限制性定语从句(知识梳理)
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知识讲解限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句又称限制性修饰语,是一种用于表示实际或抽象概念的特定特点或性
质的句子。
它是一种非常有用的语法结构,常常用来减少句子长度,同时使文章更加丰富
和有趣。
在英语表达中,限制性定语从句往往可以帮助作家更好地表达其观点,甚至给出
更有深度的见解。
限制性定语从句,也称为“定语从句”,其中,定语从句指的是介词、连接副词或从
句的独立句子,用来修饰、描述或注释另一句中的主体或宾语,从而限制了某一特定的对象,因而又称为“限制性定语从句”。
要理解限制性定语从句,需了解它们的结构。
通常,限制性定语从句从关键词(有时是句子的开头依次排列)开始,然后由名词、代词或其他
的句子成份组成。
它们的内容又有所不同,在内容上可以分为关系词定语从句、定语从句
本身、被限定的名词及其它元素。
因此,在使用限制性定语从句时,必须明确其所指的内容,否则句子会变得模糊不清,很容易被理解错误。
比如,如果不注明关系词,那么句子就会变得模糊不清,从而错误地
导致语法或语法上的错误。
另外,要尽可能使用标准的语法来表达限制性定语从句,以防止句子成为简单或复杂
句子,以及有效地表达概念和思想。
例如,在表达概念和思想时,可以使用限制性定语
从句,并且将它呈现出合理的语法结构,从而使句子更具表现力,并使文章更有深度。
最后,要注意在使用限制性定语从句时把握好限制性定语从句的时间关系,以防止使
用不当的时间背景,而出现不合逻辑的表达。
因此,在使用限制性定语从句时,要尽可能
地理解句子的时间表示,确保句子的准确性和正确性。
限制性定语从句复习概念引入定语从句是我们从初中学到高一,又从高一学到高二,可能是出现最频繁的语法项目,在这个单元里,我们复习一下定语从句的用法,重点复习运用限制性定语从句时的注意要点。
先看下面句子:1. I know you’re dying to hear all about my life here, so I’ve included somephotos which will help you picture the places I talked about.2. The boys who had never come across anything like this before startedjumping out of the windows.3. We walked for two and a half hours to get there —first up a mountain to aridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.4. The only possessions I could see were one broom, a few tin plates and cupsand a couple of jars.这些句子中斜体词部分就是定语从句,其中句1中包括两个定语从句:①which引导的修饰photos;②the places后的I talked about是省略了引导词的定语从句,修饰the places。
句2中who引导的定语从句修饰boys;句3中是where引导的定语从句修饰a ridge;句4中I could see是省略了引导词that的定语从句修饰possessions。
下面我们就来对限制性定语从句的用法进行梳理和总结。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区别知识点总结定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念,用于修饰名词或代词,并提供更多的信息。
在定语从句中,最常见的类型是限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
本文将详细讨论这两种定语从句的区别及其在句子中的用法。
一、限制性定语从句1. 定义:限制性定语从句指的是对名词或代词进行修饰、限定,如果去掉这个定语从句,句子的意思就会发生改变。
它提供的信息对于理解主句来说是必需的。
2. 格式:限制性定语从句通常使用关系代词或关系副词引导,常见的关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose;关系副词有:when, where, why。
3. 示例:a) I have a friend who is studying abroad.(我有一个正在国外学习的朋友。
)b) The book that you lent me is very interesting.(你借给我的那本书非常有趣。
)c) She lives in the city where there are many tall buildings.(她住在有很多高楼的城市。
)4. 特点:限制性定语从句的特点如下:a) 不用逗号与主句分开。
b) 定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词在从句中不能被省略。
c) 定语从句修饰的是前面的名词,它是该名词的一个必需部分。
二、非限制性定语从句1. 定义:非限制性定语从句指的是对名词或代词进行修饰、补充说明,与主句的内容是附加关系,如果去掉这个定语从句,句子的意思仍然完整。
2. 格式:非限制性定语从句通常使用逗号隔开,引导词同样使用关系代词或关系副词。
3. 示例:a) John, who is my best friend, is coming to visit me tomorrow.(约翰,我的最好朋友,明天要来看我。
)b) The Great Wall, which is a world-famous tourist attraction, attracts millions of visitors every year.(长城,一座举世闻名的旅游胜地,每年吸引着数百万的游客。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区别知识点总结定语从句是英语语法中重要的一部分,通过引导一个修饰性从句来进一步描述或限定一个名词。
在定语从句中,常见的有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种形式。
本文将总结并对比这两者的区别。
一、定义限制性定语从句(Restrictive Relative Clauses),也称为限定性定语从句,是对被修饰名词进行限定、界定的从句。
它给出一个特定范围,从中选出被修饰的名词,删除该从句将导致句意不完整或不明确。
非限制性定语从句(Non-restrictive Relative Clauses),也称为非限定性定语从句,是对被修饰名词提供额外的附加信息,但不对名词进行限定。
即使删除该从句,句意仍然连贯完整。
二、标点使用1. 限制性定语从句通常不使用逗号进行标点分隔。
如:The bookthat I borrowed last week is very interesting.(我上周借的那本书非常有趣。
)2. 非限制性定语从句使用逗号或者破折号进行标点分隔。
如:My sister, who lives in London, is a doctor.(我妹妹住在伦敦,是一名医生。
)三、修饰范围1. 限制性定语从句修饰的范围是限定、特定的。
它给出特定条件,仅对名词进行限定。
如:The book that I borrowed last week is very interesting.(我上周借的那本书非常有趣。
)2. 非限制性定语从句提供额外的信息,对整个句子进行补充说明。
如:My sister, who lives in London, is a doctor.(我妹妹住在伦敦,是一名医生。
)四、形式1. 限制性定语从句不需要逗号,从句中的关系代词(that, who, whom, whose, which等)在从句中充当主语或宾语。
如:The book that I borrowed last week is very interesting.(我上周借的那本书非常有趣。
【高中英语】高中英语知识点:限制性定语从句限制性定语从句的概念:限制性定语是指对被修饰名词或代词的必需修饰,是被修饰名词或代词不可缺少的修饰语,如果去掉它句子意思往往会不明确或会发生变化。
如:The travellers knowing about the floods took another road. 知道发大水的那些游客改道走了。
The boys wanting to play football were disappointed when it rained. 想踢足球的那些男孩子因为下雨而感到失望。
关系代词引导的定语从句:关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:例:Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2)Whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同ofwhich互换)例:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose(of which) coverisgreen. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
例如:A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
什么是限制性定语从句什么是限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切,对其有限制性作用,因此不可缺少。
否则会影响全句的意义,一般不用逗号与主句分开。
下面店铺为大家分享限制性定语从句,欢迎大家参考借鉴。
限制性定语从句1.语法解释:(A)一个句子做定语就叫定语从句。
(B)限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切,对其有限制性作用,因此不可缺少。
否则会影响全句的意义,一般不用逗号与主句分开。
2.用法口诀:名词、代词做先行词,与定语从句不分离。
关联词是副二代,主、宾、定、状记得快。
3.关系代词:who做主语(修饰人);whom做宾语(修饰人);that做主语或宾语(修饰人或物);which做主语或宾语(修饰物);whose做定语(修饰人或物)4.关系副词:when做状语(修饰时间);where做状语(修饰地点);why做状语(修饰原因);另外还有since,before,after也可以作表示时间的关系副词。
Taidy is a boy who awlays gives a hand to others when they are in trouble.泰迪是个在别人遇到难处时总能给予援助的孩子。
(boy是先行词,who叫关系代词,在定语从句中做主语,修饰人。
)Toony is the one whom Taidy helps most.托尼是泰迪帮助最多的人。
(one是先行词,whom是关系代词,在定语从句中做help的宾语,修饰人。
)Toomy is a good student whose thinking is creative.托咪是个想法很有创造性的好学生。
(student是先行词,whose是关系代词,在定语从句中做定语,修饰人。
)They live in a room whose windows face to the south.他们住在一间窗户朝南的房子里。
(room是先行词,whose是关系代词,做定语,修饰物。
高中英语定语从句详解限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句:Ⅰ. 概念:(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
一、关系代词:关系词的作用:1) 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)常用的关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose、as常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when、why、whereThe student who answered the question was John.The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关系词。
Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法:●that: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
(指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语)2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?3. You can take anything ( that) you like. (宾语)●which: 指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。
如:1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.(主语)2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.(宾语)●who, whom, whose:who: 主格, 在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人whom: 宾格,在从句中作宾语; 只可指人whose: 属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。
限制性定语从句【知识归纳】1. 由that和which引导的定语从句。
一般情况下,that和which在从句中作主语或宾语,都可指物,二者可以互换;that也可以指人,可以代替who或whom,但不能作介词的宾语。
如: These are the workers who / whom/ that he employs. I found that the things which/ that looked like beans were chickens.【考例1】The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other.(2011山东) A. they B. where C. what D. that【解析】D。
先行词是物,且从句中缺少主语,故用that。
【考例2】I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone else’s fault. (2010全国?) A. who B. that C. as D. what【解析】B。
当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词、形容词最高级、序数词等修饰时,常用that引导。
2. 关系代词who, whom, whose引导的定语从句。
在定语从句中作主语时,用who/ that,不可省略;在定语从句中作宾语时,用whom/ who/ that,可以省略;在定语从句中作定语时,用whose,不可省略。
如: Anyone who comes here first will be served well. 【考例3】The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination. (2011全国I) A. that B. which C. whose D. what 【解析】C。
限制性定语从句真题再现1. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.A. itB. thatC. whoseD. which2. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _______ he should be able to be independent.A. whichB. whereC. whomD. when3. Creating an atmosphere _______ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.A. asB. whoseC. in whichD. at which4. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. who5. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. who6. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of ______ uses it somewhat differently.A. whichB. whatC. themD. those7. Children who are not active or _____ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A. whatB. whoseC. whichD. that1.D。
本题考查的定语从句的用法,upon which的用法,句意为:一些专家认为,阅读是一些学校教育依赖的重要的技能。
2. D。
考查定语从句,先行词the time,定语从句缺少时间状语,用关系副词when。
3. C。
句意:创造一种雇员感觉是其中一员的氛围是一个大的挑战。
这是一个定语从句,in the atmosphere“在氛围中”是一个固定搭配,因此选用in which。
此外也可以是where。
4. A。
句意:公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛,在这种气氛中,其员工喜欢他们的工作。
句中先行词为atmosphere,抽象的地点名词,在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where。
故选A。
5. A。
句意:她具有给学生营造一种允许他们自由交流的氛围的天赋。
分析句子结构可知,定语从句“_____ allows them to communicate freely with each other”修饰先行词atmosphere,将先行词代入从句后为:The atmosphere allows them to communicate freely with each other,由此可知先行词在定语从句中作主语,而且指代物,所以需用关系代词which,故正确答案为A项。
6. A。
句意:英语是一种被几种不同文化共有的语言,每种文化使用英语多少有些不同。
本题考查非限制性定语从句。
先行词为cultures,将先行词代入定语从句后为:Each of the cultures uses it somewhat differently,由此可见先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,且of 被提前,故答案为A项。
what不能引导定语从句,故被排除;如选C项,需在each of前加并列连词。
7. B。
句意:那些不是很活跃,或者饮食中热量太高的孩子会很快长胖。
先行词为children。
or连接两个并列的定语从句,第一个定语从句的关系词为who,第二个关系词为考查点,先行词children在第二个定语从句中与从句中的主语diet形成所属关系:child ren’s diet,故选择B项。
知识讲解定义及分类定语由一个句子来充当,那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。
The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.其中划线部分为定语从句。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,此外还有间隔性定语从句。
This is the school (that/which) we visited last year. (限制性定语从句)The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. (非限制性定语从句)The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.(间隔性定语从句)定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别:(限制性)定语从句无逗号隔开、不可缺少、起修饰限制作用,而非限制性定语从句有逗号隔开、可有可无、起补充说明作用。
构成:定语从句由先行词、关系词和从句构成。
先行词是定语从句所修饰限制的名词或代词。
关系词是用来引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词。
The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.此句中先行词为:narrow streets and small houses,关系词为:that,定语从句为:that are built close to each other关系代词的选择限制性定语从句的关系代词有that(人、物),which(物),who(m)(人),whose(人、物),as。
注:关系副词一般都可变为“介词+关系代词”结构(即:关系副词=介词+关系代词)。
This is the mountain village where (=in which) I stayed last month.关系词的选择:在主句完整的情况下,当定语从句主语、宾语或表语成分不完整时,用关系代词引导;当定语从句主语、宾语或表语成分完整时,用关系副词引导。
This is the school that we visited.(从句宾语缺失,visit为及物动词,需要补充宾语,选用关系代词)This is the school where we study.(从句部分没有宾语,但是由于study在此是不及物动词,不接宾语)指人或物时,关系词只用that的情况。
当先行词为不定代词(all、much, little, few, some, any, none, one, something, anything,everything等)或先行词被不定形容词(all, many, some, few, little等)修饰时。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?当先行词既有人又有物时。
Do you know the things and persons that you are talking about?当先行词含有序数词或最高级时。
This bus is the first that will go to Beijing.This is the best movie that I have ever seen.当先行词被only, very, next, last等修饰时。
This is the very book that I’m looking for.在who或which引导的特殊疑问句中。
Which is the bike that you lost?当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
Zhengzhou is no longer the city that it used to be.指事或物时,关系词只用which的情况。
引导非限制性定语从句时。
He turned to be a very successful man, which was more than we expected.当“介词+关系代词”结构引导定语从句时。
This is the question about which they have so much discussion in the past few weeks.当先行词为that时,关系词只用which且不可省略。
The clock is that which tells the time.当关系代词后有插入成分时。
Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, which, of course, made all the others upset.当句子中有两个定语从句时,避免关系词重复。
They secretly built a factory which produced things that could produce pollution.as用于限制性定语从句的情况as常用于固定搭配中:the same. . . as,such…as,as/so…as。
He bought such a book as I have.(as作宾语)He is not the same man as he was.Beijing is such a city as everyone likes to visit.由whose引导的定语从句关系代词whose是who的所有格,在从句中作定语,既可指人,又可指物。
This is the boy whose parents died last year. (whose作定语,指人)注:“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语,又能作宾语。
whose的先行词常用来指人,但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念,这时可以与of which 结构互换,词序是:“名词+of which”。
They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which)He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name)关系副词的用法when指时间,在从句中作时间状语,它的先行词通常有time,day,morning,night,week,year等。