音标

/i:/ bee/bi:/ feet/fi:t/ keep/ki:p/ key/ki:/ team/ti:m/ meet/mi:t/。

/i/it /it/ big/big/ city/siti/ give/giv/ sick/sik//e/ get/get/ best/best/ text/tekst/ help/help//æ/fat/fæt/ have/hæv/ cat/kæt/ back/bæk/ hat/hæt//a:/ laugh/la:f/ glass/gla:s/ half/ha:f/ farm/fa:m/ park/pa:k// ɔ:/ horse/hɔ: s/ saw/sɔ:/ corn/kɔ:n/ course/kɔ:s/ salt/sɔ:t// ɔ / dog/dɔg/ pot/pɔt/ cost/kɔst/ what/wɔt/ honest/′ɔnist//u:/ food/fu:d/ moon/mu:n/ rule/ru:l/ loose/lu:s/ noon/nu:n//u/ book/buk/ put/put/ good/gud/ would/wud/ could/kud/(/ ʌ / must/mʌst/ does/dʌz/ money/′mʌni/ ugly/′ʌgli/ come/kʌm//ə:/ nurse/nə:s/ bird/bə:d/ burn/bə:n/ turn/tə:n/ girl/gə:l//ə / better/betə/ never/nevə/ worker/wə:kə/ welcome/welkəm//ei/ may/mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/eidʒ//əu/ no/nəu/ home/həum/ hope/həup/ wrote/rəut/ note/nəut/ pose/pəuz//ai/ eye/ai/ time/taim/ buy/bai/ right/rait/ bike/baik/ kite/kait//au/ now/nau/ out/aut/ how/hau/ about/ ə′baut/ south/sauθ/ house/haus//ɔi/ boy/bɔi/ toy/tɔi/ noise/nɔiz/ voice/vɔis/ point/pɔint/ coin/kɔin/!/iə/ ear/iə/ near/niə/ idea/ai′diə/ hear/hiə/ mere/miə/ spear/spiə//εə/ air/εə/ tear/tεə/ care/kεə/ dare/dεə/ fair/fεə/ there/ðεə//uə/ tour/tuə/ poor/puə/ sure/ʃuə/ moor/muə/(停泊) your/juə//p/ pea/pi:/ pie/pai/ top/tɔp/ cap/kæp/ people/pi:pl/ pride/praid//b/bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/blæk/ bear/bεə//t/ let/let/ sat/sæt/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid//d/ led/led/ sad/sæd/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/diə//k/ lack/læk/ take/teik/ clock/klɔk/ class/kla:s/ weekend/′wi:kend/^/g/ big/big/ lag/læg/ glass/gla:s/ gum/gʌm/ good/gud/ guest/gest//f/ face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/ surf/sə:f/ favorite/′feivərit//v/ very/′veri/ five/faiv/ fever/′fi:və/ serve/sə:v/ never/′nevə//θ/ bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡) thick/θik/ mouth/mauθ/ breath/breθ/(n呼吸) thought/θɔ:t/ author/´ɔθə/ truth/tru:θ//ð/the/ ðə/ they/ðei/ that/ðæt/ mother/′mʌðə/ thus/ ðʌs/ then/ðen/ /s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/kæps/ likes/laiks/ stops/stɔps//z/ close/kləuz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/bɔiz/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/》/tʃ/ catch/kætʃ/ cheep/tʃi:p/ rich/ritʃ/ watch/wtʃ/ child/tʃaild/ question/kwestʃən/ teach/ti:tʃ/ challenge/tʃlindʒ//dʒ/orange/′ɔridʒ/ large/la:dʒ/ juice/dʒu:s/ job/dʒɔb//tr/tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/ trouble/traubl/ track/træk//dr/ dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/driŋk/ hundred/′hʌndrid//ʃ/ she/ʃi:/ sharp/ʃa:p/ fish/fiʃ/ shock/ʃɔk/ shoe/ʃu://ʒ/pleasure/′pleʒə/ measure/′meʒə/ television/′teliviʒən//ts/let′s/lets/ sports/spɔ:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts//dz/ hands/hændz/ birds/bə:dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/ stands/stændz/[/h/ he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/hə:d/ half/ha:f//l/like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/lə:n/ lead/li:d/ light/lait//m/ my/mai/ more/mɔ:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/ men/men//n/nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain//ŋ/ sing/siŋ/ wing/wiŋ/ ring/riŋ/ long/lɔŋ/ beautiful/bju:təfl//j/you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/′mju:zik/ student/′stju:dnt/ excuse/ik′skju:z//w/ work/wə:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/wɔt/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin//r/ red/red/ road/rəud/ write/rait/ wrong/rɔŋ/ problem/′prɔbləm/)音标综合练习/mʌnθ/ /θi:f/ /ðæt/ /ðæn/ /feiθ/ /tə′geðə/ /θæŋk/ /ðəm′selvz/ month thief that than faith together thank themselvesThe sun Tongue Twister(绕口令)(1)There are thirty-three trees there. (θ, ð)(2)A big black bug bit the back of the big black bear. The big black bear beat back the big black bug. (/b/)(3)She sells seashells on the seashore,and the shells she sells are seashells. I′m sure because if she sells shells at the seashore,the shells she sells are seashells for sure.(/ θ/,/s/,/z/,/ʃ/)！(4)There is a kitten in the the kitchen,I fly the fly flies into the kitchen whileI′m frying the chicken.( /tʃ/)(5)You are no need to light a night light on a light night like a night,light′s a slight light and tonight′s a night that′s a night′s light like tonight′s light,it′s really not quit right to light night lights with their slight light′s on the light night like tonight.(/n/--/l/)(6)The sun shines on the small shop signs.(/s/--/ʃ/)(7)Why didn′t you do that what I told you to do (/ /--/ /)(8)The doctor′s daughter knocked at the locked door.(9)Mike likes to write by the nice bright light at night.(10)Is this pair of scissors of his sister′s Yes,this is the pair of scissors of his sister′s . (/s/--/z/)(11)Pete picked up a piece of paper and put it into the paper basket. (/p/)|(12)William wants to know whether the weather will be wetter tomorrow. (/w/)[ i: ] ee：three tree green sheep meet beef see seek weekea：eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean pleasee：he she me theseie：piece receive ceiling field[ i ] ：i：sit picture it is if list six mix fix fit pig big build miss milk ship with window beginy：myth many twenty happy dictionarye：defect decide delicious|[ e ] ：ea：head bread pleasure readye ：elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotelyes well get very step men listen[E:] ：ir：girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird firstur：turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger hurtear：learn earn earth hearder：term her nerd serve verbor：work worm worker word world worse[E] ：er：teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powderor：doctor actor mayor author tractor forgeto：together tomorrow today Washington control polite policeman o’clock a：around account ago elephant banana China breakfast American abovee：hundred studentar：car farm card arm garden party stara：fast class last glass plantare：areu：up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus cut us luck but cut o：come mother brother love above month ou ：trouble rough flourishoo：blood floodal：small wall talk tall hall ball call walkor：short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store au：author caughtour：four mourn courtar：warm quarrel quarteraw：draw saw flawou：bought oughtoo：food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth school too noodle coolu：true truth blueoo：look good foot book cookou：should could wouldu：put full bull pull pusho：woman wolfing ：sing king morning evening cial ：social special sion ：propulsion tension progression passion protrusion provision conclusion television tion ：station nation translation attention question ear：pear bear air：chair air fair hair pair are：care hare ere：there where eer：beer deer ear：ear dear near ere：here ea：idea ie：fierce oy：boy toy joy oi：oil soil voice choice noise join o：home cold go no phone host ghost nose ow：know low below grow blow show flow window yellow oa：boat coat goal road [ au ] ou：house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse round about ow：flower down now cow how towna：name cake late gate plane April face take radio space ay：play say may way today May ea：great break ai：rain paint plain ey：they greyoo：look good foot book cook ou：should could would u：put full bull pull push o：woman wolf。

一、长元音/i:/ 外号“长衣音"词汇拓展：we /wi:/ she /ʃ i：/ meet /mi：t/ each/i：tʃ/ eat /i：t/ me /mi:/ green /gri：n/对应的字母：e—Chin错误!se ei—rec错误!ve ie-bel错误!veee-f错误!ling ea—pl错误!se实用操练：1。

Speaking English is a piece of cake。

2。

Seeing is believing。

3。

Please feel free to visit anytime.二、短元音/ɪ/ 外号“短衣音”词汇拓展：sit［sɪt] big[bɪg] visit[ˈvɪzɪt］six [sɪks］list [lɪst] trip [trɪp]对应的字母：i-v错误!s错误!t u-b错误!sy y-prett错误!e—English ui—b错误!ld实用操练:1. Where there is a will, there is a way。

2。

I’m pretty busy.三、元音/e/ 外号“45度”音词汇拓展：bed /bed/ head /hed/ many /menɪ/ any/enɪ/ pen /pen/ egg /eg/ let/let/对应的字母：e—b错误!d ea—h错误!d a—m错误!ny实用操练：1.Better late than never。

2.East or west, home is best。

四、音标/æ/ 外号“90度大嘴音"词汇拓展：plan /plæn/ glad /glæd/ stand /stænd/bag/bæg/ cat /kæt/ hat /hæt/对应的字母: a-错误!pple实用操练：1.I have a happy family.2. Not bad.五、音标/ɜ：/ 外号“重读卷舌音”词汇拓展：her /hɜ：/ girl /gɜ：l/ nurse /nɜ：s/ worker/ˈwɜ：kə(r)/ first/fɜ:st/ learn /lɜ:n/对应的字母：er-pref○er ir-d○，irty or—w错误!ld ur-h错误!t实用操练:1. Nobody is perfect.2.The early bird catches the worm.六、音标/ə/ 外号“短鹅音”词汇拓展:teacher[ˈti:tʃə(r)］driver [ˈdraɪvə(r）]doctor [ˈdɒktə（r）] actor [ˈæktə（r）］sister ［ˈsɪstə(r)］brother [ˈbrʌðə（r)］对应的字母：er—dinn错误!or-doct错误!u-s错误!pposea—错误!lone o—intr错误!duce实用操练：1。

国际音标元音部分：1)、单元音： [i:] [i] [ɔ:] [ɔ] [u:] [u] [ə:] [ə] [ɑ:] [ʌ] [e] [æ]2)、双元音： [ei] [ai] [ɔi] [iə] [ɛə] [uə] [au] [əu]辅音部分：清辅音[p] 浊辅音[b] [t] [d] [k] [g] [f] [v] [s] [z][θ] [ð] [ʃ] [ʒ] [tʃ] [dʒ] [tr][dr] [ts][dz][m] [n] [ŋ] [h] [l] [r] [j] [w]音标二三26个字母的自然发音元音字母的自然发音：Aa/æ/ Ee/e/ Ii /ɪ / Oo/ɒ / Uu/ʌ/辅音字母的自然发音：Bb /b/ Cc /k/ Dd /d/ Ff /f/ Gg /g/ Hh /h/ Jj /dʒ/ Kk /k/ Ll /l/ Mm /m/ Nn /n/ Pp /p/ qu/kw/ Rr /r/Ss /s/ Tt /t/ Vv /v/ Ww /w/ Xx /ks/ Yy /j/ Zz /z/四. 单元音/i:/ /i/ 辅音/p/ /b/ /t/ /d//i:/ 发音字母1. Ee : me he she we发音字母组合2. ee : bee meet发音字母组合3. ea : tea eat meat/i/ 发音字母Ii : sit pig bit/p/ 发音字母Pp: ship pig pet/b/ 发音字母Bb: book bed big/t/ 发音字母Tt: tea sit toy/d/ 发音字母Dd: do注意在/s/音后面，/p/ /t/要浊化成它对应的浊辅音。

例：sport stand五.单元音：/ɜː/ /ə/ /ɑː/ /ʌ/ 辅音：/k/ /g//ɜː/ 发音字母组合ir : bird girl 发音字母组合ur :nurse/ə/ 发音字母组合er: luler father sister/ɑː/ 发音字母组合ar : car hard card/ʌ/ 发音字母u : under us bus/k/ 发音字母k: kite book发音字母组合c: cat car发音字母组合ck: black back/g/ 发音字母g: pig big六. 单元音：/e/ /æ/ 辅音：/f/ /v/ /s/ /z//e/ 发音字母Ee :egg bed let pen ten发音字母组合ea :bread breakfast head bread/æ/ 发音字母Aa : bag apple cap map/f/ 发音字母Ff: father five life/v/ 发音字母Vv: five very vegetable live leave/s/ 发音字母s/ss: dress class desks so sit stand/z/ 发音字母Zz: zoo七.单元音：/u:/ /ʊ/ 辅音：/θ/ /ð/ /ts/ /dz//u:/ 发音字母组合oo : zoo school发音字母Uu: blue ruler/ʊ/ 发音字母组合oo : look book good/θ/发音字母组合th: thank Thursday/ð/ 发音字母组合th :this that with/ts/发音字母组合cats hats sits/dz/发音字母组合beds birds needs八.元音：/ɔ:/ / ɒ/辅音：/ʃ/ /ʒ/ /h/ /r//ɔ:/ 发音字母组合al : ball call 发音字母组合oor : door floor /ɒ/ 发音字母o : lot cop hot/ʃ/ 发音字母组合sh: fish dish ship/ʒ/ 发音字母s: television/h/ 发音字母h: hat home 发音字母组合wh: who/r/ 发音字母组合r : red right九.辅音/tʃ/ /dʒ/ /tr/ /dr//tʃ/ 发音字母组合ch ：chair China child peach teacher/dʒ/ 发音字母g : age orange page gentle发音字母j : jeep Jack juice jump/tr/ 发音字母组合tr ：tree truck try track/dr/ 发音字母组合dr ：dress drink dry driver十.元音：/eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/ 辅音：/m/ /n/ /ŋ//eɪ/ 发音字母Aa: cake bake lake/aɪ/ 发音字母Ii: bike kite发音字母组合igh: night high/ɔɪ/ 发音字母组合oy: boy toy发音字母组合oi：toilet/m/ 发音字母Mm: mother mouth/n/ 发音字母Nn: neck nice nine/ŋ/ 发音字母组合ng: long song十一.元音/əʊ/ /aʊ/ 辅音：/l/ /w/ /j//əʊ/ 发音字母o : nose go no note photo发音字母组合ow : bow low blow know show slow发音字母组合oa : boat coat goat/aʊ/ 发音字母组合ow: now wow cow tower发音字母组合ou: house out count loud/l/ 发音字母Ll：low loud letter/w/ 发音字母Ww：wow what why/j/ 发音字母Yy：yes yellow十二.元音/ɪə / /eə/ / ʊə //ɪə/ 发音字母组合ear: ear hear near发音字母组合eer: deer beer/eə/ 发音字母组合air: air hair chair发音字母组合ear : bear pear/ʊə/ 发音字母组合ure: sure发音字母组合our: tour tourist。

什么是音标？音标就是记录音素的符号，是音素的标写符号。

它的制定原则是:一个音素只用一个音标表示，一个音标只表示一个音素。

如汉语拼音字母、英语的韦氏音标和国际音标等。

狭义上的”音标“意思就是指英语音标。

音标的分类音标的种类繁多，美国有美国的音标(KK音标)，英国有英国的音标(DJ音标)，在英国还有牛津、剑桥自己出的音标，加上近期访间出版的韦氏音标、新国际音标…，因此就出现了张三音标、李四音标，版本非常的多。

在众多版本中，使用较普遍的有英英的DJ音标和IPA 音标, 以及美英的KK音标。

标音法用音标标记语音的方法叫标音法。

一般分为严式标音法和宽式标音法两种。

所谓严式标音，就是出现什么音素就记录什么音素，有什么伴随现象就记录什么伴随现象。

无论什么音素和什么伴随现象都不放过，也就是最忠实、最细致的记录语音的原貌。

所以，严式标音又称为“音素标音”。

它是一种详尽记录发音特征和差别的标音，特点就是，对一种语言或方言中实际存在的每一个音素（不论它们是否属于同一个音位），都用特定的音标加以标记。

因此，严式标音使用的音标很多，对语音的刻画描写很细致，大多是在调查第一手材料时使用，在其它场合只是间或使用。

所谓宽式标音，是在严式标音的基础上，整理处一种语音的音位系统，然后按音位来标记语音，也就是只记音位，不记音位变体及其它非本质的伴随现象。

因此，宽式标音又称为“音位标音”。

用宽式标音，可以把音标数目限制在有限范围之内，因而能把一种语言或方言的音系反映得简明清晰。

这种音标法常见于词典和教科书。

而实际上，同一语音在不通的语音环境中的发音不尽相同，比如Pit和spit中的/P/音发音就不一样。

在宽式标音的基础上，再用变音符号表示同一语音在不同的语音环境下不同发音的标音法叫做窄式标音法。

国际音标是什么？国际音标（The International Phonetic Alphabet，简称IPA）是一组语言学者用来个别标示各种人类所能发出来的声音（指单音或音素）的语音符号系统，作为统一标示所有语言中语音的标准符号，其中大多数的符号都取自或衍伸自罗马字母，其它的有些是从希腊字母，有些则明显地与其它任何的字母标准毫无关系。