专题二 代词-【中考英语语法复习专项突破】

专题二代词一对一“梳理”知识点高效复习法人称代词、物主代词与反身代词是中考的必考点,考生应掌握代词在具体语境中的基本用法,注意区分人称代词主格和宾格的位置、形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法,根据题干中的情境准确提取有用信息.不定代词主要考查其辨析,考生首先要分析语境并找出句中的关键词,明确代词所指代的对象:①指代可数名词还是不可数名词.②所指代的概念表示两者还是三者或三者以上.③表示肯定概念还是否定概念.指示代词的考查主要涉及it, one, this和that之间的辨析.在解答此类试题时,考生需结合语境进行如下判断:①下文提到的对象与上文是同一事物用it.②下文提到的对象与上文是同类事物但不是同一个用one.③this近指,that远指,同时that还可以用于比较级中对前文提到的名词进行指代.知识突破知识点1人称代词一、定义:表示“我”“你”“他”“她”“它”“我们”“你们”“他(她、它)们”,指代人或物的词叫做人称代词.人称代词有人称、数和格的变化.1.人称代词的主格在句中作主语.例如:John waited a while but finally he went home.约翰等了一会儿,但最后他回家了.2.人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语,通常放在介词和动词之后.例如:Please give me a book, Lily.(宾语)-动宾结构请给我一本书,莉莉.My cat looks at me.(宾语)-介宾结构我的猫看着我.3.人称代词it的用法(1)指婴儿或不明身份的人.例如:Someone is knocking at the door; please go and see who it is.有人在敲门,请去看看是谁.(2)表示天气、季节、星期、时间、距离等.例如:It often rains heavily in my hometown in summer.夏天我的家乡经常下很大的雨.How far is it from your school to your home?从学校到你家有多远?(3)用作形式主语,常用于下列句型中:① It is adj. + (for/of sb.)to do sth.例如:It is important for us to study hard.对我们来说努力学习很重要.②It's+ adj.+ that从句.例如:It's necessary that you should speak at the meeting.你在会上讲话是有必要的.(4)用作形式宾语,常用于“sb. find/think it + adj. + to do sth.”句型中.例如:I think it necessary to learn to wait in line.我认为学会排队是有必要的.(5)构成强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分＋that/who/whom+其他成分”.例如:It was yesterday that we went to see a film.我们是昨天去看电影的.知识点2物主代词一、定义:表示“我的”“你的”“他/她/它的”“我/你/他(她、它)们的”这类所有关系的代词叫做物主代词.物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词.1.形容词性物主代词具有形容词属性,需放在名词前作定语,一般不单独使用.例如:Her father is a doctor.她的父亲是一位医生.2.名词性物主代词常用来代替前面已提及的名词,具有名词属性,后面不能再跟名词,名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”.例如:Our school is smaller than theirs.我们的学校比他们的(学校)小.This is my book.这是我的书.＝This book is mine.这本书是我的.3.名词性物主代词可以和of连用作定语,构成双重所有格.例如:He is a friend of mine.他是我的一个朋友.知识点3反身代词一、定义:表示“我(们)自己”“你(们)自己”“他/她/它(们)自己”的代词称为反身代词.反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称、性、数上应保持一致.第一、二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加-self 或-selves 构成,第三人称的反身代词是由人称代词的宾格加-self 或-selves 构成.1.作动词或介词的宾语,表示主语和宾语是同一(些)人或事物.例如: The little boy can dress himself now.这个小男孩现在能自己穿衣服了.2.作主语或宾语的同位语,用来加强语气,表示亲自、本人.例如: Mary herself worked out the problem.玛丽自己解决了这个问题. I want to see Bob himself.我想见鲍勃本人.3.作表语.例如:The boy in the picture is myself.照片上的男孩就是我自己. 4.含有反身代词的常用短语.例如:by oneself 独自地for oneself 为自己enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 help oneself to...随便吃/用······ learn by oneself 自学 teach oneself 自学 知识点4不定代词一、定义:不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人和某些事物的代词叫做不定代词.不定代词分为普通不定代词和复合不定代词.1.some与anysome和any都可表示“一些”.some主要用在肯定句中;any多用于疑问句或否定句中.但在疑问句中,如希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议时要用some.例如:Do you have any suggestions?你有什么建议吗?Would you like some oranges?你想要些橙子吗?2.many与much这两个单词是同义词,都表示“许多”.many的后面用可数名词的复数形式;much则用来修饰不可数名词.它们都可以与表示程度的副词so, too连用.例如:They have many friends in our school.他们在我们的学校有很多朋友.My sister never eats so much breakfast.我妹妹从来不吃这么多早餐.3.both,either 与neither1.由some和any等构成的复合不定代词,其区别同some和any. someone, somebody, something 通常用于肯定句;anyone, anybody, anything通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句.2.当形容词、不定式或else修饰复合不定代词时,形容词、不定式或else必须放在复合不定代词之后,语法上称作“后置”.例如:There is something interesting in the book.这本书里有一些有趣的东西.3.复合不定代词作主语、宾语和表语.作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数.例如:Somebody is talking in the empty house.有人在那个空房子里说话.4.复合不定代词常用句型(1)There is something/nothing wrong with...意为“······出/没问题了”.例如:There is something wrong with the car.这辆汽车出问题了.(2)...has something/nothing to do with...意为“······与······有/无关”.例如:It has nothing to do with me.这件事与我无关.(3)sb. can do nothing but...意为“某人什么都做不了,只能······”.例如:We can do nothing but wait.我们什么都做不了,只能等待.知识点5指示代词一、定义:指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词,表示“这个(些)”“那个(些)”.常用的指示代词有this, that, these, those, it, one.二、用法核心考点，各个击破考点1人称代词例1(2022·河北,31题,1分)Where is your brother? I want to give_________ a book.A. meB. youC. himD. her【解析】本题考查人称代词宾格的用法.句意:你弟弟在哪里?我想给他一本书.me我;you 你;him他;her她.此处使用him 指代your brother.答案:C针对性练习11. Everyone makes mistakes in his or her life. The important thing is not to repeat_________.A. itB. themC. himD. her2.-Is the woman a teacher?-Yes. She teaches_________ English.A. youB. usC. ourD. your3. Everyone likes my father because_________ is friendly.A. hisB. himC. heD. himself考点2物主代词例2(2022·吉林,1题,1分)Mary has a brother, and_________ name is Bob.A. herB. itsC. his【解析】本题考查形容词性物主代词辨析.句意:玛丽有一个哥哥,他的名字叫鲍勃.her她的;its 它的;his他的.根据“brother”可知,鲍勃是男性,需要用his.答案:C针对性练习21. We must protect plants. They are friends of_________.A. weB. usC. ourD. ours2. -Excuse me, may I use your bicycle? _________ is broken.-Certainly. But remember to return it before lunch.A.IB. MeC. MyselfD. Mine3.-Excuse me, is this_________ new camera?-Yes, it's_________.A. your; myB. your; mineC. yours; myD. yours; mine考点3反身代词例3(2021·湖南怀化,26题,1分) No one taught the old lady how to use WeChat. She learned it by_________.A. yourselfB. myselfC. herself【解析】本题考查反身代词辨析.句意:没有人教这个老太太如何使用微信,她是自学的.yourself你自己;myself我自己;herself她自己.通过“没有人教这个老太太如何使用微信”,可知“她是自学的”.learn...by oneself意为“自学”.答案:C针对性练习31.-Look at this model ship. I made it all by_________ last week.-Wow, you are so smart!A. meB. myC. mineD. myself2. -Judy and I will go to the beach tomorrow.-It's so nice. Enjoy_________.A. yourselvesB. yourselfC. herself3.-Your English is very good. Who taught you?-Nobody. I taught_________.A. meB. himC. himselfD. myself考点4不定代词例4(2021·江苏盐城,6题,1分)-Why are you laughing, Daniel?-There is_________ funny in the newspaper. Come and see.A. anythingB. somethingC. everythingD. nothing【解析】本题考查不定代词辨析.句意:-你为什么开怀大笑,丹尼尔?-报纸上这些事太好笑了,过来看看.承接上文句意,下文是肯定句,排除选项A、D, something表示“某事;一些事情”,everything表示“一切”,和句意不符.答案:B针对性练习41.-Which of the two pairs of shoes will you take?-I'll take_________. They are too small for me.A. bothB. allC. eitherD. neither2.-Where is my notebook?-I don't know. It isn't here. Maybe_________ took it away by mistake.A. everybodyB. nobodyC. anybodyD. somebody3. Hurry up, kids! The school bus is coming. We have_________ time left.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little考点5指示代词例5(2021·江苏苏州,5题,1分)The gravity on Mars is only about three eighths of_________ on the Earth.A. thatB. thoseC. oneD. ones【解析】本题考查指示代词辨析.句意:火星的引力只相当于地球的八分之三.that指)词;those 是that的复数形式,(特指)＝the+名只能代替可数名词复数;one(泛指)＝a/an+名词;ones是one 的复数形式.本句中用that代替“the gravity”.答案:A针对性练习51.We decide to make_________ a rule for us roommates to turn off the lights at 10:30 p.m.A. thatB. thisC. itD. one2. My star sign is Virgo and my characteristics are similar to_________ described in that book.A. themB. theseC. onesD. those3. Your hometown is really nice! The air quality is as good as_________ of Sanya.A. itB. oneC. thatD. the one答案:针对性练习1:1.B 2.B 3.C针对性练习2:1.D 2.D 3.B针对性练习3:1.D 2.A 3.D针对性练习4:1.D 2.D 3.C针对性练习5:1.C 2.D 3.C从模拟演练和实战操作模拟演练1.(2021·四川成都一模)When I don't understand the sentences, I look_________ up in a dictionary.A. itB. himC. them2.(2021·北京朝阳区一模)Peter has a baby sister. He wants to share every toy with_________.A. herB. himC. youD. them3.(2021·湖北襄阳一模)-Sam finds sweeping robots useful, and he plans to buy_________ for his grandma.-He has always been a filial(孝顺的)boy.A. itB. oneC. thisD. that4.(2021·福建模拟)-I like these two dresses, but I can only afford_________ of them.-I suggest you take the white one.A. neitherB. bothC. either5.(2021·四川成都一模)-Do polite manners cost_________?-_________, but they help us get a lot.C. anything; NothingA. something; NothingB. anything;Everything6.(2021·河北石家庄模拟)No matter what happens, children should learn to stay calm and protect_________.A. himselfB. herselfC. yourselfD. themselves7.(2021·山东济南模拟)-When is your father's birthday?-_________ birthday is on April 2nd.A. HeB. SheC. HisD. Him8.(2021·北京大兴区一模)Mike's mother is a doctor and_________ works in a big hospital.A. sheB. herC. heD. him9.(2021·江苏盐城一模)-Which would you like to choose for your P.E. entrance exam, basketball or volleyball?-_________.I prefer football.A. BothB. EitherC. NoneD. Neither10.(2021·湖北武汉模拟)-Have the employees given any solutions to the problem?-Yes, a lot, but_________ of them is satisfying.A. allB. noneC. neitherD. both11.(2021·黑龙江大庆一模)-Where is my pen? Have you seen_________?-Oh, sorry. I have taken_________ by mistake.A. it; yoursB. them; thisC. it; mineD. them; yours12.(2021·贵州黔东南二模)As for learning English, students who read a lot can do much better than_________ who don't.A. thatB. thoseC. theseD. them13.(2021·湖南株洲模拟)-Where did you buy your shoes, from a shop or a supermarket?-_________.I always shop online.A. NeitherB. NoneC. Both14.(2021·四川巴中一模)-What do you think of the house?-It is much more beautiful than_________.A. weB. usC. oursD. our15.(2021·福建龙岩三模)Could you record today's CBA basketball game for me? I can watch_________ later.A. oneB. themC. it16.(2021·山东临沂模拟)-This book is a little difficult for me to read. Could you please lend me_________ one?-OK, what about this book?A. the otherB. otherC. another17.(2021·北京石景山区一模)-Is this your phone, Sarah?-Yes, it's_________.A. yoursB. mineC. hisD. hers18.(2021·湖北荆州一模)-You're always working. Come on, let's go shopping.-_________ you ever want to do is going shopping.A. AllB. SomethingC. NothingD. That19.(2021·甘肃酒泉模拟)-Sarah, what do you think of my new scarf?-It's beautiful. I plan to buy_________.A. thisB. oneC. thatD. it20.(2021·辽宁沈阳一模)I turned to bookshops and libraries looking for information and found_________.A. bothB. noneC. oneD. neither答案:1.C【解析】本题考查人称代词的用法.句意:当我看不懂这些句子时,我就查字典.it它;him 他;them他(她、它)们.此处用them指代上文中的“the sentences”.2.A【解析】本题考查人称代词辨析.句意:彼得有一个小妹妹,他想跟她分享每一个玩具.her 她;him他;you你;them他(她、它)们.此空指代前文提到的“sister”,是女性,应用her.3.B【解析】本题考查指示代词辨析.句意:－萨姆发现扫地机器人很有用,他计划给他的奶奶买一台.－他一直是个孝顺的孩子.it它,指代与上文提到的对象是同一事物(同类同物);one一个,泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个(同类不同物);this这个,这,一般指较近的事物,不能代替前面的东西;that那,那个,作指示代词时,一般指较远的事物.代替上文出现的同款扫地机器人,应选one.4.C【解析】本题考查不定代词辨析.句意:－这两条连衣裙我都喜欢,但是我只能买得起其中一条.－我建议你买白色的那条.neither两者都不;both两者都,either两者中任意一个.根据上句中的“only afford”及下句中“take the white one”可知,此处表示只能买得起其中一条.5.C【解析】本题考查不定代词辨析.句意:－礼貌会花费你什么吗?－什么都不花,但它们能帮我们多.something某事,用在肯定句或希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中;anything任何事,用在否定旬或疑问句中.第一句是一般疑问句,用anything. nothing没什么;everything任何事.根据they help us get a lot”可知,句意转折,意为“帮助很多但不花费什么”.6.D7.C8.A9.D10.B【解析】本题考查不定代词辨析.句意:－员工对这个问题有什么解决办法吗?－是的,很多,但是没有一个是令人满意的.all全都,三者或三者以上都;none没有人,三者或三者以上都不;neither两者都不;both两者都.根据but表示转折关系,可知此处是他们中没有令人满意的解决方法.11.A12.B【解析】本题考查指示代词辨析.句意:至于学英语,阅读多的学生比不阅读的学生学得更好.that那个;those那些;these这些;them他们.than后面用代词代替前面的人或物时,一般用指示代词that/those;根据比较级的规则,than前后的对比对象要在人称和数上保持一致;根据“students”可知,应用those来代替复数名词.13.A14.C【解析】本题考查物主代词的用法.句意:－你觉得这房子怎么样?－－它比我们的房子漂亮得多.we我们,人称代词主格;us我们,人称代词宾格;ours我们的,名词性物主代词;our我们的,形容词性物主代词.设空处后面没有名词,所以用名词性物主代词ours,相当于“our house”. 15.C 16.C 17.B18.A【解析】本题考查代词辨析.句意:－你总是在工作.来吧,我们去购物吧.－你总想去购物.all 全,都,用在三者或三者以上都;something某物;nothing没什么;that那个.“you ever want to do”的do缺少宾语,此空处的all that相当于what,作宾语成分,that 在定语从句中可以省略.19.B 20.B真题演练1.(2021·湖南湘潭)-Is that bag_________ , Anna?-No, it's Tina's.A. yourB. yoursC. yourself2.(2022·四川成都)-Where did you get this sky lantern?-I made it by_________.A. herselfB. itselfC. myself3.(2021·湖北荆州)-Who's that boy over there?-_________ is my cousin.A. YouB.IC. HeD. She4.(2021·黑龙江绥化)The population of Suihua is much smaller than_________ of Harbin.A. itB. oneC. that5.(2021·山东东营)-Judy, why is your dog barking(吠叫)at the mirror?-Because it can't recognize(认出) _________ in the mirror.A. meB. itC. youD. itself6.(2021·河北)This isn't my dictionary. _________ is over there, on the desk.A. HisB. MineC. HersD. Yours7.(2021·江苏连云港)Miss Li, a humorous teacher, taught_________ math last term.A. usB. ourC. oursD. ourselves8.(2021·新疆)-Where would you like to go next week, Beijing or Tianjin?-_________ is OK. It's up to you.A. BothB. NoneC. EitherD. All9.(2021·湖北武汉)-There are mainly six kinds of tea in China. Which is your favorite?-Green tea, I guess. I've tried black tea, green tea and so on, and_________ of them have their special tastes.A. allB. bothC. noneD. neither10.(2021·天津)Mike's aunt is_________ English teacher. We all like_________.A. our; sheB. our ;herC. we; sheD. we; her11.(2021·湖南株洲)Don't play with the knife, or you'll cut_________.A. itselfB. yourselfC. himself12.(2021·贵州安顺)-Did you do_________ fun on your vacation, Tara?-Yes, I did. I went to Sanya.A. everythingB. anythingC. nothing13.(2021·黑龙江大庆)On the website, you can chat with_________ in English to improve your spoken English.A. otherB. anotherC. the otherD. others14.(2021·江苏扬州)-Which color do you like, red or blue?-_________. I like green.A. EitherB. BothC. NeitherD. None15.(2021·重庆B卷)The old man often tells them interesting stories, so they like_________ very much.A. heB. himC. herD. she16.(2021·山东滨州)-Dad, could you please teach_________ English?-Sure! But it's more important to learn it by_________.A. my; yourselfB. my; youC. me; youD. me; yourself17.(2021·广西玉林)-Wow, so cool! Who taught you to play Tik Tok(抖音)?-_________.I learned it by_________.A. Somebody; myselfB. Nobody; myselfC. Nobody; meD. Somebody; me18.(2021·甘肃武威)I have a few books on Chinese food. You can borrow_________ if you want.A. oneB. itC. muchD. a little19.(2021·海南)Mike has lost_________ new watch. He is looking for it everywhere.A. heB. hisC. him20.(2021·吉林)My mother made some zongzi by_________ on the Dragon Boat Festival.A. sheB. hersC. herself答案:1.B2.C【解析】本题考查反身代词辨析.句意:－你从哪儿弄来的天灯?－我自己做的.herself她自己,she的反身代词;itself它自己,it的反身代词;myself我自己,I的反身代词.根据主语“I”可知,是“我自己”做的,应该用myself.3.C4.C5.D【解析】本题考查代词辨析.句意:－朱迪,你的狗为什么对着镜子叫?－因为它认不出镜子里的自己.me我;it它;you你;itself它自己.根据句意,应选itself.6.B7.A8.C【解析】本题考查不定代词辨析.both两者都;none一个也没有(指三者或三者以上);either 两者之一;all全,都(指三者或三者以上).根据第一句中的“Beijing or Tiajin”,可知指两者;both作主语,看成复数形式,be动词用are; either作主语,看成单数形式,be动词用is.9.A10.B【解析】本题考查物主代词和人称代词的用法.句意:迈克的舅妈是我们的英语老师,我们都喜欢她.根据第二句的主语“we”可知,名词前使用形容词性物主代词our;再由第二句的“like”为动词可知,后面跟人称代词宾格her.11.B 12.B13.D【解析】本题考查不定代词辨析.句意:在这个网站上,你可以和别人用英语聊天,提高你的英语口语.other其他的;another指多个中的另一个;the other指两个中的另一个;others其他的人或物.空格后无名词,此空应填代词others.14.C 15.B 16.D17.B【解析】本题考查不定代词和反身代词的用法.句意:－哇,太酷了！谁教你玩抖音的?－没人教我,我自学的.learn...by oneself意为“自学”,排除C、D选项.再结合句意“自学的,没人教”可知,第一空填nobody符合语境.18.A【解析】本题考查指示代词的用法.句意:我有几本关于中国菜的书,如果你想要的话可以借一本.one代指同类不同物;it代指同类同物;much和a little 修饰不可数名词.空格处表达“一本书”,应用one.19.B 20.C。