㊁ＲＳ４８５总线主控站点和４０个ＲＳ４８５总线被控站点等部分，原理框图如图１所示㊂主控站点与上位机通过ＵＳＢ接口交换数据，在上位机下传的数据被解析后，ＦＰＧＡ将其通过主站ＲＳ４８５模块发出并与配对成功的被控站点通信㊂根据不同的命令，可以实现不同速率下的固定通道和自动扫描通道数据采集功能㊂主控站点在接收到数据后进行打包，通过ＵＳＢ接口传至上位机，实现了一主控站点多被控站点的高速ＲＳ４８５通信㊂每个被控站点包含ＲＳ４８５总线模块㊁ＦＰＧＡ控制模块㊁Ａ／Ｄ采集模块等，属于独立的数据采集子系统，原理设计图如图２所示㊂与主控站点下传的站点号匹配正确后，ＦＰＧＡ首先对ＡＤＳ１２５８相关寄存器进行配置，开始Ａ／Ｄ采集，完成后将数据传至主控单元㊂㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀７２㊀ＩｎｓｔｒｕｍｅｎｔＴｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅａｎｄＳｅｎｓｏｒＦｅｂ．２０２１㊀图１㊀系统整体原理框图图２㊀被控站点设计示意图２㊀系统硬件设计２．１㊀ＦＰＧＡ控制模块系统选用Ｓｐａｒｔａｎ－６系列ＦＰＧＡ作为主控芯片㊂在主控站点的硬件电路设计中，选择ＸＣ６ＳＬＸ１５０芯片对ＲＳ４８５总线通信芯片ＩＳＯ１１７６Ｔ和ＵＳＢ接口芯片ＦＴ２２３２进行控制，其电路连接示意如图３所示㊂被控站点的Ａ／Ｄ采集芯片ＡＤＳ１２５８及ＲＳ４８５通信芯片通过ＳＰＩ接口与ＦＰＧＡ连接，电路设计如图４所示㊂图３㊀主控站点ＦＰＧＡ电路设计图图４㊀被控站点ＦＰＧＡ电路设计图２．２㊀ＲＳ４８５总线模块分布式数据采集系统具有分布范围大㊁电磁环境复杂㊁传输节点要求多等特点㊂为满足设计要求，选用ＲＳ４８５总线通过差分线的压差传输数据，可以极大地减少传输过程中的共模干扰，提高数据传输系统的健壮性［６］㊂总线接口芯片ＩＳＯ１１７６Ｔ内部集成了变压器驱动器，在不要外部光耦的情况下实现隔离式供电，该芯片最大可支持２５６个从节点，最大数据传输速率达到４０Ｍｂｐｓ，详细的电路连接图如图５所示㊂图５㊀ＲＳ４８５总线模块电路连接图２．３㊀Ａ／Ｄ转换模块被控站点采用ＡＤＳ１２５８对来自传感器的模拟量信号进行模数转换㊂ＡＤＳ１２５８具有２４位采样分辨率，固定通道的采样速率能达到１２５ＫＳＰＳ，１６个通道同时采集最高速率可达２３．７ＫＳＰＳ，同时还集成了片上温度传感器，可以通过读取寄存器来读取芯片工作温度，它的工作温度为－４０ １０５ħ，此外还有低温漂㊁低噪声等特点，非常符合系统的设计要求［７－８］㊂ＦＰＧＡ和ＡＤＳ１２５８通过ＳＰＩ接口相连，ＣＬＫＩＯ为外部时钟输入引脚，来自ＦＰＧＡ的１６ＭＨｚ时钟通过５０Ω电阻后与其相连，同时要将时钟选择引脚ＣＬＫＳＥＬ置高，芯片模拟供电电压为ＡＶＤＤ＝５Ｖ，ＡＶＳＳ＝ＡＧＮＤ，参考电压为ＶＲＥＦ＝ＶＲＥＦＰ－ＶＲＥＦＮ＝５Ｖ，数字供电电压为ＤＶＤＤ＝３．３Ｖ，ＤＶＳＳ＝ＤＧＮＤ㊂ＡＤＳ１２５８的硬件电路如图６所示㊂㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第２期陈航等：基于ＲＳ４８５总线的分布式高精度数据采集系统７３㊀㊀图６㊀ＡＤＳ１２５８接口电路设计图２．４㊀ＵＳＢ接口设计ＦＴ２２３２Ｈ为支持高速ＵＳＢ２．０通信的接口芯片，支持最高４８０Ｍｂｐｓ的通信速度㊂它有Ａ㊁Ｂ２个数据传输通道，根据设计需要可以配置成多种速度模式，具体的接口如图３所示㊂芯片的工作模式为ＦＴ２４５异步ＦＩＦＯ接口模式，９３ＬＣ５６Ｂ为ＥＥＰＲＯＭ，用于保存ＦＴ２２３２Ｈ配置完后的相关信息［９］㊂３㊀系统软件设计３．１㊀主控站点软件设计主控站点通过ＵＳＢ接口实现和上位机的数据交换，根据不同指令实现数据打包传输和被控站点寄存器配置功能［１０］㊂ＦＴ２２３２Ｈ的数据收发时序通过ＦＰＧＡ控制，具体的读写时序如图７所示㊂ＲＸＦ＃信号为芯片输出信号，当缓存Ｂｕｆｆｅｒ内部有读数空间时输出为低，这时可以拉低ＲＤ＃信号进行一次８位ＦＩＦＯ数据的读取，然后ＲＸＦ＃信号被拉高，这期间不能进行读数操作，等ＲＸＦ＃再次拉低时进行下一次读数操作，写数据过程和读数据过程类似㊂图７㊀ＦＴ２２３２Ｈ读写时序图上位机和主控站点的通信协议如表１所示㊂在系统上电完成复位后，若接收到命令的第一个字节为２５ｈ，再继续判断下一个字节，若命令是５５ｈ（查询指令），则根据表１所示的通信协议进行ＲＳ４８５总线通信，主控站点从１到４０依次查询被控站点，并将收到被控站点的数据上传至上位机进行显示㊁存储；若命令是ＡＣｈ（寄存器配置指令），则对上位机的命令拆分处理，把后４个字节的数据根据总线通信协议进行打包，然后转发至对应的被控站点㊂表１㊀上位机通信协议命令有效标志８ｂｉｔ命令字８ｂｉｔ数据位３２ｂｉｔ寄存器配置命令２５ｈＡＣｈ被控站点地址８ｂｉｔ站点配置数据２４ｂｉｔ查询命令２５ｈ５５ｈ无效位停止命令２５ｈ９０ｈ无效位㊀㊀总线数据传输采取ＣＲＣ－４进行差错控制，通信协议如表２所示㊂主控站点将校验无误的数据传送给上位机显示存储，校验不通过则再一次查询该站点，如果连续３次数据校验不通过，则将站点序号告诉上位机，然后进行下一个站点查询，避免了因某个站点工作异常而使整个系统无法工作，提高了数据采集系统的可靠性性和抗干扰能力［１１］㊂表２㊀ＲＳ４８５总线通信协议起始位１ｂｉｔ有效数据位３２ｂｉｔＣＲＣ码４ｂｉｔ停止位３ｂｉｔ０被控站点地址８ｂｉｔ站点数据㊀２４ｂｉｔＣＲＣ－４１１１３．２㊀被控站点软件设计被控站点作为独立的数据采集系统，主要完成１６路模拟量信号采集和ＲＳ４８５总线通信工作㊂根据系统设计要求，ＡＤＳ１２５８默认工作模式为以２３．７ＫＳＰＳ㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀７４㊀ＩｎｓｔｒｕｍｅｎｔＴｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅａｎｄＳｅｎｓｏｒＦｅｂ．２０２１㊀采样速率自动扫描１６个模拟量输入通道，寄存器通过ＳＰＩ接口进行配置，ＤＩＮ管脚为数据输入引脚，ＣＯＮＦＩＧ１寄存器主要涉及采样速率的设置，命令字和寄存器地址为６１ｈ，相应的配置数据为０３ｈ；ＭＵＸＳＧ０和ＭＵＸＳＧ１寄存器主要进行采样通道选择，命令字和寄存器地址分别为６４ｈ和６５ｈ，相应的配置数据都为ＦＦｈ㊂根据ＳＣＬＫ管脚的时序写入配置寄存器的数据，如图８所示，在片选信号ＣＳ拉低时，有效命令和数据在ＳＣＬＫ上升沿从最高位开始顺序进入ＤＩＮ管脚㊂图８㊀ＡＤＳ１２５８寄存器配置时序图系统运行后，被控单元首先按照默认值对ＡＤＳ１２５８的寄存器进行配置，配置完成后对相关寄存器的值进行读取，验证是否配置正确，随后开始监测ＲＳ４８５总线上的数据，当与总线上的站点序号验证成功后，进行数据采集和发送数据，工作软件设计流程如图９所示㊂上位机可以对各被控站点的寄存器进行重新配置，以满足特殊测试要求㊂图９㊀被控站点软件设计流程图ＡＤＳ１２５８开始进行数据采集时，首先将ＳＴＡＲＴ管脚进行拉高，程序开始检测ＤＲＤＹ管脚的电平状态，当为低电平时，表示一个通道模拟量完成转换，读取有效数据共计３２位，高８位包含状态信息和通道信息，低２４位代表转换的有效数据㊂ＡＤＳ１２５８可以在小于７００μｓ的时间内处理完１６路通道的数据采集㊂４㊀测试结果分布式数据采集系统的ＲＳ４８５总线上间隔１ｍ设置一个被控站点，总线长度共计４０ｍ㊂系统测试时，在第一个被控站点１５通道输入２Ｖ电压，其余的被控站点和通道不输入电压，使用上位机发送查询命令后回传的数据见图１０㊂图１０㊀测试数据根据上位机的数据显示，主控站点按顺序查询了被控站点的１６路采集通道，ＥＢ９０ＥＢ９０是子站点数据发送结束标志，很好地完成了主控站点控制下的数据采集功能㊂数据 ＡＤＤ００００１９６２Ｆ７７Ｅ９ 中 ＡＤＤ００００１９６ 表示第一个被控站点１５通道的数据采集结果， ２Ｆ７７Ｅ９ 转变成电压为１．９７７８Ｖ，高精度万用表显示实际电压为１．９７８９Ｖ，所以系统的采集精度为０．６％，表明数据采集系统的精度很高㊂５㊀结束语分布式数据采集系统的设计采用２４位的模数转换芯片ＡＤＳ１２５８，提高了模拟量数据采集精度，选用ＲＳ４８５总线进行数据的传输，增加了系统挂载的站点数量，总线驱动器芯片ＩＳＯ１１７６Ｔ的使用实现了电源隔离，减少了周围环境的干扰㊂测试表明，系统数据传输可靠，精度很高，同时还可以根据（下转第７９页）㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第２期李鹏飞等：基于ＮＶＩＤＩＡＴＸ２模块的双目视觉信号采集系统设计７９㊀㊀效果图，在界面上定义一个全黑灰度图，将接收到的坐标点以白色画出，实时采集发送帧率为１４０ｆｐｓ，采集处理图像无丢帧失帧现象，发送数据包无丢包现象，稳定性好，满足了设计要求㊂６　结论针对胶体三维信息检测面临的缺失高帧率㊁采集实时性的问题，设计了一套双目视觉信号采集系统，该采集系统具有４路线结构光采集系统，实现了双目实时信号采集㊂其中以嵌入式ＮＶＩＤＩＡＴＸ２为核心详细介绍了图像采集㊁处理以及中心线坐标发送的全过程，结合了小型化硬件以及简便的上位机界面，集成了一套小体积㊁高效率㊁方便操作和移动的采集系统㊂实验测试表明系统稳定性好，精度高，满足了设计要求，为汽车关键部件胶体三维测量做好了充分准备，具有较好的实用价值㊂参考文献：［１］㊀任勇峰，王国忠．基于ＣＭＯＳ传感器的高性能图像采集系统设计［Ｊ］．仪表技术与传感器，２０１９（１）：６４－６７．［２］㊀岳昊，武栓虎．基于机器视觉的医用瓶盖质检系统设计［Ｊ］．仪表技术与传感器，２０１９（１０）：８３－８７．［３］㊀杨长辉，黄琳．基于机器视觉的滚动接触疲劳失效在线检测［Ｊ］．仪表技术与传感器，２０１９（４）：６５－６９．［４］㊀相江．线结构光传感器系统建模与误差分析［Ｄ］．合肥：合肥工业大学，２０１９．［５］㊀章金敏．基于激光三角法的物体三维轮廓测量系统［Ｄ］．武汉：武汉理工大学，２０１５．［６］㊀戴力．汽车涂胶工艺应用研究［Ｊ］．汽车零部件，２０１７，２３（８）：７１－７４．［７］㊀朱立忠，陈美洋．一种基于机器学习的汽车涂胶缺陷检测研究［Ｊ］．沈阳理工大学学报，２０１８，２３（４）：１８－２２．车工艺师，２０１９，２５（７）：６１－６４．［９］㊀吴勇，雷旭智．科惠力测量技术在缸体表面刀痕问题中的应用［Ｊ］．装备制造技术，２０１７，１６（８）：１２１－１２３．［１０］㊀唐广辉，穆建华，夏志豪．基于科惠力测量技术的发动机故障诊断应用［Ｊ］．汽车科技，２０１５，２３（１）：５２－５６．［１１］㊀ＯＬＥＮＳＫＹＪＡＧ，ＤＯＮＩＳＩＲ，ＢＯＲＮＨＯＲＳＴＧＭ．Ｎｏｎｄｅ⁃ｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｖｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｃｈａｎｇｅｓｄｕｒｉｎｇｉｎｖｉｔｒｏｇａｓｔｒｉｃｄｉｇｅｓｔｉｏｎｏｆａｐｐｌｅｓｕｓｉｎｇ３Ｄｔｉｍｅ⁃ｓｅｒｉｅｓｍｉｃｒｏ⁃ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｄｔｏｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙ［Ｊ］．ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＦｏｏｄＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，２０２０，２６７：１－１１．［１２］㊀金贝．基于ＨＡＬＣＯＮ的机器视觉教学实验系统设计［Ｄ］．北京：北京交通大学，２０１２．［１３］㊀方玉红．基于机器视觉的轨道缺陷图像检测系统设计［Ｄ］．南昌：南昌大学，２０１３．［１４］㊀ＭＩＣＨＡＥＬＬＢ，ＮＥＬＥＶ，ＰＡＮＦＩＬＯＶＡＶ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｒ⁃Ｆｒｏｍ⁃ＴａｓａｃｏｍｍｏｎｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆａｒｒｈｙｔｈｍｉａｉｎｉｔｉａｔｉｏｎｉｎｌｏｎｇＱＴｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅｓ［Ｊ］．Ｃｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎ．ＡｒｒｈｙｔｈｍｉａａｎｄＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｐｈｙｓｉｏｌｏｇｙ，２０１９，１２（１２）：１－１５．［１５］㊀李杰强．基于线阵ＣＣＤ的微位移传感器设计与研究［Ｄ］．广州：华南理工大学，２０１２．［１６］㊀刘文倩，沈三民，刘利生，等．基于以太网与ＦＰＧＡ的多通道信号源的系统设计［Ｊ］．仪表技术与传感器，２０１９（１）：３０－３３．［１７］㊀何能正，董建云，何岸．以太网数据包分段传输技术［Ｊ］．光通信技术，２０１３，３７（９）：２４－２７．作者简介：李鹏飞（１９９４ ），硕士研究生，主要研究方向为嵌入式机器视觉㊂Ｅ⁃ｍａｉｌ：ｌｉｐｅｎｇｆｅｉｈｕｆｔ＠１６３．ｃｏｍ通信作者：卢荣胜（１９６３ ），教授，博士生导师，主要从事机器视觉和精密测量等方面的研究㊂Ｅ⁃ｍａｉｌ：ｒｓｌｕ＠ｈｆｕｔ．ｅｄｕ．ｃｎ（上接第７４页）要求变换采集通道数量和采集速率，该分布式数据采集系统具有较好的实用价值㊂参考文献：［１］㊀韩慧．基于ＲＳ４８５总线的温室环境监测系统［Ｊ］．仪表技术与传感器，２０１２（３）：６４－６５．［２］㊀李木国，王延国，孙慧涛．基于ＥｔｈｅｒＣＡＴ总线的串联型分布式据采集系统设计［Ｊ］．计算机测量与控制，２０１６，２４（６）：１９５－１９８．［３］㊀童一飞，王红亮，低功耗ＩＥＰＥ传感器数据采集系统的设计与实现［Ｊ］．电测与仪表，２０１９，５６（５）：１０１－１０４．［４］㊀唐夕晴，李建闽，佘晓烁．ＲＳ４８５总线接口性能测试仪设计与开发［Ｊ］．电测与仪表，２０１８，５６（７）：１４２－１４７．［５］㊀张志，李琮琮，王平欣，等．智能电能表ＲＳ４８５接口设计方案综述［Ｊ］．电测与仪表，２０１５，５３（５）：１２４－１２８．［６］㊀白冰．基于４８５总线的分布式输入输出系统［Ｄ］．天津：天津大学，２０１７．［７］㊀吴平，骆朝亮．基于ＵＳＢ的ＡＤＳ１２５８传感器信号采集系统［Ｊ］．软件导刊，２０１０（６）：６５－６７．［８］㊀金永杰，龙平，熊剑平．２４位高精度模数转换器ＡＤＳ１２５８的原理及应用［Ｊ］．电子设计工程，２００８（６）：６１－６４．［９］㊀王辉，陈爱生．基于ＦＴ２２３２Ｈ的ＵＳＢ２．０数据采集系统设计［Ｊ］．电子器件，２０１５（１）：１４４－１４７．［１０］㊀李超．基于ＦＰＧＡ＋ＵＳＢ２．０高速数据采集系统的研究与设计［Ｄ］．武汉：武汉理工大学，２０１３．［１１］㊀ＴＯＮＧＸＲ，ＳＨＥＮＧＺＢ．ＤｅｓｉｇｎｏｆＵＡＲＴｗｉｔｈＣＲＣｃｈｅｃｋｂａｓｅｄｏｎＦＰＧＡ［Ｊ］．ＡｄｖａｎｃｅｄＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｓＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈ，２０１２，４９０－４９５：１２４１－１２４５．作者简介：陈航（１９９３ ），硕士研究生，研究方向为嵌入式智能仪器㊂Ｅ⁃ｍａｉｌ：６１４４４１５０９＠ｑｑ．ｃｏｍ通信作者：张会新（１９８０ ），博士，副教授，研究方向为动态测试技术与仪器㊂Ｅ⁃ｍａｉｌ：ｚｈａｎｇｈｘ＠ｎｕｃ．ｅｄｕ．ｃｎ。

Distribution/Substation TransformerFunctional Specification GuideType VFI, Vacuum Fault Interrupter Transformer OptionPS202011EN1 of 6 • September 2016 • Supersedes August 2012 (G210-12-VFI)Functional specification for 15 kV, 25 kV, or 35 kV vacuum fault interrupter distribution/substation transformer option1. Scope1.1. This specification is intended to be a supplement to the PS202002EN Distribution Transformer specificationguide when VFI protection is required.1.2. This specification applies to [select: three-phase; single-phase], 50-60 Hz, fully dead front, [select: pad-mounted distribution; substation] transformers. Overcurrent protection shall be accomplished utilizing a resettable vacuum fault interrupter (VFI) which shall be provided with [select: three-phase or single-phase], [select: three-pole ganged or single-phase] operation. [select: The unit shall have provisions for a motor operator to be added; the unit shall have a motor operator; or the unit shall be manually operated].1.3. The VFI unit is to be used for [select: loop protection; transformer protection].1.4. The unit is to be insulated with Envirotemp™ FR3™less-flammable dielectric fluid. The unit shall utilizevacuum interrupters for all fault current interruption such that the dielectric media is not consumed or contaminated by normal operations of the interrupters. The unit shall be designed for installation on a concrete or fiberglass pad at ground level.1.5. The transformer shall use resettable interrupter controls and shall not use fuses.1.6. This specification shall only cover the purchase and shipment of transformers. The purchaser and/or usershall be responsible for all site-work, electrical connections, and installation.2. Applicable Standards2.1. IEEE Std C37.60™-2003 standard – IEEE Standard Requirements for Overhead, Pad-Mounted, Dry Vault,and Submersible Automatic Circuit Reclosers and Fault Interrupters for Alternating Current Systems Up to 38 kV2.2. IEEE Std 386™-1995 standard – Standard for Separable Insulated Connector Systems for PowerDistribution Systems Above 600 V.2.3. IEEE Std C37.90™-1989 standard – IEEE Standard for Relays and Relay Systems Associated with ElectricPower Apparatus.2.4. IEEE Std C37.90.2™-1995 standard – Standard for Withstand Capability of Relay Systems to RadiatedElectromagnetic Interference from Transceivers.2.5. IEEE Std C57.12.00™ standard – Standard for Standard General Requirements for Liquid-ImmersedDistribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers.2.6. IEEE Std C57.12.28™ standard – Pad-Mounted Equipment - Enclosure Integrity.2.7. IEEE Std C57.12.29™ standard - IEEE Standard for Pad-Mounted Equipment - Enclosure Integrity forCoastal Environments – applicable when stainless steel construction is specified.2.8. IEEE Std C57.12.34™ standard– IEEE Standard Requirements for Pad-Mounted, Compartmental-Type,Self-Cooled, Three-Phase Distribution Transformers (2500 kVA and Smaller) - High Voltage:34500GrdY/19920 Volts and Below; Low-Voltage: 480 Volt 2500 kVA and Smaller (issued in March 2005 - combines C57.12.22 and C57.12.26).2.9. IEEE Std C57.12.90™ standard– IEEE Standard Test Code for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, andRegulating Transformers and IEEE Guide for Short-Circuit Testing of Distribution and Power Transformers.2.10. IEEE Std C57.12.91™ standard– Guide for Loading Mineral-Oil-Immersed Transformers.2.11. NEMA TR 1-1993 (R2000) – Transformers, Regulators and Reactors, Table 0-2 Audible Sound Levels forLiquid-Immersed Power Transformers.2.12. NEMA 260-1996 (2004) – Safety Labels for Pad-Mounted Switchgear and Transformers Sited in PublicAreas.2.13. 10 CFR Part 431 – Department of Energy – Energy Conservation Program for Commercial Equipment:Distribution Transformers Energy Conservation Standards; Final Rule.3. RatingsThe transformer Vacuum Fault Interrupter shall be rated* as [select: 15kV (12.5 kA interrupt); 15 kV (16 kA interrupt); 25 kV (12.5 kA interrupt); 35 kV (12.5 kA interrupt)] per the table below.3.1.1. Vacuum Fault InterruptersThe transformer shall incorporate a vacuum fault interrupter for overcurrent protection only, suchthat the major dielectric media is never contaminated by circuit interruption arc products. Thedevice shall interrupt all fault currents up to its maximum rated current of [select (see table inSection 3): 12,500 (15, 25 or 35 kV) or 16,000 (15 kV only) RMS amperes symmetrical]. Theinterrupter shall be manually resettable, with no consumable parts (i.e. fuses). The maximuminterrupting time from issuance of a trip signal from the electronic control shall be 2 cycles.To maximize safety to the operator, the interrupter shall incorporate a trip-free mechanism toprevent the possibility of holding the interrupter mechanism closed under a faulted circuitcondition.The vacuum fault interrupter shall act as a [select: three-phase group operated circuit breaker, or,as three single-phase independent circuit breakers.] The trip mechanisms for each phase shall be[select: mechanically linked and the electronic control shall be set so that an overcurrent conditionon any one phase shall simultaneously trip all three phases, or independent single-phasedevices.] A [select: single operating handle, or three (3) independent handles] shall be providedfor manual opening, reset and closing. The operating handle(s) shall be mounted on the frontplate of the tank in close relation to the VFI being controlled and shall have three distinctoperating positions corresponding to the vacuum fault interrupter positions of closed, open, ort ripped. A pointer attached to the handle shall be provided for ready identification of the handle’sposition. The handle shall be designed for operation with a lineman’s hot stick and have a push toclose / pull to open / pull to reset operation requiring no more than 75 lbs. of force and 60 degreesof movement for complete operation. Except when equipped with the optional motor operator,when the vacuum fault interrupter is tripped by automatic action of the VFI control, the operatinghandle shall drop to an intermediate position between its closed and open positions, to provideindication that it is tripped. The operating handle assembly shall include provisions to padlock thehandle in the open position.4. Electronic Trip Control4.1. Overcurrent sensing shall be accomplished with an electronic trip control that shall be Eaton’s CooperPower series type Tri-Phase Control with Ground (TPG) control.4.2. The control shall use internally mounted 1000:1 bushing current transformers (CTs) to sense line currentand shall also provide the control operating power, eliminating the effects of system voltage conditions. The control shall be self-contained and includes the following:4.2.1. Meet the specified time-current curve immediately upon energization.4.2.2. No “warm-up”, initializa tion, or arming time delays adjustments shall be necessary.4.2.3. No minimum load requirement or battery back-up device shall be necessary to meet the specifiedtime-current characteristics.4.2.4. The control shall have a minimum operating temperature range of -30 ºC to +65 ºC with no morethan a ±5% variation in time-current response characteristics from its response at +25 ºC.4.3. The standard control shall provide minimum phase overcurrent trip settings that are field selectable (in 10amp increments) from 20 amps to 1290 amps. Trip settings may be changed while the transformer isenergized (so service is not interrupted). An instantaneous trip feature shall be provided as a standardfeature of the control. Instantaneous trip shall be a field selectable multiple of 1X, 3X, 5X,...15X times thephase overcurrent trip settings or it may be selected to be disabled. The instantaneous trip feature shallprovide a fixed 0.025-second response time characteristic.4.4. A single time-current curve shall be provided that is common to all three phases. Time-current trip curvesshall be changeable via plug-in Eaton’s Cooper Power series TCC modules. The time-current curveprovided shall be the Cooper Power Systems type [select: for Tri-Phase with Ground – EF, KF, TF, F or Hon phase and ground]), and shall emulate the time-current characteristics of its associated fuse type.4.5. The control and its enclosure shall be mounted on the inside of the cabinet door of the VFI tapcompartment. The control enclosures shall be [Select option: mild steel or stainless steel (as specified forthe unit)] and vented in design to prevent trapping of moisture within the control. The control cabinet shallprovide sufficient space for [select: the future (or present) addition of a SCADA / accessory board that shall be mounted within the same control cabinet assembly as the TPG control.]4.6. TPG Ground Trip Element:The minimum trip selection for each phase element and for ground element shallbe independently settable. Minimum ground trip settings shall be selectable from 10 to 640 amps, in 10 amp increments. A separate instantaneous trip feature shall be provided for ground as a standard feature thatshall provide a selection of 1X, 3X, 5X....15X the ground minimum trip setting for the instantaneous trip pick-up or it may be disabled. The instantaneous trip feature shall provide a fixed 0.025-second response timecharacteristic.4.6.1. The overcurrent trip response time for ground trip shall be governed by a separate time-currentcurve plug-in module.4.6.2. The ground trip sensing portion of the control shall be capable of being de-activated via a groundtrip block switch.4.7. [Select: A SCADA / Accessory board shall be provided that is mounted within the same control cabinetassembly. This accessory shall include its own battery backup utilizing long life lithium batteries as required to support proper activation of the inrush restraint feature upon power up from a de-energized state and for proper operation of the trip indication targets. This accessory shall provide:4.7.1. A minimum trip multiplier feature that shall be activated by a separate toggle switch located withinthe control housing. This feature shall allow normal minimum trip levels for each phase and groundto be raised from 1.1X to 13.7X their normal setting while this feature is active. This multiplier shallbe field selectable and shall be independently settable for each phase and for ground. A contactoutput shall be supplied for remote status indication.4.7.2. An inrush restraint feature that shall allow the control to automatically raise the set minimum triplevels for phase and ground to a field selectable multiple of 1X to 32X, in increments of 1X, for aselectable time interval of 0.5 to 32 seconds, in increments of 0.5 seconds. The feature shall alsohave the field selectable provision to block ground trip during the interval that the inrush restraint isactive.4.7.3. Trip indication targets shall be provided on the circuit board with separate targets for each phaseand ground. After a trip event, these targets shall give visual indication where the fault occurred.The phase target shall reset after restoration of line current in the affected phase. The ground targetshall reset after restoration of current in any phase. Contacts for remote indication of a trip eventshall be provided for each phase and ground.4.7.4. A separate ground trip block toggle switch shall be provided within the control enclosure to alloweasy activation of ground trip when a known phase unbalance condition will be created due toswitching or maintenance operations that may cause an unwanted ground trip. A contact shall beprovided for remote status indication of the switch.4.7.5. A separate three-pole toggle switch shall be provided within the control enclosure that shall functionas a CT shorting switch. This toggle switch shall allow the operator to easily de-energize the controlfor maintenance, or disable the control from sensing and tripping on over-currents. A contact shallbe provided for remote status indication of the switch.5. [Select:Optional Features] (One or Multiple Selections can be made)5.1. [Select: Motor Operator Mounting Provisions]5.1.1. When specified, the VFI transformer shall be provided with mounting provisions for future additionof motor operators. The provisions shall include auxiliary switches wit h one “a” and one “b” contact,mounting studs for motor operator mounting brackets, switch operating handles with provision forattachment to motor operators, studs and channels for routing cable connections to the future motoroperator control, stud mounting provisions.5.2. [Select: Motor Operators]5.2.1. When specified, a DC motor operator, with control shall be supplied for the VFI transformer. Theunit shall include all standard motor operator mounting provisions specified above. The motoroperator shall utilize 24-Vdc motor actuators to open and close the respective VFI. The timerequired to open or close the VFI shall be approximately 8 seconds. The motor control shall beequipped with a 2.5 amp-hour sealed lead acid gel-cell battery to supply energy to activate themotor operator and control functions. Battery charge shall be maintained by a temperature/voltageregulated charger within the motor control that shall be capable of fully re-charging a low batterywithin 24 hours.The motor control shall utilize a user supplied 120-Vac two-wire grounded supply. [optional: Thecontrol shall also have provisions for accepting a second, alternate 120-Vac supply and shallprovide a transfer relay to transfer to the alternate supply if the primary 120-Vac supply is lost.] If apotential transformer for power supply to the motor control has been specified, the unit shall beprovided with all necessary wiring factory installed.The motor control shall include the following features:∙Open, Close, and Stop pushbuttons shall be provided for operation of the motor actuator.∙Open and Closed indicating lights shall be provided to indicate status of the VFI. These status lights shall use auxiliary switch inputs from the source VFI to determine open orclosed status.∙Opening and closing indicating lights shall be provided to verify that the motor actuator is in process of opening or closing a switch. A lamp test pushbutton shall be provided to confirmthat indicating lights are functional∙ A Power On/Off toggle switch shall be provided that shall disconnect the dc voltage supply from the control and the motor actuator and shall function as a dc circuit breaker to interruptthe dc supply in the event of a short circuit or overload.∙An indicator shall be provided to verify that 120-Vac power is present and that the battery charging circuit is providing a charging voltage to the battery. A battery test pushbuttonshall be supplied with test points to apply a voltmeter for testing the condition of the battery.∙ A Local/Remote toggle switch shall be provided. In the Local position, the switch shall allow operation of the motor actuator by the pushbuttons on the control panel only and shall notallow remote or SCADA operation. In the Remote position, the switch shall only respond tothe remote or SCADA operation of the motor actuator.∙The control shall include a terminal strip for connection to SCADA or remote controlequipment. The terminal strip shall have connections for reading the Open/Closed status ofthe VFI, initiating a Open or Close operation via a momentary dry contact, and reading theOpening/Closing status of the motor actuator as it performs the required operation.∙[select: The control shall also include provisions to add a hand-held extended controlaccessory and an interconnecting cable (length to be specified, maximum is 200 ft.). Thisaccessory shall provide the same motor selection and operating pushbuttons as the maincontrol that is mounted with the transformer so as to temporarily allow operation of themotor actuator from a more remote and convenient location.]5.3. [Select: Visible Break Window]5.3.1.1. The contacts of the visible break switch will be clearly visible through a 4” x 11” view window.5.4. [Select: Open/Closed Semaphores]5.4.1. When specified, an Open (green) /Closed (red) semaphore shall be provided for each way, whichshall indicate the open or closed status of the vacuum fault interrupter. The semaphore shall bevisible through a window on the tank in direct logical proximity to the operating handle of its faultinterrupter.5.5. [Select: Kirk-Key Interlock Provisions]5.5.1. When specified, mounting provisions for Kirk key interlocks shall be provided on each switched andVFI protected way. The actual interlocking key scheme and the interlocks will be furnished by thepurchaser.5.6. [Select: Auxiliary Switches]5.6.1. When specified, the VFI shall be provided with [select: one set; two sets] of stage “a” and “b”auxiliary switches for the purpose of remote indication of status. These auxiliary switches shall berated for 15-amps @ 120-Vac / 1-amp @ 125-Vdc and wired to an external terminal strip.5.7. [Select: Partial Range Current Limiting Fuses in series with VFI]5.7.1. When specified, the VFI shall be provided with separate partial range current limiting fuse. The VFIwill be connected in series with the partial range current limiting fuse. The partial range currentlimiting fuse will provide protection up to 50 kA.6. Quality Assurance6.1. The manufacturer shall be a company specializing in medium voltage distribution transformers with at leastfifteen years of documented experience.6.2. Equipment shall be built in accordance with the industry standards for medium voltage equipment.6.3. The manufacturer shall be registered and certified as ISO 9001 compliant by a recognized international andindependent body.7. Approved ManufacturersEaton’s Cooper Power series Type VFI Vacuum Fault Interrupter TransformerEnvirotemp™ and FR3™ are licensed trademarks of Cargill, Incorporated.。