8-3-Implementing Dynamic IPv6 Addresses

IPV6 USAGE WITH VARIOUS OPERATING SYSTEMSSeptember 2007By: Michael Linane, Dell Inc., Tape and Automation DevelopmentNeil Ozarkar, Dell Inc., Tape Drive Development Jeremy Rimer, Dell Inc., Enterprise Test OperationsScope and DisclaimerTHIS WHITE PAPER IS FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY, AND MAY CONTAIN TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS AND TECHNICAL INACCURACIES. THE CONTENT IS PROVIDED AS IS, WITHOUT EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND.Trademark AcknowledgementsDell and PowerEdge are trademarks of Dell Inc. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Other trademarks and trade names may be used in this document to refer to either the entities claiming the marks and names or their products. Dell disclaims proprietary interest in the marks and names of others.TABLE OF CONTENTSPurpose (4)Introduction to IPv6 (4)Brief Description of IPv6 (4)Comparison of IPv4 & IPv6 (4)IPv6 Notation (4)Uses With Various Operating Systems (5)In Microsoft Windows 2000 (5)In Microsoft Windows XP (5)In Microsoft Vista (6)In Microsoft's (Newest) Unreleased OS (6)In Linux (6)PURPOSEThe purpose of this whitepaper IS NOT to describe in detail the benefits and features of IPv6 or to delve into the minutiae of the bit- or stack-level details of the specification or implementation. The purpose IS to highlight some of the usage differences/nuances Dell Storage discovered while implementing IPv6 in our Tape Automation products (PV124T, TL2000/TL4000, and ML6000). The usage statements below are largely in the context of accessing the RMU (Remote Management Unit) screens of these products, but are generally applicable.INTRODUCTION TO IPv6Brief Description of IPv6A simple internet search on “IPv6” will return nearly countless results. Some useful ones include: //wiki/IPv6/msripv6//univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/ipv6.htm and many, many more.In a nutshell, IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) is the successor to the most common Internet Protocol today (IPv4). This is largely driven by the fact that IPv4’s 32-bit address is quickly being consumed by the ever-expanding sites and products on the internet. IPv6’s 128-bit address space should not have this problem for the foreseeable future. Additionally, the industry expects the US Federal government to start requiring IPsec (IP security) as part of the IPv6 requirements after June 30th 2008 in their RFQs for most products.Comparison of IPv4 & IPv6IPv6 NotationIPv6 addresses, in addition to being longer, are distinguished from IPv4 addresses by the use of colons (:) [exceptions below]. An IPv4 address is noted by 4 sets of decimal numbers separated by periods (.), e.g., 192.168.22.12. IPv6 addresses are 8 4-digit hexadecimal digits separated by colons (:), e.g., 3001:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0b0b. IPv6 also allows for some “short hand” by eliminating leading zeros and replacing blocks of zeros (:0000:) with double colons (::).FeatureIPv4 IPv6 CommentAddress Space 32-bit 128-bit IPv6 offers virtually unlimited addresses Address Type Class A Class B Class C … Unicast Multicast Anycast Auto-configuration Windows only Stateless Packet size 64KB4GBE.g., 3001:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0b0b is equivalent to 3001::b0b. There are some limitations such as only one (1) double colon (::) may be used in an address. Please refer to the internet articles (hyperlinks above) for more in-depth descriptions.USES WITH VARIOUS OPERATING SYSTEMSUse in Microsoft Windows 2000IPv6 is available using Windows 2000 by installing the IPv6 Technology Preview package. This package has no support from Microsoft, though it will add an IPv6 protocol to Windows 2000’s network stack.Use in Microsoft Windows 2003/XPIPv6 support in Windows 2003 is not turned on by default. Use the following instructions to enable IPv6 support.• Go to “Control Panel” -> “Network Connections”, and right-click on the Local Area Connection interface that is to be enabled with IPv6 support.• Select “Properties” from the drop-down menu, and the “Local Area Connection Properties” window should open. Click on the “Install” button.• In the new “Select Network Component Type” window, select “Protocol” and click on the “Add” button.• In the “Select Network Protocol” window, select “Microsoft TCP/IP version 6” and click on the “Ok” button. IPv6 is now enabled.Windows 2003 and XP come with a WinINet.dll API that does not fully support literal IPv6 addresses in URLs. Upgrading to Internet Explorer 7 in Windows 2003 is recommended for IPv6 browser support as the WinINet API is updated with the installation of Internet Explorer 7. Third party browsers (such as Firefox) also use the WinINet API either directly or indirectly, so an upgrade to IE7 will be recommended for all users.As multiple IPv6 addresses can be assigned to one physical interface, Windows 2003 and XP use an interface number associated with each link-local IPv6 address that must be included for connectivity via a link-local IPv6 address. The interface number must then be appended to any outgoing link-local IPv6 traffic; otherwise the IPv6 packet does not know from which logical interface to egress.• The interface number can be determined through the command line of Windows.o Go to Start -> Run and type “cmd” to enter the command prompt.o At the command prompt, type “ipconfig” and find the IPv6 address. Appended to the end of this will be a “%x” where x is the interface number.• Browser connectivityo An IPv6 address is not be entered into a browser window the same way an IPv4 address is. There are two (2) methods for doing so:After upgrading the WinInet API (by upgrading to IE 7), the library RMUcan be accessed by the link-local IPv6 address from the browser byusing the following format:• Replace all “:” with “-“• Append “s<Interface #>” to the end of the IPv6address.• For example, if the IPv6 address is “fe80::1234:5678:abc” andthe interface number is “13”, the address to browse to would beAnother alternative to this would be to edit the “HOSTS” file in the<Windows Base Directory>\system32\drivers\etc\ directory by adding thefollowing line: “fe80::1234:5678:abc%13 <hostname>”.• The address to browse to would be http://<hostname>/• Note that the interface number can change with a reboot of theWindows host, and the “HOSTS” file entry will need to bemodified to point to the appropriate interface number should thisoccur.o For global-unicast addressing, the RMU is browser accessible using the following convention:http://[<IPv6 address>]/, where <IPv6 address> is a non-link-local IPv6address.Use in Microsoft VistaVista natively supports IPv6. Also, interface numbers are predicted in Windows Vista. All that is needed to browse to an address would be to add brackets (“[]”) around the IPv6 address. Thus, if the IPv6 address is “fe80::1234:5678:abc”, enter http://[fe80::1234:5678:abc] into the browser window.(Preview) Use in Microsoft’s newest (unreleased) OSWindows Server 2008 also natively supports IPv6. As with Vista, interface numbers are predicted in Windows Server 2008. All that is needed to browse to an address would be to add brackets (“[]”) around the IPv6 address. Thus, if the IPv6 address is “fe80::1234:5678:abc”, enterhttp://[fe80::1234:5678:abc] into the browser window.Use in LinuxWhile IPv6 is supported under Linux, IPv6 link-local literals are not currently supported in Linux browsers, so the RMU will not be accessible in Linux via IPv6 link-local addresses. Other types of IPv6 addresses are supported using Firefox browser 2.0.0.4 and beyond.© Copyright 2007 Dell Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of Dell Inc. is strictly forbidden. For more information, please contact Dell.。

ipv6的协议格式IPv6的协议格式如下：IPv6报头包括以下字段：- 版本（Version）：4位字段，指定IPv6协议的版本号，固定为0110（二进制）。

- 流量类别（Traffic Class）：8位字段，用于区分和优先处理不同类型的数据流。

- 流标签（Flow Label）：20位字段，用于标识一组数据包，以实现对数据流的流级别的服务质量（Quality of Service, QoS）。

- 负载长度（Payload Length）：16位字段，指定IPv6报文的负载长度，不包括IPv6报头的长度。

- 下一个报头（Next Header）：8位字段，指定在IPv6报头之后所跟随的上层协议类型。

- 跳数限制（Hop Limit）：8位字段，类似于IPv4中的生存时间（Time To Live, TTL），它限制了一个IPv6数据报可经过的最大路由跳数。

源地址（Source Address）和目标地址（Destination Address）：每个地址为128位，使用IPv6的地址表示方式。

IPv6报头之后的每个扩展报头都有相同的格式：- 下一个报头（Next Header）：8位字段，指定在当前扩展报头之后所跟随的下一个报头类型。

- 扩展报头长度（Header Extensions Length）：8位字段，指定该扩展报头的长度，不包括下一个报头的长度。

- 扩展报头特定的字段：具体与每个扩展报头相关的特定字段。

最后的上层协议数据：根据下一个报头字段指定的类型，可以是TCP、UDP、ICMPv6等。

总之，IPv6的协议格式相比IPv4更为简洁和灵活，支持更长的地址空间、更好的网络性能和更强的安全性。

电气警告
• 维修此设备时，可能需要拆下其保护盖并连接公用电源。请在执行这些步骤的过程中十分谨慎。 • 检查电源线、插头和插座是否状况良好。 • RAL 设备：“设备适合安装在限制接近的位置”。
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安全说明
请妥善保存这些说明。本手册包含一些重要说明，在安装和维护 ATS 过程中应加以遵循。
本手册中介绍的伊顿 ATS 型号适合安装在温度介于 40°C/104°F（EATS30H、EATS30P）到 35°C/95°F (EATS30N) 之间且不存在导电污染物的环境中。
认证标准
• 安规：UL (US) (UL 60950) CE (EU) (IEC 60950) PSE (JP) • EMI：CISPR 22 A 类和 FCC A 类 • EMS：
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CCIE的考试对于新人来说是比较神秘的,CCIE不像CCNA/CCNP的考试，有官方制定的专门性的教材，CCIE的考试，只列举了个大纲(blueprint)，和一些推荐的book list，就没别的了。

因此很多人也因此无从下手。

本文只探讨如何去备考CCIE考试，不探讨CCIE的价值观。

CCIE考试推荐书籍一、IP Routing部分1.《Routing TCP/IP,Volume I》：这本书是讲IGP的经典书籍，只是实验所需求的设备太多，但是它上面的case却是超好。

这本书是必看bible! 有电子版2.《Cisco OSPF Command and Configuration Handbook》：这本书用来做OSPF的分解实验，OSPF是CCIE Lab考试中IGP的一个大头。

这本书以最少的设备需求满足了最大的实验环境。

有电子版3.《Internet Routing Architectures,2nd edition>或< IP，Volume TCP II》：前者是Halabi写的，BGP的理论讲的很经典，命令和配置方面有所欠缺.也可以选择Jeff的《Routing IP,Volume>4.《Cisco BGP-4 Command and Configuration Handbook》：这本书用来做BGP的分解实验，BGP是CCIE Lab考试中EGP的一个大头。

这本书以最少的设备需求满足了最大的实验环境。

有电子版5.OSPF和BGP都搞定之后，还有别的像RIPv2，EIGRP，IS-IS等路由协议，这类协议的分解实验，去上查文档，标题诸如《Cisco IOS IP Command Reference,Volume 2 of 3: Routing Protocols Release 12.2》。

里面把每种考试涉及到的路由协议的命令全讲解一遍。

自己构思拓扑，把每条命令都搞熟练，不要放过任何一条，CCIE Lab考试很BT 的!当然，别告诉我你不知道如何在上查文档。