second language acquisition简介

★1. SLA (Second language acquisition) is the process by which a language other than the mother tongue is learnt in a natural setting or in a classroom.
★2. Acquisition vs. Learning (Krashen1982)
Acquisition refers to the learning of a language unconsciously under natural settings where learners pay attention only to the meanings or contents rather than forms or grammars.
Learning refers to the learning of a language consciously under educational settings where learners mainly pay attention to forms or grammars.
3. The study of second language acquisition is a branch of applied linguistics.
It mainly deals with how the second language is acquired. The process not only involves linguistics but also a great many subjects including linguistic physiology, psychology, psycholinguistics, cognitive science and so on.
4. Factors affecting SLA
Social factors (external factors)
Learner factors (internal factors)
Social factors (external factors)
Social context
Language policy and the attitude of the public sector;
Social demand
With the trend of globalization of the world economy , it is widely accepted among educators and national leaders that proficiency in another language is an indispensable quality of educated people
Learner factors (internal factors)
Motivation
Age
Learning strategy
5. Through observations and experiments they have found that children all undergo certain stages of language development.
Babbling stage (articulating certain speech sounds)(6 -12)
One word or Holophrastic stage (using single words to represent various meanings)（12-18 months)
Two –word stage (18-20 months)
Telegraphic speech stage (using phrase and sentences composed of only content words.)(2-3 years )。