语言学试题(2)

语言学概论试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学是研究什么的科学？A. 语言的物理特性B. 语言的社会功能C. 语言的结构和功能D. 语言的起源和发展2. 语音学研究的主要内容是什么？A. 语言的语法结构B. 语言的词汇构成C. 语言的发音机制D. 语言的书写形式3. 下列哪个不是语言学的分支？A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 词汇学D. 化学4. 语言的最小意义单位是什么？A. 音素M. 词汇C. 语素D. 句子5. 语义学研究的是语言的哪一方面？A. 语言的发音B. 语言的意义C. 语言的书写D. 语言的语法6. 语言的词汇量是如何增长的？A. 通过新词的创造B. 通过旧词的淘汰C. 通过语言的混合D. 通过语言的简化7. 什么是语言的方言？A. 一种语言的书面形式B. 一种语言的口头形式C. 一种语言的地区变体D. 一种语言的官方标准8. 语言的同化现象是指什么？A. 语言的统一B. 语言的分化C. 语言的借用D. 语言的变异9. 语言的转换是指什么？A. 语言的翻译B. 语言的转写C. 语言的转述D. 语言的转换10. 什么是语言的语境？A. 语言的使用环境B. 语言的书写环境C. 语言的发音环境D. 语言的语法环境二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）11. 语言学的两大分支是________和________。

12. 语言的音位系统是由________构成的。

13. 语言的语法规则包括词法规则和________。

14. 语言的词汇化是指________转化为词汇的过程。

15. 语言的语用学研究的是语言在________中的使用。

三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）16. 简述语言的交际功能。

17. 简述语言的规范性与变异性。

四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）18. 论述语言与文化的关系。

19. 论述语言的演变过程及其影响因素。

五、案例分析题（每题20分，共20分）20. 请分析一种方言的形成过程，并讨论其对标准语的影响。

有答案的第一部分选择题41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples inEnglish for illustration.42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition ofa second language.英语语言学试题（2）五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分)36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences.(1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible.(2)He saw young men and women present.(3)They were surprised at the president's appointment.37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples.re-un-anti-super--wise-itis-ize-age英语语言学试题（3）Ⅴ.Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)41.Explain with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related.英语语言学试题（5）五、论述题(第41、42小题各7分，第43小题6分，共20分)41. Under what conditions will two sounds be assigned to the same phoneme?42. For the following sentence, draw a tree diagram to reveal its underlying structure.The girl ate the orange.43. Study the passage taken from Shakespeare’s HAMLET below carefully and identify every difference in expression between Elizabethan and Modern English that is evident.King: Where is Polonius?Hamlet: In heaven, Send thither to see.If your messenger find him not there,seek him i’ the other place yourself.But indeed, if you find him not withinthis month, you shall nose him as yougo up the stairs into the lobby.Act IV, Scene iii英语语言学试题（6）41. The phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds are called suprasegmental features. Discuss the main suprasegmental features, illustrating withexamples how they function in the distinction of meaning.42. Explain and give examples to show in what way componential analysis is similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features.英语语言学试题（7）五、论述题（每小题10分，共20分）1. Comment on the following conversation in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle:A: Where’ve you been?B: Out.2. Analyse the following words and show how many morphemes each of them contains:specialize , indisputable, individualistic, downfall, unexceptionableness, ungentlemanliness(每个语素0. 5分)英语语言学试题（8）语言学试题)41.Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements? Support your statement with examples.42.Describe the process of language perception, comprehension and production英语语言学试题（9）语言学试题及参考答案41. Explain sociological triggers for language change by giving a typical example in the history of English.42. Explain briefly the four main individual learner factors that affect a learner's acquisition of a second language.语言学试题参考答案一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、C2、C3、D4、D5、D6、B7、B8、C9、A 10、D二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）11、knowledge12、bilabial13、morphology14、sentence15、complete16、representatives17、coinage18、delete19、critical20、interlanguage三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）21、FActually modern linguistics lays more emphasis on the spoken form of language than the written form for a number of reasons.22、FVoicing distinguishes meaning in English but not in Chinese.23、FThe meaning of some compound words has nothing to do with the sum total of the meanings of their components, such as the compound "redcoat".24、FApart from S and C, they also refer to a word, or aphrase that performs a particular grammatical function.25、FDialectal synonyms can often be found not only in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but also within the variety itself. For example, within British English, "girl" is called "lassie" in Scottish dialect, and "liquor" is called "whishey" in Irish dialect.26、T27、T28、FThey have a fairly clear fairly clear functional differentiation, i.e. one language may be used in some domains, other language in other domains.29、FThe true statement is "According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, language determinesspeakers' perceptions and patterns their way of life"30、T四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）31、One of the major defining features of human language. Human language consists of two levels. At the lower level, there are a limited number of sounds which are meaningless while at the higher level there are an unlimited number of combinations of these sounds. It is also known as double articulation.32、Linguistics that studies language over a period of time, also known as historical linguistics, e.g.the study of the Chinese language since the end of the Qing dynasty up to the present.33、A way to transcribe speech sounds. The basic principle is to use one letter to indicate one sound. It is generally used in dictionaries and language teachingtextbooks.34、The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word, e.g.-ly can be added to a noun to form an adjective.35、a rewrite rule that allows for the possible combinations of words to form phrases and sentences36、Relational opposites, a kind of antonyms, refer to pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items. For example, "husband" and "wife", "father" and "son" etc.37、Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. The approach is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. For example, the word "man" is analyzed as comprising of +HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALE.38、Context is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker and the hearer, For example, the knowledge of the language used and the knowledge of the world, including the general knowledge about the world and the specific knowledge about the situation in which linguistic communication is taking place.39、A euphemism is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression that replaces a taboo word or serves to avoid more direct wording that might be harsh, unpleasantly direct, or offensive, e.g. "pass away" for "die".40、Brain lateralization refers to the localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain. For example, the right hemisphere processes stimuli more holistically and the left hemisphere more analytically. In most people, the left hemisphere has primary responsibility for language, while the right hemisphere controls visual and spatial skills.五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）41、The inventory of sounds can change, and sound changes include changes in vowel sounds, sound loss, sound addition, and sound movement.1) Vowel sound change: English has undergone the systematic and regular change in the vowel sounds, known as the Great Vowel shift which occurred at the end of the Middle English period and which involved seven long, or tense vowels. These changes led to one of the major discrepancies between the phonemic representations of words and morphemes, i.e. between pronunciation and the spelling system of Modern English, e.g.five→/fi:v/(Middle English)→/faiv/(Modern English)2) Sound loss: Sounds can change by the loss of phonemes. In the history of English the velar fricative /x/ was lost. This sound existed in Old English, so "night" was pronounced as /nixt/, but in Modern English, its pronunciation is /nait/.3) Sound addition: Sound addition includes the gain orinsertion of a sound. For example, the word leisure was borrowed from French, so the phoneme /3/ was added to the inventory of English sounds. A change that involves the insertion of a consonant or vowel sound to the middle of a word is known as epenthesis,e.g.spinle--spindle.4) Sound movement: Sound change as a result of sound movement known as metathesis involves a reversal in position of two adjoining sound segments. Metathesis is less common, but it does exist. In some dialects of English, for example, the word ask is pronounced /? ks/. Also, bridd ("bird") is an Old English word. When metathesis occurred to this word, the movement of /r/ sound to the right of the vowel sound resulted in its Modern English counterpart "bird".评分标准：满分为10分，总论及四小点各占2分。

语言学概论试题2《语言学概论》试题得分一、填空题阅卷人 1.语言的本质特征：语言是，语言的功能特征：语言是，语言的结构特征：语言是。

2.人类之所以具有语言而动物没有，是因为人类具有抽象思维能力和。

3.被誉为现代语言学之父。

1916年，他的代表作出版，标志着结构主义语言学的诞生。

4.语言学从具体研究对象上可两大类别和；从时段上可以分为和。

5.一个符号，如果没有，就失去了存在的必要，如果没有，人们就无法感知，符号也就失去了存在的物质基础。

6.音素可分为和两大类，其最主要的区别在于发音时呼出的气流是否。

7．根据语素在词中的不同作用可以把它分成三类、和、。

8.在语言的融合过程中，有和两种情况。

得分阅卷人二、单项选择题1.产生与18世纪末叶19世纪初叶的语言学被称为( )。

A.结构主义语言学B.历史比较语言学C.社会语言学D.功能语言学2.关于语言符号的任意性，下列说法不正确的一项是。

A.复合符号原则上不是任意的，是有理据的。

B.正是于语言符号的任意性，语言是可变的。

C.最基本的单纯初始符号都是任意的。

D.任意性是指一个符号先个别人确定，继而向周围扩散推广。

3.音素[p‘]、[t‘]]、[k‘]]的不同是决定的. A．发音部位 B．发音方法 C．送气与否 D．清浊与否 4.[ε]的发音特征是( )。

A.舌面前高不圆唇B.舌面后高不圆唇C.舌面前半高不圆唇D.舌面前半低不圆唇5.把现代汉语第三人称代词写成“他”、“她” ( )。

A.表示性范畴B.表示格范畴C.表示人称范畴D.什么语法范畴都不表示 6．词义的核心部分是指。

A.词的附加意义B.词的色彩意义C.词的理性意义D.词的语法意义7.一般说来，新词、古词、方言词、行业词和外来词等。

A.属于一般词汇B.属于基本词C.有的属于基本词汇，有的属于一般词汇D.有时属于基本词汇，有时属于一般词汇8.从造字方法看，兼用表意表音两种方法的文字叫。

A.表意字 B.指事字 C.假借字 D.意音文字 9.汉藏语系诸语言表示语法关系多用，这是它们在结构类型上的共同特点之一。

语言学理论试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的主要研究对象是什么？A. 语言的起源B. 语言的结构C. 语言的使用D. 语言的演变答案：B2. 下列哪项不是索绪尔提出的语言学基本概念？A. 语言符号B. 语言系统C. 语言功能D. 语言的任意性答案：C3. 乔姆斯基的生成语法理论主张语言能力是：A. 后天习得的B. 先天存在的C. 社会约定的D. 个人创造的答案：B4. 语言的“深层结构”和“表层结构”的概念是由谁提出的？A. 索绪尔B. 乔姆斯基C. 布隆菲尔德D. 哈里斯答案：B5. 语言的“同义异构”现象是指：A. 同一意义的不同表达方式B. 不同意义的相同表达方式C. 同一表达方式的不同意义D. 不同表达方式的相同意义答案：A6. 语言的“语境”指的是：A. 语言的内部结构B. 语言的外部环境C. 语言的使用者D. 语言的规则答案：B7. 语言的“语域”通常指的是：A. 语言的地域分布B. 语言的交际场合C. 语言的历史发展D. 语言的语法规则答案：B8. 语言的“语用学”研究的是：A. 语言的发音B. 语言的意义C. 语言的用法D. 语言的演变答案：C9. 语言的“语料库”是指：A. 语言的数据库B. 语言的规则集C. 语言的样本集D. 语言的词汇表答案：C10. 语言的“方言”是指：A. 同一语言的不同变体B. 不同语言的相似形式C. 同一语言的相同形式D. 不同语言的相同变体答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的四大分支包括语音学、语法学、语义学和______。

答案：语用学2. 语言的“能指”指的是语言符号的______部分，而“所指”指的是语言符号的______部分。

答案：形式；意义3. 语言的“同音词”是指发音相同但______不同的词。

答案：意义4. 语言的“词缀”是指可以附加在词根上的______或______。

答案：前缀；后缀5. 语言的“句法”研究的是词、短语和句子的______。

Model 3I. Define the following terms, giving examples for illustration if it is necessary.1.Phonology: __________________________2. Co-occurrence: ______________________3. Lingua franca: _______________________4. Language acquisition: _________________5. category: ________________________6. Domain: ____________________________7. Interlanguage: _______________________8. Acculturation: _______________________9. endocentric: ____________________________10.Narrow transcription:__________________II. Indicate the following statements true or false.1) . Print serves as a map of linguistic structure, readers use the clues to morphological structure that are embedded in orthography in reading the printed words.2) . Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies the sentence patterns of a language.3). The long vowels are all lax vowels, and the short vowels are all tense vowels.4). Language is relatively stable and systematic while parole is subject to personal and situationalconstraints.5). It takes a baby about one year and half listening to its mother tongue before actually producing meaningful words.6). Modern linguists regard the spoken language as primary, not the written.7). An excessive use of euphemism may have negative effect.8). Language determines the ways we perceive the objective world.9). Chomsky classifies conceptual metaphors into three categories: ontological metaphors, structural metaphors and orientational metaphors.10). What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered.III. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given.1）In addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left hemisphere are vital to language: B _____ area, W_____ and angular g_____.2）Language varieties other than the standard are called v______.3）Social d_____ are varieties of language used by people belonging to particular classes.4）Like sound and morphological changes, syntactic change in English involves l_____, g _____ and modification.5）The history of English lexical expansion is one that is characterized with heavy b ____ and word f _____.6. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human c______.7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of s_____ over writing.8. The idea of Paul Grice is that in making conversation, the participants must first of all be willing to c______; otherwise it would be impossible for them to go on with the talk. The general principle is called the C_____P____.9. The maxim of relation requires that what the conversation participants say must be r_____.10. The relationship between an embedded clause and its matrix clause is one of a p____ to a whole.IV. Mark the choice that would best complete the statement.1. Predication analysis refers to the kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents: ______ and predicate.A. verbB. subjectC. objectD. arguments2. Language has at least seven basic functions: phatic, directive, informative, interrogative, expressive, evocative, and______.A. emotionalB.communicative C. performative D. interactive3. Black English is characterized by the followingExcept_______.A. omit auxiliary verbB. drop the final phoneme.C. the double negation constructionD. absence of the copula4. Langue refers to the abstract 1inguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community and _______ refers to actualized language, or realization of langue.A. speechB. paroleC. wordD. lexeme5. Lin guistic potential is similar to Saussure’s “langue” and Chomsky’s “_____”.A. performanceB. abilityC. competenceD. structure6. The vocal ______ are similar to strings such as one on a violin or a piano.A. stringsB. bandsC. cordsD. sounds7. Through the ______ of La-La sound, Engla-land came to be pronounced England.A. elaborationB. simplificationC. assimilationD. internal borrowing8. The word “ zoo” was formed in the way of ______.A. shorteningB. clippingC.abbreviation D. blending9. By ______, we refer to word forms which differ from each other only by one sound, e. g., "pin" and "bin".A. complementary distributionB. minimal pairC. free variationD. adjacency pairl0. Jacob Grimm’s great contribution to historical linguistics is his discovery of___.A. the Great Vowel ShiftB.the Indo-European languagesC. the sound shiftD. the Universal grammarl1. Morphologically the______ is the smallest unit that cannot be further divided.A. phonemeB. morphemeC.lexeme D. sememe12. Which of the following sounds is a voiced affricate?A. [ j ]B. [ t ]C. [ z ]D. [ ? ]l3. _____ is the study of the rules governing the ways words, word groups and phrases are combined to form sentences in language.A. StructureB. SyntaxC. GrammarD. Linguistics14. ______ construction is just the opposite of endocentric construction.A. ExtralinguisticB.Exocentric B. Internal D. Externall5. Traditional grammarians began with ____ definition of the sentence and its components.A. prescriptiveB. descriptiveC.notional D. structurall6. The semantic components of the word _____ are + Human, +Adult, +male, - Married.A. husbandB. manC. bachelorD. widow17. Dutch, English, Flemish, German, etc. are usually considered as West Germanic _______ Languages.A. ToneB. Indo-EuropeanC.Syllabic D. Agglutinative18. The view that language can be regarded as the dress of thought can be dated back to the time of ______.A. PlatoB. ShakespeareC. ChauD. Saussure19. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis has two major thrusts: linguistic determinism and linguistic _______.A. domainB. relativityC. performanceD. competence20. In sociolinguistics, ______ refers to a group of institutionalized social situations typically constrained by a common set of behavioral rules.A. domainB. situationC. societyD. communityV. Answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible, giving examples if necessary.1. Decide the meaning of the following affixes and roots and give each affix two examples.re- un- anti- super- mis- audi- ge ne- semi- ~path ~wise ~ize ~age2. How can consonants be classified?3. Why do we say language is arbitrary?4. For each of the underlined constructions or word groups do the following：1). State whether it is headed or non-headed2). If headed, state its headword3). Name the type of constructionsEx. His son will be keenly competing.Answer: headed, headword 一competing; verbal group.( a ) Ducks quack.( b ) The ladder in the shed is long enough.( c ) I saw a bridge damaged beyond repair.( d ) Singing hymns is forbidden in some countries.5. Explain the main characteristics of subjects in English.KeysI 1. The study of sound system---the inventory of distinctive sounds that occur in a language and the patterns into which they fall.2. It means that words of different sets of clauses may permit, or require, the occurrence of a word of another set or class to form a sentence or a particular part of a sentence. For instance , what can precede a noun ( dog ) is usually the determiners and adjectives , and what can follow it when it takes the position of subject will be predicators such as bark , bite , run , etc . In short, co-occurrence is the syntactic environment in which a construction, with its relevant elements, can appear grammatically and conventionally. Thus relations of co-occurrence partly belong to syntagmatic relations, partly to paradigmatic relations.3. Lingua franca is a variety of language that serves as a common speech for social contact among groups of people who speak different native languages or dialects.4. It is a general term used to refer to the development of a person’s first, second, or foreign language. That is, h ow he understands and to speak the language of his community.5. The term category in some approaches refers to classes and functions in its narrow sense ,e.g., noun , verb , subject , predicate , noun phrase , verb phrase , etc . More specifically, It refers to the defining properties of these general units: the categories of the noun, for example, include number, gender, case and countability; and of the verb, for example, tense, aspect , voice , and so on.6. Domain refers to a phenomenon that most bilingual communications have one thing in common, that is, a fairly clear functional differentiation of the two languages in respect of speech situations, for instance the Home Domain, Employment Domain etc.7. It refers to a separate linguistic system based on the observable out-put which results from a learner’s attempted production of a target language form. It is formed when he attempts to learn a new language, and it has features of both the first and the second language but is neither.8. Acculturation refers to the process of adapting to the culture and value system of the second language Community.9. Endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable Centre or Head. In the phrase two pretty girls, girls, is the Centre or Head of this phrase or word group.10. Narrow transcription —— diacritics are added to the one – letter symbols to show the finer differences between sounds. Forexample, the sound [ l ] in the above mentioned words differ slightly. The [ l ] in leaf [ l:f ], occurring before a vowel is called a clear [ l ] and the [ l ] in feel [fi:l] , occurring at the end of a word or before another consonant is called a dark [ l ] and in narrow transcription the diacritic [ ~ ] is used to indicate it is a dark [ ? ]. Then in the sound combination [helθ] the sound is called a dental [l ] because it is followed by dental [θ ]II. 1.T 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F 6.T 7.T 8.F 9.F 10.TIII. 1. Broca’s; Wernicke’s; gyrus 2. vernacular; 3. dialect; 4. loss, gain; 5. borrowing, formation;6. communication;7.speech;8. communicate, Cooperative Principle;9.relative; 10. part;IV. 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.D 13.B 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.AV. 1. again; not or the opposite action; greater or more than usual; badly or wrong(ly); listening; life; heat; half; emotion; inthemanner of; disease of inflection of; to make of the statedtype or put into the stated condition; the process of an action;2.Consonants ca be classified in two ways:1) according to the manner of articulation;2) according to the place of articulation;3. Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between the sounds that people use and the objects to which these sounds refer. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is a good illustration the arbitrary nature of language. It is only our tacit agreement of utterance.4. ( a. ) ( nonheaded, independent clause )( b ) ( non-head , prepositional phrase )( c ) ( headed; headword 一damaged ; adjectival group ) ( d ) ( headed; headword 一singing ; gerundial phrase )5. The grammatical category “subject” in different language possesses different characteristics. In English, "subject" may have the following characteristics:A. Word order: Subject ordinarily precedes the verb in a statement such as "Sally collects stamps."B. Pronoun forms: The first and third person pronouns In English appear in a special form when the pronoun is a subject. This form is not used when the pronoun occurs in other positions:He loves me I love him. We threw stones at them. They threw stones at us.C. Agreement with verb: In the simple present tense, an -s is added to the verb when a third person subject is singular. However , the number and person of the object or any other element in the sentence have no effect at all on the form of theverb :She angers him．They anger him. She angers them.D. Content questions: if the subject, is replaced by a question word (who or what),the rest of the sentence remains unchanged, as in ( b ) But when any other element of the sentence is replaced by a question word , an auxiliary verb must appear before the subject . If the basic sentence does not contain an auxiliary verb, we must Insert did or do (es) immediately after the question word, as in (d, e).。

语言学纲要期末复习资料（题库）语言学概论试题(1)一、填空１５%1、语言中最单纯、最常用、最原始和最能产的词是根词。

2、语言是人类最重要的交际工具，文字是最重要的辅助交际工具。

3、我国古代学者为读懂古书而建立的训诂学、文字学、音韵学组成了我国的语文学，通称为“小学”。

4、英语属于印欧语系的日耳曼语族的西部语支。

5、语音可以从生理角度分析它的产生方式，从物理角度分析它的表现形式（传递过程），从社会功能角度分析它的功能作用。

6、是否能够独立（自由）运用，是区分词和语素的根本特点。

8、具有不同功能的三种最基本的语法单位是语素、词、句子。

9、语言发展的主要特点是渐变性和不平衡性。

10、我国宪法（１９８２年）第１９条明确规定“国家推广全国通用的普通话”。

二、选择题１０%1、中国的传统语文学研究的薄弱环节是（D）Ａ、文字学Ｂ、语音学Ｃ、词汇学Ｄ、语法学2、汉语属于（B）Ａ、屈折语Ｂ、词根语Ｃ、多式综合语Ｄ、粘着语3、一种语言中数量最少的是（B）Ａ、音素Ｂ、音位Ｃ、语素Ｄ、音节4、文字的前身是（C）Ａ、结绳记事Ｂ、手势Ｃ、图画记事Ｄ、实物记事5、派生词中包含（B）Ａ、词尾Ｂ、词根Ｃ、虚词Ｄ、根词6、语音和语义结合的最小的语言单位是（C）Ａ、音素Ｂ、义素Ｃ、语素Ｄ、音位7、汉语单词“忽然”出现的位置是（C）Ａ、主语位置Ｂ、谓语位置Ｃ、状语位置Ｄ、定语位置8、以下各种语言变体中，属于社会方言的是（D）Ａ、土话Ｂ、客家话Ｃ、客套话Ｄ、黑话9、下列语素中属于自由语素的是（C）Ａ、初Ｂ、视Ｃ、人Ｄ、民10、在语言结构的某一环节上能够互相替换，具有某种相同作用的各个单位之间所形成的关系叫（D）Ａ、转换关系Ｂ、组合关系Ｃ、层级关系Ｄ、聚合关系三、名词解释２０%1、专语语言学:以具体语言作为研究对象的语言学。

2、组合关系:指两个以上相连续的语言符号组合而成的线性关系。

3、语流音变:语流中的某些音由于相互影响而发生临时性的变化，这种变化就叫语流音变。

语言学概论试题及答案(精选4份)语言学概论试题及答案(精选4份)语言学概论试题及答案（一）：1.下列关于威尔尼克失语症的表述，不正确的一项是。

A.发音仍然比较准确B.构成不完整的句子C.仍然能听懂别人的话D.词语之间没有联系答案：C解析：威尔尼克取受损的患者能够说出一些词语，发音也很准确，可是词语之间在意义上没有联系，构成不了完整的句子，并且患者也听不懂别人说的话。

考点：语言与科学技术生命科学和人的语言本事人脑语言本事的研究成果2.人的大脑语言功能的临界期此刻一般认为大约是。

A.5-6岁B.7-8岁C.9-10岁D.12-13岁答案：D解析：人的大脑语言功能的临界期此刻一般认为最迟大约是12-13岁。

考点：语言与科学技术生命科学和人的语言本事大脑的语言功能受临界期限制3.老刘有三个孩子的蕴含义可能有。

A.老刘没有孩子B.老刘仅有三个孩子C.老刘有不止三个孩子D.老刘有孩子E.老刘没有三个孩子答案:BCD解析:蕴含义指说出的话中包含着其中某个词语的上位义或整体义，分为两种衍推义和隐含义。

D为衍推义，BC为隐含义。

考点:语用会话准则和会话含义蕴含义和预设义4.下头各对词语中，能表此刻同一语法位置上的有。

A.小孩-苹果B.大-小C.红-红色D.写-在E.好-衣服答案:ABD解析:能表此刻同一个语法位置上词，他们是属于聚合关系，聚合关系得到的是词类。

A是名词，B是形容词，D是动词。

考点:语法组合规则和聚合规则词的聚合：词类5.下头各项中属于词的有。

A.吃败仗B.转基因C.幼儿园D.小女儿E.玩游戏答案:BCD解析:词是最小的、有意义的、能够独立使用的语言单位。

A属于语，长度相当于语法上的词组或句子，但意义和用法相对凝固的语言片段。

E属于短语。

考点:语汇语汇概说什么是语汇6.医生安慰重病人说：没什么大问题，好好回家休养明显违反了。

A.赞誉准则B.慷慨准则C.相关准则D.一致准则E.质量准则答案:CE解析:为了避免患者受到损害，遵守礼貌原则，医生被迫违反了合作原则中相关原则和质量准则。

语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学是研究什么的学科？A. 语言的历史发展B. 语言的内在结构和功能C. 语言与文化的关系D. 语言的学习和教学2. 下列哪个不是语音学的研究对象？A. 音素B. 音节C. 语法D. 音位3. 语义学主要研究的是：A. 语言的发音规则B. 语言的语法结构C. 语言的意义D. 语言的书写形式4. 转换生成语法是由哪位语言学家提出的？A. 索绪尔B. 乔姆斯基C. 布隆菲尔德D. 萨皮尔5. 下列哪个词属于派生词？A. 快乐B. 快速C. 快乐地D. 快车6. 句法学研究的是：A. 句子的构成B. 词义的组合C. 语言的发音D. 语言的书写7. 社会语言学关注的是：A. 语言的变异与变化B. 语言与社会的关系C. 语言的起源和发展D. 语言的标准化8. 语言的功能主义理论是由下列哪位语言学家提出的？A. 索绪尔B. 乔姆斯基C. 韩礼德D. 布隆菲尔德9. 语言的同源词是指：A. 同一种语言中的不同词B. 不同语言中意义相同的词C. 来自同一词根的词D. 不同语言中发音相同的词10. 下列哪项不是语用学的研究内容？A. 语境B. 言语行为C. 语言的逻辑结构D. 语言的交际功能答案：1-5 B C C B D 6-10 A C B C C二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）1. 语言学的四个主要分支是语音学、语法学、语义学和________。

2. 索绪尔是________语言学的创始人。

3. 语言的任意性原则是指语言符号的_______和_______之间没有必然的联系。

4. 词类转换是指通过改变词的形式来改变其_______。

5. 语言的同化现象是指不同语言在交流中逐渐_______的现象。

6. 语言的方言是指同一语言内部由于_______、_______等因素而形成的不同变体。

7. 语言的借词是指一种语言从另一种语言中借用的_______或_______。

语言学考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪项不是语言学的主要分支？A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 词汇学D. 数学2. 索绪尔将语言符号分为哪两个部分？A. 语音和语义B. 语形和语义C. 语形和语用D. 能指和所指3. 在语言学中，“深层结构”和“表层结构”是由哪位学者提出的？A. 乔姆斯基B. 索绪尔C. 布隆菲尔德D. 萨丕尔4. 下列哪个术语是描述语言随时间变化的现象？A. 语言变异B. 语言演化C. 语言转换D. 语言借用5. 社会语言学研究的是语言与哪种因素之间的关系？A. 社会结构B. 文化传统C. 个人心理D. 经济发展6. 哪种语言现象是指在特定情境下，说话者选择不同语言或语言变体的能力？A. 语码转换B. 语码混用C. 语用学D. 语言礼貌7. 下列哪项不是语用学的研究内容？A. 言语行为B. 隐喻理解C. 语言礼貌D. 语言的生物学基础8. 什么是“双重否定”？A. 使用两个否定词来表达否定意义B. 使用两个否定词来表达肯定意义C. 使用一个否定词来表达否定意义D. 使用一个否定词来表达肯定意义9. 在语言学中，“同音词”是指什么？A. 意义相同但拼写不同的词B. 拼写相同但意义不同的词C. 发音相同但意义不同的词D. 发音和意义都相同的词10. 下列哪项是“语言接触”的一个例子？A. 语言的地理分布B. 语言的独立发展C. 语言的借用和融合D. 语言的孤立使用二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 语言学中的“_______”是指研究语言的结构特征，不涉及语言的社会功能。

答案：形式语言学12. 转换生成语法是由_______提出的，它强调语言的生成能力。

答案：诺姆·乔姆斯基13. “Hello”一词在不同的语境中可以有不同的功能，这属于_______的研究范畴。

答案：语用学14. 社会语言学中的“_______”是指语言随社会因素（如年龄、性别、社会阶层等）而变化的现象。