英谚汉译的对策与文化差异Cultural Differences and the Strategies of English ProverbsTranslation摘要：英语谚语是民间广为流传的一种较为定型的语句，它语言精练，意蕴隽永，形象生动，妙趣横生；便于记忆流传，并反映英国的文化特征和价值观念。
通过了解英语谚语，读者能够获得大量的英国文化中有趣的信息，翻译家在翻译英语谚语是面临着保留原谚语特点、形象和民族风格的难题。
英语谚语源远流长，它既有来自民间的谚语，又有来自《圣经》的，来自莎士比亚作品和许多智者的作品与语言的，还有很多外来谚语。
当然博大精深的汉语中汉谚也有许多的来源。
在英语谚语汉译时，怎样处理好由于地理环境，宗教，文化传统和思维方式不同而引起的文化差异成为了翻译的一大难题。
而在具体的翻译过程中，应该注意的问题与应该采用哪种翻译策略来处理也是很关键的问题。
在用到的四点策略中，三种与直译有关，这表明在英谚汉译时，直译是英语谚语汉译是最主要的原则与策略。
它是保持原谚语——英语谚语的目的意义、文化形象、修辞的最好办法，它能最大程度达到文化交流与学习英语的目的关键词：英语谚语、文化差异、翻译原则与策略、直译Abstract: As a particular part of language, proverbs are concrete fragment of wisdom, results of observation and embodiments of universal truths. They are pithy, comprehensive and full of figures of speech and serve as a mirror of the cultural conceptions of a social community. Readers can enrich themselves with plentiful interesting information of English culture by familiarizing themselves with English proverbs. When English proverbs are being translated, translators are confronted with difficulties of retaining the characteristics as well as the images and national flavor of English in translation.English proverbs have a long history which derived from variousresources, among them, some are from the crowds,some are from the Bible,some are from famous wits and many foreign language..And of course,Chinese proverbs also have many origins,so, translating the English proverb to Chinese,we are confronting the problem of the cultural differences.How to avoid the factors and choose a proper strategy to receivea faithful and elegant version. The four strategies used,three are related to literal translation which is the best way to keep the senses, figure of speechas well as images of English proverbs and to acquire the highest degree of cultural exchange.Large number of examples used mainly excerpted from the publications mentioned in the bibliography and their different versions are also presented.Key Word:English Proverb, Cultural Differences, Principles and Strategies, Literal TranslationIntroductionLanguage is a part of culture and plays a very important role in it. Meanwhile, Language is also a cultural carrier and container and serves as the principal means to cross-cultural communication. As a particular part o language, proverbs are no exception indicating the distinctive features of a culture.Proverbs are small pieces of folk wisdom, often involving old images and frequently jingles that catch the memory which have been handed down from generation to generation, They express ideas in short and recognizable sentences, What might have taken an entire paragraph to explain is expressedmetaphorically in these pithy English proverbs, which contain in a nutshell the philosophy of the common people. English proverbs also embody a concentrated reflection of various rhetorical means and serve as a mirror of the historical and cultural conceptions of their social communities. As Francis Bacon, famous English Philosopher, said,” The genius, wit and spirit of a nation are discovered in its proverbs.” Nowadays, the factor of cultural differences turns to the heat and hard part of English proverbs translation. Translators all over the world have made a great deal of achievements on the cultural differences and principles of translating the English proverbs.Coming from various sources, English proverbs give information about their culture on many social subjects, So, it is necessary to find the cultural difference between English and Chinese and to find a proper way to translate them. Translation is becoming increasingly important as a medium of cross-cultural communication. A faithful translation of English proverbs will attract the Chinese readers not only for its vivid and expressive language, but also for much interesting cultural information. So the purpose of English proverb translation is not only to absorb and introduce their expressions, but also to enrich the Chinese readers with the culture of English and learn their basic philosophy of life or world view. For this purpose, translators should adopt literal translation as a principal medium to keep the sense and flavor of the original and acquire the highest degree of cultural exchange.In order to meet the purpose of English proverb translation and introducer the faithful translation to Chinese readers, a lot of examples are used and themajority of the examples and their translations used are taken from the publications, which are mentioned in the bibliography, for these examples are of much help to analyze the proverbs and their translation.1.The definition, Origins and Features of English ProverbIn order to translating English proverbs, we should learn their definitions, origins and features. In this section, the author gives specific definitions from different sources, four origins and two fundamental features of English proverbs.1.1Definition of proverbWhat‟s a proverb? An English proverb tells us:“Proverbs are daughter of daily experience.” Webster‟s New World dictionary defines it as a short saying in common use that strikingly expresses some obvious truth or familiar experience. [1] And the Longman Modern English Dictionary gives this definition,“A proverb is a brief familiar maxim of folk wisdom, usually compressed in form, often involving a bold image and frequently a jingle that catches the memory.”[2]Another definition is offered by the Chinese《辞海》（A collection of Words）“谚语是流传于民间的简炼通俗而富于意义的语句，大多反映人民生活和斗争的经济眼。
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