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英文文献综述标准范文A comprehensive review of English literature。
Introduction。
The field of English literature is vast and diverse, encompassing a wide range of genres, periods, and styles. A comprehensive review of English literature is essential for understanding the development and evolution of the discipline. This paper aims to provide a standard sample of an English literature review, covering key aspects of the field and highlighting important works and authors.Historical overview。
English literature has a rich and complex history, with roots dating back to the early medieval period. The development of English literature can be traced through various literary movements, such as the Renaissance, Romanticism, and Modernism. Each period has its own distinct characteristics and themes, reflecting the social, political, and cultural context of the time.Key themes and genres。
英文文献文章English Version:Title: Navigating the World of Academic LiteratureAcademic literature serves as the backbone of scholarly communication, providing a platform for researchers to share their findings, insights, and perspectives. It plays a crucial role in the advancement of knowledge and the dissemination of research.One of the key features of academic literature is its meticulous documentation and citation practices. This ensures that the work is transparent, verifiable, and contributes to the existing body of knowledge. Authors are expected to adhere to strict guidelines when it comes to formatting, referencing, and presenting their research to maintain a standard of academic integrity.The process of engaging with academic literature begins with a thorough review of existing publications. This often involves sifting through numerous articles, journals, and databases to identify relevant studies. Databases such as JSTOR, PubMed, and Google Scholar are invaluable resources for researchers looking to build a foundation of understanding in their field.As researchers delve deeper into their topic, they often encounter a variety of writing styles and methodologies. The ability to critically evaluate the sources and extract pertinent information is an essential skill. It is also important to recognize the cultural and linguistic nuances that may be present in literature from different regions.When reading academic literature, it's important to take notes and summarize key points. This not only aids in comprehension but also serves as a reference for future work. Highlighting, annotating, and creating a structured summary are common practices that help in synthesizing the information.The ultimate goal of academic literature is to contribute to the ongoing dialogue within a particular discipline. By publishing their research, authors hope to stimulate further inquiry, debate, and innovation. The impact of a piece of literature is often measured by its citations, reviews, and the influence it has on subsequent studies.In conclusion, academic literature is a vital component of the research landscape.It requires a commitment to严谨的研究和批判性思维，but the rewards of engaging with this rich source of knowledge are immense.Chinese Translation:标题：探索学术文献的世界学术文献是学术交流的支柱，为研究人员提供了一个分享他们的发现、见解和观点的平台。
Chapter 2. Introduction2.1Introduction to Introduction2.2Build a Model of Introduction2.3Establishing the Narrowed Research Topic2.4Establish the Need/Gap2.5State the Purpose of Your Research2.6State Value of Research2.7Outline the Research2.8Moves and Steps of Introduction2.9Tenses in Introduction2.10Exercises2. _______________________________________________________________Suppose you were writing an article titled “A novel vacuum cleaning and floor mopping robot”. How d o you plan to write the Introduction part? Brainstorm with your teammates and write d own a list of the key information.three questions:1.How do writers normally start the Introduction?2.What type of information shoul d be in my Introduction, and in what order?1.__________ What is the context of this problem?2.__________ Why is this research important?3.__________ What is the gap in our knowledge this research will fill?4.__________ What steps will we take to try and fill this gap or improve the situation?5.__________ Is the study limited to a specific geographical area or to only certain aspects of the situation?6.__________ Is there any factor, condition or circumstance that prevents the researcher from achieving all his/herobjectives?7.__________ In considering his/her method, model, formulation or approach, d oes the researcher take certainconditions, states, requirements for granted?research problem.•Do I introduce the topic in the first sentence?••••your work explores an area/issue/question that has previously not been explored, or not been explored in detail, in not explored in the way that you are going to use. There are four ways to demonstrate that you are adding to the•••••--claiming centrality (why this field of study is important) AND/OR --moving from general to specific AND/OR--reviewing relevant items of previous research AND/OR--describing the background AND/OR--definition of key words•Move 2: _________________________--indicating a gap OR--raising a question OR--continuing a previously developed line of inquiry OR--counter-claiming (disagreeing with an existing/accepted approach) •Move 3: _________________________--outlining purpose/setting objectives AND/OR--announcing present research (methodology) AND/OR--announcing principal findings (results) AND/OR________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________∙Too much detail, and hence too long.∙Repetition of words, phrases or ideas.∙Unclear problem definition.∙Poor organization.Now review your list of Introduction for the article “A novel vacuum cleaning and floor mopping robot”. How d o you improve it into a better one?often used in the opening sentences. For example:1.Tungsten is a heavy metal with several unique physical and mechanical properties. (Effects of tungsten onenvironmental systems, Nikolay Strigul, et. al.)2.When analyzing hydraulic networks, it is usually possible to identify three types of variables. (FuzzyApproach for Analysis of Pipe Networks, Roberto Revelli and Luca Ridolfi, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1.Earlier studies carried out on 0.5 Cr-0.5Mo-0.25V steel showed notch strengthening for shallow notches andtendency towards notch weakening for sharp notches. (Effect of Multiaxial State of Stress on Creep Rupture Behaviour of 2.25Cr-1 Mo Steel, Sunil Goyal et al. / Procedia Engineering 55 ( 2013 ) 510 – 516)2.However, the vast majority of these studies have been confined to suspensions with millimeter- ormicron-sized particles. (Mechanisms of heat flow in suspensions of nano-sized particles (nanofluids), P.Keblinski, et. al. , International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 45 (2002) 855-863)3.Nair (1982) notes in his study that another one of the reasons for lack of widespread use of more rigorousmathematical programming techniques is that is sometimes difficult (if not impossible) to isolate a problem for optimization using this technique. (A Practicing Engineer's View at Benchmark Problems in Structural Optimization, K. Mueller, et. al., 20th Analysis & Computation Specialty Conference) (computer science) Note that comparable options exist in the clauses.1.The effects of tungsten on environmental systems have not been investigated extensively and publisheddata are fragmentary. (Effects of tungsten on environmental systems, Nikolay Strigul, et. al.)(environment engineering)2.Radaj [9] developed a n approach based on Neuber’s micro-structural support hypothesis by suggesting anadditional fictitious radius r f at the notch, which allows the local stress to be analyzed directly withoutrequiring a stress concentration factor or fatigue notch factor [8]. (Fatigue strength assessment of Invar alloy weld joints using the notch stress approach, D.J. Oh, J.M. Lee, M.H. Kim, Engineering Failure Analysis 42 (2014) 87–99)(material mechanics)3.Rigorous mathematical programming optimization techniques are well established and numerous authorshave attempted to apply these techniques to practical structural engineering design problems with varying degrees of success. (A Practicing Engineer's View at Benchmark Problems in Structural Optimization, K.Mueller, et. al., 20th Analysis & Computation Specialty Conference)(computer science)4.It has long been recognized that suspensions of solid particles in liqids have great potential as improvedheat-management fluids. (Mechanisms of heat flow in suspensions of nano-sized particles (nanofluids), P.accidently.1.This paper presents a model-based input-output synchronizing technique for reducing sense axismeasurement drift resulted from the mechanical structure imperfections. (Input-Output Synchronization for Bias Drift Reduction of MEMS Gyroscopes, Afshin Izadian, et. al., 2008 American Control Conference) (electronic and automatic control)2.In accomplishing these two tasks, this paper hopes to point out how two modeling approaches initiallyappearing very similar are in fact qualitatively different.(Wong, C. (2014) A Novel Operational Partition between Neural Network Classifiers on Vulnerability to Data Mining Bias. Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 7, 264-272.) (software engineering)You may ask whether you should use is, was,has been, or will be when you describe the present research. Indeed, both is and was is used in the Introduction. Very rarely can has been or will be appear.1.In this study, a fatigue assessment for various welded joints of Invar alloy in an LNG carrier was performedusing the notch stress approach. (Fatigue strength assessment of Invar alloy weld joints using the notch stress approach, D.J. Oh, J.M. Lee, M.H. Kim, Engineering Failure Analysis 42 (2014) 87–99)(material mechanics)2.Next, common structural engineering design and analysis software packages in the design office arediscussed, along with optimization techniques “built in” to the software. (A Practicing Engineer's View at Benchmark Problems in Structural Optimization, K. Mueller, et. al., 20th Analysis & Computation Specialty Conference) (computer science)3.To clarify the differences and similarities in each discipline, this study will examine the major academicvariations within the data mining field in relation to keywords, articles, books, courses offered, textbooks taught, and soft-ware used.( Data Mining Technology across Academic Disciplines, Lesley Farmer, et. al., Intelligent Information Management, 2011, 3, 43-48)(software engineering)4.In the present investigation, effect of notch on creep behaviour of 2.25Cr-1 Mo steel has been studied. Thedifferent notch acuities have been introduced to study the multiaxial state of stress. The creep rupture of the material under multiaxial state of stress has been explained based on the stress distribution around the notch estimated using FE analysis. (material science)Note that using the Past Simple tense when you present the results in the Introduction means that the findings are linked only to the present research, while using the Present Simple tense means that you believe your finding are convincing enough to be considered as accepted facts.1.After three semesters of use of this architecture we found that we could archive a single integratedarchitecture that would serve both courses. (VLabNet: The Integrated Design of Hands-on Learning in Information Security and Networking, Valerie J. H. Powell, et. al., Information Security CurriculumDevelopment Conference’2007)(computer science)2.With our multi-scale feature sharing network, we achieve the state-of-the-art performance (97:3%) on LFWbenchmark. (Learning Deep Face Representation, Haoqiang Fan, et. al., ) (electronic and automatic control)(1) Establish the topic: _____________________________________(2) General research problem: _____________________________________(3) Brief overview of previous research _____________________________________(4) Establish the gap: _____________________________________(5) The purpose of the research: _____________________________________2.Identify the moves and steps by the model of the Introduction to test if it complies with them.3.What do you think the structure of Introduction is like? Why is Introduction shaped like this?。
Ladies and gentlemen,Good morning/afternoon/evening. Today, I am honored to share with you a comprehensive literature review on the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the healthcare industry. The rapid advancements in AI technology have sparked a revolution in various sectors, and healthcare is no exception. In this presentation, I will delve into the key findings from recent studies and discuss the potential benefits and challenges associated with AI integration in healthcare.IntroductionArtificial intelligence refers to the simulation of human intelligencein machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. Over the past few years, AI has made significant strides in healthcare, offering innovative solutions to improve patient care, optimize operational efficiency, and revolutionize medical research. This presentation aims to explore the current state of AI in healthcare, its potential benefits, and the challenges that lie ahead.1. AI in Diagnostics and ScreeningOne of the most prominent applications of AI in healthcare is in diagnostics and screening. AI algorithms have been developed to analyze medical images, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI, with a high degree of accuracy. A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) reported that AI-driven algorithms could outperform radiologists in identifying pulmonary nodules in chest X-rays.Moreover, AI has been employed in screening for diseases like breast cancer, skin cancer, and diabetes. A study published in Nature Medicine demonstrated that AI could identify early signs of breast cancer in mammograms with greater accuracy than human radiologists. These findings suggest that AI has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce the rate of misdiagnosis.2. AI in Treatment and Personalized MedicineAI has also made significant contributions to treatment and personalized medicine. By analyzing vast amounts of patient data, AI algorithms can identify the most effective treatment plans for individual patients. A study published in the journal Nature Biotechnology reported that AI-driven treatment plans improved patient outcomes in glioblastoma, a type of brain cancer.Furthermore, AI has the potential to revolutionize drug discovery and development. By predicting how different drugs will interact with target proteins, AI can accelerate the drug discovery process and reduce the time and cost associated with bringing new medications to market.3. AI in Operational Efficiency and Patient CareIn addition to improving diagnostics and treatment, AI can enhance operational efficiency and patient care in healthcare facilities. AI-driven chatbots and virtual assistants can provide patients with real-time support, answer their queries, and schedule appointments. A study published in the journal Health Affairs found that AI-driven chatbots could reduce the workload of healthcare providers and improve patient satisfaction.Furthermore, AI can optimize resource allocation by predicting patient inflow and resource requirements. This can lead to better management of hospital beds, staff, and equipment, ultimately improving patient care outcomes.4. Challenges and Ethical ConsiderationsWhile the potential benefits of AI in healthcare are significant, there are several challenges and ethical considerations that need to be addressed. One of the main concerns is the potential for bias in AI algorithms. If the training data is biased, the AI system may make incorrect or discriminatory decisions.Another challenge is the need for robust data privacy and security measures. As AI systems require access to vast amounts of patient data, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of this information is crucial. Additionally, there is a risk of job displacement forhealthcare professionals, as AI technology could automate certain tasks that were previously performed by humans.ConclusionIn conclusion, the integration of artificial intelligence in healthcare has the potential to revolutionize the way we diagnose, treat, and manage diseases. From improving diagnostic accuracy to enhancing operational efficiency, AI offers a wide range of benefits. However, it is essential to address the challenges and ethical considerations associated with AI in healthcare to ensure that its integration is safe, effective, and equitable.As we continue to explore the possibilities of AI in healthcare, it is crucial for researchers, healthcare professionals, and policymakers to work together to maximize the benefits of this technology while mitigating its risks. By doing so, we can pave the way for a future where AI enhances the quality of life for patients worldwide.Thank you for your attention, and I welcome any questions you may have regarding the literature review on AI in healthcare.。
英文文献剖析范文The study of English literature has long been a cornerstone of academic curriculums around the world. As a vast and multifaceted field, it encompasses the analysis and interpretation of a wide range of written works, from classic novels and poetry to contemporary plays and short stories. At its core, the examination of English literature provides invaluable insights into the human experience, allowing us to delve into the depths of the human condition, explore diverse perspectives, and gain a deeper understanding of the cultural, historical, and social contexts that have shaped the written word.One of the primary objectives of analyzing English literature is to uncover the deeper meanings and underlying themes that lie within the text. This process often involves a close reading of the work, where scholars and students scrutinize the language, symbolism, and narrative structure to identify the author's intentions and the broader significance of the work. By examining the literary devices employed, the character development, and the thematic elements, researchers can gain a more nuanced appreciation for the complexities and subtleties inherent in the written word.Moreover, the study of English literature extends far beyond the confines of the text itself. Scholars often situate the work within its historical and cultural context, exploring the sociopolitical, economic, and philosophical influences that may have shaped the author's perspective and the reception of the text. This contextual analysis is crucial in understanding the broader significance of a literary work and its impact on the cultural landscape.For instance, the novels of Charles Dickens, renowned for their vivid depictions of Victorian-era London, provide a window into the social and economic inequalities of the time. By examining Dickens' works through this lens, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of the marginalized and underprivileged members of society, as well as the broader societal issues that were at the forefront of public discourse.Similarly, the poetry of the Harlem Renaissance, a pivotal cultural movement in the early 20th century, offers a powerful expression of the African American experience, grappling with themes of racial identity, social justice, and the search for self-actualization. By analyzing these works within their historical context, scholars can uncover the ways in which literature has served as a vehicle for marginalized voices to assert their agency and challenge the dominant narratives.Beyond the exploration of historical and cultural contexts, the study of English literature also involves the application of various critical theories and analytical frameworks. From feminist and postcolonial approaches to Marxist and psychoanalytic interpretations, these theoretical lenses provide scholars with a diverse array of tools to interrogate the text and uncover new layers of meaning.For instance, a feminist reading of Virginia Woolf's "A Room of One's Own" might focus on the ways in which the author challenges patriarchal structures and advocates for the recognition of women's intellectual and creative capacities. Conversely, a postcolonial analysis of Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" could examine the text's underlying assumptions about race, power, and the colonial enterprise.The richness and complexity of English literature also lend themselves to interdisciplinary approaches, where scholars draw upon insights from fields such as history, sociology, psychology, and philosophy to enrich their understanding of the written word. This interdisciplinary dialogue not only broadens the scope of literary analysis but also encourages a more holistic and nuanced understanding of the human experience as reflected in the literary canon.Furthermore, the study of English literature has profound implications for our understanding of language and communication. By closely examining the ways in which authors manipulate language to convey meaning, scholars can gain valuable insights into the power of words, the construction of narratives, and the role of rhetoric in shaping our perceptions and beliefs.Through the close reading and analysis of literary texts, students and researchers can develop a heightened sensitivity to the nuances of language, the subtleties of tone and voice, and the ways in which language can be used to both reflect and shape the human experience. This linguistic awareness can then be applied to a wide range of contexts, from literary criticism to professional writing and communication.In conclusion, the study of English literature is a multifaceted and dynamic field of inquiry that offers a wealth of insights into the human condition. By examining the written word through various critical lenses, scholars and students can gain a deeper understanding of the cultural, historical, and social forces that have shaped the literary canon, while also developing a more nuanced appreciation for the power of language and the role of literature in shaping our collective understanding of the world around us. As we continue to engage with and analyze the rich tapestry of English literature, we can expect to uncover new perspectives, challengeexisting assumptions, and expand the boundaries of our intellectual and creative horizons.。
英文文献解读Reading academic literature in English can be a daunting task, especially for those not accustomed to the specialized language and complex sentence structures. However, with patience and the right approach, it becomes a gateway to a wealth of knowledge.Firstly, it's crucial to understand the context and the field of study the document pertains to. This initial understanding sets the stage for a deeper dive into the material. Familiarizing oneself with key terms and concepts is the first step towards grasping the content.Next, skimming the document is a strategic move. By quickly going through the headings, subheadings, and conclusions, one can get a sense of the structure and main points without getting bogged down in the details.As you delve deeper, take notes of the arguments presented, the evidence provided, and the conclusions drawn. This not only helps in retaining information but also in identifying the author's perspective and the study's implications.Critical thinking is essential when interpreting English literature. Questioning the methodology, evaluating the evidence, and considering alternative viewpoints enriches one's understanding and appreciation of the work.Lastly, engaging with the literature by discussing itwith peers or mentors can offer new insights and perspectives. This collaborative approach can demystify complex ideas and solidify one's comprehension.In summary, interpreting English academic literature is a multifaceted process that involves understanding context, skimming for structure, noting key points, applying critical thinking, and engaging in discussion. It is a skill that,with practice, can greatly enhance one's academic and professional pursuits.。
Introduction:With the rapid development of technology, social media has become an integral part of our daily lives. Teenagers, being the most active users of social media, are exposed to various online content and interactions. This study aims to analyze the impact of social media on teenagers' mental health and explore the potential consequences of excessive social media use.Methodology:The study adopted a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data. A sample of 200 teenagers aged between 13 and 19 years was selected through convenience sampling. The participants were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire that measured their social media usage patterns, mental health status, and demographics. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted with a subset of the participants to gain a deeper understanding of their experiences with social media and its impact on their mental health.Results:The results revealed that social media usage among teenagers is significantly associated with their mental health. The following key findings were observed:1. Increased anxiety and depression: Teenagers who reported higherlevels of social media usage exhibited higher levels of anxiety and depression. This could be attributed to the constant exposure to idealized images and lifestyles portrayed on social media platforms, leading to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem.2. Sleep disturbances: Excessive social media use, particularly before bedtime, was found to disrupt sleep patterns among teenagers. This could be due to the blue light emitted by screens, which inhibits the production of melatonin, the hormone responsible for regulating sleep.3. Cyberbullying: Social media has become a platform for cyberbullying, with teenagers experiencing emotional and psychological abuse online.This has severe consequences on their mental health, leading to increased levels of anxiety, depression, and even suicidal thoughts.4. Social isolation: Despite being connected through social media, teenagers may experience social isolation due to the superficial nature of online interactions. This can lead to a lack of genuine connections and support, further exacerbating mental health issues.Conclusion:The study concludes that social media usage has a significant impact on teenagers' mental health. Increased anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, cyberbullying, and social isolation are some of the potential consequences of excessive social media use. It is crucial for parents, educators, and policymakers to be aware of these risks and take proactive measures to promote healthy social media habits among teenagers. Furthermore, social media platforms should be held accountable for their role in fostering a positive online environment and addressing issues such as cyberbullying and the spread of harmful content.Keywords: Social media, teenagers, mental health, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, cyberbullying, social isolation。
英文文献剖析范文English:When analyzing English literature, it is important to consider the context in which the work was written. Understanding the historical, social, and cultural background can provide valuable insights into the themes and characters of the text. This contextual analysis allows readers to appreciate the complexities of the author's intentions and the impact of their writing on the intended audience.Chinese:在剖析英文文献时，重要的是考虑作品的写作背景。
理解历史、社会和文化背景可以为文本的主题和角色提供宝贵的见解。
这种背景分析让读者能够欣赏到作者意图的复杂性，以及他们的写作对预期受众的影响。
English:One example of the importance of contextual analysis is the work of William Shakespeare. His plays, such as "Romeo and Juliet" and "Hamlet," are often studied in the context of the Elizabethan era. By considering the political and social climate of the time, readers can gain a deeper understanding of the motivations and conflicts of thecharacters, as well as the significance of the themes explored in the plays.Chinese:一个关于背景分析重要性的例子是威廉·莎士比亚的作品。
由从粉煤灰中制取的硫酸铝盐合成氧化铝姓名：曹巍巍学号：2011200387 学院：化工学院摘要：由粉煤灰制得的NH4Al(SO4)2和氨在水中适宜的PH环境下可制得高纯度氧化铝（>99.9%）。
用XRD、TG/DTA、SEM和激光分散技术来检测热源（微波对硫酸铝铵分解和氧化铝性质的影响。
和传统的加热方法相比，微波加热来分解硫酸铝铵以制得更高比表面积的α-Al2O3粉末。
关键词：硫酸铝盐、粉煤灰、微波加热1、简介NH4Al(SO4)2是一种制备高纯度的活性氧化铝的潜在原料[1-3],硫酸铝盐通常是一种从含铝原材料中生产氧化铝的中间材料[4-5]。
硫酸铝盐的分解和生成物向氧化铝的转化在相关文献中已有报告[1-3,6]，但总体上结果还有一些分歧。
很多社会学家和相关的科学家对回收工业废物来制取高价值的材料很感兴趣。
在应用热点的地区，从大量的由煤燃烧产生的粉煤灰中进行资源回收是一个制得关注的问题。
粉煤灰由主要含有SiO2、Al2O3的无机粒子组成，这些粒子通常以煤胞的形式存在。
Al2O3是一种普遍使用的高性能原料，从粉煤灰中合成Al2O3具有很大的商业利益。
粉煤灰含有大量的杂质，如Fe2O3、Na2O、K2O、P2O5、MaO、MgO、CaO 和SiO2[7]，这样纯粹的用酸或碱来直接提取纯净的氧化铝是很困难的。
一种从粉煤灰中获取高纯氧化铝的方法就是把硫酸铝盐作为中间产物来制。
将硫酸铝盐作为中间产物的优点就使通过直截了当的可溶沉淀物的过程来提高纯度。
和传统的加热过程相比，微波加热有它自身的优点，它具有选择性、直接性、内部性、控制性。
所以，微波在材料制备中广泛地应用[8-10]。
用酸可加速有机材料和无机材料的溶解过程，这是由于微波产生的内部热量引起的[11,12]。
目前工作的目的就是促进回收粉煤灰及生产高纯度氧化铝。
微波加热的影响和由粉煤灰制得的Al的热效应已经进入研究，氧化铝也已表征。
2、实验过程粉煤灰原片包含了23.29% Al2O3的和53.83%的SiO2，，它包含了大量的硅酸盐矿物质，它是一种混合的鳞片象和近球面形颗粒，比表面积为3.82m2/g,凝聚的大小为42.1μm（<90%）.粉煤灰在600℃下在空气中焙烧2小时以出去残留的碳，随后在乙醇中球磨24小时，经过旋转真空蒸发后，干燥的粉末研磨到可通过200目的筛。
