下载文档原格式
高考14种从句用法总复习之定语从句用法定语从句一、定语从句用法讲解用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句一般跟在先行之后。
用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词。
关系代词有who, whom, whose(指人)；that, which(指物),用来代替先行词。
that也可以指人,which 不能指人。
who, whom, which, that 在定语从句中作主语或者宾语；whose在定语从句中作定语。
例如：This is the boy who is good at English.This the boy (whom) Mr. Cheng teaches every day.This is the boy whose father is an English teacher.This is the desk whose leg is broken.= This is the desk the leg of which is broken.= This is the desk of which the leg is broken.This is the book that/which was bought by Tom yesterday.This is the book (that /which) he bought yesterday.This is the book whose cover is gone.注意：关系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。
用来引导定语从句的副词（when, where, why）叫关系副词。
when, where, why代替前面的表示时间、地点、原因的先行词。
关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
例如：I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.This is the school where Mr. Cheng works.This is the reason why Li Ping is often late for class.二、定语从句用法定语从句是中学阶段的语法重点，也是历年高考的热点。
高考英语复习6.定语从句（语法）语法讲座：定语从句一、先行词、关系代词和关系副词1．先行词(antecedent)就是被定语从句所修饰的名词。
在英语中，定语从句跟在被修饰词之后，所以被修饰词就是“先行”的词。
2．连接定语从句，要用关系代词(relative pronoun)和关系副词(relative adverb)。
关系代词和关系副词与连接词不完全相同，因为它们除了连接主句和定语从句，还在定语从句中代替一定的成分。
二、关系代词1．who先行词是“人”，在从句中代替主语。
注意：代替从句中的主语，who不能省略。
who的单复数由先行词决定。
但是要注意“one of +先行词”与“the only one of +先行词”的情况。
2．whom先行词是“人”，在从句中代替宾语。
whom在从句中经常可以省略，但如果在介词后面，则不能省。
3．which先行词是“物”，在从句中可以代替主语或宾语。
which代替主语时，不能省略，它的单复数由先行词决定。
which 代替宾语时则经常省略，但如果在介词后面，那么也不能省略。
which的先行词有时还可以是前面的整个句子，这时它总是看成单数，也不能省略。
4．that先行词可以是“人”，也可以是“物”，在从句中可以代替主语或者宾语。
that代替主语时，不能省略，代替宾语时则经常省略。
that不能用在介词之后。
在以下三种情况时，我们一般不用关系代词who, whom, 和which，而只用that：1）先行词是不定代词如anything, something, all等词，或由all, every, little, any, much, the very 等词所修饰；2）先行词前有最高级形容词或序数词所修饰；3）先行词是由and连接的两个词，分别指“人”和“物”。
5．whose先行词可以是“人”，也可以是“物”，在从句中代替定语。
whose不能省略。
如果先行词是“物”，我们也可以用sth. of which代替whose。
定语从句定语从句的核心考点1.功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。
2.位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。
Those who are for the plan raise your hands，please.3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。
先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some-，any-，every-和no-与-body，-thing的合成词；或all，none，any，some，that，those等代词。
数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。
4.关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as等关系副词：when，where，why等5.确定关系词的步骤：(1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。
(1)先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.(2)关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit (them) in China.6.在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which：(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
(2)先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，few等修饰时。
(3)先行词为all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代词时。
(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。
语法复习四：定语从句（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词：when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。
（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。
e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。
形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。
e.g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1、that与which的区别。
1）用that而不用which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。
定语从句专项讲解提问：定语是什么？ 修饰限定名词或代词的成分被称为定语。
举例: This is a beautiful flower. （形容词作定语，置前）This is a flower in the garden. （介词短语作定语，置后）This is先行词 关系词 定语从句➢ 定义：在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
➢ 结构： 先行词+ 关系词+ 其他➢ 关系词的用法:1. 关系词的分类：1）关系代词： who, whom, which, that, whose2）关系副词： when, where, why (作状语)2. 关系代词在句中充当成分3. 关系代词的详细用法●who, whom的用法1) who在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省。
The girl who is in red is Lily. (作___________,不可省）I like the person who you are talking to. (作___________,可用whom/that替换或者省略)You are who you are. (作___________, 不可省)2) whom在句中作宾语，限制性从句可省，非限制性从句中不能省略I happened to meet the professor whom I got to know at a party yesterday.(作________,可省)I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards. （_________后面不可省）●whose的用法whose的先行词既可指人，也可指物。
在定语从句中作定语，whose = the n. +of which/whome.g. This is the scientist whose achievements are well known. (whose指人)= This is the scientist, ____________ the achievements are well known.e.g. I’d like a room whose window faces the sea. （whose指物）= I’d like a room______________ the window faces the sea.that 和which 的用法1) 限制性定语从句中，通常情况下可以互换。
高考英语语法知识点专题复习—定语从句定语从句---基础篇一、定语从句（一）：1. 定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3. 关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。
如that、which、who、whom、whose、as、where、when、why等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。
二、定语从句（二）：1. 先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下，只能用that 不用which。
1). 当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。
There is nothing ______ I can do for you.2). 当先行词被the only、the very、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。
This is the very book ______ I’m looking for.3). 先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that。
This is the first textbook ______ I studied in the middle school.4). 先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen.=I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian.5). 先行词既有人也有物时，只能that。
He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had.2. 先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下，只能用which不用that。
高考英语定语从句知识精讲一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语；which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略）；who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略）；whom 指人在从句中作宾语（作宾语时可以省略）；whose 指人或物在从句中作定语；as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语；注意：指物时，whose+名词 = the+名词+of which 或 of which + the +名词2、as 的用法（1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as; the same…as;注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个the same…that 表示同一个（2）as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。
which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。
注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which 代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。
二、只用that不用which的情况1、先行词为 all, much, everything, nothing, something, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
高考英语语法复习定语从句知识讲解练习1.定语从句定义定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
1.限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用He is a man who likes travelling and reading.和主句关系密切，不用逗号隔开，去掉主句,句子不完整。
2. 非限制性定语从句：对先行词起修饰作用(先行词与定语从句之间用逗号隔开)The house, which I bought last year, has a beautiful garden.也可以对主句起修饰作用He was late again, which made his teacher angry.和主句关系不密切，用逗号分开，去掉主句，句子完整。
2.先行词先行词是被定语从句修饰的成分。
先行词可以是名词、代词或整个主句。
先行词是指人时，可用that, who, whom, whoseThis is the person ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.先行词是指物时，可用which, that, whoseI like to live in a room that / which has a window facing south.3.关系词关系词：关系代词和关系副词两种关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语先行词是指人时，可用关系代词：that, who, whom, whoseThis is the person ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.先行词是指物时，可用关系代词：which, that, whoseI like to live in a room that / which has a window facing south.I like to live in a room whose window faces south.=I like to live in a room of which the window faces south.=I like to live in a room the window of which faces south.关系副词：when, where, why 在从句中作状语先行词是表示时间的名词时，可用when, in which, on which等；I never forget the day when / on which I came to this school.先行词是表示地点的名词时，可用where, in which, at which等；The factory where / in which his father works is far from here.This is the factory where /in which he works.如果定语从句修饰point，situation，part，condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导We have reached a point where a change is needed.区分：there’s one point that we must insist on.先行词是表示原因的名词时，可用why, for which等。
定语从句一、概述在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，用作定语的从句叫做定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。
定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who、whom、whose、which、that和关系副词when、where、why等。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.最后，那个小偷向警察交出他偷的所有的东西。
（引导词是关系代词that）His parents would n't let him marry any one whose family was poor.他父母不让他和家庭困难的人结婚。
（引导词是关系代词whose）In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.在那个黑暗的街道上，没有她可以求助的人。
（引导词是关系代词whom）In 1519 an other traveller who went to America from Europe discovered the tomato. 1519年另一位从欧洲去美洲的旅行家发现了西红柿。
（引导词是关系代词who）I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得第一次去北京的那一天。
（引导词是关系副词when）This is the house where we lived last year. 这就是我们去年住的房子。
（引导词是关系副词where）二、关系代词和关系副词的功用能关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。
关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。
关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语；关系副词可作状语。
1、作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词一致。
All that is need ed is a supply of oil.所需要的是大量的油。
（引导词that在句中作主语）A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是会飞的机器。
（引导词that在句中作主语）The foreigner who vis it ed our class yesterday is from Canada.昨天到我班来访的外国人来自加拿大。
（引导词who在句中作主语）2、作宾语：在定语从句里作宾语的关系代词在口语中常被省去The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. 我煮的面条美味可口。
（引导词that，可省略）The person to whom you just talked is Mr.Li. 刚才你与其交谈的人是李先生。
（引导词whom，不可省略）3、作定语：关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。
Miss Brown is the teacher whose house caught fire last night.布朗小姐就是昨晚房子着火的那位老师。
This is the boy whose mother is our Chinese teacher. 这就是那个男孩，他母亲是我们的语文老师。
注意：关系代词whose在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语时，可以跟介词放在主语和从句之间。
The boss in whose company Mr. Kang worked called at the hospital. 老板到医院拜访了康先生，康先生在他的公司里工作。
4、作状语：关系副词where, when和why在定语从句中分别作地点状语、时间状语和原因状语。
I'll never forget the time when we worked on the farm. 我将永远不会忘记我们在农场工作的那段日子。
The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. 他父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的西部。
This is the reason why he came late. 这就是他来晚的理由。
三、关系代词的用法：英语中的关系代词有who，whom，whose，which，that和as。
它们的用法如下：1、who，whom的用法：who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。
在口语中可用who代替whom。
In the beginning, people who bought the tomato often got angry. 起初，买到西红柿的人常常会生气。
(作主语)The person (whom) you should write to is Mr. Ball. 你应该给他写信的人是波尔先生。
(whom作宾语能省略)His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in 1818. 他很爱你的母亲，她于1818年去世了。
（whom引导非限制性定语从句，作宾语但不能省略）2、whose的用法：whose 指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时常可用of which取代。
I have a friend whose father is a may or. 我有个朋友，他父亲是市长。
We lived in a house whose window faces south. 我们住在窗口朝南的房子里。
3、which 的用法：which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。
Today, fruit trees which once grew only in China can now be found in many parts of the world. 今天，那些曾经只在中国生长的果树能够在世界上许多地方看到了。
（作主语，不能省略）It is used to record the tickets (which) passengers buy.它用来记录乘客所购买的车票。
(作宾语，可以省略)He came late, which we all know. 我们都知道，他来晚了。
（作宾语，在非限制性定语从句中不省略）4、that 的用法：that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指物时其用法和which大致相同，但也有区别。
All the people that come from the country work much harder.所有来自农村的人工作都更努力。
（that指人，在从句中作主语，不能省略）This is all (that) I can tell you. 这是我能告诉你的全部情况。
（that指物，在从句中作宾语，常省略）This is the best play that was written by Jack. 这是杰克写的最好的一个剧本。
（that指物，在从句中作主语，不能省略）She is the only person(that) I can trust. 她是我唯一可以依赖的人。
（that指人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略）5、关系代词that和which的区别（1)相同点：这两个关系代词引导定语从句时，都可以指物；在从句中都可作主语或宾语；作宾语时都可省略。
The train that / which has just left is for Shanghai.刚开的那列火车是去上海的。
(作主语)The film that /which we saw last night is wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的电影好极了。
(作宾语，可省略)（2）用that，不用which的情况①当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时。
all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little,few等不定代词时。
To get the job started, all that I need is your permission.要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可。
Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么要我做的事吗?He answered few questions that the teacher asked.他几乎没有回答老师的那些问题。
②当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。
The first thing that should be done is to get some food.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
③当先行词有the very，the only，the same等修饰时。
That’s the only thing that we can do now.目前我们只能这样了。
Those are the very words that he used.那就是他的原话。
④当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。
They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.他们在谈论在工厂里看到的人和事。
⑤当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
China is not the country that it was.中国已经不是过去的中国了。
⑥当要避免与疑问词which重复时。
Which is the car that was made in Beijing?哪辆车是北京制造的?⑦当先行词为the way, the time, the period等时，关系代词常用that，但通常被省略。
I don't like the way(that)you speak to her.我不喜欢你对她说话的方式。
（3）用which，不用that的情况①引导非限制性定语从句。
Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。
