人教新课标必修三 Unit 4 Astronomy-Grammar[主语从句教学课件]

教学过程一、复习预习引导学生复习上节课所学的知识点（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并分析和扩展导入本节课所学。

二、课堂导入概念引入T：请大家观察下面几个句子并说出其含义That you will win the medal seems unlikely.你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。

Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.她来不来都无关紧要。

What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这事。

When the plane is to take off has not been announced .飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。

待学生思考片刻之后，老师分析每个句子并引出主语从句的用法。

三、知识讲解知识点1 主语从句做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有连词that，whether，连接代词who，what，which，连接副词when，where，how，why等。

主语从句主要有四类：【考查点】1. 由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义，在句中不做成分，不可以省。

例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.That you are so indifferent bothers me.That she survived the accident is a miracle.【考查点】2. 用连词whether 引导的主语从句: whether有含义(是否)，在句中不做成分，不可以省。

注意：引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。

例如：Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.【考查点】3. 用连接代词引导的主语从句在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分。

Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the starsPeriod 1 Grammar points.一．语法要点主语从句：在复合句中作主句的主语的从句叫主语从句。

引导主语从句的词有连词that, whether；连接代词who, what, which；连接副词when, where, how, why等。

Eg: Which team will win the match is still unknown.主语从句放在句首，句子常显得笨重，因此一般把它放到句子后面，前面用引导词”it”来作主语。

Eg: It’s strange that he didn’t come yesterday.二．重点难点1．Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets going to be different from other planets going round the sun.going round the sun 为现在分词短语定语，表示一般的动作。

Eg: Men breaking the law will be punished.现在分词短语，也可表示进行的动作2. Weather life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.for millions of years to come 中不定式to come 作定语，与前面的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。

Eg: She is the last person to tell lies.3．The problem was that the earth became violent because it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.The problem was that …, that 引导表语从句，that 只起连接作用，无意义，但不能省略。

Unit 4 Astronomy: thescience of the starsContents 目录一、单元教学目标和要求(Teaching aims and demands)二、教材内容分析(Analysis of the teaching materials)三、单元预习任务(Pre-unit task）四、教学安排(Teaching arrangements)五、教学步骤(Teaching procedures)六、背景参考资料(Background knowledge)七、评价与反思(Assessment and reflection)一、教学目标和要求(Teaching aims and demands)根据《英语新课程标准》（实验稿）关于总目标的具体描述，结合高一学生实际和教材内容，我们将教学目标分为语言知识、语言技能、学习策略、情感态度、文化意识五个方面。

1．语言知识（Knowledge）词汇（Vocabulary）：能理解、内化、运用以下生词--atmosphere, violent--violence, solid, explode, oxygen, surface, planet, harmful—harm, development—develop, spread, method, presence, telescope, disappointed, force, gradually, float, mass,短语(Phrases and expressions)：the solar system, in time, carbon dioxide, prevent… from, depend on, cheer up, now that, break out,功能(Functions)：学习掌握一些用于陈述问题及给予意见的结构，如：My problem/ trouble is……? The difficulty / question is…My advice/ suggestion is…What I think about it is…Please pay attention to…Make sure you …Watch out for…语法(Grammar)：掌握和运用主语从句。

Section ⅣGrammar名词性从句——主语从句1．(教材P25)What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.2．(教材P25)The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 3．(教材P26)What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.4．(教材P26)It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.5．(教材P26)What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.6．(教材P26)So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.定义在主从复合句中，充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。

◆How the earth came into existence remains a mystery to us.地球是如何形成的对我们来说仍然是一个谜。

Unit4 Astronomy:the science of the stars主语从句（The Subject Clause）（一）主语从句概念：在复合句中充当主语的句子，叫做主语从句。

句子结构：“主语从句（引导词+主语+谓语..）+谓语动词+句子其它...”What he said is of great importance .他所说的很重要。

That prices will go up is certain .物价要上涨是肯定的。

（二）主语从句引导词：连词that（无词义），,whether（是否）连接代词who/ who（谁）, whose（谁的）,what（...的事）,which (哪一个）连接副词when（什么时候）,where（哪里）,how（如何/怎么）,why （为什么）（1）that引导主语从句，本身无词义，在从句中不做成分，但不可省略。

eg That Tom passed the exam made hisparents happy .汤姆通过（2）whether引导主语从句，意为“是否”，在从句中不做成分，不可省略，位于句首时不能用if 。

Whether we ‘ll go camping tomorrow dependson the weather.明天我们是否去野营取决于天气。

（3）what引导主语从句，意为“...的事，”在从句中做主语、宾语、表语，不可省略。

What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation .（what 在从句作主语）去太空旅行所需要的就是仔细的准备。

What they want is a good book.（what 在从句作宾语）他们想要的就是一本好书。

（4）其它特殊疑问词引导的主语从句：注意特殊疑问词引导的主语从句要用陈述语序。

Who will do it doesn’t matter.谁要做这件事没关系。

【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：名词性从句——主语从句与同位语从句二. 知识精讲：（一）主语从句1. 概念与引导词在复合句中充当主语的从句就叫做主语从句。

引导主语从句的连接词有that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever, where , when , why , how Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference.我们在哪开会都无所谓。

That we were invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.我们被邀请去参加今晚的音乐会，这对于我们来说是个好消息。

2. 主语从句需要注意的问题（1）从属连词that在主语从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，但不能省略，并且可以用形式主语it代替，把that从句置于句末。

That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.他要来参加会议使我们每一个人都很激动。

It is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday.已决定将会议推迟到下周一。

（2）主语从句常用it作形式主语，常用于以下固定句式中：①It +be +形容词（obvious, natural, surprising, wonderful, possible, likely, certain, necessary, important, strange…）+ that从句，在这类主语从句中，谓语部分常用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形。

It is necessary that one (should) master the skills of operating computers.掌握电脑操作技术是很有必要的。

Unit 4 Astronomy: The science of the starsThe reading passage titled HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH provides students a brief introduction on how the universe developed into space and how life began on the earth. It provides a scientific background to any investigation into space and it is factual.This unit is concerned with astronomy and how human beings first evolved on the earth and understand the universe around them. The exploration of space is examined through science fiction as nobody has yet visited a “black hole”. We also examined how ideas have developed about gravity. The three scientists who have made the greatest contribution to our understanding of gravity are Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.Science of the star：the development of life; space travel and gravityVocabulary: astronomy, system, religion, theory, atom, billion, globe, violent, carbon, atmosphere, unlike, fundamental, harmful, acid, chain, oxygen, exist, thus, dioxide, puzzle, biology, biologist, satellite, gentle, physicist, climate, crash, spaceship, pull, float, solar system, in time, give birth to, in one`s turn, prevent….from, block out, cheer up, now that, watch outPlanets: Mercury(水星), Venus(金星), Earth(地球), Mars(火星), Jupiter(木星), Saturn(土星), Uranus(天王星), Neptune(海王星)The Big Bang: It is the term used to describe a huge explosion that scientists believe happened around 15 billion years ago, creating our universe. Nobody knows what caused the Big Bang, since we cannot look back to a time before it. But just after the event, the universe is believed to have been a knot of tightly packed particles only about the size of a pea. Its temperature was ten thousand trillion, trillion degree Celsius.The universe is made up of stars, planets, and other matter scattered throughout space.Satellites are objects that move in orbit around other objects of greater mass. A satellite may be natural, like the moon, or artificial, like a spacecraft.Our solar system is made up of the sun and the objects that orbit it. These include the eight planets (and probably more than eight) and their moons, as well as asteroids, comets, and meteors.Some examples of the creation stories.1 The story of Hopi people: The Four Creations.2 From China: The story of Pan Gu3 The Jewish / Christian / Muslim storyIsaac Newton Albert Einstein Stephen HawkingIdea Large bodies have aforce which pullsthings towards them.In space large objects makespace and time bend；The largerthe object is, the further spaceand time bend.Black holes have a very largemass and pull things towardsthem.Development The bigger the objectis, the stronger thegravity.Time goes slower in very stronggravity.If you go over the edge, youcannot get out; but if you do not,you may be able to escape.Instructions(提示):Please pay attention to….Please check that….Please look at…..Make sure that….Don`t forget that…..Watch out for….You need….You had better…..The first period: Warming up and ReadingImportant points: let the students read the passage and learn about the development of the earth by using different reading skills to understand implied meaning of the author.Difficult points: enable the students to understand the passage and know the development of the earth by using different reading skills.Knowledge aims: learn the useful new words and expressions in this part: astronomy,, system, religion, theory, atom, billion, globe, violent, carbon, atmosphere, unlike, fundamental, armful, acid, chain, multiply, oxygen, exist, dioxide, puzzle, solar system, in time, lay eggs, give birth to, in one`s turn, carbon dioxide, prevent….fromStep 1 Presentation1. Have a free talk with students by letting them brainstorm the following questions:Who are our ancestors?Do you know what it was like before life appeared on the earth?Do you know how life began on the earth?Do you want to get more information?2. Tell them: today we will learn something about how life began on the earth. Turn to page 25. let`s come to Warming up.Step 2 Warming up1. In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun. They are: Uranus天王星, Venus金星, Earth地球, Mars火星, Mercury水星, Jupiter木星, Neptune海王星, Saturn土星.2. What interests you in astronomy? Do you know any questions that astronomers are interested in?Step 3 Pre-reading1. First get students to discuss the questions with their partners:The origin of life on earth is a question that interests astronomers. Do you know about it?Each religion and culture has its own idea about how life began on earth. What do you know about them?2. Get them to tell their stories. Encourage them to tell different stories.3. Get them read the title and predict what the reading will be about.Step 4 Reading1. Fast reading: get them read the passage quickly and then write down the main idea for each paragraph and the whole passage in the following chart.How life began on the earthParagraph 1 A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe.Paragraph 2The formation of the earth.Paragraph 3The Importance of water for life.Paragraph 4The development of plants and animals on the earth.Paragraph 5The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.The passage A brief introduction on how the universe developed and how life began on the earth. It provides a scientific background to any investigation into space and it is factual.2. Intensive reading: allow them several minute to read and get the important details, then finish the following.Time EventsThe dust settled into a solid globe, which was the earth.Between 4.5 and3.8 billion years ago The earth exploded with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapor and other gases, which were to make the earth`s atmosphere. When the earth cooled down, water appeared. Water also appeared on other planets like Mars but unlike the earth, it had disappeared later.Many millions of years later Small plants-began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen.Plants Green plants began to grow on land, which were followed by land animals.Reptiles appeared and they produce the young by laying eggs and existedon the earth.Next and laterAnimalsMammals appeared on the earth which gave birth to young baby animalsand fed them on milk.About 2.6 million years ago Small clever animals with hands and feet appeared. They spread all over the earth. Thus they, in their turn, became the most important animals on the planet.3. Put the order of development of life into a time-line.1). Insects and amphibians appeared. (H)2). Dinosaurs appeared. (J)3). The earth became a solid ball. (C)4). Small plants grew on the water. (E)5). Reptiles appeared. (I)6). Plants began to grow on dry dust. (G)7). Water appeared on the earth. (B)8). Shellfish and other fish appeared. (D)9). The universe began with a “Big Bang”. (F)10). Clever animals with hands and feet appeared. (A)11). Mammals appeared. (L)12). The earth was a cloud of dust. (K)4. Choose the best answers to the questions:1). What is important for the beginning of life?A. The water on the earth.B. The earth`s atmosphere.C. The form of forests.D. Dissolving harmful gases.2). Which of the following appeared on the earth first?A. InsectsB. ReptilesC. AmphibiansD. Shellfish and fish.3. Which of the following statements is true?A. water still exists on MarsB. the earth`s atmosphere is made up of oxygen and nitrogenC. the earth had dissolved the harmful atmosphere into the ocean and seas.D. Plants provide oxygen to the earth.4). What is the passage mainly about?A. The appearance and development of life on the earth.B. The birth of the earth.C. Why dinosaurs died out.D. The fact that human being caused begins global warming.4. Reading and discussion:1). Why was the earth different from the other planets?(Because the water remained on the earth.)2). Why did the plants grow before the animals came?(Because plants provide oxygen for animals to breathe.)3). Why is it wrong to show films with dinosaurs and people together?(Because dinosaurs died out long before human beings developed on the earth.)4). What problem is caused by human beings?(Human beings caused global warming.)5. Explanations: discuss the following important sentences and phrases.1). What is was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into solid globe.2). The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.3). They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapor and other gases, which were to make the earth`s atmosphere.4). So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.Suggested answers:6. Reading aloud and understanding: ask them to read the passage aloud to the tape and let them pay attention to the pronunciation of each new words and the pause within each sentence and pick out the useful expressions and collocations.On the earth, according to, a cloud of dust, so… that, whether …or not, in time, water vapor, cool down, on one`s surface, allow… to do sth. a chain reaction, millions of, on the surface of, be able to, as well as, by doing…. Lay eggs, be different from, give birth to, spread all over the earth, in one`s turn, prevent… from, as a result of, too… to, depend… on7.填空Exist, live, prevent….from, protect…from, multiply, develop, climate, weatherOne hundred and forty million years before humans existed, dinosaurs ruled the earth. They lived for so long on the earth that they developed into many different species. They had few natural enemies besides each other, so each species had to protect their young from being eaten by other dinosaurs. As they lived in a warm and wet climate, there was plenty of food so dinosaur species multiplied quickly. Who knows that would have happened if the earth`s weather had not changed? Sadly it became hot had dry and the dinosaurs were unable to prevent themselves from disappearing altogether. However, students and scientists love to study their bones and imagine their life.Step 5 DiscussionAfter reading the passage, let students discuss the following questions:1).Why do you think human beings are the cleverest animals on the earth?2). Do you believe that there is life on other planets? Why or why not?3). Do you think it is possible that one day people will move their houses to other planets?Step 6 ConsolidationAsk students to retell the passage with the help of the following:A cloud of dust → a solid ball → presence of water → small plants grow on the water → shellfish and other fish appear → plants began to grow on dry land → insects and amphibians appear → retiles appear →dinosaurs appear → mammals appearStep 7 HomeworkLearn the useful new words and expressions by heart.Read the reading passage again and try to talk about how life began on the earth in your own words.The second period: ReadingKnowledge aims: get the students to earn the useful words and expressions: astronomy, system, religion, theory, atom, billion, globe, violent, carbon, atmosphere, unlike, fundamental, harmful, acid, chain, multiply, oxygen, exist, thus, dioxide, puzzle, solar system, in time, lay eggs, give birth to, in one`s turn, carbon dioxide, prevent…from.Skill aims: Improve students` reading comprehensive ability and enable them to know about how the earth came into being and the development of life.Teaching important and difficult points: discuss the development of life. What will our future be like if the earth becomes too hot to live? And what can we do to prevent such serious situation from happening?Step 1 Lead-in (Individual work)Lead in the passage by asking some questions:Did human beings live on the earth when the earth came into being?( monkeys, Apes类人猿, gorillas猩猩, chimpanzees黑猩猩, primate灵长目动物)Do you know what plays the most important part in our body, water or fat?Do you know how did water come into being on the earth?Step 2 Fast reading (task 1)1. Read paragraph 1-3. After having read, let them watch the video of “Big Bang”, and answer the question “how did water come into being on the earth?” (The explosion of the earth produced water vapor, which turned into water when the earth cooled down.)2. Careful reading: read the passage carefully and answer the following questions:1). What is the earth`s atmosphere made up of?(Carbon, nitrogen, water vapor and other gases)2). Why was the earth different from other planets? (B)A. It produced a lot of heat.B. The water remained.C. Water disappeared.D. It was the oldest planet.3). Why was water very important for the beginning of life?(Water allowed the earth to dissolved harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.)3. Do the exercises and then check with the whole class.Step 3 Intensive reading (task 2)Read the whole text and finish the chart. (Pair work)Development of life(Big Bang) The earth was still a cloud of dust.↓(between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago) The dust settled into a solid globe.↓(explode) Water vapor and some other gases were produced and made the earth`s atmosphere.↓(cool down) Water appeared on the earth.↓(life began) Arrival of small plants on the surface of the water.↓(multiply) The oceans and seas were filled with oxygen and the development of shellfish and other fish were encouraged.↓(next) Green plants began to grow on land.↓(followed in time) Land animals such as insects and amphibians appeared.↓(plants grew into forests) Reptiles appeared.↓(after that) Huge animals, called dinosaurs developed.↓(dinosaurs disappeared) It made the rise of mammals on the earth possible.Step 4 Have a discussion (task 3)Through the teacher`s description, we learned the development of life. It is a long and slow process. And the earth is the best place for all the living things to live on. But human beings didn`t take care of it.Listen to the last paragraph twice with the books closed.1). What problem is caused by human beings? (B)A.They exist everywhere on the earth.B.They caused global warming.C.They find new methods of growing crops.D.They enjoy hunting and fishing.2). From the last paragraph we can infer that the author is a little ------. (C)A. HappyB. carelessC. worriedD. excitedStep 5 Self-assessmentWrite down your opinions according to the questions in the card.1). Can you give a brief introduction to how the universe developed, how life began on the earth and the development of life in your own words?2). What strategies of reading have you learned in the class?3). Are you active in the class?4). What problems did you have in reading?5). What help do you need from the teacher?Step 6 HomeworkPlease try your best to retell the passage in your own words.Write a short passage according to what we have discussed. The title is “How to Protect the Earth”. (About 120 words.)The third period: Learning about Language: Important language pointsThe emphasis of this period will be placed on the important new words and sentence patterns in the parts Warming Up, Pre-reading, Reading and Comprehending.Important points: enable students to grasp the usages of such important new words and expressions as exist, puzzle, in time, in one`s turn, prevent…. from; get students to master the patterns “The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.” And “So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.”Difficult points: 1). let students learn the usages of the expression “prevent….from….; 2). enable them to learn the sentence pattern “It is(not)+ adj. +that ( whether)…..”; 3). get them to understand some difficult and long sentences.Knowledge aims: get them to learn the following sentence patterns:What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. (be to do; what-clause as the subject)The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. (so …. That; it is / was not + adj. + whether-clause)What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. (what-clause as the subject; that-clause as the predicative)It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. (It is / was (not) + adj. + that……)So whether life will continue on the earth for million of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. (whether-clause as the subject; depend on + whether-clause as the object)Step 1 RevisionCheck the homework exercises.Ask some students to talk about how life began on the earth.Step 2 Reading and findingGet students read through Warming Up, pre-reading, reading and comprehending to underline all the new words and expressions or collocations.Step 3 Practice for useful words and expressionsTurn to page 28. go through the exercises and then do them by themselves.Step 4 Studying important language points1. according to: as stated by sb. or in sth.According to John, you were in Edinburgh last week.You have been in prison six times according to our record.2. It is not clear how gold was found there.It is hard to understand why there is gravity.3. in time: sooner or later; eventuallyin / out of time(sth.) be to (do): something will definitely happen, or it must happenYou will succeed in time.She will be back in time to prepare dinner.The audience clapped in time to the music.She is to be honored for this great work.They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.4. allow + n. / pron. / doing; allow sb. to do sth.5. exist: be real or actual; have beingThe Roman Empire existed for several centuries.Contradictions exist everywhere.Salt exists mostly in sea water.So poor they can hardly exist.One can not exist without air.6. be different from: not like someone or something else in one or more waysCity life is different from country life.7. give birth to: produce youngShe gave birth to a healthy baby last night.Mark`s idea gave birth to Communism.8. in one`s turnin turn: one after the other; in successionby turn: one after the other; in rotationHe has become monitor in his turn.The girl called out their names in turn.We did the work by turn.9. prevent…..from…: stop or hinder sth. / sb.Nothing can prevent their plan from being carried out.10. depend on (sth. else): something might only happen or be true if the circumstances are right for it Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.Step 5 Using words, expressions and patternsDo the exercises in Using words and expressions on page 63.Step 6 HomeworkFinish off the Workbook exercises.Learn the new words and expressions by heart.The forth period: Learning about language: GrammarThis period mainly deals with the following:1). Review noun clauses as the object and as the predicative;2). Learn the new grammar item: noun clauses as the subject.Important points: get the students to understand and use noun clauses as the subject.Difficult point: enable students to learn how to use noun clauses as the subject correctly.Step 1 Revision1. Check the homework exercises.2. Dictate some new words and expressions.3. Translate the following sentences.1). 你早晚会来的.→You will come here in time.2). 我的车与你的不一样.→My car is different from yours.3). 他总是第一个来, 最后一个走.→He is always the first to come and the last to go.4). 他来还是不来不清楚.→It is not clear whether he comes or not.5). 我们的成败取决于是否每个人都努力工作.→Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.6). 我们必须采取措施防止这种疾病的蔓延.→We must take action to prevent this disease from spreading.Step 2 PreparationAsk students to read the following sentences and find out its subject.A tree has fallen across the road.You are a student.To find your way can be a problem.Smoking is bad for your health.“How do you do?” is a greeting.What she said is not yet unknown.That we shall be late is certain.It is certain that we shall be late.Step 3 Grammar learning1. Read and discover. Turn to page 25 and read through the reading passage to find out all the sentences where noun clauses are used as the subject and underline them.1). What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.2). The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.3). What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.4). It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.5). What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water the earth to dissolve harmful gasses and acids into the oceans and seas.6). Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.7). So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.2. Summing up: noun clauses as the subject主语从句: 做主语用的名词性从句, 在复合句中做主语.1). 连接词:从属连词that(引导主语从句只是引导作用, 在句中不做任何成分, 但不能省略), whether(放在句首或者句末) 等.That she left him cut him to the heart.Whether it will please them is not easy to say. / It is not east to say whether it will please them.2). 连接代词who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.3). 连接副词when, where, why, how等4). 几种特殊句型:It + be + 表语+ 主语从句It + 不及物动词+ 主语从句It + 及物动词+ 主语从句Step 4 Grammar practiceTurn to page 29. Ask students to do exercises2-3 in Discovering useful structures.Step 5 DiscussionLet students have a discussion in groups. The topic is “My problem”. One talks about the problems in his study or life. The others should give some advice or suggestion. Remind students to use the following structures:The fact is that / it is a fact that……The difficulty is ….. / What I find difficulty is…..The trouble is ….. / What worries me is …..My advice is …. / What I would suggest is …..My advice is ….. / What I would advise is …..I think that ….. / What I think is …..I want to tell you that …. / What I want to say …..Step 6 Closing down by a quizShow them some exercises to do.1). I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn`t matter ----- that I am talking to.A. who is itB. who it isC. it is whoD. it is whom2). It is pretty well understood ----- control the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A. thatB. whenC. whatD. how3). ----- made the school proud was ----- more than 90% of students had been admitted to key university.A. What; becauseB. What; thatC. That; whatD. That; because4). ----- team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championship.A. No matter whatB. No matter whichC. WhateverD. Whichever5). ----- is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.A. AsB. ThatC. ThisD. It6). ----- I can`t understand is ----- he changed his mind.A. That; thatB. What; whyC. Which; howD. That; why7). ____ Ben looked so upset was not clear.A. WhenB. ThatC. WhyD. What8). _____ is a secret to me, so I have to ring her up.A. Where did she put itB. Where she put itC. That where she put itD. In which she put it9). _____ you have done might be good for your sister.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhichD. This10). ____ is known to us _____ David will solve the problem tomorrow.A. It; whatB. What; thatC. It; howD. What; when11). ____ has finished the work on time will be rewarded though we don`t know who it will be.A. WhomeverB. AnyoneC. No matter whoD. Whoever12). ____ the man can`t understand is _____ the pay is lower and lower.A. What; whyB. That; whatC. What; becauseD. Why; that13). It was about two years ago _____ a young man saved ten children from the ruins.A. thatB. untilC. beforeD. when14). _____ we will go to see a movie this weekend depends on my father`s schedule.A. IfB. ThatC. WhetherD. What15). _____ will be the competitor to take part in the speech competition hasn`t been decided yet.A. WhoB. WhatC. ThatD. Whether16). _____ the concert will begin is not clear. Why don`t you ask the man sitting next to you?A. ThatB. UntilC. BeforeD. When(参考答案: BCBDD BCBBC DAACA D)Step 7 HomeworkFinish off the Workbook exercises.Preview the reading passage A VISIT TO THE MOON on page 30, find out the sentences in which noun clauses are used, and see if you can understand them.The fifth period: Using Language: Listening and speakingDifficult points: develop students` listening and speaking abilities in order to get them master different listening skills and learn the expressions of giving instructions.Important points: get students to listen to the materials to make a dialogue using the fundamental items for giving instructions.Knowledge aims: get students to learn some useful expressions in the listening passage:Please pay attention to…… Please check that ……..You need …… Don`t forget to ……….Make sure that …….. Watch out for……..You had better …….. You must / must not ……..Step 1 Revision1. Check the homework.2. Ask some students to translate the sentences into English.1). 谁去都一样.→Who will go makes no difference.2). 野生动物能否得到很好的保护至关重要.→Whether wild life can be well protected is of great importance.3). 恐龙为什么灭绝了依然是一个谜.→Why dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle.4). 新饭馆什么时候开张还没有决定.→It is not decided when the new restaurant will open.5). 你这么快就走, 真遗憾!→It is shame that you have to leave so soon.Step 2 Warming upTell students to turn to page 30 and do some listening. Play the tape three times for them to listen to and get some information to fill in the chart.Isaac Newton Albert Einstein Stephen HawkingIdeaDevelopmentStep 3 listening on page 621. Listen to the tape and do some exercises.2. Have them listen to part one again and make notes of the answers to the questions.Questions Yang Liwei`s answersWhen was the most exciting moment?What surprised him?What did he do?3. Listen to the part two and fill the form.Information on Yang Liwei, the astronautEducation:Training:Physical qualities:Personal qualities:4. Have them fill in the blanks in the passage below after finishing the above.Well, I ----- of it when I was -----, but I never thought my ----- would come -----. It all happened very -----. If there was an ----- I would ------ to go to the moon one day.Step 4 Talking1. Get them to read the expressions aloud to make sure them understand their Chinese meaning.Please pay attention to…… Please check that ……..You need …… Don`t forget to ……….Make sure that …….. Watch out for……..You had better …….. You must / must not ……..Please look at …..2. Suppose a situation: imagine one of your friends wants to go on a trip into space. You are worried about that he / she in not being careful enough in his / her preparations. So in pairs, make up a set of instructions for new space travelers.Step 5 Listening Task on page 651. Turn to page 65. Tell them to listen to part of Professor Wallis` interview with Li Yanping, the famous astronomer, about his first space walk.2. Have them read the words below and try to guess their meanings.。

高中英语必修三Unit4Astronomy阅读,词汇与语法Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars Reading Language points GrammarBy Li LiI 教学内容分析本单元的中心话题是“天文学”。

本单元的两篇文章都采用了叙述性文体。

第一篇阅读短文按照时间顺序主要叙述了地球上生命的起源和发展过程。

第二篇阅读短文中作者用第一人称的口吻讲述了他和朋友的登月经历。

可以说本单元科学知识含量较高，更能激发学生的学习兴趣和好奇心。

Warming Up 部分共有两个问题,第一个问题让学生说出八大行星并看图指出各个行星的名称；第二个问题让学生说出自己对天文学哪些方面感兴趣以及天文学家所关注的方面。

在高考的重压之下，同学们都想能利用科学的学习方法做到事半功倍而且很多学生也一直做着将来能成为科学家的梦。

所以，该话题会让学生们兴趣盎然，积极思考和讨论此方面的内容，从而达到热身的目的。

Pre-reading 部分也提出了三个问题，主要是让学生区分宗教信仰、文化传统和科学思想之间的不同。

可以以讲故事的方式让学生彼此之间分享一些有关宇宙和地球起源方面的传说或故事，这样既能激活他们的思维也能为阅读部分打下基础。

Reading 部分描写了地球上生命的起源和发展过程，具体写了由于水的形成才使得地球上生命的诞生成为可能。

科学家认为，地球上的生命最初诞生于水中。

数万年后，陆地上才长出了绿色植物，随后出现了陆栖动物和水陆两栖动物。

最初的动物靠孵化繁衍后代，再之后诞生了哺乳动物，人类也随之诞生了。

文章最后讲述的现象发人深省：The earth may become too hot for the lives on it.它关系到地球上生命的未来。

Comprehending 部分通过五个练习题检测学生对本文核心内容的理解。

练习1是对文章结构的分析以及大意的概括；练习2通过排序的方式帮助学生弄清本文的行文线索，也就是地球上生命的起源和发展历程；练习3提出5个小问题，考查学生的深层理解和推断能力；练习4让学生找出文章中出现的连接词，检查学生对文章中句型的熟悉和理解程度，同时还有助于学生在写作方面得到提高；练习5让学生选择一个问题进行回答并向全班汇报，开拓学生的思维并锻炼他们的语言表达能力。

2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三Unit4Astronomy: the science of the stars语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________要求学生掌握本单元的重点语法---名词性从句中的主语从句一、主语从句的引导词主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导。

1.that引导That he is still alive is a wonder.他还活着，真是奇迹。

That we shall be late is certain.我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。

That he should have ignored the working class was natural. 他忽视工人阶级是很自然的。

That she is still alive is a consolation. 她还活着是使人感到宽慰的。

That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence. 她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。

That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。

That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village. 她被挑选上，在她村子里引起很大轰动。

2.whether引导Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。

“主语从句”教学设计【教材依据】人教版高中英语必修三Unit 4 Astronomy：The Science of the Stars 语法:主语从句一、设计思路1、指导思想主语从句是高中英语中一个重要的语法项目，它在高考中占的比例中也是举足轻重的，在阅读，完型，语法填空，改错题中无所不在。

尤其是作文中，学生如果能正确，漂亮地使用几个名词性从句，就能成为其亮点和增分点。

因此，我们要对它着重讲解。

主语从句是在上一单元讲解了宾语从句和表语从句的基础上讲的，因此并不算太难。

2、教学目标根据英语学科核心素养的要求，经过本课的学习，学生能够：（1）语言能力：a. 能辩认出主语从句。

b. 知道主语从句的三要素，正确使用主语从句。

c. 按句子所缺成分和意义正确使用主语从句的连接词。

d.能够学以致用，在平时的交流中能够用上名词性从句，真正达到其交际运用的功能。

（2）学习能力：通过任务训练，培养学生的团队合作意识，提高学生互相学习、互相帮助的意识。

（3）文化意识疫情相关例句的导入，让学生关注时事，知道只要坚定信心，就一定能取得成功，增强国家认同感，培养爱国情怀。

（4）思维品质通过比较所获得的信息，能够归纳、概括其语法规律，并在实践中，用于处理解决新的问题。

3、教学重点与难点：a. 正确选择主语从句的连接词。

b. 在训练学生语言能力同时，注重培养学习英语的兴趣，培养学生的合作能力，提升学生的整体素质。

二、教学准备教学设计、多媒体课件、导学案、彩色粉笔、活动用的卡片三、教学过程【一】预习检查表扬激趣1.组长汇报预习检查的结果。

2.导入：每组抽一名学生翻译预习案上的句子，检查预习效果，并通过主语来导入主语从句的定义。

即：主语是动作的执行者，一般位于谓语动词之前。

在句子中，充当主语的从句，叫做主语从句。

3.句式升级（简单句变复合句）(1)The news makes us anxious.(2)The number of COVID-19 cases worldwide has surpassed 200 million.合并：That the number of COVID-19 cases worldwide has surpassed 200 million makes us anxious.设计意图：让学生通过观察例句找出主语，明白主语不仅仅可以由名词、代词、不定式、动名词还可以由句子充当。

高一英语同步练习:必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars第3课时Grammar基础练习一.语法知识:主语从句:做主语用的名词性从句,因其在复合句中做主语,又称主语从句,引导主语从句的有从属连词that, whether,连接代词who, what, which,连接副词when, where, how, why等。

1..连接词:1从属连词:that,whether等.that 引导主语从句只起引导作用,本身无实际意义,在主语从句中不充当任何成分,但不能省略。

That she left him cut him to the heart.That he will come is certain由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首,句后都可。

Whether it will please them is not easy to say.Whether she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.2连接代词who ,what ,which, whatever, whichever, whoever What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.Which side will win is not clear.3连接副词when,where,how,why等。

Why he did it remains a mystery.When they will start is not known yet.How he became a great scientist is known to us all.2.位置:主语从句可以前置,也可以后置。

用it做形式主语,而把主语从句放在句末,常用下面几种句型。

1It + be + 表语+主语从句表语:(名词,形容词,过去分词It is a pity that we can’t go.It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.It is an honour that I was invited to attend the meeting.It is certain that she will do well in her exam.It is true that I told her everything.It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.It is reported that China has sent another manmade earth satellite into orbit.2It+不及物动词或短语+主语从句It seemed (happened, doesn’t matter, has turned out that…It happens that they were absent.It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.3 It +及物动词(被动语态+主语从句It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.注意:1主语从句在句首时,必须由连接词引导,不能省略这些连接词;但是如果用it做形式主语,而把主语从句放在句末时,从属连词that可以省略。