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《英语语言学导论》课程学期论文及编排格式一、总体要求1．文字篇幅：总体不少于1500单词（只指正文部分）。
2．纸型：A4打印稿。
打印稿。
3．页面设置：左、右、下边距为2.5厘米，上边距为2.8厘米。
厘米。
4．字体：Times New Roman；字号：小四；；字号：小四；5．字符间距：标准；行间距：固定值18磅，段前和段后均为0行。
行。
6. 内容要求：符合英语语言学论文的范围和要求。
7. 上交日期：本学期第18周周5下午16：00前，由班长收齐后一起上交到W1835。
二、论文的组成部分1. 封面（格式见附第二页）封面 （格式见附第二页）2. 正文正文3. 参考文献：单独编页参考文献：单独编页三、排版要求：见后常州大学外国语学院英语系《英语语言学导论》课程学期论文姓名：__________________________________ 班级：__________________________________ 学号：__________________________________ 成绩：__________________________________二○一三年十二月conflict between the id and the superego. The former is characterized by her strong drive of independence independence and and and imagination, imagination, imagination, which which which explains explains explains why why why Isabel Isabel Isabel chooses chooses chooses to to to marry marry marry Osmond. Osmond. Osmond. The The latter latter is is is characterized characterized characterized by by by her her her consciousness consciousness consciousness of of of social social social requirements requirements requirements and and and ego-ideal ego-ideal ego-ideal of of of being being perfect by acquiring European civilization, which accounts for the reason why Isabel chooses to maintain her tragic marriage with Osmond. （空一行）《英语语言学导论》评分标准该课程共32学时，为考查课，成绩评定采取课程论文的形式。
《英语语言学导论》课程简介
根据教育部批准实施的《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》，英语语言学导论是英语专业的一门专业必修课。
英语专业课程分为英语专业技能、英语专业知识和相关专业知识三种类型。
英语语言学导论属于英语专业知识课程，它是在学生打好扎实的英语语言基本功和牢固掌握英语专业知识的前提下，拓宽人文学科知识和科技知识，注重培养获取知识的能力、独立思考的能力和创新的能力，提高文化素质。
本课程要求学生能够比较全面、比较系统地了解现代语言学这一领域的一些最主要、最有影响的语言学理论，并能运用语言学理论解释语言现象、解决语言学习和教学等问题的能力，提高自身的语言修养和学习语言的能力。
作为英语教育专业的学生，通过对英语语言学导论的学习，会认识到语言学理论对英语学习和教学产生着重大的影响：在二十世纪前半叶，由于结构主义语言学占主导，外语学习中语法占据重大比重；五、六十年代兴起以韩礼德为代表的功能语言学，外语教学以交际教学为主；现在认知语言学在中国成为研究热点，不少教材利用其最新成果，以求更切合外语学习的规律。
课程内容主要包括：语言的本质特点与功能；语言学的一些重要概念区别；语音学；音系学；词法学；句法学；语篇学；语义学；语言与认知；语言与文化；语用学；文体学；计算机语言学；应用语言学；现代语言学流派。
英语语言学导论在现代社会中，英语已成为世界上最重要的语言之一。
它的使用广泛，并在全球范围内被广泛教授和学习。
英语语言学是研究英语语言的起源、结构、运用和变化的学科。
本文将介绍英语语言学的基本概念和主要研究领域。
第一部分：语言的定义和特征语言是人类特有的沟通工具。
它通过词汇、语法和语音等要素传达思想和意义。
英语作为一种语言具有以下几个特征：1. 音位学：英语的语音系统是非常复杂的，包含了多种元音和辅音的组合。
音位学研究这些语音单元的发音规则和区别。
2. 词汇学：词汇学是研究语言中的词汇和词汇的组合方式。
英语借用了许多其他语言的词汇，并形成了自己独特的词汇体系。
3. 语法学：语法学研究语言的句法规则和结构。
英语有一套复杂的语法规则，包括句子成分的排列、时态和语态等。
4. 语义学：语义学研究语言的意义和符号之间的关系。
英语语义学关注单词和短语的意义以及其在句子中的作用。
第二部分：英语语言学的重要理论1. 生成语法：生成语法是描述语言结构的一种理论框架。
它认为语言的句子是由一系列规则翻译而来的。
在英语语言学中，生成语法的应用被广泛讨论和研究。
2. 语言变化：语言变化研究语言在时间和空间上的变化。
英语是一个活跃的语言，它经历了多次变化和演化。
研究英语变化可以帮助我们理解语言的发展和演变过程。
3. 语用学：语用学关注语言使用的背景和意图。
在英语语言学中，语用学研究口语交流、演讲和修辞等方面。
第三部分：英语作为国际语言的影响英语作为国际语言对全球化和文化交流产生了重要影响。
它被广泛用于商务、科技和学术交流等领域。
英语语言学的研究对英语作为国际语言的发展和应用具有重要意义。
1. 跨文化交际：英语作为国际语言使不同文化之间的交流更加方便。
研究跨文化交际可以帮助人们更好地理解和应对跨文化交流中的障碍和挑战。
2. 语言教育：英语作为国际语言受到广泛学习者的关注和学习。
英语语言学的研究对英语教育的改进和发展具有重要作用。
英语语言学导论练习题英语语言学导论是一门研究英语语言结构、发展和使用的学科。
以下是一些练习题，旨在帮助学生更好地理解英语语言学的基本概念和理论。
练习题一：语音学1. 描述英语中的元音和辅音的区别。
2. 列举至少五种英语中的双元音，并说明它们的发音特点。
3. 解释“音位”和“音素”的区别，并给出例子。
练习题二：形态学1. 定义“形态学”并解释其在语言学中的重要性。
2. 举例说明英语中的派生词和复合词。
3. 描述英语中的不规则动词变化，并给出几个例子。
练习题三：句法学1. 简述句法研究的主要内容。
2. 用树状图表示一个简单英语句子的结构。
3. 解释“主语”、“谓语”和“宾语”在句子中的作用。
练习题四：语义学1. 定义“语义学”并解释其研究范围。
2. 描述“同义”和“反义”的概念，并给出英语例子。
3. 解释“语境”如何影响语言的意义。
练习题五：语用学1. 什么是语用学？它与语义学有何不同？2. 描述“指示语”、“礼貌原则”和“合作原则”在交际中的作用。
3. 举例说明如何在不同的社交场合中使用不同的语言风格。
练习题六：社会语言学1. 解释社会语言学研究的主要内容。
2. 讨论语言变异与社会身份之间的关系。
3. 描述双语现象及其对语言使用者的影响。
练习题七：心理语言学1. 心理语言学是如何研究语言的？2. 描述“语言习得”的过程及其理论。
3. 讨论“母语”和“第二语言”学习之间的差异。
练习题八：历史语言学1. 定义“历史语言学”并解释其研究目的。
2. 描述英语的发展历史和主要变化。
3. 讨论语言接触和借用对语言发展的影响。
完成这些练习题将有助于加深对英语语言学各个方面的理解，并提高分析和应用语言学理论的能力。
希望这些练习题能对你的学习有所帮助。
英语语言学导论第二版课后题答案这篇课件介绍的是英语语言学导论第二版的课后题，也就是 predictional node,可以说是很多英语学习者学英语的入门。
这本课教程主要包括四个部分，第一是基础知识：英语语言学导论第二版的学习指南；第二是词汇、语法等部分内容；第三句话；第四个单元：基本语法和常识性语法。
由于这些部分主要针对英语学习者的，所以大部分人都不会太过深入。
第一部分主要介绍基本语法和常识性语法。
第二段从词汇开始教起，介绍常见单词表方法和有关单词表规则。
第三部分就是理论部分，主要对相关理论进行介绍和讲解。
第四部分则是一些语法结构、语法知识方面的练习和讲解，包括长难句设计和语义分析法等方面内容。
一、基本语法基本语法主要是指由名词、动词、形容词、谓词和定冠词等组成的句式结构。
语法有两个重要的特点，一是强调在逻辑上主谓一致和主谓宾一致；二是强调在形式上主谓一致和主宾一致。
在英文里，句式的基本形式是名词或形容词+名词修饰短语，这就决定了句子的结构是主宾并列式组合而非主谓宾非主有定冠词修饰短句。
这种结构以主从为主，主从搭配为辅，辅音连用为主就成了这种结构典型例句。
如: go up with not a london’s a doing; to was in the way for the doing; was the doing of this will with london; but as that way so that in the denim; proposition of that to that dots等。
这种结构式语法类型。
还有一些例子表明主谓一致或主次有序在形式上没有明显区别。
这种结构式还可以用不同形式表示宾语、代词和不定冠词等等；也有一些句子仅在主句之间使用谓词介辞方式而不运用动词主句的时候会用谓语短词组替代原句主句中未出现过的或不需要过多动词介辞元素（如 frontiers、 state等）而不用宾语或非宾语修饰动词和介词短语等。
一、D: language acquisition device 语言习得机制2. Displacement: Displacement is that language can refer to the contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. 移位法3、cultural transmission：文化传递性Animals call systems are genetically transmitted. Human languages are culturally transmitted.4. Interpersonal function: 人际关系Interpersonal function is the most important sociological use of language, by which people establish and maintain their status in a society. In addition, the ways in which people address others and refer to themselves indicate the various types of interpersonal relations. Finally, language marks our identity.5.Linguistics: Linguistics is defined as the systematic (or scientific) study of language 语言学6、Applied linguistics: Applied linguistics is a branch of study which apply linguistics to the research of other areas. 应用语言学7、Syntax: Syntax studies the rules governing the combination of words into sentences. 句法学8. morphology: Morphology is concerned with the internal organization of words. It studies the minimal units of meaning-morphemes and word-formation processes. 形态学二、1. Language acquisition and language learningLanguage acquisition is to get a language subconsciously and naturally with no great effort. Language learning is to get a language consciously with great efforts and usually under the teachers’ instruction.For instance, for most Chinese, their knowledge about their mother tongue-Chinese, is language acquisition, while their knowledge about English is language learning.2. Foreign language and second languageA language has gained official status in certain region or country is called second language, while foreign language has not.For example, for most Indians, English is their second language since English has gained official status in their country while English is regarded as foreign language in China.3. Expressive function and Evocative functionExpressive function is the use of language to reveal something about the feelings and attitudes of the speaker. In this function, language is used to evaluate, appraise and assert the speaker’s attitudes, etc.Evocative function is the use of language to create certain feelings in the hearer. It aims to amuse, startle, anger, soothe, worry or please.4. Phonetics and Phonology.Phonetics studies speech sounds, including the production of speech, that is, how speech sounds are actually made, transmitted and received, thedescription and classification of speech sounds, words and connected speech.Phonology is the branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of languages.5. Semantics and PragmaticsSemantics studies the meaning of languagePragmatics is the study of meaning in context.6. Synchronic and DiachronicSynchronic description takes a fixed instant as its point of observation. Diachronic linguistics is the study of a language through the course of its history.7. Langue and paroleLangue is the linguistic competence of the speaker. It refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.Parole is the actual phenomena or data of linguistics. It refers to the actualized language.Langue is abstract, stable, systematic and not actually spoken by anyone. Parole is specific, personal, subject to personal and situational constraints and always a naturally occurring event.petence and performance(语言能力和语言运用）A language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules iscalled his linguistic competence.Performance refers to the actual use of language in concrete situations.简答题:1. What are the design features of language?Arbitrariness任意性Duality二元性Creativity创造性Displacement移位性Culture transmission文化传递性Interchangeability互换性2. What is morpheme? Morpheme is the minimal unit of meaning. For example，“purify”consist of “pur” and“ify”，and the noun“disappearance” consist of three morphemes: appear, dis and ance. They all have meanings, and cannot be divided any more.3. What is phoneme? Example. Phoneme is the smallest linguistic unit of sound that can signal a difference in meaning. E.g.：/b/ /p/ /k/ /g/.4. What is the performative function of human language? Supply example s to illustrate.The performative function of language is primarily to change the social status of persons .It can also extend to the control of reality as on some magical or religions occasion .For example ,language is always used in the sentencing of criminals, the blessing of children and the naming of a ship at a launching ceremony.5. What are the basic three branches of phonetics?Articulatory phonetics, Acoustic phonetics, Auditory phonetics.6. Giving four branches of macrolinguistics.Psycholinguistics心理语言学sociolinguistics社会语言学Anthropological linguistics人类语言学Computational linguistics 计算语言学.7. What are the seven function of language.Informative信息功能interpersonal function人际功能performative 施为功能Emotive function感情功能phatic communion寒暄功能recreational function娱乐功能metalingual function元语言功能。
Course Name:
Introduction to Linguistics
Sept. 2012, for Grade 2010 Classes 1-6
English Undergraduate Program
Department of English
School of Foreign Language Studies
Nanchang University (NCU)
Course Instructor: Prof./Dr. JIANG
Syllabus
Course Description:
This course aims at providing undergraduate juniors of English major with a fundamental and systematic account of the basic knowledge of the studies of linguistics at the modern time with explanations, illustrations, and necessary examples from the course book and also from present English and Chinese language uses, to help develop the students’ interest in this study, to facilitate their understanding of the linguistic terms and theories, and to build a systematic knowledge of the said study.
Major Books Used for this Course:
1)Hu, Zhuanglin 2006.Linguistics. A Course Book (Third Edition). Beijing
University Press, used as students’ course book.
2) Robins, R. H. 1967/1997. A Short History of Linguistics (4th edn). London, New
York: Longman.
4) Yule, George. 2000. The Study of Language. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching
and Research Press.
5) Keith Brown et al. (eds.) 2006. Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (2nd edn),
Oxford: Elsevier.
6) Collinge, N. E. (ed.) 2005. An Encyclopaedia of Language. London, New York:
Routledge.
7) Strazny, Philipp (ed.) 2005. An Encyclopedia of Linguistics.New York, Oxon:
Fitzroy Dearborn.
8) Wikipedia.
9) Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2007. the electronic edition can be accessible on the
internet.
Course Requirements:
1)Attentive listening, active participation, quick note-taking and understanding,
nice presentation in class and all the related activities
2)Complete preview, in-class and after-class assignments
3)Pass the final examination
Course Schedule:
1)General Introduction
2)Chapter 1—Design features, origin, and functions of language
3)Chapter 1 — Main branches, macro-linguistics, and important distinctions
in linguistics
4)Chapter 2—Phonetic studies
5)Chapter 2—Phonological studies
6)Chapter 3—Word and Formation
7)Chapter 3—Word/lexical changes
8)Chapter 4—Syntactic relation, construction, and function
9)Chapter 4—Grammatical categories, phrasing and beyond
10)Chapter 5—Meaning and sense relation
11)Chapter 5—Meaning analyses
12)Chapter 8—Pragmatics (1)
13)Chapter 8—Pragmatics (2) --Post-Gricean developments
14)Chapter 11—Linguistics and foreign language teaching
15)Summary
Lecture 1
General Introduction:
Modern Linguistics and Earlier Linguistic Studies
In this lecture, we shall make a general introduction to the development of modern linguistics and the linguistic studies before that. The students will get a general view/picture of the developments, the main linguistic schools, and their studies through attending this lecture.
0.Leading in: What does your mind do most of the time? Or what do you do most of
the time in your life including the dreaming time when you sleep? What is your major? What is English? Language is what you use most of the time in your life and is also your major. Since you are language majors, very likely you will use it for your future work. Why not learn about it then? What is language? What does it cover? …These are the questions for linguistics.
1.The beginning of MODERN linguistics: 1916—
(Q1. When did modern linguistics begin?)
1) The first modern linguistic approach
a. The “father of modern linguistics”-- Ferdinand de Saussure索绪尔。
