定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词
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语法专题十五 定语从句【考点精讲精练】-2023年中考语法一点通(教师版)
语法专题十五、定语从句考点精讲1.概念理解定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，又称形容词性从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句在先行词后面，但二者并不一定紧挨着。
关系词（引导词）：连接先行词和从句的词叫引导词，也可叫关系词或连接词。
连接词有that，who，which 等。
I like the movie that/which is funny.先行词引导词I like the singer who is beautiful.先行词引导词【特别注意】先行词和引导词是等量关系①引导词（关系词）在定语从句中充当成分，代替先行词，意思就是先行词的意义。
所以，在定语从句中不能重复其意。
✧正There are many places that we can visit in China.✧误There are many places that we can visit them in China.②先行词在从句中做主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词单复数形式由先行词决定。
This is the place that is famous for pandas.John reads books which are fun.2.如何把两个简单句合并成一个含定语从句的复合句✧He is the thief. 他是那个小偷。
✧The thief stole my wallet. 那个小偷偷了我的钱包。
（两个简单句）✧He is the thief who/ that stole my wallet.他是那个偷了我钱包的小偷。
（一个复合句）通过观察，我们可以总结出以下合并规律：（1）把两个简单句合在一起。
He is the thief The thief stole my wallet.（2）合并同类项，去掉一个多余的。
He is the thief stole my wallet.（3）根据先行词来选择引导词来代替这个多余项。
定语从句什么是先行词
定语从句什么是先行词定语从句什么是先行词先行词是被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词，在主句中充当一定的部分。
之所以称它为先行词，是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后，先行词总是出现在定语从句之前。
下面是店铺带来的定语从句什么是先行词，希望对你有帮助。
概念：被修饰的词叫先行词。
定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。
定语从句一般由关系代词来引导。
关系代词必须放在定语从句之首。
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
一、在英语关系代词中，but，as，than作关系代词可以引导定语从句：but既可指人，也可指物，常在定语从句中充当主语。
but本身含"否定"的意思，其作用相当于"that /which /who．．．not"。
它前面的主句通常有"否定"的词（如：no，not，little，few，hardly等）。
but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用，达到强烈肯定的修饰效果。
例如：There is no mother but loves her own children．（=There is no mother that/who does not love her own children．）没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。
二、as既可指人，也可指物，常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语。
as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as /such /the same等修饰词。
例如：1.He is as brave a man as ever lived．他是世界上最勇敢的`人。
2.Don’t read such books as are not worth reading．不要读那些不值得读的书。
定语从句、被动语态
专题十八：定语从句一、定语从句：1.定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。
如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。
关系词指代在定语从句中的作用that既指人也指物作主语、宾语which指物作主语、宾语who指人作主语whom指人作宾语whose既指人也指物作定语二、定语从句：1.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that，which均可.但下列情况，只用that不用which。
1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。
There is nothing ______ I can do for you .2).先行词被the only, the very, the last, all, no, little等词修饰,只用that。
This is the very book ___ I’m looking for .3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只用that . This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school .4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .=I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian .5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。
He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .2.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况，只能用which不用that。
定语从句
A person who/that steals things is called a thief. The man who/that I talked with is our teacher. The man (whom/who/that) I nodded to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
请比较并牢记以下句子
1. I miss the old days _______________we spent together. that / which 2. The place ______________ you told me is very beautiful. that / which that / which 3. This is the place (factory, school) _____________we visited last month. that / which 4. I showed them the house ___________ I bought (sold) last year. where 5. He showed us the museum ___________many strange things were on display. 6.He showed us the building ___________his mom worked. where 7. The story happened on the day ___________ he was born. when 8. I can’t forget the days _____________you were away. when 注意： 是及物动词。 注意：spend, told, buy 是及物动词。 that 或 which作它们的宾语。 作它们的宾语。 作它们的宾语
定语从句的先行词位置
定语从句的先行词位置定语从句的先行词位置导语：简单的说，就是和修饰宾语的词或从句，词就是先行词，以下店铺为大家介绍定语从句的先行词位置文章，欢迎大家阅读参考!定语从句的先行词位置先行词是定语从句的引导词前面的名词.在定语从句中充当一定的成分. 被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
我们可以这样认为, 之所以称它为先行词, 是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后, 先行词总是出现在定语从句之前, 而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时, 形容词位于名词之前。
This is the book which I am looking for.中的book是先行词,which是引导词.He is Mr. Robertson who comes from England. 中的Mr. Robertson.是先行词,who是引导词.简单的说，就是和修饰宾语的词或从句，词就是先行词一、先行词与关系词A．是先行词被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
我们可以这样认为, 之所以称它为先行词, 是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后, 先行词总是出现在定语从句之前, 而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时, 形容词位于名词之前。
Don’t forget the book that I told you to bring. （the book为先行词）别忘了把我让你带的书带过来。
B．先行词与关系词的关系引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。
关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等, 关系副词在定语从句中作。
含有定语从句的句子一般分为两层：即主句层（第一层）, 定语从句层（第二层）。
C．先行词与关系词的种类1. 常见的关系代词2.常见的关系副词二、限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句根据定语从句与先行词间关系的紧密程度, 我们将定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
A.限定性定语从句限定性定语从句, 用来修饰和限定先行词, 与先行词间的关系非常密切, 它所修饰的先行词代表一个（些）或一类特写的人或物, 从句用来说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况, 如果去掉, 则意思含混不清。
做先行词时引导定语从句用
5 when, where, why 与that, which 的区分 why／that This is the reason ___________ ( = for which ) I didn’t come here. which/that she gave was The reason __________ not true. 指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语 从句中作主语或宾语，用which或that 引导定语从句。
The Attributive Clause
Can you find two sentences in the
reading passage that contain “of
which /in which” attributive clause? The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.
This is such an interesting book that ____we all like it. that This is so interesting a book ____we all like it. 结果状语从句
这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。
1. It is very useful to master a foreign which has been said before. language,_____
2).看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 He referred me to some reference books _____ with which I am not very familiar.
先行词：指定语从句所修饰的词。关系词：指位于定语从句之后,连重点
As引导的定语从句
As作关系代词可以引导限定性定语从句和非限定性定语句。 一、as引导的限定性定语从句 As引导限定性定语从句时，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。常用于固定 搭配：such……as……; the same ……as……; so+adj./adv.+n.单数+as……
e.g.(1)I’ve never heard such stories as he told us.(作told的宾语） (2)Tom is wearing the same coat as I bought yesterday.
As引导的非限定性定语从句：
As引导的非限定性定语从句，常用来指代上文一整句话的内容，含有“正如、正 像”之意，可译为“这一点”。常常放置在主句的句首、句中、句末；也常出现 在一些惯用语中。如：
①as we (all) know = as is known to us/all “众所周知” ②as we/every can see =as can be seen “据我们所看到的” ③as has been mentioned/said above “被提到/谈(说)到” ④as has been expected/reported/announced/proved/pointed out“被料到/报导/证明/指出” ⑤as often happens ⑥as is turned out ⑦as is often the case “情况常常是这样(as指代上文一整句话的内容)” e.g. As is often the case ,he came late again.
注：whose+名词= ① of which/whom the+n. ② the+n.+of which/whom e.g.(1)This is Tom, whose mother is a teacher. =①the mother of whom is a teacher. =②of whom the moth词 先行词 在从句中的作用 When(=in/on/at+which) 表示时间的名词 作时间状语 Where(=in/on/at+which) 表示地点的名词 作地点状语 Why(=for+which) reason 作原因状语
定语从句及五种基本句型
定语从句专题一、基本概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
如：Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。
引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which;关系副词有：when, where, why.二、关系词的用法：（一）关系代词的用法：1．作主语用who, which和that, 如：He is the man _______ lives next door.The train ________ has just left is for Shenzhen.2．作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如：The man _________we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book _________ I bought last week?3．作定语用whose, 如：(a) He is the man ________ car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting ________ importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。
whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如：They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which) He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name) 4．作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。
定语从句先行词的判断
定语从句先行词的判断定语从句先行词的判断大家知道定语从句先行词的判断方法吗？以下是店铺分享的定语从句先行词的判断方法哦，欢迎参考！定语从句先行词的判断方法【1】先行词是名词或代词,如果名词或代词后面有修饰它们的句子且它们在句中充当某一成分,它们就是先行词.把先行词还原到从句中,就能判断做什么成份.如:I will never forget the day when I first went to school.(先行词是day)从句=I first went to school on the day.(on the day 在从句中作状语=when)I will never forget the day that was very special to me.(先行词是day)从句=The day was very special to me(the day 在从句中作主语=that/which)定语从句先行词的判断方法【2】关于先行词这个问题,你先忘了英语,全部忘掉,我们先来看看中文中的修饰语,道理是完全一样的,只要你明白了中文的修饰语用法,英语自然也就会了.比如：一个非常漂亮的女孩我去年逛过的城市长着一头长发的女孩我们先来分析：上面三个是什么结构,你一看就知道,是名词结构（或代词）,只不过加了一些修饰词做定语修饰主要名词,对吗?OK,英语定语从句意思搞定：“就是用英文句子来修饰先行词”就更简单的一句话说就是：“定语从句就是形容词”,修饰前面的名词或代词.明白吗?（翻译为………的先行词）,不同的是英语定语从句要后置.一个非常漂亮的…………（女孩）我去年逛过的…………（城市）长着一头长发的…………（女孩）OK翻译：Agirl（名词或代词）who is very beautiful（英语句子做修饰词相当于形容词）Agirl who is very beautifulThe city(名词） I visited last year=形容词The city I visited last yearA girl （名词）who has long hair.（形容词）.A girl who has long hair好了,现在你不需要学习什么英语从句是代词还是副词,什么样的引导词等,现在只有一个理念你要明白,这非常重要,是框架,记住“定语从句就是形容词”紧跟先行词,一定翻译为…………的先行词,这是亘古不变的,打死印在脑海里!【拓展内容】定语从句先行词先行词是被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词。
高中英语语法：定语从句知识点
高中英语语法：定语从句知识点在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，用作定语的从句叫做定语从句(attributive clause)。
被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词(antecedent)。
定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who、whom、whose、which、that 和关系副词when、where、why等。
一、关系代词和关系副词的功能关系代词和关系副词功能有三个：1）用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。
2）关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。
关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语；关系副词可作状语。
3）关系代词和关系副词在从句中代替在他前面的先行词。
1、作主语关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词一致。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需要的是大量的油。
（引导词that在句中作主语）The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. 昨天到我班来访的外国人来自加拿大。
（引导词who在句中作主语）2、作宾语在定语从句里作宾语的关系代词在口语中常被省去The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. 我煮的面条美味可口。
（引导词that，可省略）The fish (which) we bought wes not fresh. 我们买的鱼不新鲜。
（引导词which，可省略）3、作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。
This is the boy whose mother is our Chinese teacher. 这就是那个男孩，他母亲是我们的语文老师。
注意：关系代词whose在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语时，可以跟介词放在主语和从句之间。
The boss in whose company Mr. Kang worked called at the hospital. 老板到医院拜访了康先生，康先生在他的公司里工作。
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定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。
定语从句放在先行词后面。
定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
本章只介绍限定性定语从句。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、which、whose和关系副词where 、when，关系代词和关系副词是引导词，在定语从句中担当某一成份。
关系代词和关系副词的作用：先行词指物时，关系代词用that 或which（在句中作主语或宾语）。
如：China is a country which / that has a large population.The computer game which/ that he is playing is his favorite.先行词指人时，关系代词用（who）作主语或宾语，whom (作宾语)，whose (作定语)，that (作主语或宾语)。
如：The man who is mending the machine has been retired.This is the policeman who/ whom they were talking about yesterday.I like the girl whose mother is an actor.注意：下列情况下关系代词只用that 而不用which 或who。
先行词是指物的不代词，如：all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时。
如：I didn't understand the words all that he said.2．先行词由最高级、序数词以及any, very, only, all, no, just 等所修饰。
如：This is the most beautiful place that I have been to .行词既包括人，也包括物。
如：They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road.当主句是以which 或who 开头的特殊疑问句时。
如：who is the man that opened up the lab.例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！He is a friend ______ can help you in time of need.A. who heB. whoseC. /D. who解析：引导词在定语从句中做主语，指人。
应选D 。
The most important thing ______ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said.A. which, thatB. that, whichC. which, whichD. that, that解析：先行词前有序数词，最高级时，引导次只能用that. 应选D.This is the only one of these books that ______worth reading.A．has B. have C. is D. are解析：引导词that在句中作主语，代指one ，应选C。
The man ______ talked to you just now is my father.A. whoB. heC. whichD. whose解析：引导词在句中作主语指人，应选A.They thought too much about ______.A. which I had saidB. what I had saidC. that I had saidD. I had said解析：此题引导词作在从句中作宾语，表示说话的内容，应选B。
一、选择最佳答案填空：1．Did you find the notebook ______ Jim had given me for my birthday?A. whoB. whomC. whichD. whose2. That's all ______ I have seen and heard.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. what3. Have you seen the man ______ plan we were talking about ______ yesterday ?A. who, themB. its, themC. whose,/D. whose, them4.The Oscar is one of the film prizes ______ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.A. which are notB. that have not beenC. that has notD. that has not been5. He never reads anything ______ is not worth reading.A. thatB. asC. whoD. which6. The man ________ coat is black is waiting at the gate.A. who'sB. whoseC. thatD. of which7. _________ cleans the classroom can go home first.A. AnyoneB. those whooC. HoweverD. The one who8. The police caught the man _______ stole my handbag.A. heB. thatC. whomD. which9. The girl ________ is reading under the tree ________ my sister.A. which, isB. whom, wasC. who , isD. who, was10. George Mallory was an English teacher _______ loved climbing.A. whoB. whomC. heD. which1-5 CDCBA 6-10 BDBCA关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有what；关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：①连接作用，引导定语从句。
②代替主行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。
③在定语注：关系代词有主语、宾语之分。
一般whom作为宾语。
关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语等，关系副词在从句中作地点状语，时间状语，原因状语。
定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词…的’表示容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
如The man The book关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致。
1,who, whom, that这些词代替指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。
在从句中所起作用如下：(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。
（whom/that在从句中作宾语）（3）The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师2,Whose 用来指人或物(只用作定语, 等，作宾语时可以省略，例如：(1)Prosperity which / that had ne ppears in te. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
（which / that在从句中作主语）(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。
(which / that在从句中作宾语）whosewhose表示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西）例：A child whose parents are dead is called an arphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿。
(whose表示那个孩子的双亲)He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的。
（whose表示那个房子的窗户）关系代词：在句中作主语、宾语或定语1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从省略。
[eg：This is the book （which）you want.]2不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语代词wh放在它原来的位置3. 代表物时多这时的that常被省略；c被形容词最高级修饰时；既有人又有物时；e)整个句中前面已有which，wh行关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=for whichwhere=in/ at/ on/ich (介词同先行词搭配)when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)1. where是关系代词，当然也不用that引导。
By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。
I still remember the her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。
Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。