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1.非物质文化遗产Intangible Cultural Heritage2.世界文化遗产World Cultural Heritage3.孔子Confucius4.论语Analects of Confucius5.孔子学院Confucius Institute6.五岳Five Holy Mountians/ Five Sacred Mountains7.咸（淡）水湖saltwater/ freshwater lake8.长江The Yangtze River9.黄河The Yellow River10.中华文明的摇篮The Cradle of Chinese Civilization11.世界屋脊The Roof of the World12.春联Spring Couplets13.春晚Spring Festival Gala14.红包red packet15.灯谜lantern riddles16.赛龙舟Dragon-boat Racing17.端午节Dragon Boat Festival18.清明节Tomb-sweeping Festival/Day19.元宵节Lantern Festival20.寒食节Cold Food Day21.开斋节Fast-breaking Festival22.古尔邦节Corban23.歌圩节Singing Fair24.泼水节Water Splashing Festival25.那达慕大会Nadam Fair26.藏历新年Tibetan New Year27.火把节Torch Festival28.母系氏族matriarchal commune29.父系氏族patriarchal commune30.三皇五帝Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors31.炎黄子孙Descendants of Yandi and Huangdi32.禅让制demise system33.世袭制hereditary system34.天命Mandate of the Heaven35.春秋时期Spring and Autumn Period36.战国时期Warring States Period37.百家争鸣The Contention of a Hundred Schools of Thought38.焚书坑儒burning books and burying scholars alive39.鸦片战争The Opium War40.半殖民地半封建社会The semi-colonial and semi-feudal society41.青铜器bronze vessels/ bronze ware42.甲骨文Oracle bone inscription43.金文/铭文/ 钟鼎文bronze inscription44.小篆small seal script45.隶书clerical script46.《三国演义》Romance of the Three Kingdoms47.《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions48.《水浒传》Outlaws of the Marsh/Warter Margin49.《西游记》Journey to the West50.儒家Confucianism51.亚圣Second Sage52.仁义礼智信benevolence, righteousness, rites, wisdom and trustworthiness53.四书五经Four Books and Five Classics (details)54.上善若水The supreme virtue is like that of water55.以柔弱克刚强The weak conquering the strong56.五常Five constant virtues57.无为inaction58.道家Taoism/Daoism59.法家Legalism60.墨家Mohism61.理学Neo-Confucianism62.四谛The Four Noble Truths63.八正道The Noble Eightfold Path64.佛教Buddhism65.基督教Christianity66.伊斯兰教Islam67.农民工migrant workers68.留守儿童left-behind children69.空巢老人empty nesters70.贫富差距wealth gap71.全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC)72.中国人民政治协商会议Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)73.中国共产党Communist Party of China (CPC)74.中华人民共和国People’s Republic of China (PRC)75.楷书standard script76.草书cursive script77.行书semi-cursive script78.国务院State Council79.执政党The party in power/ the ruling party80.皇家园林imperial garden81.私家园林private garden82.文房四宝Four Treasures of the Study83.油画oil painting84.水墨画ink-and-wash painting85.人物画figure painting86.山水画landscape painting87.花鸟画flower-bird painting88.空巢家庭The Empty Nest89.传统中医Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)90.草药Herbal Medicine91.五行Five Elements92.八卦Eight Diagrams93.八大菜系eight cuisines94.武术martial arts95.科举考试civil service examination96.书圣Sage Calligrapher97.青花瓷blue-and-white porcelain98.三从四德three obedience and four virtues99.京剧Peking/Beijing Opera100.皮影戏Chinese Puppet Art/ shadow play/shadow puppetry。
先秦文化先秦是中国文化的发展由萌芽到初具体系规模的时期。
中国文化的起源是多元的，有人喻之为“满天星斗”，但主要源头有三，一是东夷文化，二是西夏文化，三是南蛮文化。
东夷文化起源于黄河下游的今山东、苏北地区，东夷族的著名领袖有太昊、少昊、蚩尤、帝喾、舜等。
西夏文化发源于黄河中上游的今陕甘晋南地区，著名领袖有炎帝、黄帝、颛顼、尧等。
南蛮文化起源于江淮流域，领袖有盘瓠等。
东夷和西夏二族的发展是沿黄河对进，长期的又战又和的格局最终促成了民族间的融合，形成了华夏族的前身。
夷、夏文明的冲撞为中国古代文化的形成奠定了基础。
华夏集团又南下征服了南蛮集团，形成了中华民族的雏形。
他们远祧炎帝、黄帝二祖，所以中华民族又被称为“炎黄子孙”。
夏、商、西周史称“三代”，“三代”是统一的、宗法性的王权专制国家形成发展的时期。
在这一时期，“溥天之下，莫非王土，率土之滨，莫非王臣”的大一统观念逐渐形成，宗法性质的礼乐文化成型，并对以后中国文化的发展打下了深刻的印记，中国被称为“礼仪之邦”。
所谓“礼仪”文化，指通过繁复的、无所不在的礼节规定，将每个人的社会角色意识加以强化，明确其应该享有的权利和应该承担的义务。
三代的物质文明成果是青铜文化，精美绝伦的青铜器成为世界古代文明的瑰宝。
商代的甲骨文、西周的青铜铭文已经是相当成熟的文字，构字方法已有了象形、指事、会意和形声，并出现了由这些文字记录而成的文献。
春秋、战国是中国早期文化大发展并形成初步体系和规模的时期。
虽然在这一时期政治上呈现出列国争霸兼并的割据状态，但共同的民族文化意识将这些割据战争定性为民族的统一战争，战争成为中国走上新的统一的途径。
在战争中，更多的部族国家参与进来，促进了更大范围的文化融合，从而为秦汉统一的封建大帝国的建立打下了基础。
与政治上的割据状态相适应的是思想领域“百家争鸣”的局面。
春秋末年孔子首创私学，打破了“学在官府”的学术垄断，建立了儒家学派。
孔子是中国文化继往开来的伟大人物，他整理了夏商周“三代”的文化成果“五经”，即《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《易》、《春秋》，又创立了“礼”和“仁”结合的思想体系，开辟了中国思想文化的新局面。
一、Translation of the useful expressions文化融合，政治统一/劝农抑商/吐故纳新/炎黄子孙/甲骨文/焚书坑儒/ 消灾祈福/性善论/否极泰来/普天之下，莫非王土，率土之滨，莫非王臣二、True or false questions.1. China’s ancient civilization originated mainly in the Yellow River Valley and the Yangtze River Valley. ( )2. In Primitive society, three types of regional economy—farming, pasturage and fishing gradually came into existence. ( )3. In the Qin Dynasty, Taoism came into being. ( )4. Buddhism was introduced to China in middle of the Han Dynasties. ( )5. The four great inventions all appeared in Song Dynasty. ( )6. Mencius supposed that every man is kind by nature. ( )7. The Five Classics includes The Book of Songs, Collections of Ancient Texts, The Rites, The Book of Changes and The Book of Analects by Confucius. ( )8. Situated in the continent of Southeast Asia, China is located in relatively enclosed geographical surroundings. ( )9. The unique thinking pattern of the Chinese are the dialectical thinking and the thinking in the mode of Confucian classics’ study. ( )10. The scroll of painting entitled The Festival of Pure Brightness on the River presented a vivid panorama of the town life in Tang Dynasty. ( )三、Poem Translation▪春晓▪—孟浩然▪春眠不觉晓，▪处处闻啼鸟；▪夜来风雨声，▪花落知多少。
- 四大名著-《三国演义》 Three Kingdoms《西游记》 Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West《水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin《红楼梦》 Dream of the Red Mansions- 经典作品 -《史记》 Historical Records《资治通鉴》 History as a Mirror; Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers《山海经》 The Classic of Mountains and Rivers《孝经》 Book of Filial Piety《孙子兵法》The Art of War《三字经》 The Three-Character Scripture; The Three-Word Chant《西厢记》The Romance of West Chamber《聊斋志异》Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio; Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio- 近现代佳作 -《围城》 Fortress Besieged《阿 Q 正传》 The True Story of Ah Q《吾国吾民》 My Country and My People 《京华烟云》 Moment in Peking《骆驼祥子》 Rickshaw《茶馆》 Teahouse《边城》 The Border Town《倾城之恋》 Love in a Fallen City《十八春》 Eighteen Springs- 四书五经 -四书五经The Four Books and The Five Classics 1、四书 the Four Books《大学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》The Analects of Confucius《孟子》The Mencius/The Works of Mencius2、五经 The Five Classics《春秋》the Spring and Autumn Annals《诗经》The Book of Songs; The Book of Odes 《易经》( 《周易》) I Ching; The Book of Changes 《礼记》The Book of Rites《尚书》(《书经》)The Book of History- 传统节日 -十二生肖the twelve Chinese zodiac signs本命年one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches传统节日traditional holidays春节the Spring Festival元宵节the Lantern Festival清明节 the Pure Brightness Festival/the Tomb-sweeping Day端午节 the Dragon Boat Festival中秋节 the Moon Festival/the Mid-Autumn D ay重阳节 the Double Ninth Day/the Aged Day- 文化遗产 -重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术 outstanding folk arts文物 cultural relics中国画 traditional Chinese painting书法 calligraphy水墨画 Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting 工笔 traditional Chinese realistic painting中国结 Chinese knot旗袍 Cheongsam中山装 Chinese tunic suit唐装 traditional Chinese garments(clothing); Tang suit- 艺术词汇 -文人 men of letters雅士 refined scholars表演艺术 performing art现代流行艺术 popular art; pop art纯艺术 high art高雅艺术 refined art电影艺术 cinematographic art戏剧艺术 theatrical art才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies- 天干地支 -阳历 solar calendar公历 Gregorian calendar阴历 lunar calendar天干 heavenly stem地支 earthly branch闰年 leap year二十四节气 the twenty-four solar terms民间传说 folklores寓言 fable传说 legend神话 mythology古为今用，洋为中用 make the pastserve the present and the foreign serve china赋诗 inscribe a poem对对联 matching an antithetical couplet- 中国瑰宝 -习武健身 practice martial art for fitness气功 qigong; deep breathing exercises篆刻 seal cutting upriteous工艺,手艺 workmanship; craftsmanship卷轴 scroll蜡染 batik泥人 clay figure漆画 lacquer painting唐三彩 Trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝 cloisonne文房四宝The four stationery treasures of the Chinese study——a writing brush, anink stick, an ink stone and paper.- 戏剧文化 -皮影戏 shadow play; leather-silhouette show说书 story-telling叠罗汉 make a human pyramid折子戏 opera highlights踩高跷 stilt walk哑剧pantomime; mime哑剧演员 pantomimist戏剧小品 skit马戏 circus show单口相声 monologue comic talk; stand up comedy特技表演 stunt相声 witty dialogue comedy; comic cross talk杂技 acrobatics京韵大鼓 the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment秦腔 Shaanxi opera- 国粹术语 -生(男性正面角色) male( the positive male role)旦(女性正面角色) female(the positive female role)净(性格鲜明的男性配角) a supporting male role with striking character丑(幽默滑稽或反面角色) a clown or a negative role花脸 painted role歌舞喜剧 musical滑稽场面，搞笑小噱头 shtick京剧人物脸谱Peking Opera Mask- 汉语言 -汉字 Chinese character单音节 single syllable汉语四声调 the four tones of Chinese characters 阳平 level tone阴平 rising tone上声 falling-rising tone去声 falling tone五言绝句 five-character quatrain七言律诗 seven-character octave八股文 eight-part essay; stereotyped writing- 中国意念词 -八卦 trigram阴、阳 yin,yang道 Dao(cf.logo)江湖(世界) the jianghu W orld (the traits’world)道 Daoism (Taoism)上火 excessive internal heat儒学 Confucianism红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia开放 kaifang(Chinese openness to the outside world)大锅饭getting an equal share regardless of the work done伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on合乎国情，顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and thewill of the people乱摊派，乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge 铁交椅iron( lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading p ost脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty治则兴，乱则衰 Order leads to prosperityand chaos to decline 中国新兴事物 Newly Sprouted Things中国电信 China Telecom中国移动 China Mobile十五计划 the 10th Five- Year Plan中国电脑联网 Chinanet三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project希望工程 Project Hope京九铁路 the Beijing-Kowloon Railway扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project温饱工程 Decent-Life Project安居工程 Economy HousingProject扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign西部大开发 Go-West Campaign- 中国特色传统饮食 -馄饨 wonton锅贴 guotie( fried jiaozi)花卷 steamed twisted rolls套餐 set meal盒饭 box lunch; Chinesetake-away米豆腐 rice tofu魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu米粉 rice noodles冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples, etc.) 火锅 chafing dish八宝饭 eight- treasure ricepudding粉丝 glass noodles豆腐脑 jellied bean curd中华民族喜庆节日国庆节 National Day儿童节 Children's Day妇女节 Women's Day泼水节 Water- Splashing Day教师节 Teachers' Day五四青年节 Youth Day。
Chapter 11)游牧部落nomadic tribesmen 疆域territory抑商limit commerce封建主经济suzerain /landlord / owner-peasant economy2)宗法制的patriarchal 炎黄子孙the descendants of Yandi and Huangdi礼仪之邦the land of ceremony and propriety大一统观念the notion of great national unity3)和谐平衡harmony and equilibrium 天人合一oneness of man and nature中庸the golden mean内圣外王the supreme morality at once internalized as cultivation and externalized as governance齐家治国平天下keep your family in order, govern the state effectively and bring peace to the world4，汉代经学Imperial Confucianism in the Han Dynasty 禅宗思想ChanBuddhism 玄学Xuan Xue/Taoist Metaphysics 无为而治to govern by doingnothing佛学Buddhism 超越平凡detach from realityChapter 21)四面楚歌Xiang Yu Heard the Folk Songs of the Chu State on All Sides毛遂自荐Rcommend Oneself for a Position as Mao Sui Did卧薪尝胆Gou Jian Slept Firewood and Tasted Gall to Avenge a National Humiliation2，开天辟地The Creation of the Earth八仙过海When the Eught Genii Crossed the Sea,Each of Them Displayed His /Her Prowess嫦娥奔月Chang E Flew to the Moon3)画蛇添足To Draw Snake and Add Feet to It——To Ruin the Effect bySuperfluous Work南辕北辙To Go South by Driving the Chariot Northward——To Act in a WayDefeats One’s Purpose鹬蚌相争！渔翁得利When the Snipe and the Clam Grappled,It Was the Fisherman Who Stood to Benefit4) 守株待兔To Stand by a Trunk Waiting for More Hares to Dash Themselves Against It——Wait for a Windfall东施效颦Dong Shi,an Ugly Woman,Knitting Her Brows in Limitation of the Famous Beauty Xi Shi,Only to Make Herself All the Uglier牛郎织女The Cowherd and the Girl Weaver梁山伯与祝英台Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai(The Butterfly Lovers:Leon and Jo) Chapter 31/3页1)清静无为quiet and inaction道生一！一生二！二生三！三生万物The Three begets all things of the world.2，仁、礼on humanity、on rite仁政、性善benevolent government、human nature is originally good 3，离骚Li Sao 诗仙Poet Immoral 飘逸豪放bold and unconstrained 诗圣Poet Sage 缘事由发spontaneity over reality4，《红楼梦》A Dream in Red Mansions 《女神》The Goddess 《子夜》Midnight 《骆驼祥子》Camel Xiangzi 《围城》Fortress BesiegedChapter 41，《三国演义》Romance of the Three Kingdoms《水浒传》Water Margin 《西游记》Journey to the West《儒林外史》The Scholars 《围城》Fortress Besieged2，《短歌行》A Brief Cantus 《孔雀东南飞》the Peacock Flies to the Southeast《春江花月夜》Flowers and Moonlight on the Spring River 《木兰诗》The Song of Mulan 《阿Q正传》The True Story of Ah QChapter 51)《四书五经》？《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》、《诗经》、《尚书》、《礼记》、《易经》、《春秋》，《The Four Books and Five Classics》(《The Great Learning》, 《The Doctrine of the Mean》, 《The Analects of Confucius》,《The Book of Master Meng》, 《TheBook of Poety》！《The Book of History》！《The Book of Rites》, 《The Book of Changes》, 《The Spring and Autumn Annals》，2)脸谱facial makeup花脸the painted face 《打渔杀家》Revolt of the Fishing Folks 《霸王别姬》Farewell to My Concubine 《宝莲灯》The Lotus Lamp壁画fresco人物画figure painting山水画landscape painting 书法calligraphy 篆隶the Seal Character and the Official Script 楷书the Regular Script草书the Cursive Script？行书) the Running Script3)文房四宝The Four Treasures of the Study对联Duilian/ Chinese CoupletsChapter 61)民间工艺folk art 木版年画Block-printed Chinese New Year Pictures刺绣embroidery陶瓷ceramics 泥塑clay and dough figure modelling 2)舞龙(耍龙灯，dragon lantern dance 踩旱船boating dance赛龙舟the dragon-boat race 拔河tug-of-war2/3页Chapter 71)烹饪culinary arts 茶馆teahouse 佐料seasoning2)礼仪之邦a state of ceremonies 博大精深extensive and profound 茉莉花茶jasmine tea Chapter 81)亚热带subtropics暖温带warm temperate zones 世界遗产名录Worls Heritage List2)文物古迹cultural relics and historic sites 风景名胜scenic spot 冰雪皑皑snowcapped 高原plateau(highland) 湍流雄关onflow overfall and impregnable pass五岳the Five Mountains3)封禅祭祀offer sacrifices to heaven 佛教道场Buddhist temples 天池Heavenlya landscape of lakes and mountains碧波万顷a boundless expanse Lake 湖光山色of blue waterChapter 91)宫殿palace 陵墓mausoleum坛庙altar 祠堂ancestral temple 会馆assembly hall2)佛寺Buddhist temple 石窟stone cave 塔pagoda道教宫观Taoist Achitecture 3)楼阁storied building and storied pavilion 亭廊阙榭kiosk,corridor,watchtower,andpavilion on a terrace 园林gardening。
Translation of Useful Expressions课堂重点1) The Four Books (The Great Learning , The Doctrine of the Mean , The Confucian Analects , and The Works of Mencius ) and The Five Classics (The Book of Poetry , The Book of History , The Book of Rites , The Book of Changes , and The Spring and Autumn Annals ) cover a wide range of subjectsand are the most important textbooks for the Confucian scholars to disseminate the educational thoughts of the Confucian School and a must for ancient scholars who had to pass the imperial competitive examination to become government officials.2) The Great Learning is about the cultivation of one’s moral character and the wisdoms of governing a country during the “daxue”(or great learning or higher education) period of ancient China.3) The Confucian Analects or The Analects embodies the Confucian concept of ren or humanity or benevolence, and another concept of yi or righteousness.4) The Works of Mencius embodies the philosophical and political thinking of Mencius. He developed and enriched the “ren and yi theory”of Confucius and supposed that every man is good by nature, and called for a benevolent government.5) The Book of History is an incomplete collection of the history of ancient China. It is an invaluable reference for the study of the primitive and feudal societies in ancient China and is the source of narrative writing in China as well. This book consists of three parts:the exhortations, oaths or declarations by the lords to their subjects; the advice or suggestions of the subjects to their lord; folklores or other materials6) The Spring and Autumn Annals is a canonical book of history. It consists of three Commentaries: the Commentary of Zuo focuses on history; the Commentaries of Gongyang and Guliang concentrate on comments on historical events.7) Beijing Opera emerged in Qing Dynasty, when Kun opera was gradually on the wane because it was only enjoyed by the nobles in the royal court, not the general public. It is a treasure of the Chinese nation as well as a cultural symbol of China, and is enjoyed by a large Chinese audience.8) Classification of Beijing Opera9)Figure painting is the earliest kind of traditional Chinese painting; It reflects to a great degree aesthetic and artistic thinking of Confucian scholars, with the aim to rectify one’s mind and make people abstain from their desires. It is divided into five major categories: gongbi (detailed brushwork), jianbi (sketchy brushwork), xieyi (free hand brushwork), baimiao (outline drawing), and pomo (splash-ink).10) Traditional Chinese landscape painting embodies the Chinese people’s conception of nature, their aesthetic awareness, and their wisdom and sentiment. It is a unique tradition of Chinese landscape painting to create artistic conception( viz. to seek a unity of form and spirit, of human feelings and natural settings, with an emphasis on the expression of the painter’s own thoughts and feelings).11) Calligraphy is native to China; it is a traditional art with a long history and national characteristic features. It has five major scripts, namely the Seal Character,Official Script, Regular Script, Running Script, and Cursive Script12) Four Great Masters of the Regular Script are Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan (of the Tang Dynasty) and Zhao Mengfu (of the Yuan Dynasty )3. Translate the following Chinese paragraph into English:京剧唱腔悠扬委婉，声情并茂；京剧念白简洁生动，韵律性和节奏感很强；京剧乐队的演奏旋律优美，曲调动听；京剧舞台美术绚丽多彩；京剧脸谱极富民族特色。
【三教】儒教、道教、佛教【九流】儒家、道家、阴阳家、法家、名家、墨家、纵横家、杂家、农家【三皇】伏羲、女娲、神农【五帝】太皞、炎帝、黄帝、少皞、颛顼【三山】安徽黄山、江西庐山、浙江雁荡山【五岳】〖中岳〗河南嵩山、〖东岳〗山东泰山、〖西岳〗陕西华山、〖南岳〗湖南衡山、〖北岳〗山西恒山【五湖】鄱阳湖〖江西〗、洞庭湖〖湖南〗、太湖〖江苏〗、洪泽湖〖江苏〗、巢湖〖安徽〗【四海】渤海、黄海、东海、南海【三清】元始天尊〖清微天玉清境〗、灵宝天尊〖禹余天上清境〗、道德天尊〖大赤天太清境〗【四御】昊天金阙无上至尊玉皇大帝、中天紫微北极大帝、勾陈上宫天后皇大帝、承天效法土皇地祗【四大佛教名山】浙江普陀山〖观音菩萨〗、山西五台山〖文殊菩萨〗、四川峨眉山〖普贤菩萨〗、安徽九华山〖地藏王菩萨〗【四大道教名山】湖北武当山、江西龙虎山、安徽齐云山、四川青城山【五行】金、木、水、火、土【八卦】乾〖天〗、坤〖地〗、震〖雷〗、巽〖风〗、坎〖水〗、离〖火〗、艮〖山〗、兑〖沼〗【十八罗汉】布袋罗汉、长眉罗汉、芭蕉罗汉、沉思罗汉、伏虎罗汉、过江罗汉、欢喜罗汉、降龙罗汉、静坐罗汉、举钵罗汉、开心罗汉、看门罗汉、骑象罗汉、探手罗汉、托塔罗汉、挖耳罗汉、笑狮罗汉、坐鹿罗汉【十八层地狱】[第一层]泥犁地狱、[第二层]刀山地狱、[第三层]沸沙地狱、[第四层]沸屎地狱、[第五层]黑身地狱、[第六层]火车地狱、[第七层]镬汤地狱、[第八层]铁床地狱、[第九层]盖山地狱、[第十层]寒冰地狱、[第十一层]剥皮地狱、[第十二层]畜生地狱、[第十三层]刀兵地狱、[第十四层]铁磨地狱、[第十五层]寒冰地狱、[第十六层]铁册地狱、[第十七层]蛆虫地狱、[第十八层]烊铜地狱【五脏】心、肝、脾、肺、肾【六腑】胃、胆、三焦、膀胱、大肠、小肠【四书】《论语》、《中庸》、《大学》、《孟子》【五经】《诗经》、《尚书》、《礼记》、《易经》、《春秋》【八股文】破题、承题、起讲、入手、起股、中股、后股、束股【六子全书】《老子》、《庄子》、《列子》、《荀子》、《扬子法言》、《文中子中说》【汉字六书】象形、指事、形声、会意、转注、假借【书法九势】落笔、转笔、藏峰、藏头、护尾、疾势、掠笔、涩势、横鳞竖勒【竹林七贤】嵇康、刘伶、阮籍、山涛、阮咸、向秀、王戎【饮中八仙】李白、贺知章、李适之、李琎、崔宗之、苏晋、张旭、焦遂【蜀之八仙】容成公、李耳、董促舒、张道陵、严君平、李八百、范长生、尔朱先生【扬州八怪】郑板桥、汪士慎、李鱓、黄慎、金农、高翔、李方鹰、罗聘【北宋四大家】黄庭坚、欧阳修、苏轼、王安石【唐宋古文八大家】韩愈、柳宗元、欧阳修、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、王安石、曾巩【十三经】《易经》、《诗经》、《尚书》、《礼记》、《仪礼》、《公羊传》、《榖梁传》、《左传》、《孝经》、《论语》、《尔雅》、《孟子》【四大民间传说】《牛郎织女》、《孟姜女》、《梁山伯与祝英台》、《白蛇与许仙》【四大文化遗产】《明清档案》、《殷墟甲骨》、《居延汉简》、《敦煌经卷》【元代四大戏剧】关汉卿《窦娥冤》、王实甫《西厢记》、汤显祖《牡丹亭》、洪升《长生殿》【晚清四大谴责小说】李宝嘉《官场现形记》、吴沃尧《二十年目睹之怪现状》、刘鹗《老残游记》、曾朴《孽海花》【六礼】冠、婚、丧、祭、乡饮酒、相见【六艺】礼、乐、射、御、书、数【六义】风、赋、比、兴、雅、颂【十恶】谋反、谋大逆、谋叛、谋恶逆、不道、大不敬、不孝、不睦、不义、内乱【五彩】青、黄、赤、白、黑【五音】宫、商、角、徵、羽【七宝】金、银、琉璃、珊瑚、砗磲、珍珠、玛瑙【九宫】正宫、中吕宫、南吕宫、仙吕宫、黄钟宫、大面调、双调、商调、越调【七大艺术】绘画、音乐、雕塑、戏剧、文学、建筑、电影【四大名瓷窑】河北的瓷州窑、浙江的龙泉窑、江西的景德镇窑、福建的德化窑【四大名旦】梅兰芳、程砚秋、尚小云、荀慧生【八旗】镶黄、正黄、镶白、正白、镶红、正红、镶蓝、正蓝【八仙】铁拐李、钟离权、张果老、吕洞宾、何仙姑、蓝采和、韩湘子、曹国舅【七情】喜、怒、哀、乐、爱、恶、欲【五常】仁、义、礼、智、信【五伦】君臣、父子、兄弟、夫妇、朋友【三姑】尼姑、道姑、卦姑【六婆】牙婆、媒婆、师婆、虔婆、药婆、稳婆【九属】玄孙、曾孙、孙、子、身、父、祖父、曾祖父、高祖父【五谷】稻、黍、稷、麦、豆【中国八大菜系】四川菜、湖南菜、山东菜、江苏菜、浙江菜、广东菜、福建菜、安徽菜【配药七方】大方、小方、缓方、急方、奇方、偶方、复方【五岭】越城岭、都庞岭、萌诸岭、骑田岭、大庾岭【四大名桥】广济桥、赵州桥、洛阳桥、卢沟桥【四大名园】颐和园〖北京〗、避暑山庄〖河北承德〗、拙政园〖江苏苏州〗、留园〖江苏苏州〗【四大名刹】灵岩寺〖山东长清〗、国清寺〖浙江天台〗、玉泉寺〖湖北江陵〗、栖霞寺〖江苏南京〗【四大名楼】岳阳楼〖湖南岳阳〗、黄鹤楼〖湖北武汉〗、滕王阁〖江西南昌〗、大观楼〖云南昆明〗【四大名亭】醉翁亭〖安徽滁县〗、陶然亭〖北京先农坛〗、爱晚亭〖湖南长沙〗、湖心亭〖杭州西湖〗【四大古镇】景德镇〖江西〗、佛山镇〖广东〗、汉口镇〖湖北〗、朱仙镇〖河南〗【四大碑林】西安碑林〖陕西西安〗、孔庙碑林〖山东曲阜〗、地震碑林〖四川西昌〗、南门碑林〖台湾高雄〗【四大名塔】嵩岳寺塔〖河南登封嵩岳寺〗、飞虹塔〖山西洪洞广胜寺〗、释迦塔〖山西应县佛宫寺〗、千寻塔〖云南大理崇圣寺〗【四大石窟】莫高窟〖甘肃敦煌〗、云岗石窟〖山西大同〗、龙门石窟〖河南洛阳〗、麦积山石窟〖甘肃天水〗【四大书院】白鹿洞书院〖江西庐山〗、岳麓书院〖湖南长沙〗、嵩阳书院〖河南嵩山〗、应天书院〖河南商丘〗【四大名绣】苏绣〖苏州〗、湘绣〖湖南〗、蜀绣〖四川〗、广绣〖广东〗【四大名扇】檀香扇〖江苏〗、火画扇〖广东〗、竹丝扇〖四川〗、绫绢扇〖浙江〗【四大名花】牡丹〖山东菏泽〗、水仙〖福建漳州〗、菊花〖浙江杭州〗、山茶〖云南昆明〗【十大名茶】西湖龙井〖浙江杭州西湖区〗、碧螺春〖江苏吴县太湖的洞庭山碧螺峰〗、信阳毛尖〖河南信阳车云山〗、君山银针〖湖南岳阳君山〗、六安瓜片〖安徽六安和金寨两县的齐云山〗、黄山毛峰〖安徽歙县黄山〗、祁门红茶〖安徽祁门县〗、都匀毛尖〖贵州都匀县〗、铁观音〖福建安溪县〗、武夷岩茶〖福建崇安县〗【十二生肖】〖中国〗子鼠、丑牛、寅虎、卯兔、辰龙、巳蛇、午马、未羊、申猴、酉鸡、戌狗、亥猪。
高考英语词汇: 25个中国传统文化元素一、中国传统文化一、中国传统文化1、悠久的传统文化历史、悠久的传统文化历史 with a long history of tradi onal culture 2、独特的传统文化特色、独特的传统文化特色 the special tradi onal cultural character. 3、古代文明、古代文明 the ancient civiliza on 4、中华祖先、中华祖先 the ancestors of Chinese 5、创造辉煌历史、创造辉煌历史 to create splendid history 6、老字号、老字号 me-honored brand 7、弘扬传统文化、弘扬传统文化 to promote tradi onal culture 8、我们应该一代代地珍惜这宝贵财富。
、我们应该一代代地珍惜这宝贵财富。
We should cherish the treasures from genera on to genera on 二、茶文化：tea culture 8、茶庄、茶庄 tea house 9、国饮、国饮 the na onal drink of China 10、全球饮料、全球饮料 a global drink 11、随着饮茶的流行、随着饮茶的流行 With the popularity of tea drinking 12、绿茶、绿茶 green tea 13、红茶、红茶 black tea 14、花茶、花茶 scented tea 15、预防癌症、心脏病、预防癌症、心脏病 prevent cancer，heart disease 三、古诗词三、古诗词 ancient poetry 16、三字经、三字经 three character primer 17、韵律感、韵律感 rhythmical image 18、押韵格式、押韵格式 rhyme-scheme 19、京剧脸谱、京剧脸谱 facial makeup in Beijing Opera 四、其他词汇四、其他词汇20、剪、剪 纸scissor-cut 21、中国画、中国画 Chinese pain ng 22、京剧脸谱、京剧脸谱 facial makeup in Beijing Opera 23、对联、对联 couplet 24、中国结、中国结 Chinese knot 25、中国刺绣、中国刺绣 Chinese embroidery 与中国传统文化相关的英语词汇风水：Fengshui; geoman c omen 阳历：solar calendar 阴历：lunar calendar 闰年：leap year 十二生肖：zodiac 春节：the Spring Fes val 元宵节：the Lantern Fes val 清明节：the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节：the Dragon-boat Fes val 中秋节：the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节：the Double-ninth Day 七夕节：the Double-seventh Day 春联：spring couplets 春运：the Spring Fes val travel 庙会：temple fair 爆竹：firecracker 年画：(tradi onal) New Year pictures 压岁钱：New Year gi -money 舞龙：dragon dance 舞狮：lion dance 元宵：sweet s cky rice dumplings 花灯：fes val lantern 灯谜：lantern riddle 把中国的汉字“福”字倒贴在门上(听起来像是福到)预示新年有好运：turn the Chinese character for luck (fu) upside down to make “dao”(which sounds like arrival) and put it on your door to bring in good fortune for the new year 食物对于中国佳节来说至关重要，但甜食对于农历新年特别重要，因为他们能让新的一年更加甜蜜。
中国文化的相关词汇以下词汇必须掌握：秦始皇 the first emperor中药 traditional Chinese medicine民间艺术folk arts文化交流 cross-cultural communication华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors同宗同源 of the same origin中国武术 Chinese martial art/Kung Fu中国书法 Chinese calligraphy四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China火药gunpowder造纸术paper-making印刷术printing指南针 the compass孔子 Confucius儒教Confucianism佛教Buddhism阴历 lunar calendar才子佳人gifted scholars and beautiful ladies中华文明Chinese civilization朝代dynasty水乡景色 riverside scenery爆竹鞭炮 firecracker传说 legend寓言 fable文房四宝the four stationary treasures of the Chinese study——a writing brush，an ink stick， an ink stone and paper京剧Peking Opera书法 calligraphy诞生了 give birth to历史遗迹 places of historic interest / historic sites风景名胜 scenic beauty / scenic spots地域辽阔 vast land/territory China has a vast land.物产丰富 rich in natural resources / products中国菜 Chinese cuisine子孙后代 offspring祈福 pray for blessings, express good wishes。
中华文化概述重要文化遗产major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术outstanding folk art独特的艺术价值unique artistic values诚实守信honesty爱国主义精神patriotism国宝national treasure文物cultural relics华夏祖先the Chinese ancestors文人scholar; the intellectual雅士refined scholar才子佳人gifted scholars and beautiful ladies高雅艺术refined/high art中外学者Chinese and overseas scholars古为今用to make the past serve the present洋为中用to make the foreign serve China无愧于时代的作品works worthy of the times文明摇篮cradle of civilization古文明ancient civilization博大精深to be extensive and profound享有……的美誉to enjoy a good/high reputation for被誉为to be honored/crowned as占据重要地位to play a significant role; to have/occupy a significant place 肩负……的责任to shoulder the responsibility of…与……密不可分to be closely associated with…推广中国文化to promote Chinese culture促进世界和平to promote world peace增进友谊to enhance friendship文化娱乐活动cultural and amusement activities文化产业culture industry文化底蕴cultural deposit文化事业cultural undertaking文化交流cultural exchange文化冲击culture shock文化差异cultural difference民族特性和价值观national identity and value在各地差异很大to vary widely from region/place to region/place促进文化的传播to promote the spread of culture促进交流to promote exchanges蓬勃发展to flourish丰富多彩to be rich and colorful风俗习惯custom禁忌taboo中华民族the Chinese nation传统美德traditional virtues尊敬老人to respect the elderly赡养父母to support/take care of parents继承to inherit后人later generation强身健体to improve the physical health; to strengthen the body 益寿延年to prolong life保佑平安to keep sb. safe象征意义symbolic meaning象征好运和祝福to symbolize good luck and blessings审美观/品味taste for beauty; aesthetic taste传统文化传统工艺品traditional handicraft形状不一different shapes材质各异various materials质地坚硬hard texture造型生动vivid figure色彩丰富rich colors风格独特characteristic/unique style中医traditional Chinese medicine中草药herbal medicine望、闻、问、切observing, listening, inquiring, pulse taking症状symptom针灸acupuncture推拿medical massage重大发明a significant invention中国古代四大发明the Four Great Inventions of ancient China 火药gunpowder印刷术printing造纸术paper-making指南针compass文房四宝the Four Treasures of the Study笔、墨、纸、砚ink brush, inkstick, Xuan paper, inkstone汉字Chinese character笔划stroke四书五经the Four Books and the Five Classics唐诗宋词poetry in the Tang and Song Dynasties诗人poet四大名著the Four Great Classical Novels八股文the eight-part essay普通话四声调the four tones of Mandarin Chinese琴棋书画lute-playing, chess, calligraphy and painting书法calligraphy中国画traditional Chinese painting水墨画Chinese brush painting; ink wash painting 民俗folk custom文化遗产cultural heritage非物质文化遗产intangible cultural heritage吉祥/幸运数字lucky number偶数/双数even number奇数/单数odd number吉祥物mascot龙dragon凤phoenix龟tortoise吉祥图案lucky pattern姓氏文化surname culture婚嫁习俗marriage custom传统婚礼traditional wedding葬礼习俗funeral custom迷信/迷信的superstition/superstitious武术martial arts中国功夫Chinese Kung Fu太极Tai Chi中国象棋Chinese chess中国围棋Go麻将mahjong宗教religion伊斯兰教Islam清真寺mosque寺庙temple和尚/僧人monk民间故事folk tale寓言fable传说legend凡间human world思想学派school of thought思想观念ideology哲学家philosopher思想家thinker创始人founder代表人物representative儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化Confucian culture道教Taoism佛教Buddhism孔子Confucius孟子Mencius老子Lao Tzu; Lao Zi庄子Chuang Tzu墨子Mo Tzu孙子Sun Tzu《论语》The Analects of Confucius《道德经》Tao Te Ching《易经》The Book of Changes《孙子兵法》The Art of War传统节日春节the Spring Festival/Chinese New Year元宵节the Lantern Festival清明节the Tomb-sweeping Day/Qing Ming Festival端午节the Dragon Boat Festival中秋节the Mid-autumn Day/Festival重阳节the Double Ninth Day七夕节the Double Seventh Day/QiXi Festival除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve公历/阳历solar calendar农历/阴历lunar calendar庆祝（节日）celebrate; observe起源origin起源于to originate in/from习俗tradition; convention; custom年夜饭annual reunion dinner拜年to pay a New Year call探亲访友to (pay a ) visit (to) relatives and friends亲朋好友relatives and friends大扫除to thoroughly clean the house驱厄运to sweep away ill fortune; to get rid of bad luck去除灾难to ward off evils压岁钱luck money发红包to give money in red envelopes; to hand out red envelopes 欢度……to celebrate…; the celebration of…春联spring couplets爆竹firecrackers; fireworks年画New Year pictures庙会temple fair民间艺人folk artist祭神god-worshiping舞龙dragon dance灯笼/花灯(festival) lantern灯谜lantern riddle有益的智力活动beneficial intellectual activity中国结Chinese knot赛龙舟dragon boat race赏月to enjoy the full moon登高hill climbing放风筝to fly a kite荡秋千to play/ride on a swing民间艺术中国传统戏曲Chinese traditional operas京剧Peking Opera京剧脸谱the facial makeup of Beijing Opera/Peking Opera Mask 正面角色positive role说、学、逗、唱speaking, imitating; teasing and singing传统乐器traditional instrument木偶戏puppet show皮影戏shadow play杂技acrobatics相声crosstalk说书story-telling民间工艺folk craft手艺craftsmanship工匠/手工艺人craftsman剪纸Chinese paper cutting刺绣embroidery丝绸silk纺织品textile瓷器porcelain; chinaware陶器pottery; earthenware青铜器bronze ware中国结Chinese knot泥塑clay figure modeling中国玉器Chinese jade雕刻carving中餐及烹饪方法中国菜/中餐Chinese cuisine; Chinese food八大菜系Eight Cuisines粤菜Canton cuisine国宴state banquet色香味outlook, flavor and taste香脆可口crispy and tasty营养丰富nutritious烹饪技巧cooking technique煎to fry炒to stir-fry炸to deep-fry烩/焖/炖to stew蒸to steam煮to boil烘焙to bake烤to roast切条to cut to strips切丁to dice切碎to mince磨碎to grind饮食习惯dietary habit特色食品special food; specialty元宵sweet sticky rice dumplings年糕rice cake油条deep-fried dough sticks豆浆soybean milk馒头steamed bun包子steamed stuffed bun拉面hand-stretched noodles豆腐tofu; bean curd麻花fried dough twist皮蛋100-year egg; century egg蛋炒饭fried rice with egg火锅hot pot原材ingredient调料seasoning; dressing猪/牛肉丸pork/beef ball鸭肉duck蘑菇mushroom北京烤鸭Beijing Roast Duck素菜馆vegetarian restaurant白酒Chinese liquor中国历史四大文明古国之一one of the four ancient civilizations 中华文明Chinese civilization文明的摇篮cradle of civilization文明古国ancient civilization人类文明史the history of human civilization远古时代ancient times原始社会primitive society封建社会feudal society源远流长/历史悠久to have a long history; with a long history 随着时间的推移as time goes by朝代dynasty春秋战国时期the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period 古都ancient capital皇帝/君主emperor; monarch勤政爱民to be diligent and love one’s people退位to give up the throne丞相/宰相prime minister学者scholar政治家statesman军事家military strategist鸦片战争the Opium War南昌起义Nanchang Uprising辛亥革命the 1911 Revolution五四运动the May 4th Movement of 1919抗日战争the Anti-Japanese War西安事变Xi’an Incident南京大屠杀Nanjing Massacre长征the Long March历史遗留问题a question left over from history/the past在战争中损毁to be ruined in wars抵抗侵略to resist the invasion在……世纪初at the beginning of…century迄今为止up till now追溯到to date back to; to be traced back to…来源于to derive/stem from; to originate from/in发祥地birthplace兴起于……，兴盛于……to emerge in…and prosper in…社会地位social status建立（朝代）to build; to found; to establish繁荣to prosper/flourish灭亡to collapse; to come to an end以……命名to be named after…历史人物historic figure闰年leap year商业经济集体经济collective economy计划经济planned economy自由经济liberal economy商品经济commodity economy经济体制改革reform of the economic system经济特区special economic zone人均国民收入national income per capita第一产业/农业primary industry; agriculture第二产业/工业secondary industry; manufacturing第三产业/服务业tertiary industry; service农业farming林业forestry畜牧业animal husbandry副业sideline production渔业fishing经济增长率economic growth rate财政政策fiscal policy经济结构调整adjustment of economic structure优化经济结构to optimize the economic structure改善经济环境to improve economic environment科学技术是第一生产力science and technology are the primary productive forces 国有资产state-owned property开放国内市场to open domestic market缩小贫富差距to narrow the gap between the rich and poor消除贫困to eliminate poverty共同富裕common prosperity经济形势economic situation经济波动economic fluctuation经济衰退economic depression; recession经济稳定economic stability经济政策economic policy经济复原economic recovery经济奇迹economic miracle经济起飞economic take-off全球经济global economy经济学家economist企业家entrepreneur经济全球化economic globalization市场经济market economy市场调节marker regulation市场多元化market diversification推动经贸合作to boost economic and trade cooperation商界business communities互惠互利mutual benefit总需求aggregate/total demand总供给aggregate supply扩大内需to expand domestic demand团购group buying财政预算financial budget耐用消费品durable consumer goods年末促销year-end promotion垄断monopoly垄断行业monopoly industry市场占有率market share生产力/生产率productivity经济增长放缓economic slowdown国有企业state-owned enterprise (SOE)私营企业private business合资企业joint venture民营企业privately-run business中小企业small and medium-sized enterprise小微企业small and micro-sized firm民间资本private capital民间投资private investment泡沫经济bubble economy经济过热overheating of economy实体经济the real economy外汇储备充足sufficient foreign exchange reserve 国内/国际贸易domestic/international trade对外贸易foreign trade贸易条件terms of trade不公平竞争unfair competition海关customs关税customs duty水货/走私货smuggled goods产品质量product quality高度评价to speak highly of物美价廉competitive price and superior quality 销量/销售额sales存货/库存量stocks金融组织fiinancial institution商业信誉commercial reputation管理机制management mechanism改善服务to improve services延长保修期to extend maintenance制造商/制造厂manufacturer原材料raw material样品sample大规模生产mass production年产量annual output劳动力密集型产业labour-intensive industry知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry工作歧视discrimination in workplace高消耗high consumption高投入high investment沿袭……模式to continue with the model of…住房抵押贷款residential mortgage loan分期付款to pay by installments信贷紧缩credit squeeze利率interest rate找工作to hunt for a job; job-hunting招聘广告the want ads职位position; post; job vacancy/opening求职信application letter个人简历resume; CV填写申请表to fill in/out application form接受职位to accept/take the post接任职位to take over the position工作面试job interview职业前景job/career prospects就业机会job opportunity工资待遇pay offer津贴allowance带薪假paid vacation伤残保险disability insurance失业保险unemployment insurance培训咨询training consultancy专业技能professional expertise脑力劳动mental work体力劳动labour/physical work手工劳动manual labour/work工作时间working time加班to work overtime; overtime夜班night shift零工odd job证券securities资产assets利润profit供需平衡balance between supply and demand 供求关系supply and demand relation供过于求supply exceeds demand通货紧缩deflation通货膨胀inflation基本建设/基础设施infrastructure生活标准/生活水平living standard购买力purchasing power; buying power短缺shortage不发达的underdeveloped发展中的developing持续、快速和健康的经济发展sustained, rapid and sound economic development 四大国有银行the four major state-owned banks支票cheque/check转账/过户to transfer存钱to deposit money取钱to withdraw money货币money; currency发行issue现金cash零钱change钞票/纸币banknote; note; bill汇率/兑换率exchange rate利息interest保险insurance抵押mortgage税制taxation system征税/纳税taxation个人所得税individual income tax免税的tax-free纳税人taxpayer股票市场stock exchange股份/股票share; stock股息/红利dividend房地产real estate经济适用房economically affordable house廉租房low-rent house旅游地理地理geography华东East China华南South China西部地区western region中西部地区central and western regions; midwest地形地势terrain海拔/高度elevation大陆continent平原plain高地plateau; highland低地lowland盆地basin山mountain山峰peak山区mountainous area沿海地区coastal region沿海港口coastal port岛屿island半岛peninsula山谷/峡谷valley; canyon海峡channel; strait黄河the Yellow River长江the Yangtze River五岳the Five Mountains泰山Mount Tai西湖West lake丝绸之路the Silk Road文化古迹cultural relics建筑architecture长城the Great Wall故宫the Imperial Palace; the Forbidden City天坛the Temple of Heaven国家博物馆national museum钟楼bell tower鼓楼drum tower胡同Hutong大运河Grand Canal苏州园林Suzhou gardens景点tourist attraction; scenic spot名胜古迹places of interests避暑胜地summer resort森林公园forest park自然保护区nature reserve自然景观natural scenery壮丽河山magnificent scenery淡水湖freshwater lake古典山水园林classical landscape garden皇家园林royal garden中外游客tourists from home and abroad游乐园amusement park植物园botanical garden度假to take a vacation; to go on holiday门票(entrance) ticket星级酒店star-rated hotel保存最完好的best-preserved原址original site高峰期rush hour人山人海/人满为患overcrowded; to be packed with overcrowded people翻山越岭to climb mountains and hills受到……的热烈欢迎to be warmly welcomed by…位于to be located in/at省会provincial capital水域面积water area三面环山to be surrounded by mountains on three sides全长……公里to stretch for… km/kilometers面貌焕然一新to take on a completely new look丰富知识to enrich one’s knowledge开阔视野to broaden one’s horizons扩大知识面to enlarge the scope of knowledge培养独立性to cultivate independence运输工具means of transportation公共交通public transport地铁站subway station候车室waiting room护照passport签证有效期validity of visa散客individual visitor团体游客group visitor环境灾害气候climate环境保护environmental protection环境问题environmental problem/issue环境污染environmental pollution污染物pollutant全球变暖global warming温室效应greenhouse effect废水waste water; polluted water废气pollution gas;exhaust gas白色污染white pollution雾霾天气smog weather沙尘天气sand and dust weather提高全民环保意识to raise environmental awareness amongst the general public节能减排energy-saving and emission-reduction; energy conservation and emission reduction预防为主、防治结合policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control环境产品environment-friendly product一次性产品disposable product开发可再生资源to develop renewable resources高能耗产业energy-intensive industry生态环境the ecological environment水土流失water loss and soil erosion水土保持water and soil conservation降雨量rainfall物种灭绝the extinction of bio-species先污染后治理to exert control after pollution碳减排carbon emission reduction温室气体greenhouse gas emission二氧化碳carbon dioxide新能源汽车green car汽车尾气motor vehicle exhaust发动机排量engine displacement零排放车辆zero-emission vehicle小排量汽车small-displacement car资源枯竭depletion of resources能源危机energy crisis原油crude oil油价飙升oil prices surge可代替能源alternative energy清洁能源clean energy新型能源new type energy回收利用to recycle垃圾分类garbage classification可回收的recyclable不可回收的unrecyclable处理to dispose低碳城市化道路way of low-carbon urbanization 城市化urbanization濒临灭绝/失传to be on the verge of extinction/loss 珍稀濒危物种rare and endangered species稀有物种rare species防护林带shelter belt森林覆盖率forest coverage rate改善土壤soil improvement地质灾害geological disaster灾难catastrophe; tragedy; disaster不幸misfortune伤亡人员casualty伤亡人数death toll台风typhoon火山爆发volcanic eruption地震earthquake洪水flood干旱drought教育普及教育universal education素质教育quality education；quality-oriented education 应试教育examination-oriented education九年义务教育nine-year compulsory education学前教育preschool education初等教育elementary education小学elementary school；primary school初中junior high school高中senior high school希望工程Project Hope学龄儿童school-ager失学儿童dropout课业负担academic burden学生减负alleviate the burden on students入学率enrollment rate适龄儿童入学率enrollment rate for children of school age 高考university/college entrance examination高等教育higher education高等学府institution of higher education综合性大学comprehensive university文科院校college of (liberal) arts理工科大学college/university of science and engineering 师范学院normal college军校military academy大学城college town象牙塔ivory tower校园文化campus culture高校扩招the college expansion助学贷款student loan; educational loan受过良好教育的well-educated大学生undergraduate研究生graduate student；postgraduate（student）应届毕业生graduating student；current year’s graduate 考研to take the entrance exams for postgraduate school 读研to attend graduate school毕业典礼graduation ceremony毕业论文a graduation paper毕业实习graduation field work; to go out on internships 授予学位to confer an academic degree on sb.博士学位doctor’s degree硕士学位master’s degree学士学位bachelor’s degree在职博士生on-job doctorate就业难tough employment缓解就业压力to alleviate employment pressure中专生students of secondary vocational school扩大招生人数to enlarge school enrollment/recruits升学率proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade高分低能high scores and low abilities填鸭式教学cramming method of teaching培训班training class走读生extern; non-resident student住校生boarder课外活动extracurricular activity必修课required/compulsory course选修课elective/optional course基础课basic course专业课specialized course专业知识specialized knowledge开设课程to offer a course课程表school schedule教学大纲teaching program; syllabus学分制credit system补考make-up examination学年school year师资力量teaching faculty推进素质教育to push ahead with education for all-around development 基本实现教育现代化to basically modernize education招生就业指导enrollment and vocation guidance竞争激烈fierce competition评价体系evaluation system选拔官员/人才to select officials/talents出国留学to study abroad海外留学生overseas student; international student文盲illiteracy; illiterate继续教育continuing/further education终身学习life-long learning自学考试self-study examination夜间大学evening university电视大学open university成人夜校night school for adults在职进修班on-job training courses远程学习distance learning充电to update one’s knowledge教育界education circle教育投入input in education教育公平fairness/equality in education教育资源education resource教师资源teacher resource分配不均衡unevenly distribute/allocate教学设施teaching facility缩小城乡教育差距to bridge/narrow the educational gap between rural and urban areas 辍学率dropout rate科技科技发展scientific and technological advancement/development新兴学科emerging discipline生物技术bio-technology克隆cloning基因工程genetic engineering空间实验室space laboratory航天飞机shuttle卫星satellite探测器detector软件software网络世界cyber world网络文化cyber culture网络犯罪cyber crime信息革命information revolution电子货币e-currency人工智能artificial intelligence (AI)虚拟银行virtual bank电子商务e-business; e-commerce网络出版e-publishing个人信息泄露leakage of personal information搜索引擎search engine网页浏览web browsing即时消息instant message视频电话video phone文件传输document transmission在线社区online community社交模式social networking网上冲浪to surf on the Internet信息时代information age信息爆炸information explosion高科技产品high-tech product电子设备electronic device智能手机smartphone; intelligent handset创新innovation研发research and development核心技术core technology电讯telecommunication硬件hardware网民netizen活跃用户active user对……上瘾to be/get addicted to…计算机病毒computer virus虚拟世界virtual world网上购物online shopping消费理念consumption concept大众媒体mass media出版商publisher电子版electronic version娱乐资讯entertainment information三维电影three-dimensional movie在线娱乐online entertainment当地新闻local news简讯brief news获取信息to obtain information收视率audience rating垃圾信息spam message骚扰电话harassing call社会生活基本国策a basic national/state policy制定政策to make a policy（政策）生效/开始实施to come into force/effect晚婚晚育late marriage and late childbirth搞好优生优育to promote good prenatal and postnatal care稳定低生育水平to stabilize the low birth rate推行可持续发展战略to pursue the strategy of sustainable development 简化审批程序to simplify approval procedures行政管理administrative management违反规定to violate a rule/regulation少数名族ethnic minority过快增长excessive growth急剧下降to be on the sharp decline人口稠密/稀少densely/sparsely populated人口基数/密度/分布population base/density/distribution人口出生率birth rate人口增长的高峰期baby boom人口素质quality of the population人口老龄化aging of population人口流动population mobility老龄化社会aging society医疗服务medical service满足基本需求to satisfy basic needs社会效益social benefit健康管理health management应运而生to appear accordingly; to emerge as required/needed普通市民ordinary resident物价上涨rising price家政服务业home services industry建筑工地construction site农产品agricultural product爱情告白to express one’s love几世同堂的家庭a family consisting of several generations性骚扰sexual harassment贫富分化disparity between the rich and the poor挂失to report the loss补办to re-apply/re-register/post-register城镇化urbanization高楼大厦high-rise/tall/high building小康社会well-off society贫困家庭poor family和睦相处to live in peace/harmony中国特色社会主义socialism with Chinese characteristics物质文化material civilization精神文化spiritual civilization为人民服务to serve the people坚持……的方针to adhere to the principle of…社会保障social security养老保险retirement insurance医疗保险medical insurance弱势群体disadvantaged group单亲single parent关心老龄人to care for senior citizens大龄青年older adults; single youth above the normal matrimonial age 独生子女the only child in family社会背景social background福利welfare福利彩票welfare lotteries家政服务household management service户籍household registration居住证residence permit基础设施建设infrastructure construction劳动力短缺labor shortage空巢老人empty nester农民工migrant worker农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labor/laborers机动车辆猛增motor vehicles surge交通堵塞traffic jam/congestion过度拥挤overcrowded单双号限号even-odd license plate plan闯红灯running red light扣分处罚point penalty酒驾drunk driving终身禁驾lifetime ban from driving性别歧视gender/sexual discrimination年龄歧视age discrimination盗版pirated; illegal copies政策法规法制观念awareness of law法制国家a country with an adequate legal system改革开放reform and opening-up可持续发展sustainable development和谐并存harmonious coexistence计划生育family planning计划生育基本国策the basic state policy of family planning 科教兴国national rejuvenation through science and education 公务员civil servants官僚主义作风the bureaucratic style of work廉洁高效honesty and high efficiency居委会neighborhood committee一国两制One Country, Two Systems一个中国原则the one-China principle两岸关系cross-straits relations两岸谈判cross-straits negotiations领土完整territorial integrity民族精神national spirit求同存异to seek common ground while shelving differences 精神文明建设the construction of spiritual civilization与时俱进to keep pace with the times综合国力overall national strength共同愿望common desire“走出去”（战略）going global全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign人口普查census社会保险social insurance。
中国文化相关词汇粽子Zongzi转经筒Prayer wheel竹笋Bamboo shoots竹篱Bamboo fence竹筏bamboo raft竹雕Bamboo carving竹笛Bamboo flute周朝时期Zhou period重阳节double ninth festival中药TCM中式英语Chinglish中秋节Mid-autumn Festival中秋节Mooncake festival中华民族伟大复兴The Great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation中国象棋Chinese chess中国威胁论China Threat Theory中国式过马路chinese style road crossing 中国人民解放军chinese people's liberation army中国农历新年chinese lunar new year中国梦Chinese Dream中国梦China Dream中国结Chinese Knot中国草药Chinese herbal medicine蒸饺Steamed Dumplings针灸acupuncture and moxibustion长征the long march长衫cheongsam长江三角洲Yangtze river delta长江Yangtze river灶王爷Kitchen god灶神节Kitchen God festival云冈石窟Yungang Grottoes越剧Shaoxing opera岳阳楼Yueyang tower月饼Moon cakes月饼mooncake圆明园Yuanmingyuan元宵节Lantern Festival元朝Yuan Dynasty鸳鸯Yuanyang 玉兔Yutu玉兔Jade rabbit玉龙jade dragon玉帝Jade Emperor玉笛jade flute雨水The rains与时俱进Keep pace with the times鱼翅汤；鸡茸鱼翅羹；浓汤鸡丝翅shark's fin soup油茶oil tea应试教育exam-oriented education英语热English fever阴阳Yin yang易经The Book of Changes易经I-Ching颐和园Summer Palace窑洞Cave dwelling腰鼓Waist drum砚台ink stone烟花爆竹Fireworks and firecrackers亚洲四小龙Asian Tigers鸦片战争opium war宣纸Rice paper邪气evil qi孝子dutiful son小雪Light snow小康社会Well-off society象形文字Pictographic Characters湘绣xiang embroidery香incense stick相声Cross talk西周Western Zhou Dynasty舞龙舞狮Dragon and lion dance舞龙表演Dragon dance performance武侠小说martial arts novel武术大师martial arts master武术martial art五台山Mount Wutai五四运动May Fourth Movement五环路fifth ring road五行理论Theory of Five Elements五谷Five Grains五代Five Dynasties乌龙茶oolong tea文化大革命；文化革命；文革Cultural Revolution微信Wechat微博Weibo瓦罐earthen jar团圆饭family reunion dinner天国heavenly kingdom天安门广场tian'anmen square天安门Tian'an men陶艺porcelain art陶瓷和丝绸porcelain and silk唐诗Tang poetry唐朝Tang Dynasty汤圆Sweet dumplings泰山Mount Taishan太极拳Shadow boxing太极Tai chi孙子兵法The Art of War算盘abacus宋锦Song Brocade松花蛋preserved eggs四美four virtues四合院Quadrangle四大发明Four great inventions私塾Private school丝绸之路silk road水墨画家ink painter水墨画ink and wash painting水墨画ink painting水浒传The Water Margin双喜Double Happiness书法艺术calligraphic art寿星God of longevity史记Records of the Grand Historian 诗经Shijing诗经Book of Songs生肖动物Zodiac animals生肖chinese zodiac生肖Zodiac signs神州Shenzhou少先队Chinese young pioneers少林寺Shaolin temple少林功夫Shaolin Kung fu砂锅earthenware pot 三峡工程Three Gorges Project三峡大坝Three Gorges dam三国Three Kingdoms三公消费three public consumptions入党joining the party人民币Chinese renminbi秋分Autumn Equinox清明节Tomb sweeping day清明节qingming festival清明节Grave Sweeping Festival清明Clear and bright清朝Qing dynasties青年节Youth Day青藏高原Qinghai-Tibet Plateau契丹Khitan麒麟Kylin旗袍qipao旗袍mandarin robe旗袍cheongsam七夕double seven festival普通话mandarin普洱茶pu'er tea泼水节Water Splashing Festival皮影戏Shadow play藕lotus root傩戏Nuo Opera农民工Rural migrant workers农历新年lunar chinese new year农历Lunar Calendar鸟巢；燕窝bird's nest年画nianhua年糕Rice cake南水北调South to North Water Diversion 南京大屠杀nanjing massacre南京大屠杀Nanking massacre木偶戏Puppet show墨条ink stick莫高窟Mogao Grottoes明朝ming dynasty庙Buddhist Temple苗族Miao ethnic米线Rice noodles米酒rice wine蒙古族Mongolian ethnic蒙古包Mongolian yurt茅台moutai裸婚Naked wedding论语Analects of Confucius龙舟赛Dragon boat racing龙王Dragon king龙年dragon year龙门石窟Longmen Grottoes龙井茶dragon well tea龙的传人Descendants of the Dragon龙宝宝Dragon baby留守儿童left-behind children两会（官方译法）Two sessions凉茶herbal tea荔枝Lychee立春Spring Begins老百姓Old hundred names劳模model worker捞面Lo mein拉面Hand-Pulled noodles昆曲Kunqu Opera筷子chopsticks孔子Confucius科举制度Imperial examination system抗日战争Anti-japanese war楷书regular style开放政策opening up policy居委会neighborhood committee九寨沟Jiuzhaigou valley九年义务教育nine year compulsory education京剧Peking opera京沪高铁Beijing-Shanghai high speed railway金鱼Goldfish轿子sedan chair饺子Jiaozi蛟龙Jiaolong建军节Army Day剪纸Paper Cutting甲骨(文) oracle bone家谱文化family tree culture火神fire god火锅hot pot 火把节torch festival馄饨汤Wonton Soup馄饨wonton黄河盆地Yellow River Basin黄河Yellow river皇陵imperial tomb华南虎South China Tiger花神flower god猴王Monkey King红楼梦Dream of the Red Chamber红歌Red Songs红包red envelope和谐共存Harmonious coexistence和平共处五项原则Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence汉代刺绣han embroidery汉朝Han dynasty寒食节Cold food festival海归Returned overseas Chinese裹足Bound feet桂圆；【植】龙眼longan贵州茅台kweichow moutai鬼节，中元节Ghost festival广交会Canton Fair广场舞Square dancing广场舞Guangchangwu故宫Palace Museum鼓楼Drum Tower古装戏Costume drama古琴Guqin狗肉节Dog Meat Festival狗不理goubuli宫保鸡丁kung pao chicken功夫Kungfu公务员考试civil service examination高考分数Gaokao score高考gaokao高考College Entrance Examination擀面杖Rolling pin改革开放Reform and opening to the outside world茯苓poria cocos茯茶fu tea佛经Buddhist scriptures凤凰Fenghuang风水Feng shui风水Fengshui粉丝Glass noodles二胡erhu峨眉山Mount Emei敦煌石窟Dunhuang grotto端午节Duanwu Festival端午节Dragon Boat festival独生子Only child豆奶Soybean milk豆浆soy milk豆浆soymilk豆腐乳fermented bean curd冬至Winter Solstice东坡肉Dongpo Pork东汉Eastern Han Dynasty东巴造纸术dongba papermaking craft 丢脸lose face钓鱼岛Diaoyu Islands点心dim sum灯谜lantern riddles道观Taoist temple刀削面Sliced noodles傣族Dai ethnic大禹Yu the Great大雪Heavy snow大暑Great heat大陆人mainlander春运Chunyun春秋时期Spring and Autumn Period 春联Spring Festival Couplets春卷Spring Roll春节spring festival创业板Chinext除夕Eve of the Spring Festival除夕Chinese New Year's Eve臭豆腐Stinky tofu城隍爷city god城管urban management officer炒面Chow mein嫦娥Chang'e禅Zen茶馆Tea house 茶道tea ceremony财神God of fortune财神God of wealth布达拉宫Potala Palace兵马俑Terracotta warriors and horses兵马俑terracotta figures本草纲目Compendium of Materia Medica北漂Beipiao北漂Beijing drifter北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck北京奥运会Beijing Olympic Games北斗系统Beidou system包子Baozi八仙Eight immortals八零后Post-80s generation。
中国传统文化词汇大全(一）1．上海大剧院Shanghai Grand Theatre2．龙须沟Longxu Ditch3．样板戏model opera4．地雷战The Mine Warfare5．贵妃醉酒Drunkened Concubine6．霸王别姬Farewell to My Concubine7．荒山泪Tears of Huangshan8．群英会Gathering of Heroes9．借东风East Wind10．将相和General and Premier Make Up11．杨门女将Women General of Y ang Family12．凤阳花鼓Flower Drum Dance13．大海啊，故乡Home in the Sea14．我的中国心My Chinese Heart15．军港之夜Night at the Naval Port16．冬天里的一把火Winter Fire17．十面埋伏（古曲）Ambush from All Sides18．天仙配Goddess Marriage19．牡丹亭Peony Pavilion20．春江花月夜Moon and Flower in the Spring River21．琵琶记The Story of Pipa22．野草（鲁迅作品集）Wild Grass23．彷徨（鲁迅作品集）Wandering24．故事新编（鲁迅作品集）Old Tales Retold25．炎黄子孙Chinese descent26．五行five elements27．观音菩萨Avalokitesvara28．菩萨Boddhisattva29．清真寺mosque30．道士Taoist31．和尚monk32．尼姑nun33．罗汉arhat34．财神爷the God of Wealth35．门神Door Gods36．玉皇大帝the Jade Emperor37．阎王爷King of Hell38．龙王Dragon King39．炉火神the Fire God40．药王the King of Medicine41．王母娘娘the Queen Mother of the West42．齐天大圣the Great Sage Equalling Heaven八卦trigram阴、阳yin, yang道Dao(cf. logo)江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world)e.g. Y ou can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖，身不由己)道Daoism(Taoism)上火excessive internal heat儒学Confucianism红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology世外桃源Shangri-la or Arcadia开放kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world)大锅饭getting an equal share regardless of the work done伤痕文学scar literature or the literature of the wounded不搞一刀切no imposing uniformity on …合乎国情，顺乎民意to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people乱摊派，乱收费imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge铁交椅iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post脱贫to shake off poverty; anti-poverty治则兴，乱则衰Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)馄饨wonton锅贴guotie (fried jiaozi)花卷steamed twisted rolls套餐set meal盒饭box lunch; Chinese take-away五行five elements春节The Spring Festival农历lunar calendar正月lunar January; the first month by lunar calendar除夕New Y ear's Eve; eve of lunar New Y ear初一the beginning of New Y ear元宵节The Lantern FestivalCustoms:过年Guo-nian; have the Spring Festival对联poetic couplet: two successive rhyming lines in poetry春联Spring Festival couplets剪纸paper-cuts年画New Y ear paintings买年货special purchases for the Spring Festival ; do Spring Festival shopping敬酒propose a toast灯笼lantern: a portable light烟花fireworks爆竹firecrackers (People scare off evil spirits and ghosts with the loud pop.)红包red packets (cash wrapped up in red paper, symbolize fortune and wealth in the coming year.)舞狮lion dance (The lion is believed to be able to dispel evil and bring good luck.)舞龙dragon dance (to expect good weather and good harvests)戏曲traditional opera杂耍variety show; vaudeville灯谜riddles written on lanterns灯会exhibit of lanterns守岁staying-up拜年pay New Y ear's call; give New Y ear's greetings; New Y ear's visit。
中国文化词汇大全1.元宵节：lantern festival2.刺绣：embroidery3.重阳节：double-ninth festival4.清明节：tomb sweeping day5.剪纸：paper cutting6.书法：calligraphy7.对联：(spring festival) couplets8.象形文字：pictograms/pictographiccharacters9.人才流动：brain drain/brain flow10.四合院：siheyuan/quadrangle11.战国：warring states12.风水：fengshui/geomantic omen13.铁饭碗：iron bowl14.函授部：the correspondence department15.集体舞：group dance16.黄土高原：loess plateau17.红白喜事：weddings and funerals18.中秋节：mid-autumn day19.结婚证：marriage certificate20.儒家文化：confucian culture21.附属学校：affiliated school22.古装片：costume drama23.武打片：chinese swordplay movie24.元宵：tangyuan/sweet rice dumpling(soup)25.一国两制：one country, two systems26.火锅：hot pot27._28.《诗经》：the book of songs29.素质教育：essential-qualities-orientededucation30.《史记》：historical records/records ofthe grand historian31.大跃进：great leap forward (movement)32.《西游记》：the journey to the west33.除夕：chinese new year’s eve/eve of thespring festival34.针灸：acupuncture35.唐三彩：tri-color pottery of the tangdynasty/ the tang tri-colored pottery36.中国特色的社会主义：chinese-characteredsocialist/socialist with chinesecharacteristics37.偏旁：radical38.孟子：mencius39.亭/阁：pavilion/attic40.大中型国有企业：large and medium-sizedstate-owned enterprises41.火药：gunpowder42.农历：lunar calendar43.印/玺：seal/stamp44.物质精神文明建设：the construction of materialcivilization and spiritual civilization45.京剧：beijing opera/peking opera46.秦腔：crying of qin people/qin opera47.太极拳：tai chi48.独生子女证：the certificate of one-child49.天坛：altar of heaven in beijing50.小吃摊：snack bar/snack stand51.红双喜：double happiness52.政治辅导员：political counselor/school counselor53.春卷：spring roll(s)54.莲藕：lotus root55.追星族：star struck56.故宫博物院：the palace museum57.相声：cross-talk/comic dialogue58.下岗：lay off/laid off59.北京烤鸭：beijing roast duck60.高等自学考试：self-taught examination ofhigher education61.烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker62.敦煌莫高窟：mogao caves63.电视小品：tv sketch/tv skit64.香港澳门同胞：compatriots from hong kong andmacao65.“”：cultural revolution66.长江中下游地区：the mid-low reaches ofyangtze river67.门当户对：perfect match/exact match68.《水浒》：water margin/outlaws of themarsh69.中外合资企业：joint ventures70.文房四宝(笔墨纸砚)："the four treasure ofthe study" "brush, inkstick, paper, and inkstone"71.兵马俑：cotta warriors/ terracotta army72.旗袍：cheongsam。
100个中国传统文化名词1、元宵节: Lantern Festival2、刺绣：Embroidery3、重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival4、清明节：Tomb Sweeping Day5、剪纸：Paper Cutting6、书法：Calligraphy7、对联：（Spring Festival）Couplets8、象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9、雄黄酒：Realgar wine10、四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11、战国：Warring States12、风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13、昆曲：Kunqu Opera14、长城：The Great Wall15、集体舞：Group Dance16、黄土高原：Loess Plateau17、红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals18、中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day19、花鼓戏：Flower Drum Song20、儒家文化：Confucian Culture21、中国结：Chinese knotting22、古装片：Costume Drama23、武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie24、元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling（Soup）25、越剧：Yue Opera26、火锅：Hot Pot27、江南：South Regions of the Yangtze River28、《诗经》：The Book of Songs29、谜语：Riddle30、《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31、《红楼梦》：A Dream of Red Mansions32、《西游记》：The Journey to the West33、除夕：Chinese New Year's Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34、针灸：Acupuncture35、唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery36、二人转: Errenzhuan37、偏旁:Radical38、孟子：Mencius39、亭/阁：Pavilion/Attic40、黄梅戏:Huangmei Opera41、火药：Gunpowder42、农历：Lunar Calendar43、印/玺：Seal/Stamp44、腊八节：The laba Rice Porridge Festival45、京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46、秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47、太极拳：TaiChi48、《本草纲目》: Compendium of Materia Medica49、天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing50、小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand51、红双喜：Double Happiness52、文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）: The Four Treasure of the Study/Brush，Inkstick，Paper，and Inkstone53、春卷：Spring Roll（s）54、莲藕：Lotus Root55、罗盘：Luopan56、故宫博物院：The Palace Museum57、相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58、五行：Five Phases59、北京烤鸭: Beijing Roast Duck60、《桃花扇》：The Peach Blossom Fan61、木偶戏：Puppet Show62、敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves63、电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit64、甲骨文：Oracle Bone Inscriptions65、古筝：Chinese Zither66、二胡：Urheen67、门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match68、《水浒》: Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69、除夕：Chinese New Year's Eve70、国子监：Imperial Academy71、兵马俑: Cotta Warriors/Terracotta Army72、旗袍：Cheongsam73、指南针：Compass74、泼水节：Water-Splashing Day75、馄饨：Wonton76、花卷：Steamed Twisted Rolls77、羊肉泡馍：Pita Bread Soaked in Lamb Soup78、冰糖葫芦：A stick of sugar-coated haws （or apples，etc.）79、八宝饭：Eight-Treasure Rice Pudding80、粉丝：Glass Noodles81、豆腐脑：Jellied Bean Curd82、小品：Witty Skits83、孝顺：To Show Filial Obedience84、武术：Wushu（Chinese Martial Arts）85、宣纸：Rice Paper86、衙门：Yamen87、叩头：Kowtow88、中庸：The Way of Medium（cf. Golden Means）89、牌楼：Pailou（Pai-Loo）90、东坡肉：Dongpo Pork91、中山陵：The Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum92、秦淮河：Qinhuai River93、玄武湖：Xuanwu Lake94、夫子庙：the Confucian Temple95、鸭血粉丝：Duck Blood Fans96、盐水鸭：Yanshuiya，or Salted and Baked Duck97、大煮干丝：Gansi98、小笼包：Steamed Buns99、明孝陵：Ming Tomb100、云锦：Nanjing brocade。
中国文化相关词汇粽子Zongzi转经筒Prayer wheel竹笋Bamboo shoots竹篱Bamboo fence竹筏bamboo raft竹雕Bamboo carving竹笛Bamboo flute周朝时期Zhou period重阳节double ninth festival中药TCM中式英语Chinglish中秋节Mid-autumn Festival中秋节Mooncake festival中华民族伟大复兴The Great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation中国象棋Chinese chess中国威胁论China Threat Theory中国式过马路chinese style road crossing 中国人民解放军chinese people's liberation army中国农历新年chinese lunar new year中国梦Chinese Dream中国梦China Dream中国结Chinese Knot中国草药Chinese herbal medicine蒸饺Steamed Dumplings针灸acupuncture and moxibustion长征the long march长衫cheongsam长江三角洲Yangtze river delta长江Yangtze river灶王爷Kitchen god灶神节Kitchen God festival云冈石窟Yungang Grottoes越剧Shaoxing opera岳阳楼Yueyang tower月饼Moon cakes月饼mooncake圆明园Yuanmingyuan元宵节Lantern Festival元朝Yuan Dynasty鸳鸯Yuanyang 玉兔Yutu玉兔Jade rabbit玉龙jade dragon玉帝Jade Emperor玉笛jade flute雨水The rains与时俱进Keep pace with the times鱼翅汤；鸡茸鱼翅羹；浓汤鸡丝翅shark's fin soup油茶oil tea应试教育exam-oriented education英语热English fever阴阳Yin yang易经The Book of Changes易经I-Ching颐和园Summer Palace窑洞Cave dwelling腰鼓Waist drum砚台ink stone烟花爆竹Fireworks and firecrackers亚洲四小龙Asian Tigers鸦片战争opium war宣纸Rice paper邪气evil qi孝子dutiful son小雪Light snow小康社会Well-off society象形文字Pictographic Characters湘绣xiang embroidery香incense stick相声Cross talk西周Western Zhou Dynasty舞龙舞狮Dragon and lion dance舞龙表演Dragon dance performance武侠小说martial arts novel武术大师martial arts master武术martial art五台山Mount Wutai五四运动May Fourth Movement五环路fifth ring road五行理论Theory of Five Elements五谷Five Grains五代Five Dynasties乌龙茶oolong tea文化大革命；文化革命；文革Cultural Revolution微信Wechat微博Weibo瓦罐earthen jar团圆饭family reunion dinner天国heavenly kingdom天安门广场tian'anmen square天安门Tian'an men陶艺porcelain art陶瓷和丝绸porcelain and silk唐诗Tang poetry唐朝Tang Dynasty汤圆Sweet dumplings泰山Mount Taishan太极拳Shadow boxing太极Tai chi孙子兵法The Art of War算盘abacus宋锦Song Brocade松花蛋preserved eggs四美four virtues四合院Quadrangle四大发明Four great inventions私塾Private school丝绸之路silk road水墨画家ink painter水墨画ink and wash painting水墨画ink painting水浒传The Water Margin双喜Double Happiness书法艺术calligraphic art寿星God of longevity史记Records of the Grand Historian 诗经Shijing诗经Book of Songs生肖动物Zodiac animals生肖chinese zodiac生肖Zodiac signs神州Shenzhou少先队Chinese young pioneers少林寺Shaolin temple少林功夫Shaolin Kung fu砂锅earthenware pot 三峡工程Three Gorges Project三峡大坝Three Gorges dam三国Three Kingdoms三公消费three public consumptions入党joining the party人民币Chinese renminbi秋分Autumn Equinox清明节Tomb sweeping day清明节qingming festival清明节Grave Sweeping Festival清明Clear and bright清朝Qing dynasties青年节Youth Day青藏高原Qinghai-Tibet Plateau契丹Khitan麒麟Kylin旗袍qipao旗袍mandarin robe旗袍cheongsam七夕double seven festival普通话mandarin普洱茶pu'er tea泼水节Water Splashing Festival皮影戏Shadow play藕lotus root傩戏Nuo Opera农民工Rural migrant workers农历新年lunar chinese new year农历Lunar Calendar鸟巢；燕窝bird's nest年画nianhua年糕Rice cake南水北调South to North Water Diversion 南京大屠杀nanjing massacre南京大屠杀Nanking massacre木偶戏Puppet show墨条ink stick莫高窟Mogao Grottoes明朝ming dynasty庙Buddhist Temple苗族Miao ethnic米线Rice noodles米酒rice wine蒙古族Mongolian ethnic蒙古包Mongolian yurt茅台moutai裸婚Naked wedding论语Analects of Confucius龙舟赛Dragon boat racing龙王Dragon king龙年dragon year龙门石窟Longmen Grottoes龙井茶dragon well tea龙的传人Descendants of the Dragon龙宝宝Dragon baby留守儿童left-behind children两会（官方译法）Two sessions凉茶herbal tea荔枝Lychee立春Spring Begins老百姓Old hundred names劳模model worker捞面Lo mein拉面Hand-Pulled noodles昆曲Kunqu Opera筷子chopsticks孔子Confucius科举制度Imperial examination system抗日战争Anti-japanese war楷书regular style开放政策opening up policy居委会neighborhood committee九寨沟Jiuzhaigou valley九年义务教育nine year compulsory education京剧Peking opera京沪高铁Beijing-Shanghai high speed railway金鱼Goldfish轿子sedan chair饺子Jiaozi蛟龙Jiaolong建军节Army Day剪纸Paper Cutting甲骨(文) oracle bone家谱文化family tree culture火神fire god火锅hot pot 火把节torch festival馄饨汤Wonton Soup馄饨wonton黄河盆地Yellow River Basin黄河Yellow river皇陵imperial tomb华南虎South China Tiger花神flower god猴王Monkey King红楼梦Dream of the Red Chamber红歌Red Songs红包red envelope和谐共存Harmonious coexistence和平共处五项原则Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence汉代刺绣han embroidery汉朝Han dynasty寒食节Cold food festival海归Returned overseas Chinese裹足Bound feet桂圆；【植】龙眼longan贵州茅台kweichow moutai鬼节，中元节Ghost festival广交会Canton Fair广场舞Square dancing广场舞Guangchangwu故宫Palace Museum鼓楼Drum Tower古装戏Costume drama古琴Guqin狗肉节Dog Meat Festival狗不理goubuli宫保鸡丁kung pao chicken功夫Kungfu公务员考试civil service examination高考分数Gaokao score高考gaokao高考College Entrance Examination擀面杖Rolling pin改革开放Reform and opening to the outside world茯苓poria cocos茯茶fu tea佛经Buddhist scriptures凤凰Fenghuang风水Feng shui风水Fengshui粉丝Glass noodles二胡erhu峨眉山Mount Emei敦煌石窟Dunhuang grotto端午节Duanwu Festival端午节Dragon Boat festival独生子Only child豆奶Soybean milk豆浆soy milk豆浆soymilk豆腐乳fermented bean curd冬至Winter Solstice东坡肉Dongpo Pork东汉Eastern Han Dynasty东巴造纸术dongba papermaking craft 丢脸lose face钓鱼岛Diaoyu Islands点心dim sum灯谜lantern riddles道观Taoist temple刀削面Sliced noodles傣族Dai ethnic大禹Yu the Great大雪Heavy snow大暑Great heat大陆人mainlander春运Chunyun春秋时期Spring and Autumn Period 春联Spring Festival Couplets春卷Spring Roll春节spring festival创业板Chinext除夕Eve of the Spring Festival除夕Chinese New Year's Eve臭豆腐Stinky tofu城隍爷city god城管urban management officer炒面Chow mein嫦娥Chang'e禅Zen茶馆Tea house 茶道tea ceremony财神God of fortune财神God of wealth布达拉宫Potala Palace兵马俑Terracotta warriors and horses兵马俑terracotta figures本草纲目Compendium of Materia Medica北漂Beipiao北漂Beijing drifter北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck北京奥运会Beijing Olympic Games北斗系统Beidou system包子Baozi八仙Eight immortals八零后Post-80s generation。
Unit 2 中国文化词汇一、艺术及工艺Arts and Crafts版画engraving贝雕画shell carving picture彩塑painted sculpture瓷器porcelain; china刺绣embroidery雕刻carving宫灯palace lantern国画Chinese painting剪纸paper-cut景德镇瓷 Jingdezhen porcelain木/石/竹刻wood/stone/bamboo carving木刻画wood engraving皮影shadow puppet水墨画Chinese brush drawing ; ink and wash painting唐三彩Tang tri-colored pottery陶器pottery ; earthenware图章seal微雕miniature engraving象牙雕刻ivory carving二、戏剧表演Theatrical Performances京剧人物脸谱types of facial makeup in Beijing opera生male characters末middle-aged male characters净“painted face” characters旦female characters丑clown木偶戏puppet show独角戏monodrama; one-man play皮影戏shadow play ; leather-silhouette show戏剧小品skit哑剧dumb show ; mime ; mummery ; pantomime 单口相声monologue comic talk双口相声witty dialogue口技vocal imitations说书monologue story-telling杂技acrobatic performance叠罗汉making a human pyramid特技stunt睬高跷stilt walk马戏circus performances三、传统节日Traditional Festivals拜年paying a New Year call爆竹firecracker鞭炮 a string of small firecrackers除夕New Year’s Eve春节Spring Festival春联Spring Festival couplets (conveying best wishes for the year )辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new ; ring out the old year and ring in the new大扫除year-end household cleaning灯谜lantern riddles登高hill climbing端午节Dragon Boat Festival恭喜发财May you be prosperous! / Wish you all the best !饺子dumplings (with meat and vegetable stuffing )龙灯舞 dragon lantern dance庙会temple fair年画New Year picture年夜饭family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year’s Eve清明节 Tomb-sweeping Festival扫墓paying respect to the dead赏菊enjoying chrysanthemum赏月enjoying the full moon狮子舞lion dance压岁钱money given to children as a Lunar New Year gift秧歌舞yangge dance元宵sweet rice-flour dumplings (eaten on the Lantern Festival )元宵节Lantern Festival月饼moon cake植树节Tree-planting Day中秋节Mid-autumn Festival重阳节Double Ninth Festival粽子 a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves四、烹饪Culinary Arts美食节gourmet festival中餐烹饪Chinese cuisine色，香，味俱全perfect combination of color , aroma , taste and appearance四大菜系：山东菜，四川菜，粤菜，扬州菜four major Chinese cuisines: Shandong cuisine , Sichuan cuisine , Canton cuisine andYangzhou cuisine南淡北咸，东甜西辣the light southern cuisine , and the salty northern cuisine; the sweet eastern cuisine , and the spicy western cuisine八宝饭eight-treasure rice pudding (glutinous rice steamed with preserved fruits , sweetened bean paste , lotus seeds , longan , etc.)白斩鸡tender boiled chicken (made by boiling a whole chicken in water and cutting into cubes , then dipping into seasonings )臭豆腐odd-odour beancurd粉蒸肉pork streamed with rice flour风味小吃local delicacy刀功，火候Cutting and Slicing Techniques , Heat Control切片slicing切条cutting to strips切丝shredding切柳filleting切丁dicing切碎mincing磨碎grinding大/旺/武火strong heat中火medium heat小/微/文火 gentle heat五、烹饪方法Cooking Techniques煎pan-frying炒stir-frying爆quick-frying炸deep-frying烩stewing熏smoking煨simmering煮boiling烘baking烤roasting蒸steaming红烧braising (with soy sauce )涮羊肉dip-boiled mutton slices羊肉串小摊 mutton barbecue stall六、宗教Religions佛教Buddhism佛寺Buddhist temple道教Taoism道观Taoist temple道士Taoist priest儒教Confucianism孔子庙Confucian temple孔子Confucius义，礼，智，信，忠，恕，孝，悌rightness, propriety , wisdom , trustworthiness , loyalty , reciprocity ,filial piety , brotherly love学而优则仕 A good scholar can become an official ./ He who excels in study can follow an official career.伊斯兰教Islam清真寺mosques古兰经the Koran耶稣教Christianity耶稣基督 Jesus Christ洗礼baptism天主教Catholicism天主教堂Catholic church七、古代典籍Famous Ancient Books《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals《史记》Historical Records《诗经》The Book of Songs《书经》The Book of History《易经》The Book of Changes《礼记》The Book of Rites四书：The Four Books:《大学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》The Analects of Confucius《孟子》The Mencius《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica《资治通鉴》History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers《西厢记》The Romance of West Chamber《三国演义》The Romance of the Three Kingdoms《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes ; Water Margins《西游记》Pilgrimage to the West《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions ; The story of the Stone《聊斋志异》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio六艺：礼，乐，射，御，书，数six classical arts: rites , music , archery , riding , writing , arithmetic朦胧诗misty poetry武侠小说martial arts novel ; a kung fu novel言情小说romantic fiction ; sentimental novel八股文eight-part essay ; stereotyped writing五言绝句five-character quatrain七言律诗seven-character octave八、特色词汇1. 消除愚昧eliminate ignorance2. 扫除文盲eliminate （wipe out ）illiteracy3. 营造良好的文化环境create a healthy cultural environment4. 促进文化市场健康发展facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products5. 开展对外文化交流conduct cultural exchange with other countries6. 博采各国文化之长draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries7. 开展群众性文化活动carry out mass activities on culture8. 保护文化遗产protect cultural heritage9. 继承历史文化优秀传统carry on the fine cultural traditions (handed from history)10. 繁荣文学艺术enable literature and art to flourish11. 举行每年一次的学术会议hold an annual academic meeting12. 尊重知识，尊重人才respect knowledge and respect competent people13. 向世界展示中国文化建设的成就introduce China’s achievements of cultural advancement to the world14. 加强文化基础设施建设build more cultural establishments15. 提倡文明的生活方式advocate civilized lifestyle (way of life)16. 不注重历史neglect history17. 推动人类文明进步push forward human civilization18. 对。
黄河流域Yellow River Valley文化融合，政治统一cultural fusion and political unity游牧部落nomadic tribesmen疆域territory小农经济the small-scale peasant economy封建主经济landlord / owner-peasant自然经济形态the natural economic pattern农、林、木、副、渔agriculture, forestation, herding, fishing and third industry cooperation中原the Central Plains重农轻商encourage farming, limit commerce战国时期the Warring States Period男耕女织the man cultivating the land and the woman weaving at home自给自足的自然经济self-sufficient natural economy一盘散沙a sheet of loose sand草根阶层the grass-roots level人头税the poll tax水能载舟，亦能覆舟the water that bears the boat is the same that swallows it / the water that carries the boat can also overturn it多元一体integrated pluralism吐故纳新discard the old and embrace the new炎黄子孙the descendants of Yandi and Huangdi礼仪之邦the land of ceremony and propriety大一统观念the notion of great national unity甲骨文the inscriptions on tortoise shells or animal bones铭文the inscriptions on bronze or copper wares象形、指事、会意、形声pictographs, self-explanatory characters, associative compounds and pictophonetic method四书五经The Four Books and The Five Classics书同文、行同伦the standardized language and behaviors儒、道、佛、法家Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and the Legalist School焚书坑儒burn books and bury Confucian scholars alive无为而治to govern by doing nothing that is against nature独尊儒术、罢黜百家pay supreme tribute to Confucianism while banning all other schools of thought四大发明Four Great Inventions of Ancient China: The invention of papermaking technology, the art of printing, the making of the gunpowder, the compass守内虚外internal defense and external slackening重文轻武lay stress on the cultural achievement while making light of the military exploits清明上河图The Festival of Pure Brightness on the River求和谐，主平衡seek for harmony and maintain equilibrium消灾祈福avert calamities and pray for blessings临时抱佛脚clasp Buddha’s feet when in trouble – seek help at the last moment六合six realms of Heaven and Earth, East and West, North and South内圣外王the supreme morality at once internalized as cultivation and externalized as governance真诚、正心、修身sincerity, integrity, and intellectual cultivation齐家治国平天下keep your family in order, govern the state effectively and bring peace to the world中庸the golden mean天人合一oneness of man and nature大一统great national unity集体利益collective interest人伦human relations普天之下莫非王土，率土之滨莫非王臣all the land under the sun belongs to the king; all the people within this country are the king’s subjects《史记》Historical Records宗族关系the patriarchal relations赴汤蹈火go through fire and water中华民族的脊梁the spiritual tower of Chinese nation否极泰来out of depth of misfortune comes bliss以柔克刚conquer the rigid with the gentle一张一弛alternate tension with relaxation仁者爱人the benevolent love others仁政benevolent government以民为本people were the foundation of the state民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻people come first, the state comes second and the king third性善论original goodness of human nature小国寡民a small state with a small population无为而治to govern by doing nothing汉代经学Imperial Confucianism in the Han Dynasty科举考试the imperial competitive examination诸侯国dukedom祭歌sacrificial songs忠孝仁爱loyalty, filial piety, benevolence and love博爱universal love孔曰成仁，孟曰取义while Confucius advocated “killing oneself for benevolence”, Mencius encouraged “killing oneself for righteousness”中国文化之精髓the cream of the Chinese culture原始社会primitive society巫sorcerer/sorceress高雅的古典艺术a refined classical art中华民族的瑰宝a treasure of the Chinese nation内容丰富，形式完美，风格独特rich in content, perfect in form and unique in style古装戏costume operas脸谱a painted face生旦净末丑sheng(male), dan(female), jing(painted face), mo(old male), chou(clown)篆书the Seal Character隶书the Official Script楷书the Regular Script行书the Running Script草书the Cursive Script对联Chinese couplets/pillar couplets/antithetical couplets篆刻seal cutting开山鼻主pioneer master章法the composition民间工艺folk art前身predecessor吉利话good luck charms装裱mount/mounting彩印process printing单色印刷monochromatic printing艺术表现力artistic expression艺术创作artistic creation高度概括的主题masterly generalized themes大肆夸张的形象sensationally exaggerated images继承inherit勾线技法sketching techniques构图严谨而饱满an accurate and well-conceived composition 线条简约而粗犷simple yet bold lines画面古朴而夸张unsophisticated yet exaggerated images人物生动而憨厚色泽艳丽而明快bright and lively colors质朴大方honest and graceful散发出浓郁的乡土气息give off a strong local flavor求福避祸bring good luck and avoid disasters装饰艺术decorative arts宫廷画师court painter取得长足进步make great strides心灵手巧a clever mind and nimble fingers平面图案a plane figure独创性和耐人寻味original and thought-provoking对称图形symmetrical patterns同音异义的homonymous蜈蚣风筝centipede kite刺绣作品embroidery article双面绣double-faced embroidery争奇斗艳vie for beauty and glamour。
