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英语语法之用否定词表达否定含义英语语法之用否定词表达否定含义提起否定词，不少同学自然会想到no, not, never等词。
然而听力测试中的否定概念并非局限于此。
一些含否定意义的副词、形容词、代词、连词、动词、名词及前后缀也常在句子中间执着地表示否定的含义，如rarely, hardly, seldom, scarcely, few, little, none, nobody, nothing, neither, nor, beyond, fail, miss, refuse, dislike, impossible 等。
但在这些否定词中，对否定对象的否定程度却有不同，有的是完全否定，有的是部分否定，有的否定大部分，还有的否定小部分。
我们应体会其中的差异从而准确地理解语义。
【例10】When she heard that news, she could hardly control her feelings.(当她听到那消息时，她几乎不能抑制住她的感情。
) 句中的hardly是半否定词，意思是几乎不，简直不，对could control作大部分否定。
【例1】Nobody believes what he said.(没有人相信他说的话。
)句中nobody是完全否定词，将否定对象全部加以否定。
【例2】Professor Wang seldom watches TV at night.(王教授晚上很少看电视。
)seldom是半否定词，与only occasionally 同义。
对watch作部分否定，意思是王教授有时在晚上还是看电视的，但只是偶尔看看。
【例3】M: Have you read anything good recently?W: Nothing you would like.Q: What does the woman mean?女方在回答时的nothing为完全否定。
句义为没有你感兴趣的东西，也就是我爱看的东西，你不会喜欢。
英语语法否定副词可以用来修饰哪些词性的词否定副词在英语语法中通常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词和名词。
下面详细介绍了这些不同的情况：1. 否定副词修饰动词：否定副词可以在句子中修饰动词，表示否定的含义。
常见的否定副词包括"not"（不）, "never"（从不）, "hardly"（几乎不）, "barely"（几乎不）, "scarcely"（几乎不）等。
例句：- I do not like coffee.（我不喜欢咖啡。
）- She never goes to the gym.（她从不去健身房。
）- He hardly ever eats vegetables.（他几乎不吃蔬菜。
）2. 否定副词修饰形容词：否定副词可以在句子中修饰形容词，表示否定的含义。
常见的否定副词包括"not"（不）, "never"（从不）, "hardly"（几乎不）, "barely"（几乎不）, "scarcely"（几乎不）等。
例句：- She is not happy with her exam results.（她对她的考试成绩不满意。
）- I have never seen such a beautiful sunset.（我从未见过如此美丽的日落。
）- The weather is hardly ever nice in this city.（这个城市的天气几乎从不好。
）3. 否定副词修饰副词：否定副词可以在句子中修饰副词，表示否定的含义。
常见的否定副词包括"not"（不）, "never"（从不）, "hardly"（几乎不）, "barely"（几乎不）, "scarcely"（几乎不）等。
第二十四讲否定英语中的否定结构形式多样, 有部分否定、全部否定、几乎否定、双重否定等。
在译成汉语时, 有时要将否定结构译成肯定含义, 有时又要将肯定结构译成否定含义; 有时在英语中否定主语, 可是译成汉语时就转换成否定谓语。
诸如此类的现象很多, 值得探讨。
一、常用否定表示法1. 部分否定代词或副词如all, both, every, everybody, every day, everyone, many, everything, entirely, altogether, absolutely, wholly, completely, everywhere, always , often 等与not 搭配使用时, 表示部分否定, 意为“并非都是, 不是每个都是”等。
例如:Both of them are not my brothers . 他们两个不全是我的兄弟。
这一句是部分否定, 不可译成“他们两个都不是我的兄弟”。
如要表达这个意思, 要说: Neither of them is my brother .All is not gold that glitters .= Not all is gold that glitters . 发光的并非都是黄金。
Every man can not do it .= Not every man can do it . 不是每个人都能做这件事。
I do not remember all these formulas . 这些公式我并非全都记得。
This kind of tree is not found everywhere . 这种树并非哪里都能找到。
Everyone can not answer this question . 并非每个人都能回答这个问题。
The rich are not always happy . 富人未必总是幸福的。
Every couple is not a pair . 成对成双多, 珠联璧合少。
否定句的构造及用法否定句是英语语法中重要的一部分，用于表达否定的意思。
在英语句子中，否定句的构造和用法是需要被仔细掌握的。
本文将介绍否定句的构造和用法，并给出一些例句。
1. 否定句的结构否定句的基本结构是在助动词或情态动词之后添加not，以表示否定的意思。
具体的结构如下：主语 + 助动词/情态动词 + not + 补充动词例如：- She does not like coffee.- He cannot speak French.如果句子中没有助动词或情态动词，可以使用do not或does not来构造否定句。
具体结构如下：主语 + do not/does not + 动词例如：- They do not play basketball.- He does not understand the question.2. 否定句中的一些注意事项在构造否定句时，需要注意以下几个方面：2.1. 主语为第三人称单数形式如果主语是第三人称单数形式，即he、she、it或单个名词，助动词需使用does not。
例如：- She does not like coffee.- The cat does not eat vegetables.2.2. 动词是be动词当动词是be动词时，直接在be动词后面添加not来构造否定句。
例如：- I am not happy with the result.- They were not at home yesterday.2.3. 动词的时态根据动词的时态，使用不同形式的助动词来构造否定句。
例如：- He did not go to the party.（一般过去时）- She has not finished her homework.（现在完成时）- They will not come to the meeting.（将来时）3. 否定句的用法否定句在英语中的用法广泛，它可以用于以下几种情况：3.1. 表达真实的否定使用否定句可以表达真实的否定陈述。
英语语法否定副词有哪些常见的例子以下是英语语法中常见的否定副词的例子：1. Not（不）- I am not happy.（我不快乐。
）- She does not want to go.（她不想去。
）2. Never（从不）- I never eat fast food.（我从不吃快餐。
）- They never go to bed early.（他们从不早睡。
）3. No（没有）- There is no milk in the fridge.（冰箱里没有牛奶。
）- He has no money.（他没有钱。
）4. None（没有）- None of the students passed the test.（没有一个学生通过了考试。
）- She had none of the required qualifications.（她没有任何所需的资格。
）5. Neither（两者都不）- Neither of them likes spicy food.（他们两个都不喜欢辣食。
）- Neither option is suitable for me.（两个选项都不适合我。
）6. Nor（也不）- I don't like coffee, nor do I like tea.（我不喜欢咖啡，也不喜欢茶。
）- He didn't study, nor did he attend the class.（他没有学习，也没有上课。
）7. Nowhere（无处）- I can't find my keys anywhere.（我到处都找不到我的钥匙。
）- They have nowhere to go for vacation.（他们没有地方去度假。
）8. Nothing（没有什么）- There is nothing in the box.（盒子里什么也没有。
）- He said nothing about the incident.（他对这件事情一言不发。
英语否定句翻译一、全部否定(Complete Negation)全部否定是指将句子否定对象加以全盘、彻底地否定。
常用的全部否定词与习惯用语有：not， no， none， never，nobody， nothing，neither…nor， nowhere， no one，etc. 只要使用上述否定词，都是具有全部否定意义的句子。
翻译成中文时，一般把全部否定词照翻即可。
例：He is not a translator.他不是翻译。
This problem is so difficult that none of us can solve it.这个问题太难，我们当中没人能解决。
二、部分否定(Partial Negation)部分否定在英语句子中是对some，all，both，every，many，much，always，often等词的否定，不论否定词“ not”放在这些词的前面，还是同句中谓语一起构成否定式谓语，都属于部分否定。
可译为：“并非所有的都”；“并不全是”；“不一定总是”。
例：All that glitters is not gold. (=Not all that glitters is gold.) 闪光的东西不一定都是金子。
Both of the instruments are not precision ones. (=Not bothof the instruments are precision ones.)这两台仪器并不都是精密仪器。
从以上两例可看出，not every=some，not both=one，notalways=sometimes，not wholly=in some degree not together=somewhat.三、双重否定(Double Negation)双重否定是指两个否定词并用，否定同一个单词，或者一个否定词否定另一个否定词，其否定意义互相抵消得到肯定意义。
否定句的构成掌握否定句的构成和使用方法否定句是指通过对正面陈述进行否定来表达相反意思的句子。
在英语语法中，否定句的构成和使用是非常重要的一部分。
掌握否定句的构成和使用方法，可以帮助我们更准确地表达自己的意思，避免语义上的误解。
本文将介绍否定句的基本构成，以及常见的否定句使用方法。
一、否定句的基本构成否定句的基本构成通常由以下几个要素组成：主语、助动词（或情态动词）、not、动词的原形或be动词的过去式。
具体构成如下：1. 主语 + do/does/did + not + 动词的原形：这种形式用于一般现在时、一般过去时以及一般将来时的否定句。
例如：I do not like apples.（我不喜欢苹果。
）2. 主语 + is/am/are/was/were + not + 动词的ing形式：这种形式用于进行时的否定句。
例如：She is not watching TV.（她不在看电视。
）3. 主语 + has/have/had + not + 动词的过去分词：这种形式用于完成时的否定句。
例如：We have not finished our work.（我们还没有完成工作。
）4. 主语 + will/shall + not + 动词的原形：这种形式用于将来时的否定句。
例如：He will not go to the party.（他不会去参加聚会。
）二、否定句的使用方法否定句的使用方法有以下几种情况：1. 否定陈述：用于表示否定的陈述句，即将原本的肯定陈述句转化为否定句。
例如：He is not a doctor.（他不是医生。
）2. 否定命令：用于表示禁止或不允许的命令。
在命令句中，常用"Don't + 动词原形"的形式来构成否定句。
例如：Don't be late.（不要迟到。
）3. 否定疑问：用于表示带有否定意义的疑问句。
在疑问句中，将助动词（或情态动词）提到句首，然后加上not。
英语中部分否定四种表示方法
英语中的部分否定(也称不完全否定)是高中阶段重要的语法之一，对它的`正确理解和分析有助于我们对文章的理解，并且可以提高解题的准确性。
以下是店铺整理的英语中部分否定四种表示方法，希望对大家有所帮助。
英语中的部分否定（即不完全否定）有如下一些表示方法：
一、 all 的否定式：not all（或：allnot）表示并非都、不是所有的都例如：
Not all men can be masters. （= All men cannot be masters.）并非人人都能当头头。
Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都会长得很高。
二、 both 的否定式：not both （或：both not）并非两个都例如：
I dont want both the books. 我不是两本书都要。
Both （the） windows are not open. 两扇窗子并不都开着。
三、 every的否定式：不是每都例如：
Not every book is educative. （或：Every book is not educative.）不是每本书都有教育意义的。
Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜欢这本书。
This flower is not seen everywhere. 这花并不是随处可见的。
四、 always的否定式：并非总是（并非一直）例如：
He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都这样悲伤。
否定专项练习1. We are too busy to take a long holiday this year, ________ the fact that we can't afford it.A) not to speak B) not to mention C) to say anything of D) much less2. He didn’t arrive ________ the game had begun.A) until B) after C) when D) before3. They could hardly keep themselves alive, ________ look after a wife and children.A) or not B) and even not C) let alone D) as opposed to4. He is ________ have done such a foolish thing.A) as experienced as to B) more experienced than toC) too experienced to D) only too experienced to5. All knowledge is ________ , and when it fails to lead the students into the correct path, it is either in itself bad, or it has been very imperfectly acquired.A) bad B) not well C) worse D) not good6. ________ other big cats, leopards are expert climbers.A) The most unlike B) They are unlike mostC) Unlike the most D) Unlike most7. We should ________ look down upon the people who are inferior to us.A) by no means B) by any means C) at all D) in any way8. It won’t be long ________ imperialism comes to its end.A) when B) after C) until D) before9. She can ________ be held responsible for the terrible accident.A) in any way B) in a wayC) in no way D) in the way10. You are not to let anyone know where we are going ________.A) under no circumstances B) under any circumstancesC) by every means D) at no time11. Miss Keller was so intelligent that I could not ________ .A) but admire her B) admire herC) admiring her D) to admire her12. The ministry had no alternative ________ our rates.A) except raising B) but raiseC) but to raise D) without raising13. I will not lose confidence in the great cause ________.A) at no time B) at timesC) at a time D) at any time14. No human beings could possibly copy down all these facts, ________ remember and organize them.A) much more B) much lessC) still more D) more than15. The students cannot be ________ careful in performing the experiment as it is such a critical link in the whole project.A) very B) tooC) quite D) so16. ________ to finish quickly.A) No every student wantsB) No every student wantC) Not every student wantsD) Not every student want17. The students are ________ with these two famous scientists in the lab.A) too pleased to workB) too pleased that they cannot workC) only too pleased to workD) so pleased that they cannot work18. He does not know English, ________ German or French.A) nothing to say about B) to say nothing ofC) anything to say about D) to say anything of19. It's nearly impossible to go through a major city ________ a person who is or appears to be homeless.A) not to have seen B) not to seeC) without seeing D) without being seen20. I've got ________ Sundays free this month.A) never B) notC) none D) no21. The book is ________ me, but I'll never give up studying.A) above B) overC) under D) below22. I don't believe it. I think he is ________ such a thing.A) the only person to do B) the first person to doC) the last person to do D) the very person to do23. The experiment is ________ ; it was a great success.A) far from being a failure B) far away from a failureC) more than a failure D) nothing but a failure24. You can't be ________ careful when driving on the highway.A) very B) quiteC) so D) too25. The old lady whom Jack quarreled with yesterday is ________ Mary.A) not other than B) none other thanC) nobody other than D) no one other than26. If we're attacked we can't but ________ in self-defense.A) to fight back B) fight backC) fighting back D) only to fight back27. I know nothing about his journey ________ he is to be away for a month.A) provided that B) supposing thatC) now that D) except that28. I have never been back since we moved out, not even to the town, ________ to the house where I was born.A) still less B) still notC) even not D) no to mention29. I ________ her skill of performance, though I don't like her personally.A) can't but admitting B) can't help but admittingC) can't help but to admit D) can't help but admit30. She is ________ diligent than he is.A) no B) notC) no more D) not more1-5 BACBD 6-10 DADCB 11-15 ACDBB 16-20 CCBCD 21-25 ACADB 26-30 BDADC。
“否定形式”一、显性否定1●，none，nobody，nothing，nowhere，neither，nor，neither...nor，but，without，unless，but for，but that，in the absence of，regardless of，instead of，exclusive of，short of，rather than，anything but，any more than，out of the question，would no more...than●由a-，dis-，il-，im-，ir-，un-，non-，anti-，mal-，under-等前缀及-less，-free，-proof 等后缀合成的否定词●hardly，scarcely，barely，little，few，seldom 等半否定词●avoid，ban，call off，cancel，deny，deprive，exclude，escape，evade，forbid，free...from，free from/of，fail，hate，ignore，lack，lose，miss，naught，neglect，prohibit，quit, refuse，rid，rule out，stop 以及above，against，beneath，beyond，far from，off，out of，past 和absent，bad，bare，empty，last，poor，vacant 等可用于表达否定概念的词。
这类否定句要注意如下三个问题：否定程度的强弱，说话者的态度以及否定句式表肯定概念1.He is not richer than I. 他不比我富。
2.He is no richer than I. 他和我一样，也不富。
3.He is not a statesman. 他不是政治家。
4.He is no statesman. 他绝非政治家。
否定：全部否定和部分否定：eg. All the birds can not fly. Not all the birds can fly. 不是所有的鸟都会飞。
1. 部分否定eg. All the birds can not fly. 并非所有的鸟都会飞。
None of the birds can fly. 所有的鸟都不会飞。
代词或副词如all, both,every,everybody, every day, everyone, everything, everywhere等与not 搭配使用时，表示部分否定，意思为“并非都是"等。
eg. All is not gold that glitters. 发光的并非都是金子。
= Not all is gold that glitters.2. 全部否定英语中常用not, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, neither, never等表示全部否定的概念。
eg. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。
eg. W: Daddy, I 've decided to give up science and go to business school.M: Well, it is your choice as long as pay your own way, but I should warn youthat not everyone with a business degree will make a successful manager.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?A. The man doesn't have money for his daughter's graduate studies.B. The man doesn't think his daughter will get a business degree.C. The man insists that his daughter should pursue her studies in science.D. The man advises his daughter to think carefully before making her decision.实例练习：1．M: Wow, that's a big assignment we've got for the psychology class. W: Well , it's not as bad as it looks. It isn't due until Thursday morning. Q: What does the women mean?。
A. The assignment looks easy but actually it's quite difficult.B. The assighment is too difficult for them to complete on time.C. They cannot finish the assighment until Thursday.D.They have plenty of time to work on the assighment.2．M: I ran into our friend Mark yesterday on the street and he said he hadn't heard from you for two months.W: Yes, I know. But I've been too busy to phone him.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?A. The man saw Mark on the street two months ago.B. The woman had forgotten Mark's phone number.C. The woman made a phone call to Mark yesterday.D.Mark and the woman had not been in touch for some time.阅读当中：eg. Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too wague or too misleading to meet ISO standards.（0506阅读）调查者将约2，000种产品上所标有的环保声明记录了下来，发现许多声明要么过于模糊，要么误导性太强，都不符合ISO 标准。
eg. "Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise." said Dr.Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body.（0512阅读）人们不应该躲避压力就像他们不应该躲避食物、爱情或锻炼身体一样，no more .... than...= not....any more than...eg. But those captured were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Centralor South America.（0606阅读）这些被捕获的人绝对不是恐怖分子，他们之中大多数人只是中南美洲的非法移民。
eg. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America's energy problems.（0506阅读）国家资源防御委员会坚信政府勘探预测中数据的下限，认为在ANWR 的沿岸平原地带可以经济性开采的石油只有32亿桶。
这个数量对于缓解美国的能源问题实际上起不到什么作用，简直是沧海一粟。
1.So many students get failed in the final examination. It is strange that such a thing __1__in your school. It is important that the results of an experiment__2___.1. [a]happens happened[c]should happen [d]had happened2.[a]check and recheck checking and rechecking[c]be checked and rechecked [d]checked and rechecked2.The people who knew him very well said that he was too nave sometimes. Had he been older,he___1___less sympathetic. But what he had done proved that he was the person, loving life, also a hero who can help others out of trouble.___2___his timely arrival, the boy would have been drowned. That gained respects for him.3.[a]might have been would be[c]might be [d]had been4.[a]But for Even for[c]Except for [d]If not1. 选[c]该题考察表示惊奇、高兴、遗憾、担心等感情色彩的形容词引起的主语从句中的虚拟语气的表达。
在anxious, sorry, concerned, happy, delighted等表示感情色彩的形容词后接的that 从句中，用should来修饰谓语动词。
该句中有strange一次，意为“奇怪”，表示对事物的惊讶或不满，it为形式主语，that从句为主语从句，要求从句中用虚拟语气的表达形式should+动词原形表示2. 选[c]该题考察it’s+adj.+that主语从句的虚拟形式。
观察句子结构可以看出这里为It’s+形容词(important)+that从句结构，形容词important做表语，主语从句需要虚拟形式should+动词原形，should可以省略3. 选[a]该题考察非真实条件的虚拟。
在表示过去情况的虚拟条件句中，条件从句用了过去完成时形式，主句可用should(would/could/might)+have+过去分词的形式4. 选[a]该题考察含蓄条件的虚拟。
But for含义为“要不是”，用于此处可以表达假设条件，but for his timely arrival=If it had not been for his timely arrival或If he had not arrived on time. 四六级考试中的完形填空不仅测试应试者在词汇和句子水平上运用语言的能力，还测试应试者在语篇上综合运用语言结构的能力。
完形填空中所填的词是与文章的上下文紧密联系的。
因此，要做好完形填空，必须要在通读全文、把握结构与大意的前提下，根据所提供的选项及句子的结构、语法、语篇等信息，通过逻辑推理、对比等手段最后确定答案。
