TPO-45 综合写作独立写作题目文本

TPO 独立写作题目TPO 1：At universities and colleges, sports and social activities are just as important as classes and libraries and should receive equal financial support.1.An increasing number of businesses have high demand for people who are not onlyspecialists in their fields, but also skilled in social interaction.2.Aside from fostering social skills and team spirit, sports and social activities can greatlyhelp students release their pressures.3.Admittedly, academic education will always be at the heart of a university.TPO 2：Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people.1.First of all, always telling the truth creates trust between clients and companies, betweenemployers and employees, and among colleagues.2.Secondly, love also requires telling the truth3.It is understandable that some people think that always telling the truth may hurt people’sfeelings.TPO 3: It is more important to keep your old friends than it is to make new friends.TPO 4: In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today.1.First of all, since the price of cars is undergoing a downward trend and people live furtherfrom their office than before, the need for driving cars is increasing.2.In addition, the public transportation is already under greater burden, as a result of whichmore people resort to driving private cars.3.Admittedly, the increasing oil price and stricter traffic regulations would, to some extent,limit the use of cars.TPO 5: People today spend too much time on personal enjoyment doing things they like to do rather than doing things they should do.TPO 6: Life today is easier and more comfortable than it was when your grandparents were children.1.Transportation2.Leisure activities3.InternetTPO 7: It is more important for students to understand ideas and concepts than it is for them to learn facts.1.Firstly, only when students know the ideas and concepts can they be able to understand thefacts.2.Secondly, ideas and concepts helps figuring out more possible solutions.3.Admittedly, learning facts can help students to understand ideas and concepts, facilitatingthe application of theories in real life.TPO 8: Television advertising directed towards young children (aged two to five) should not be allowed.1.In the first place, advertising may have parents wasted money and cause emotional tortureof parents when they fail to fulfill their children’s unreasonable demands.2.Furthermore, advertising could mislead children because the primary goal of most ofadvertising is to make profits whereas children between age tow to five lack ability of understanding and judgment.3.Admittedly, there are some undeniable benefits of advertising for children;TPO 9：Technology has made children less creative than they were in the past.1.First and foremost, technology has provided children with easy access to scientific andliberal art resources which is their best source of inspiration2.Second, technology has equipped children with professional apparatus which could finallyrealize their imagination. This takes form particularly as computer software and applications.3.Third, technology itself is a market place where creative ideas are economicallyencouraged.TPO 10：Playing computer games is a waste of time. Children should not be allowed to play them.1.First of all, playing computer games offers children great platforms to get acquainted withmore people and hone their communication and cooperation skills.2.Furthermore, playing computer games could help improve children’s intelligenc e.3.What’s more, playing computer games can be a good way to relax.TPO 11: Some people say that the Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information. Others think access to too much information creates problems.1.The internet has provided underprivileged people with learning materials that they wouldotherwise be unable to access2.Additionally, the internet has also granted us a lot of daily conveniences.3.Admittedly, this sudden availability of information is, of course, not without itscosts….h owever, I believe that distracting websites are not a problem as long as the individual has self-controlTPO 12: it is better to have broad knowledge of many academic subjects than to specialize in one specific subject.1.First of all, many top 500 businesses have higher demand for talents with versatileeducational background.2.Moreover, the distinctions lie in subjects are quite often unclear—many of them areinterrelated.3.Admittedly, focusing only on one subject field leaves an individual with enough time to diginto the advanced part of the subject.TPO 13: The extended family (grandparents, cousins, aunts, and uncles) is less important now than it was in the past.1.First of all, due to the advanced transportation system in this information age, people dotravel a lot and many of them choose to move to another city, or even another country, to obtain more job opportunities or better life quality.2.Apart from this, with the accelerating pace of life, people are burdened with much morepressure than ever before.3.Specially, an exceptional phenomenon is worth our attention in china I come from.TPO 14: People benefit more from traveling in their own country than from traveling to foreign countries.TPO 15: In order to become financially responsible adults, children should learn to manage their own money at young age1.On one hand, learning to manage money can enable a child to value every penny he/shepossesses.2.On the other hand, children can learn various kinds of skills, such as making budget, whenthey take efforts to manage their money.3.Admittedly, some children are able to cultivate their money managing skill at an older age. TPO 16: The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide.TPO 17: Most advertisements make products seem much better than they really are.1.Many advertisements now are produced with great investment in visual and audiotechnologies, constructing an exciting, fantastic world to allure customers.2.Moreover, nowadays manufacturers tend to invite celebrities, who know nothing about theproducts, to recommend their goods in advertisement.3.Some other emerging techniques have been adopted to exaggerate the quality of products.For example, advertisers would find someone acting as the real users of the product.TPO 18: Students are more influenced by their teachers than by their friends.1.Primarily, friends are about the same age, so their experiences are similar to an individualstudent.2.Moreover, less chances are provided for students to discuss with teachers—many teacherswill leave the classroom as soon as the class is over.3.Admittedly, sometimes students may need teachers’ help, especially when they are facingwith studying issues.TPO 19: In order to be well-informed, a person must get information from many different news resources.1.First of all, different types of media do have their own “niche”—that is, each of themtargets different groups of readers and focus on a specific field.2.In addition, relying on limited news sources is not reliable. It is quite common for somemedia to fabricate or exaggerate facts in order to attract more readers.3.Admittedly, too much information would, sometimes, be overwhelming. (wang baoqiang ) TPO 20: Successful people try new things and take risks rather than only doing what they know how to do well.1.To begin with, successful people are willing to adopt new ideas and technologies. Thisenable them to lead the trend rather than following other’s steps, obtaining pioneer’s competitive advantages. (ma yun)2.In addition, people may miss a lot of opportunities for success if they do not try new things.It is quite often that a new profession or a new environment might provide people with unexpected experience, contributing to their success. (cao kefan)3.Admittedly, doing what people already know how to do well can bring them with someadvantages.TPO 21: For success in a future job, the ability to relate well to people is more important than studying hard in school.1.To gain success in our future career, people have to build up solid knowledge base forcertain fields.2.Moreover, comparing with getting well related with others, more skills can be cultivated inthe process of studying hard3.Admittedly, getting well related with others can help people broaden their social network,facilitating their communication and cooperation with others.TPO 22: Teachers should not make their social or political views known to students in the classroom.1.Those teachers express their social and political opinions on the classes could reducestudents’ studying efficiencies.2.In addition, many students are not mature enough to form their own conception about thesociety, the globe and any other matters.3.Admittedly, some teachers are capable of stimulating students to brainstorm and expresstheir own opinions by discussing social of political issues.TPO 23：In today’s world, it is more important to work quickly and risk making mistakes than to work slowly and make sure that everything is correct.1.Timing is so critical. Slower reaction to changes may lead people to miss importantopportunities; on the contrary, pioneers are often granted with huge competitive advantages.2.Moreover, it is hard to make sure everything is in perfect condition. That is, many variablesmay contribute to some unfavorable conditions, fouling up all you’ve p lanned.3.Admittedly, serious errors should be avoided when increasing the productivityTPO 24：One of the best ways that parents can help their teenage children prepare for adult life is to encourage them to take a part-time job.1.Children are able to involve more in social activities, cultivating their social skills whentake part-time jobs.2.By doing part-time jobs, children can have better understanding of specific subjects,figuring out the gap between theories and practice.。

托福tpo45独立写作文章其二，逻辑清晰，论据具体。

tpo独立写作范文要求展开充分。

要求我们在保持平衡的基础上有所侧重。

论述一个问题，一定要做到在某些方面有所倾向，但是对其他的观点也要稍微着些笔墨。

在论述时，需要具体合适的例子作为论据，来支持论点。

例子不在于多少，而在于是否贴切，不要生搬硬套。

其四，语言。

tpo独立写作范文的语言需要达到准确、流畅、丰富三个基本标准。

准确要求在拼写、语法、用词上没有错误，以及一些搭配要准确，这是基本的。

流畅则是读起来要顺口，行文一气呵成使得逻辑清晰。

语言的丰富体现了考生的语言能力，注意用词的时候尽量避免重复。

一些修辞手法的运用更能体现语言的丰富。

一篇标准的tpo独立写作范文主要做到以上几点就可以了。

相信这样的分析能对广大考生有所帮助。

其实对于段落的分布没有特别大的要求的你现在写作只有十五分首先应该注重的是语言能力的提高以及听力的提高（综合写作容易上去，方便总体提分）有语言基础之后大概能保证在20分上下至于段落结构是到往上拔高才需要考虑的我写的是五段开头加中间三段（包括一个让步段）还有最后一段。

我也出国但时间少只有一个多月准备托福考了2次第一次作文20 最后分数不高只有25分。

接下来是听力的方法，我听力最后一次是27分，如果你是10多分的水平，刚开始建议听抄，可以只听抄短文听了半个月后有20分左右后可以开始跟读当然所有的过程都要做题做错的看看原文中答案出现在哪里培养自己的那种感觉（知道哪里重要听哪里的那种感觉，比如转折，语气什么的）最后你有24分左右可以开始训练听抄跟读科学怪人，可可英语网有，每天好好听抄跟读一篇，注意要语速一样，大概要花一个多小时，但效果很好，之后你就会觉得托福很简单了。

有什么其他的问题还可以追问，希望你能考取一个好成绩拿到一个好offer!。

比较类题型是托福独立写作当中很常见的一类题型，以下这几个题目都属于这一类型：1. Relating well with other people is more important to future career success than studying hard at school.2. Students are more influenced by their teachers than by their friends.3. Being creative will come up with better solution to a problem than planning carefully.4. It is better to have a job or vacation at least one year than to study at college at once for students who just finished high school.5. Working at home by using computers or telephones is better than working in the office.通过对这几个题目的对比分析我们可以看到，比较类题目的特点是什么，就是在题目当中给出了两个比较的对象，其中一个比另外一个更好更有效或者更重要。

TPO独立写作范文一、教育TPO1As people regard education as an essential part of life more and more, where the educational budgets should be devoted to rises to a hot topic. Some people hold the view that money is supposed to be put into classes and libraries, while others believe that an equal amount of financial support should be given to sports and social activities at universities and colleges. From my perspective, sports and social activities make a complete campus life together with classes and libraries, so I firmly agree with the statement.First of all, playing sports makes a person healthy and energetic to face the future challenges. It can be seen everywhere that more and more students wear glasses, and too much reading along with facing computers for a long time makes it even worse. Then they may suffer from rye problems or other physical diseases. The only way of improving this case is to encourage them to take some time relaxing in sports. Furthermore, playing a ball game together is the best method to promote teamwork spirit. After a period of playing together, members will develop a way to solve problems and achieve their common goal. Therefore, sports strengthen one’s body as well as enhance the spirit of teamwork.Besides, social activities can help foster abilities that students cannot gain during classes orself-studying. Though being smart and diligent, some students are called pedants because of not being able to exchange ideas with others freely. Only if a person is equipped with knowledge and is capable of expressing it can he become competent. So, it is significant for them to take part in social activities with the aim of lifting their communication skills. When pedants are forced to talking with others, it’s a great chance for them to make new friends and express their thoughts, which may be an opportunity for their future career.Last but not the least is that the places provided for sports and social activities are in need of money. It is common that the school will spend a large sum of money to purchase updated books and facilities to fulfill the requirements of classes and libraries. However, finding a suitable place to play sports or hold social activities is always hard. Take my university as an example, if I want to read a book, I can easily find a seat in the library, but if I want to run for half an hour, the crowded gym will just turn me into an upset mood. Then, requiring the same amount of financial support to ameliorate the condition is just reasonable.In a nutshell, financial support should be contributed to sports and social activities just like classes and libraries, for they help with strengthening bodies, making progress in communication skills and they are in shortage of fund.TPO29With the rapid development of society, more and more elites are required for advance science and technology. So how to improve the quality of higher education becomes an emergency problem for universities. Improve the facilities and equipments,design attracting courses,introducing famous professors,elevate salaries for professors or provide more resources for students like holding international communicating meetings,all these strategies will solve the problem. So I think universities should prefer to take multiple methods to improve the quality of education rather than just spending money on professors.As a boast enrollment in universities nowadays,there are so many students attend college that willrequire more funding and resource. Universities should employ more faculties,purchase more facilities to cope with the increase population in campus. Only that happens that every student will get equal chance to gain knowledge and share the colorful campus life. For instance,when I was a fresh student in my college,owing to so many students want to study in library that I need get up early and rush the way to get a seat. Limited seats in the library influences students’ study passion which leads to the decline of the quality of education in the end. So I think the most important thing to improve quality of education is to make the facilities prefect.What’s more,universities should hold some international communicating meetings and introduce professors who are talented,knowledgeable and prestigious. So students can brave more opportunities to share the advanced achievements directly and communicate with the professors who are famous in their interested field. I think that will inspire students’ creativity,intelligence and imagenation which need in the college study,then they will contribute more to the university and the society.Admittedly,universities should increase the salaries for professors. A college teacher is more responsible for the quality of education because college life maybe the last stage of students’ study period before taking a job. What can a student do depend on what knowledge and skills they gained from school and from professors. So professors will be more dedicated to their work with high pay which leads to more useful people graduate from school.All in all,if universities have enough money they should take variety ways to improve the quality of education,especially what I mentioned above.二、工作TPO20We are all interested to find out how successful people gain success. A majority of people claim that successful people tend to take risks and avoid only doing what they have already know. This statement is somewhat reliable since successful people indeed do something unusual. However, their unusual behavior is based on things that have been known for a long time.Let’s take Albert Einstein as the first example. As we all know, he invented the theory of Quantum Mechanics, which is so different from what we have already known in physics. This theory led to his personal success in the field of theoretical physics. However, almost all of us ignore the fact that he also did really well in traditional physics. He made his discovery based on his research on traditional physics. A more recent example is Steve Jobs, who is the chief executive officer of Apple. We usually oversee his achievement in the innovative Apple. We usually oversee his achievement in the innovative Apple system and applications. In fact, without deep knowledge of basic computer system or electronic devices, he cannot put his innovation into use. Actually, successful people do take risks after they have done what they have known for sure.Basic things can provide proof for innovative actions. Before taking risks, we just need to evaluate the risks and its proof. Anything in the world should have solid proof, or it can never become reality. To become successful, we just need to learn better about basic things, or things we have already known well, in the first place. Just as Steve and Albert, suppose they have no background knowledge at all, how can they take risks challenging?Another importance of things we know is that they can provide some enlightens. By the time we do things that are quite familiar well, we can easily find out their limitations and come out with some methods of improvement. Einstein first did his research on lights, which is so familiar with people at time, and find out some limitations of the characters of lights. Without backgroundinformation, we just cannot see the little faults, let alone take risks doing something unusual.All in all, people who get final success actually do try things and take risks, but actually their risky behavior is based on what they have already know well. So the basic step for their success is to do familiar things well. This must be the philosophy of any successful people, and, is should also be the philosophy of any successful people, and, is should also be the philosophy of all of us as well.三、青年TPO25Since the end of last century, a lot of criticism of the young generation has diffused trough out the world. T ill now those young people have been yet labeled as “selfish”, “apathetic” and “lazy”. Particularly, someone point out that, the youth are tepid in their participant in community activities. However, such a presumptuous judgment neglects the simultaneous change of human society, and deliberately covers the contributions made by the young.Decades ago, frequent exchanges within one community were significantly in need as to ensure the quality of people’s daily life. The youth regarded as the most energetic group, therefore, should take more responsibilities to contribute to the whole community. Whereas, time has changed, with the boom of service industry and the great development of artificial intelligence, people became more autonomic-we are not like people before need much physical help from our neighbors. For example, before, the old in one community might need young people to take care of their daily life. But recently, we have more service agencies to look after the old. Staffs there are well educated and have rich professional knowledge about how to take account of the aged. Moreover, people are liberated from tedious housework-we have cleaners to sweep the floor and dishwasher to wash the dirty plates, and, those artificial machines are also easy-use for the old. In this sense, people now are more independent than ever before, and need less help from the outside. Hence, it could be understandable that the youth reduce their work time in the communities.Although the development of technology and a finer division of labor free us from some bland work in a community, young people attempt to contribute more to the community and do what they could do as they are. If we look around, we could find those cherubic teenagers active in kindergarten, nursing home and orphanage-playing with kid, accompanying the lonely lad and brining their own books and clothes to those orphans. For instance, several friends of mine, even though they are quite busy with their academic study, they still keep going to a nursing home every weekend to cook with that ole, and have lunch together. Also, they go to a local kindergarten each month to play with those kids: teach them drawing and recognizing the national flags. The youth are doing more than we expect, and they do care about the others especially those who are vulnerable. therefore，it would be prejudicial and unfair if we yet claim that the young people nowadays have not put in the time to their communities, and ignoring effort they made.Society should be more lenient to the youth, at least, not harsh. On one hand, we should understand the change of the world, and the potential influence such a change might bring to our life. We could not falsely conclude the development of our human society into complain about the teenagers. On the other hand, we should notice and admit every attempt made by the young people they are doing their best.四、儿童TPO34It is universally acknowledged that various technologies such as cell phone, online games, andsocial networking Web sites play a more important role on in education than before. In my opinion, I disagree with the statement that nowadays it is more difficult to educate children than in the past because children can take advantage of those high-technologies to enhance their study.First and foremost, compared to in the past, at present the cell phone can is enabled to create a good positive effect on children’s study. Thanks to various of advanced software on the cell phone, student find it not difficult to grasp the most scientific leaning methods. Off instance, in the past, children learned the new words by the text book without audio format, which led to the children couldn’t speak the words with correct pronunciations children’s false pronunciations or even mute English; while today, children can are allowed to study those new words by the cell phone and they can imitate the native speaker’s voice through the audio format in the cell phone. As a result, more and more children can speak English fluently. From this fact, we can learn that the cell phone makes educating children much easier and comprehensive than before.Furthermore, teaching children is easier than before by the way of the obvious benefit that playing online games which can cultivate children’s ability of cooperation cannot be ignored. Through competing and interacting with others in the online games which can be called as a miniature of society, children can experience a sense of cooperation and responsibility intangibly. For example, due to the limitation of real situation, children had few opportunities to practice the ability of cooperation before. Nevertheless, it is much easier today, since in an online game, children are assigned to different tasks. Only when they cooperate well, can they get final success. From this experience, children can have a sense of teamwork, which cannot be learned from the class. This example tells us. Obviously, in the modern society, children have kinds of chances to practice their cooperation’s ability as a result of internet, which is better for their education.Finally, contract to the past, today social networking can expend children’s horizon, which is also beneficial for their education. Various information filling in the web provides children with more broaden world without stepping outside. For example, ten years ago, with limited technology, only through travel can children learn different cultures and languages. However, it spent cost more money and more time; what’s more, children were too young to go for a trip by themselves. So it was not easy to come true. But today, children just need to sit in front of the computer and type some key words through Google, and then they can get plenty of information as they want immediately. In addition, children can learn other countries’ culture and languages by watching the video online. Consequently, we can realize that social network Web site is a useful way to educate children.In a nutshell, I strongly disagree with the statement. With the advanced technology like cell phone, online games, and social networking Web site it can facilitate children’s education and help them be successful easier more easily in their future.五、社会TPO04At first I would say I disagree with the statement according to which the use of cars would decrease in the following twenty years. Indeed, the world’s population is expected to grow drastically in the next decades. Population in Western countries is likely to grow at the same pace it is growing today, but the most important contribution to the global population growth will certainly come from developing countries. And to my opinion, a growth in the use of cars will accompany this growth in population. People in developed countries are largely accustomed to using cars, therefore a great change in habits would be needed to curb the growth in cars use. Moreover, studies show that people live further and further from their work place, and therefore have to use their car more often. As for developing countries, a rapid economic growth is expectedto along with population growth in a good deal of countries. These countries are likely to reach the development level of Western countries within the next couple of decades. Unless these countries can develop their own pattern, which I doubt, they will use more and more cars. Nevertheless, some hope remains that the growth in the use of cars can be slowed in the future. People and governments are becoming more and more aware of environmental issues linked to the use of cars, and some experiments aiming at reducing it have been conducted in some places (e.g. the toll in the London downtown, or the alternate circulation in Paris on high pollution rate days). Although these measures certainly have a positive effect on pollution and traffic. I don’t think they’re viable in the long run. To curb environmental problems linked to cars, the only solution is to develop new clean technologies. This way pollution rates would drop, but we would still use more and more cars. So as for traffic in big cities in twenty years, I’m very pessimistic!六、媒体TPO08Coincident with most people’s notion is my heartfelt belief that television advertising directed toward young children should not be allowed. Since the advent of television, advertising has permeated every corner and every minute of our life. It is not uncommon to observe the large amounts of television advertising aiming at innocent young children. My reasons for opposing advertising directed toward young children are as follows.In the first place, advertising may waste money and cause emotional torture of parents when they fail to fulfill their children’s unreasonable demands. However, nowadays, regardless, of what children’s true need, most of advertising are promoting a large number of products that is useless of unsuitable to children. For example, when a family is having a pleasant dinner together on Christmas Eve, a cartoon figure- lion king would appear on screen and hold a tub of popcorn to attract children’s attention. It is a typical advertising strategy-host sale. By combining popular cartoon figures and products, advertising could draw children’s attention and achieve a better sale. However, it may cause some problems; first, some children may be easy to be drawn into the content in the advertising; second, if children are attracted by it and they insist on purchasing it while parents consider the products as a piece of meaning less junk, cry and screams could drive their parents crazy. Therefore, advertising could cause problems not only for children to understand but also may bother and upset their parents.Furthermore, advertising could mislead children for major goal of most of advertisings is to make profits whereas children between age two to five lack ability of understanding and judgment. Children are easily influenced by outside world, and admittedly television advertising play a negative role in this aspect for they tend to exaggerate the advantage of their products. For example, my two-year old younger brother is attracted to Transformer, Spiderman and Superman models. In his mind, these toys are magic, fantastic and powerful as imparted by advertising. In fact, they cannot fly, climb mountains or save people’s life. Some two year old boys even are just babbling instead of speaking clearly, not to mention identifying misleading messages conveyed in the advertisings. Thus, these advertising has misled and distorted children’s vision toward reality. All in all, though there are some undeniable benefits of advertising for children; for example, advertising could open an amazing world of imagination and innovation for children by informing them what a fabulous Barbie or a magnificent castle is. However, these advantages could be ignored when its disadvantages are taken into consideration. It would mislead the children, distort their vision toward reality and even cause quarrels and financial burdens for parents.七、家庭TPO13The extended family was of great importance in the good old days, but is it still of great importance in our modern society? In my point of view, though the extended family is still important, it is really less important that it was before because of the development of the new society.One of the important uses of the extended family is to help with family affairs and housework. Meanwhile, nowadays people tend to turn to the community service to help with housework. Under this circumstance, we can hire someone else, who doesn’t belong to our whole family, to help us with family work. For instance, my mom was brought up with the help of her grandparents. But I was taken care of by the baby-sitter, whom may parents hired from the community service center. The community service center provides good service with a reasonable price.Another important thing that extended family can to is to provide information to and educate family members. However, in the modern society, we have schools to get our education. We have several methods, such as Television and Internet, to get information. These are resources which can be easily had access to. We do not depend on our family members to get knowledge of the world we live in any longer.In addition, nowadays people tend to live alone with their small care family rather than live with many family members within a big family. Therefore, we have our own circle of communication and we have less in common between different families. Taking my own family as an example, my family and my uncles are living in the different cities. We usually get together only on Spring Festival. We have different friends and interest, so some times we just find it hard to have something in common. Thus, if we really have something in trouble, we can hardly turn to them for help.All in all, although extended family is still essential to us to some extent it is less useful with the development of the modern society. The importance of extended family is now fading.八、生活方式TPO37With the pace of live speeding up, people usually need to do several things at the same time to gain high efficiency. However, some people argue that they can’t produce high-quality results when they need to cope with different things in the meantime. From my point of view, I suppose that one can do several things together given a well-scheduled plan and good sense of responsibility.To begin with, the determinant factor of achievement is one’s effort rather than the number of things he is doing. A person who owns strong sense of responsibility can handle several tough tasks at the same time. In contrast, if he isn’t willing to make a good effort, his work will be ended up in a mess even if only one task is given to him once. People who believe that one can never handle different things at the same time ignore the power of subjective initiative ans human potential. Undoubtedly, we can’t expect a person to handle hundreds of things during a short period, but it is possible for most of us to deal with several missions well in the meantime. Furthermore, another crucial element which will influence one’s work results is his ability to make comprehensive arrangements. It will become much easier for a man who can properly allocate his time to solve concurrent problems. Comprehensive consideration will contribute a lot to the good accomplishment of multiple simultaneous projects. The techniques about properly scheduling cannot only eliminate the waste of time but also economize our input of energy. Take this case for example: with a bottle filled with cold water and raw coffee beans, how can you make yourself a cup of coffee as quickly as possible? The best plan is to prepare coffee beans while waiting for cold water to boil instead of handling the coffee beans after water is heat up. It is a convincing example recovering the importance of comprehensive arrangements.Last but not least, sometimes different missions can have mutual promotion to each other. For example, college students who have both a math major and a finance minor will to further into both subjects. Math can provide a more solid foundation to finance can offer application opportunities to the principles of mathematics. The interaction between two subjects deepens students understanding to both of them.To sum up, it is feasible for us to do a couple of things together without spoiling any of them. Provided a carefully arranged time schedule and a high sense of responsibility, most of us can cope with several tasks in the meantime. In addition, we can sometimes get mutual promotion when there are related missions.九、科技TPO09Are our kids becoming lazier and less creative, less imaginable than before as a consequence of highly advanced technology? My answer is no, and just the opposite, technology has apparently assisted our kids to become more creative.First and foremost, technology has provided children with easy access to scientific and liberal are resources which are their best source of inspiration. For example, children could now easily gain access to academic databases through iPad screen, read classical works on Kindle, or watch historic documents on Internet. These great works are essentially helpful to arousing their curiosity and prepares them with key knowledge necessary for any creation. However, these wonderful equipment’s and facilities are never as handy in the past, when kids could only reach limited resources in public libraries or schools. In this sense, technology has provided the possibility for children to be more creative.Second, technology has equipped children with professional apparatus which could finally realize their imagination. This takes form particularly as computer software and applications, such as Photoshop for creative graphic design, Overture for easily composing a piece of music, 3DMAX for building up a virtual world, etc. All the softwares were never as handy as they are at present, and this would absolutely provide our children an effective tool for realizing their creativity.Third, technology itself is a market place where creative ideas are economically encouraged. Steve Jobs earned millions of dollars a year for his unparalleled creation, and Mark Zuchberg gained his reputation for the genius social network. Therefore, technology has provided children the internal motive to develop their creativity.However, it is undeniable that technology might make children become lazier and be comfortable with what is already available because everything is so convenient nowadays and there seems to be no way to improve them. Children lost in pc games or blindly pursuing every single piece of tech apparatus is a relevant example. Thus, it is always necessary to keep children’s mind active in the marvelous world of technology.In a nutshell, I still regard children as becoming increasingly creative in technology development, although it might bring minor side effect. As long as we keep a balanced mood on children enjoying the fruit of technology, they are sure to contribute more to innovation than in the past.十、抽象TPO02With some changes of social values nowadays, the importance of always telling the truth in relationship is questioned among the public. However, as far as I am concerned, I still strongly believe that always telling the truth is the most important consideration in relationships. Generally, telling the truth helps to build up and maintain trust for work and love.First of all, always telling the truth creates trust between clients and companies, between employers and employees, and among colleagues. For instance, when I was an intern at an insurance company, I heard from my manager about an event which caused a lot of loss to our company. There was a client whose car was hit in an accident. According to his contract with our company, he could receive little insurance payment. However, in order to get more money, this client lied to prevent our employees from investigating the scene. He took the pictures of his “broken” car, and he changed some details of the pictures on his computer for exaggerating his loss in that accident. As a result, our company paid him a great deal of money. Later, our company realized the scandal and accused him for his crime. He finally got severe punishment and lost support from all insurance companies. Although this client was punished for his misdeeds, our company suffered great loss in the whole case. Therefore, telling the truth is the most important consideration in at work, for it not only helps to build up trust between new business partners, but also maintain trust between new business partners, but also maintains treasuring the cooperation, which brings more benefits and convenience at work. Telling lies at work may badly effect the cooperation at work, or even make oneself involve in more serious troubles.Secondly, love also requires telling the truth. Love is a kind of fantastic affection which brings two strangers together or even leads them to be a couple. Therefore, telling the truth is the most important consideration in this relationship, because it creates and maintains trust between lovers or couples, which can keep their love or marriage for longer time. It is quite common that one of the lovers tells lies to the other, which destroys their love or even their marriage. If a man meets a female friend by himself in the evening, but he tells his girlfriend or wife that he worked overtime, the result may turns out rather terrible when his girlfriend or wife knows the truth later. This man may tell white lie to avoid some meaningless quarrel, but this actually triggers more misunderstanding. Therefore, telling the truth at first-time is more appropriate and correct to maintain a relationship, especially the relationship of love. Telling the truth should always be the most important consideration in love. And the worry about its results can be removed by the techniques of telling the truth.It is understandable that some people think that always telling the truth may hurt people’s feelings. If a doctor tells his patient the truth that he is diagnosed with cancer, these patients may lose his hope and give up this life easily. In this circumstance, telling the truth seems not appropriate. However, if telling the truth more euphemistically, the patient may accept his disease more easily. Nevertheless, telling the truth to the patient’s family is still a right decision. Therefore, telling the truth is still a very important consideration in relationships.All in all, always telling the truth is the most important consideration in relationships, for it creates and maintains trust among people, which brings more harmony and peace to the whole society.十一、政府TPO36Along with the rapid development of our society, people tend to attach more and more。

2. Wind pollinationPollen, a powdery substance, which is produced by flowering plants and contains male reproductive cells, is usually carried from plant to plant by insects or birds, but some plants rely on the wind to carry their pollen. Wind pollination is often seen as being primitive and wasteful in costly pollen and yet it is surprisingly common, especially in higher latitudes. Wind is very good at moving pollen a long way; pollen can be blown for hundreds of kilometers, and only birds can get pollen anywhere near as far. The drawback is that wind is obviously unspecific as to where it takes the pollen. It is like trying to get a letter to a friend at the other end of the village by climbing onto the roof and throwing an armful of letters into the air and hoping that one will end up in the friend's garden. For the relatively few dominant tree species that make up temperate forests, where there are many individuals of the same species within pollen range, this is quite a safe gamble. If a number of people in the village were throwing letters off roofs, your friend would be bound to get one. By contrast, in the tropics, where each tree species has few, widely scattered individuals, the chance of wind blowing pollen to another individual is sufficiently slim that animals are a safer bet as transporters of pollen. Even tall trees in the tropics are usually not wind pollinated despite being in windy conditions. In a similar way, trees in temperate forests that are insect pollinated tend to grow as solitary, widely spread individuals.Since wind-pollinated flowers have no need to attract insects or other animals, they have dispensed with bright petals, nectar, and scent. These are at best a waste and at worst an impediment to the transfer of pollen in the air The result isinsignificant-looking flowers and catkins (dense cylindrical clusters of small, petalless flowers).Wind pollination does, of course, require a lot of pollen. ■ Birch and hazel trees can produce 5.5 and 4 million grains per catkin, respectively. ■There are various adaptations to help as much of the pollen go as far as possible. ■ Most deciduous wind-pollinated trees (which shed their leaves every fall) produce their pollen in the spring while the branches are bare of leaves to reduce the surrounding surfaces that “compete" with the stigmas (the part of the flower that receives the pollen) for pollen. ■Evergreen conifers, which do not shed their leaves, have less to gain from spring flowering, and, indeed, some flower in the autumn or winter.Pollen produced higher in the top branches is likely to go farther: it is windier (and gustier) and the pollen can be blown farther before hitting the ground. Moreover, dangling catkins like hazel hold the pollen in until the wind is strong enough to bend them, ensuring that pollen is only shed into the air when the wind is blowing hard. Weather is also important. Pollen is shed primarily when the air is dry to prevent too much sticking to wet surfaces or being knocked out of the air by rain. Despite these adaptations, much of the pollen fails to leave the top branches, and only between 0.5 percent and 40 percent gets more than 100 meters away from the parent. But once this far, significant quantities can go a kilometer or more. Indeed, pollen can travel many thousands of kilometers at high altitudes. Since all this pollen is floating around in the air, it is no wonder that wind-pollinated trees are a major source of allergies.Once the pollen has been snatched by the wind, the fate of the pollen isobviously up to the vagaries of the wind, but not everything is left to chance. Windbome pollen is dry, rounded, smooth, and generally smaller than that of insect-pollinated plants. But size is a two-edged sword. Small grains may be blown farther but they are also more prone to be whisked past the waiting stigma because smaller particles tend to stay trapped in the fast-moving air that flows around the stigma. But stigmas create turbulence, which slows the air speed around them and may help pollen stick to them.1. The word "drawback" in the passage is closest in meaning toO other side of the issueO objectionO concernO problem2. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about pollen production? O Pollen production requires a significant investment of energy and resources on the part of the plant.O The capacity to produce pollen in large quantities is a recent development in the evolutionary history of plants.O Plants in the tropics generally produce more pollen than those in temperate zones. O The highest levels of pollen production are found in plants that depend on insects or birds to carry their pollen.3. According to paragraph 1, wind-pollinated trees are most likely to be foundO in temperate forestsO at lower latitudesO in the tropicsO surrounded by trees of many different species4. Paragraph 1 supports which of the following as the reason animals are a safer bet than wind as pollinators when the individual trees of a species are widely separated? O Animals tend to carry pollen from a given flower further than the wind does.O Animals serve as pollinators even where there is little wind to disperse the pollen. O An animal that visits a flower is likely to deliberately visit other flowers of the same species and pollinate them.O Birds and insects fly in all directions, not just the direction the wind is blowing at a given moment.5. In paragraph 1, the author compares pollen moved by wind with letters thrown off roofs in order toO explain why there are relatively few species of trees that depend on wind pollination O compare natural, biological processes with human social practicesO make a point about the probability of wind-blown pollen reaching a tree of the same speciesO argue against the common assumption that the tallest trees are the most likely to employ wind pollination6. Paragraph 2 suggests that wind-pollinated plants do not have bright petals, nectar, and scent for which TWO of the following reasons? To receive credit, you must select TWO answers.□ They interfere with pollination by wind.□ They are easily damaged by wind.□ They are unnecessary.□ They reduce the amount of pollen that can be produced.7. The word "respectively” in the passage is closest in meaning toO over timeO separatelyO in that orderO consistently8.According to paragraph 3, why do most deciduous wind-pollinated trees produce their pollen in the spring?O To avoid competing with evergreen conifers, which flower in the fall or winterO So that the leaves of the trees receiving the pollen will not prevent the pollen from reaching the trees' stigmasO Because they do not have enough energy to produce new leaves and pollen at the same timeO In order to take advantage of the windiest time of year9. According to paragraph 4，which of the following is NOT an adaptation that helps ensure that pollen travels as far as possible?O Pollen-producing flowers and catkins are located at or near the top of the tree.O Trees grow at least 100 meters away from each other.O Dangling catkins release pollen only when the wind is blowing hard.O Pollen is not released during rain storms or when the air is damp.10. The word "significant" in the passage is closest in meaning toO sufficientO considerableO increasingO small11. The phrase “no wonder" in the passage is closest in meaning toO unsurprisingO understandableO well-knownO unfortunate12. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.O Because smaller particles tend to stay trapped in the fast moving air, they are blown much farther than other grains.O Smaller particles are trapped by the stigma when fast-moving air flows past it.O Small particles that are whisked past the waiting stigma gain speed and are often trapped in the fast-moving air.O While smallness helps pollen travel farther, it also makes it more likely to be blown past the stigma.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.This level of volume is important to ensure that at least some of the pollen reaches target tree, but dispersing the pollen is crucial as well.Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it.To review the passage, click VIEW TEXTSome plants depend on the wind to carry their pollen.Answer ChoicesBecause there are few trees in temperate forests, it is safer to transport pollen by insects or birds.Wind pollination is a safe reproductive strategy for trees in temperate forests where there are only a few dominant species and, therefore, many individuals of the same species.Wind pollination requires production of a large amount of pollen, which must bereleased at the right time and under the right conditions to extend its range.Most wind-pollinated trees are deciduous because evergreen needles compete with the stigma for pollen, making wind pollination uncertain.Wind-pollinated plants usually have small petalless flowers which often grow in catkins that produce a very fine-grained pollen.Wind-pollinated trees must grow in regions that are only moderately windy because strong winds will blow the tiny pollen grains past the stigma.。

Conversation 11. Why does the student go to see the man?(Click on 2 answers)□ To discontinue a campus service□ To pay the fee for her campus mailbox□ To get information about mailing a package□ To pick up a package2. What does the man say about the campus mailbox service?O Its rates for all students have recently gone down.O It is the only way to receive certain mailings about university eventsO All students are required to use it.O It is more reliable than e-mail.3. How does the student usually obtain information about campus events? (Click on 2 answers)□ She reads about them on the university Web site.□ She learns about them at her place of work.□ She sees the posters on a bulletin board.□ Her roommate tells her about them.4. What does the man offer to do for the student?O Reduce the cost of renting a mailboxO Send her a form to fill outO Provide university organizations with her new addressO Deliver a package to her apartment5. Why does the student say this:O To indicate that she agrees with the manO To inform the man of a recent developmentO To prevent a misunderstandingO To support her own positionConversation 21. Why does the woman go to see the professor?O To get suggestions about what to include in her next presentationO To follow up on a question she had raised in classO To update him on a research project she is helping him organizeO To get information about a program that he had mentioned in class2. What do the speakers agree is a benefit of the build-operate-transfer economic model that they discuss?O It permits government engineers to work on private construction projects.O It helps private companies buy facilities that were built by the government.O It enables public facilities to be constructed without government funding.O It enables private companies to operate public facilities that the government builds.3. Why does the professor point out how much coffee is produced in Brazil?O To give an example of the economic model the woman is interested inO To explain why it is appropriate for him to teach a seminar about coffeeO To help clarify one of the goals of the Global Enrichment InitiativeO To correct a common misperception about Brazil's economy4. Why is the woman interested in applying to go only to Turkey? (Click on 2 answers)□□ She has been studying Turkey's history and language.□ She has already visited Brazil and Russia.□ She believes that selecting just one country will help her get accepted into the program.□ She would like to see how an economic model she studied is put into practice there.5. What does the professor imply when he says this:O He thinks that going first helped the woman be less nervous about giving a presentation.O He hopes other students will structure their presentations the way the woman did. O The woman was the first student ever to give a presentation on Turkey's economy in his class.O He is relieved that the class is staying on schedule for making presentations.。

TPO 独立写作题目TPO 1：At universities and colleges, sports and social activities are just as important as classes and libraries and should receive equal financial support.1.An increasing number of businesses have high demand for people who are not onlyspecialists in their fields, but also skilled in social interaction.2.Aside from fostering social skills and team spirit, sports and social activities can greatlyhelp students release their pressures.3.Admittedly, academic education will always be at the heart of a university.TPO 2：Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people.1.First of all, always telling the truth creates trust between clients and companies, betweenemployers and employees, and among colleagues.2.Secondly, love also requires telling the truth3.It is understandable that some people think that always telling the truth may hurt people’sfeelings.TPO 3: It is more important to keep your old friends than it is to make new friends.TPO 4: In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today.1.First of all, since the price of cars is undergoing a downward trend and people live furtherfrom their office than before, the need for driving cars is increasing.2.In addition, the public transportation is already under greater burden, as a result of whichmore people resort to driving private cars.3.Admittedly, the increasing oil price and stricter traffic regulations would, to some extent,limit the use of cars.TPO 5: People today spend too much time on personal enjoyment doing things they like to do rather than doing things they should do.TPO 6: Life today is easier and more comfortable than it was when your grandparents were children.1.Transportation2.Leisure activities3.InternetTPO 7: It is more important for students to understand ideas and concepts than it is for them to learn facts.1.Firstly, only when students know the ideas and concepts can they be able to understand thefacts.2.Secondly, ideas and concepts helps figuring out more possible solutions.3.Admittedly, learning facts can help students to understand ideas and concepts, facilitatingthe application of theories in real life.TPO 8: Television advertising directed towards young children (aged two to five) should not be allowed.1.In the first place, advertising may have parents wasted money and cause emotional tortureof parents when they fail to fulfill their children’s unreasonable demands.2.Furthermore, advertising could mislead children because the primary goal of most ofadvertising is to make profits whereas children between age tow to five lack ability of understanding and judgment.3.Admittedly, there are some undeniable benefits of advertising for children;TPO 9：Technology has made children less creative than they were in the past.1.First and foremost, technology has provided children with easy access to scientific andliberal art resources which is their best source of inspiration2.Second, technology has equipped children with professional apparatus which could finallyrealize their imagination. This takes form particularly as computer software and applications.3.Third, technology itself is a market place where creative ideas are economicallyencouraged.TPO 10：Playing computer games is a waste of time. Children should not be allowed to play them.1.First of all, playing computer games offers children great platforms to get acquainted withmore people and hone their communication and cooperation skills.2.Furthermore, playing computer games could help improve children’s intelligenc e.3.What’s more, playing computer games can be a good way to relax.TPO 11: Some people say that the Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information. Others think access to too much information creates problems.1.The internet has provided underprivileged people with learning materials that they wouldotherwise be unable to access2.Additionally, the internet has also granted us a lot of daily conveniences.3.Admittedly, this sudden availability of information is, of course, not without itscosts….h owever, I believe that distracting websites are not a problem as long as the individual has self-controlTPO 12: it is better to have broad knowledge of many academic subjects than to specialize in one specific subject.1.First of all, many top 500 businesses have higher demand for talents with versatileeducational background.2.Moreover, the distinctions lie in subjects are quite often unclear—many of them areinterrelated.3.Admittedly, focusing only on one subject field leaves an individual with enough time to diginto the advanced part of the subject.TPO 13: The extended family (grandparents, cousins, aunts, and uncles) is less important now than it was in the past.1.First of all, due to the advanced transportation system in this information age, people dotravel a lot and many of them choose to move to another city, or even another country, to obtain more job opportunities or better life quality.2.Apart from this, with the accelerating pace of life, people are burdened with much morepressure than ever before.3.Specially, an exceptional phenomenon is worth our attention in china I come from.TPO 14: People benefit more from traveling in their own country than from traveling to foreign countries.TPO 15: In order to become financially responsible adults, children should learn to manage their own money at young age1.On one hand, learning to manage money can enable a child to value every penny he/shepossesses.2.On the other hand, children can learn various kinds of skills, such as making budget, whenthey take efforts to manage their money.3.Admittedly, some children are able to cultivate their money managing skill at an older age. TPO 16: The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide.TPO 17: Most advertisements make products seem much better than they really are.1.Many advertisements now are produced with great investment in visual and audiotechnologies, constructing an exciting, fantastic world to allure customers.2.Moreover, nowadays manufacturers tend to invite celebrities, who know nothing about theproducts, to recommend their goods in advertisement.3.Some other emerging techniques have been adopted to exaggerate the quality of products.For example, advertisers would find someone acting as the real users of the product.TPO 18: Students are more influenced by their teachers than by their friends.1.Primarily, friends are about the same age, so their experiences are similar to an individualstudent.2.Moreover, less chances are provided for students to discuss with teachers—many teacherswill leave the classroom as soon as the class is over.3.Admittedly, sometimes students may need teachers’ help, especially when they are facingwith studying issues.TPO 19: In order to be well-informed, a person must get information from many different news resources.1.First of all, different types of media do have their own “niche”—that is, each of themtargets different groups of readers and focus on a specific field.2.In addition, relying on limited news sources is not reliable. It is quite common for somemedia to fabricate or exaggerate facts in order to attract more readers.3.Admittedly, too much information would, sometimes, be overwhelming. (wang baoqiang ) TPO 20: Successful people try new things and take risks rather than only doing what they know how to do well.1.To begin with, successful people are willing to adopt new ideas and technologies. Thisenable them to lead the trend rather than following other’s steps, obtaining pioneer’s competitive advantages. (ma yun)2.In addition, people may miss a lot of opportunities for success if they do not try new things.It is quite often that a new profession or a new environment might provide people with unexpected experience, contributing to their success. (cao kefan)3.Admittedly, doing what people already know how to do well can bring them with someadvantages.TPO 21: For success in a future job, the ability to relate well to people is more important than studying hard in school.1.To gain success in our future career, people have to build up solid knowledge base forcertain fields.2.Moreover, comparing with getting well related with others, more skills can be cultivated inthe process of studying hard3.Admittedly, getting well related with others can help people broaden their social network,facilitating their communication and cooperation with others.TPO 22: Teachers should not make their social or political views known to students in the classroom.1.Those teachers express their social and political opinions on the classes could reducestudents’ studying efficiencies.2.In addition, many students are not mature enough to form their own conception about thesociety, the globe and any other matters.3.Admittedly, some teachers are capable of stimulating students to brainstorm and expresstheir own opinions by discussing social of political issues.TPO 23：In today’s world, it is more important to work quickly and risk making mistakes than to work slowly and make sure that everything is correct.1.Timing is so critical. Slower reaction to changes may lead people to miss importantopportunities; on the contrary, pioneers are often granted with huge competitive advantages.2.Moreover, it is hard to make sure everything is in perfect condition. That is, many variablesmay contribute to some unfavorable conditions, fouling up all you’ve p lanned.3.Admittedly, serious errors should be avoided when increasing the productivityTPO 24：One of the best ways that parents can help their teenage children prepare for adult life is to encourage them to take a part-time job.1.Children are able to involve more in social activities, cultivating their social skills whentake part-time jobs.2.By doing part-time jobs, children can have better understanding of specific subjects,figuring out the gap between theories and practice.3.In addition, profound part-time experience can help students figure out their real interests. TPO 25：Young people nowadays do not give enough time to helping their communities.1.The youth today are faced with a great amount of pressure, much greater than that ofprevious generations.ck of communication between young people and the community drives the youth todayfurther away from contributing to community3.Less devotion to community may be greatly attributed to the weaker awareness of altruism. TPO 26：It is better for children to choose jobs that are similar to their parents’ jobs than to choose jobs that are very different from their parents’ jobs.1.It paves an easier way to success for children. Children who engages in similar occupationswith their parents can at least inherit the experiences of the parents.2. A similar career is likely to strengthen the parent-child bondst but not the least, to choose a similar job as the parent is actually a conservation ofsocial resourcesTPO 27：If people have the opportunity to get a secure job, they should take it right away rather than wait for a job that may be more satisfying.1.To begin with, a secure job provides more guarantee since it’s much easier to be found.2.It is very likely that a secure job may become a satisfying one in the future.3.Many young people tend to hold unrealistic expectation of a so-called “satisfying job”, forwhich they are not qualified.TPO 28：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents today are more involved in their children's education than parents were in the past.1.Most of the families in china have only one child due to the one-child policy and increasinglife pressures.2.An increasing number of parents have realized that education plays a more important role inpeople’s life than in the p ast.3.Parents are forced to involve in children’s education more due to the requirements ofteachers and parents.TPO 29：To improve the quality of education, universities should spend more money on salaries for university professors.1.Universities are supposed to offer students and faculties with more advanced facilities,equipment as well as infrastructures.2.Universities should build up long-term relationship with certain businesses, in which way,students are able to take internship in related fields and apply theories into practice.3.Admittedly, salary is one of the considerations that might have an impact on some talentsdecisions about whether to work in universities, it is not the most decisive one.TPO 30：It is more enjoyable to have a job where you work only three days a week for long hours than to have a job where you work five days a week for shorter hours.1.Working three day a week means one can enjoy a more flexible schedule.2.There is an increasing tendency that many employees are forced to work overtime,sometimes even without pay.3.Admittedly, for some people such as a new mom, working shorter hours is better.TPO 31：Because the world is changing so quickly, people now are less happy or less satisfied with their lives than people were in the past.1.The inevitable problem that comes with the dramatic social transformation is the mountingpressure that tortures people virtually2.Pollutions brought about by the fast industrialization and the advance of modern technologyhave rippled through the society.3.From the aspect of humanity itself, a sad fact is that the increasingly abundant material lifehas made people more and more rapacious.TPO 32: Young people today have no influence on the important decisions that determine the future of society as a whole.1.For certain tasks and projects, only young people are qualified, since they usually have highdemand for creativity and ambitious2.Young people directly guide future direction of our society.3.Admittedly, older people are more experienced than youth, and are more possible to comeup with more feasible and reasonable ideas when confronting difficulties.TPO 33: When teachers assign projects on which students must work together, the students learn much more effectively than when they are asked to work alone on projects.1.Working in a team may enable students to solve various problems they encounter muchmore easily.2.Students tend to accomplish projects with higher efficiency within a group rather than bythemselves3.Admittedly, there are several drawbacks of working in a group.TPO 34: Educating children is a more difficult task today than it was in the past because they spend so much time on cell phone, online games, and social networking website.1.Nowadays cell phone are able to play positive effect s on children’s study.2.It cannot be denied that these high-tech devices enable children to get involved into someinnovative and interesting activities and games.3.Admittedly, some children might be too addicted to these games.TPO 35: famous entertainers and athletes deserve to have more privacy than they have now. 1.Decreasing the exposure of famous people’s daily schedule will help protect the security ofthemselves as well as their fanatic fans. (princess diana/ stampedes/traffic jam)2.On one is perfect. So are the public figures3.Children of the public characters also suffer from media’s over-exposureTPO36：spend money on young children than on universities.1.Expensive equipment2.Parents are more willing to spend money on little kids rather than on their adult one.3.Investing money into universities can get quicker returns can get quicker returns becausethe interval between university students get trained and get jobs is shorter than primary students.TPO37: busy doing so many different things, they do very few things well.1.The determinant factor of achievement is one’s effort rather than the number of things he isdoing2.Another crucial element which will influence one’s work results is his ability to makecomprehensive arrangements.3.Sometimes different missions can have mutual promotion to each other.TPO38：do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Leadership comes naturally: one cannot learn to be a leader.TPO39: do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In the past it was easier to identify what type of career or job would lead to a secure, successful future.TPO 40: Some parents offer their school-age children money for each high grade (mark) they get in school. Do you think this is a good idea?TPO 41: Teacher were more appreciated and valued by society in the past than they were nowadays.TPO42：Workers are more satisfied when they have many different types of tasks to do during the workday than when they do similar tasks all day long.TPO43：Imagine that you are in a classroom or a meeting. The teacher or the meeting leader says something incorrect In your opinion, which of the following is the best thing to do?-Interrupt and correct the mistake right away-Wait until the class or meeting is over and the people are gone, and then talk to the teacher or meeting leader -Say nothingTPO44：Some people believe that when busy parents do not have a lot of time to spend with their children, the best use of that time is to have fun playing games or sports. Others believe that it is best to use that time doing things together that are related to schoolwork. Which of the two approaches do you prefer?TPO 45: do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In the past, young people depended too much on their parents to make decisions for them; today young people are able to make decisions about their own lifes.TPO 46: do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The opinions of celebrities, such as famous entertainers and athletes, are more important to younger people than they are to older people.TPO 47: do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important to know about events happening around the world. Even if it is unlikely affect your daily life.TPO 48: do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Because modern life is very complex , it is essential for young people to have the ability to plan and organize.TPO 49: do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The ability to maintain friendships with a small number of people over a long period of time is more important for happiness than the ability to make many friends easily.TPO 50: do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All university students should be required to take history courses no matter what their field of study is.TPO 51;Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Movies and television have more negative effects than positive effects on the way young people behave.TPO 52:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The most important characteristic of a successful politician or leader is good communication skills.TPO 53:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for governments to spend money to improve Internet access than to improve public transportation. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.TPO 54: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Governments should spend more money in support of the arts than in support of athletics such as state-sponsored Olympic teams.。

tpo45task3范文(实用6篇)（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如工作总结、工作计划、合同协议、条据文书、策划方案、句子大全、作文大全、诗词歌赋、教案资料、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays for everyone, such as work summaries, work plans, contract agreements, doctrinal documents, planning plans, complete sentences, complete compositions, poems, songs, teaching materials, and other sample essays. If you want to learn about different sample formats and writing methods, please stay tuned!tpo45task3范文(实用6篇)tpo45task3范文第1篇Reading Part:Method of LociSpecial techniques， or memory devices， are oftenused to help us recall information.One technique， the method of loci (.，method of location)，isparticularly helpful for remembering several pieces ofinformation in a particular order.To use thistechnique， we first imagine a familiar place such asa building or an outdoor area.This familiar place should have a series of landmarks or locationswithin it that we can imagine walking past in a predictable ，logical order.Once the landmarkshave been identified in a given order， we assign one piece of the information that we want tolater recall to each location.The information should be assigned in the order in which we wantto remember it.To later recall the new information in order， we imagine walking through thefamiliar place，recalling what is stored at each location along the way.Question:Using the professor’s eXample， eXplain how the method of loci is used to recall information in sequence.范文：Method of Loci is particularly helpful for remembering several pieces of information in a particular order.In the lecture， the professor uses learning the names of planets in order by distance from the sun as an eXample to illustrate this method.In order to do this， you memorize the landmarks from the dormitory to the student center.The first landmark is the front door of your dorm， which you assign as the Mercury， the closest planet to the sun.The second landmark is the tree in front of your dorm， which you assign as Venus.And the third landmark is the statue in front of the library， which you assign as Earth.In this way， when you take a test and have to write down the order of the planets from the Sun， you will recall the planet according to the association with the landmarks.tpo45task3范文第2篇Listen to a conversation between two studentsM : Hey， Sara， how is it going.W : Not great.Its the student film Ive beendirecting.You know that project Ive been working onfor my film class.M : Right.You said you were directing a film.Sowhats wrong?W : Well， the project is due in two days.We aresupposed to film a final scene today.But its raining.The scene is supposed to be set outsidewith two characters talking in thepark on a beautiful sunny day.M : Oh on.What are you gonna do?W: Well， I could rewrite the scene I guess.I could revise it so it takes place inside the buildinginstead.Maybe here in the student center or somewhere.M : Why dont you do that?W : I could， but， I am happy with the scene as its written now.The film has an optimistichappy ending.Thats why I want the last scene of the movie to be outside on a bright sunnyday because it sets a positive mood.M : Oh， I see.Well， the weather is supposed to be better tomorrow， sunny and warm.Whydont you film that scene tomorrow instead?W : Thought of that too.But since the project should due the day after tomorrow， I wasplanning on using tomorrow to review the film and do any final ending and， you know， all thelast minutes details.M : Thats true.There wouldnt much time for that.W: Yeah， filming tomorrow might mean turning in my project to my professor thats not aspolished， not as good Id like it to be.Question:Briefly summarize the problem the speakers arediscussing.Then state which solution you wouldrecommend.EXplain the reasons for yourrecommendation.范文：The woman is directing a film project which is due in two days.She is supposed to film a scene today but it is raining.In the conversation， they talk about two solutions.The first solution is that she rewrites the scene， but she is happy with the scene as it’s written now because it sets a positive mood.The second solution is that she films it tomorrow， when the weather is better.But she is just planning on using tomorrow to review the film and do any final ending.Well， I would recommend her to choose the second solution.She can tell her professor about the situation and ask for an eXtension， in this way， she can not only still use the scene that has been written but also have enough time to make the project polished.tpo45task3范文第3篇Listen to part of a lecture in a Marine BiologyclassSo weve talked a little about how fish use senses likevision，touch.But what I want to talk about now is aspecial ability some fish have，the ability to produceelectricity in their bodies.You are probably familiarwith these fish， these fishthat send out electriccurrents from their bodies naturally.So whats thepurpose of this.Well， as you might eXpect， it can serve some important roles in helping fishsurvive.First， fish， like all animals， need food to survive.Well，the ability to produce electricity helpsome fish to catch some prey.You know， other organisms in the water that they eat.Take theelectric eel for eXample， the eel produces a strong electric current in its body.When the eelcomes into contact with one of the smaller fish it depends on for food， the electric current thatit sends out， shocks the smaller fish and paralyzes it.It s not able to get away from the eel.The eel captures the fish easily and can eat it at its leisure.So this ability to use the electricityto capture prey ensures that the eel gets the food in need to survive.The ability to produce electricity also helps fish to successfully navigate their environmentby detecting nearby objectssome fish have poorly developed eyes and the water they live in canbe muddy and dark.Now there is the fish called the knifefish that produces electricity.Thiscreates an electric field around the knifefishs body.When a knifefish swims close to， say， a rock， it senses the disturbance， and interferes its electric field.The fish then realizes there is a rocknearbyand that it has to avoid crashing into it.Once this happens，the knifefish swings theway from the rock and also avoids harming itself.Question:Using the eXamples of the electric eel and the knifefish，eXplain how producing electricity benefits certain fish.范文：In the lecture， the professor talks about a special ability that fish has to produce electricity in their bodies.First，the ability to produce electricity helps some fish to capture prey.Take the electric eel for eXample.It can produce a strong electric current in its body.When it comes into contact with the smaller fish it depends on for food， it sends out electric current which shocks the smaller fish and paralyzes it.Second，the ability to produce electricity also helps fish to successfully navigate their environment by detecting nearby objects.Take knifefish for eXample.The fish creates an electric field around its body.When the knifefish swims close to a rock， it sends a disturbance.Then the fish realizes the rock nearby and avoid crashing into it.想要下载托福TPO大全的同学，请提交“姓名+电话+邮箱”，我们将于2小时内发送给你，周末节假日有延迟，请见谅!tpo45task3范文第4篇题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Artists and musicians are important to a society.Use details and eXamples to eXplain your answer.话题：lifestyle生活方式范文：Yes， I agree with the statement that artists and musicians are significant to a society.My reasons are as follows.Firstly，artists and musicians can make the society more colorful by enriching the variety of culture.Secondly， people can benefit a lot from the works of artists and musicians.For eXample， they can draw some pictures or listen to some favorite music to have a good relaXation after a day’s hardwork.tpo45task3范文第5篇题目：Which of the following qualities do you think is most important for a university student to be successful?●Highly motivated●Hard working●IntelligentChoose one of these qualities and eXplain why it is important.话题：person人物范文：Personally speaking， highly motivated quality is the most important for a university student to be successful.There are two reasons for this.Firstly， if a student is highly motived，he or she will have a strong ambition and set a goal for the future，which is a prerequisite for success.Secondly，students with highly motivated quality often participate in various kinds of social activities and work efficiently， which will lay a solid foundation for their future career development.tpo45task3范文第6篇阅读部分：Close the CoffeehouseLike many people， I was happy when the universityopened a coffeehouse.A good coffeehouse is a perfectplace to meet people or to study while having acoffee.Unfortunately， our coffeehouse usually empty， so it is not a good place to meet people.And thelighting there is very poor， so it is not a good place to study， either.A coffeehouse seemed likea great idea，but it just has not worked out， and the time has come for the university to close it.Sincerely，Marvin BakerListening 部分:W : I disagree with this idea.M : Why? It doesnt sound like its doing very muchbusiness?W: Its probably because it goes during the day butin the evening.M : Oh， people go.W : A lot of people.Students are really busy during the day with classes， jobs， studying.Goodnight places are often preformed.Students get together there all the time.M : Really?W: Yeah.Its not until night time students actually have a time to sit down and relaX， you know ， enjoy hot drink， getting something to eat or hanging out or reading for class.M : so you cant read there.W : yeah， I mean its right.That used to be a problem.But recently they did some renovationsand now I think the lighting is as good as it is in the library.M : really?W : yeah， and now just that there are few tables.Just divide every tables got good lightingnow.M : Sounds like this guy does nobodys talking about.W : Definitely not.Question:The woman eXpresses her opinion on the proposal to close the coffeehouse.EXplain the proposal and the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.范文：The student proposes that the university to close the coffeehouse because it is usually very empty and the lighting there is very poor.However， the woman disagrees with the student’s proposal for the following two reasons.Firstly， she says that only during daytime the coffeehouse is empty because students are busy with their classes， jobs and study but it is pretty full at night when students have time to sit down and relaX.Secondly， the lighting in the coffeehouse is as good as it is in the library as they did some renovations recently.第11页共11页。

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO45综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO45综合写作阅读原文文本： Did bees (a type of insect) exist on Earth as early as 200 million years ago? Such a theory is supported by the discovery of very old fossil structures that resemble bee nests. The structures have been found inside 200- million-year-old fossilized trees in the state of Arizona in the southwestern United States. However, many skeptics doubt that the structures were created by bees. The skeptics support their view with several arguments. No Fossils of Actual Bees First, no fossil remains of actual bees have ever been found that date to 200 million years ago. The earliest preserved body of a bee is 100 million years old—only half as old as the fossilized structures discovered in Arizona. Absence of Flowering Plants A second reason to doubt that bees existed 200 million years ago is the absence of flowering plants in that period. Today's bees feed almost exclusively on the flowers of flowering plants; in fact, bees and flowering plants have evolved a close, mutually dependent biological relationship. Flowering plants, however, first appeared on Earth 125 million years ago. Given the bees’ close association with flowering plants, it is unlikely bees could have existed before that time. Structures Lack Some Details Third, while the fossilized structures found in Arizona are somewhat similar to nest chambers made by modern bees, they lack some of the finer details of bees’ nests. For example, chambers of modern bee nests are closed by caps that have a spiral pattern, but the fossilized chambers lack such caps. That suggests the fossilized structures were made by other insects, such as wood-boring beetles. 托福TPO45综合写作听力原文文本： ProfessorIt's perfectly possible that the nests found inside the fossilized trees were made by bees 200 million years ago. The arguments used by the skeptics are not convincing. First, it's true we have no fossil remains of actual bees that date to 200 million years ago, but maybe the reason for that is that bees could not be preserved as fossils at that time. Fossil bees have typically been preserved in fossilized tree resin, a sticky liquid produced by trees. However, trees with this type of resin were very rare 200 million years ago. Such trees became common much later. So the fact that we have no bee remains that are 200 million years old doesn't mean that bees did not exist at that time. Maybe bees existed, but since there were almost no trees producing the right kind of resin, the bees could not be preserved. Second, while it's true that bees have a close mutual relationship with flowering plants today, it's quite possible that bees existed before flowering plants appeared on Earth. Those very early bees might have been feeding on non-flowering plants thatpreceded flowering plants during evolutionary history. The early bees could have fed on non- flowering plants such as ferns or pine trees. Later when flowering plants evolved, bees may have adapted to feeding on them! And this new relationship between bees and flowering plants may have remained stable ever since. Third, even though the fossilized chambers lack spiral caps, there's chemical evidence that supports the theory that bees built the chambers. Modern bees protect their nest chambers against water by using a special waterproofing substance that has a distinctive chemical composition. When the fossilized chambers were chemically analyzed, it turned out that they contain the same kind of waterproofing material that's used by modern bees. 托福TPO45综合写作满分范文： In the lecture, the professor casts doubt on the reading passage’s idea that the nests found inside the fossilized trees were not created by bees. The professor asserts that the arguments used in the reading are not convincing. To begin with, according to the reading passage, no fossil remains of actual bees have been found that date to 200 million years ago. The professor argues that no bee remains that are 200 million years old doesn’t mean that bees didn’t exist at that time. He says maybe bees couldn’t be preserved as fossils at that time. Since there were almost no trees producing the right kind of resin, a sticky liquid produced by trees, the bees could not be preserved. On top of that, the reading passage states that flowering plants were in absence 200 million years ago. On the contrary, the professor claims that it’s quite possible that bees existed before flowering plants appeared on Earth. The professor points out that early bees might have been feeding on non-flowering plants that preceded flowering plants during evolutionary history. Later when flowering plants evolved, bees may have adapted to feeding on them. And this new relationship between bees and flowering plants have remained stable ever since. Lastly, the professor rebuts the reading’s point that the fossilized structures lack some of the finer details of bees’ nests such as the chambers lacking caps by stating that there’s chemical evidence that supports the theory that bees built the chambers. The professor points out that when the fossilized chambers were chemically analyzed, it turned out that they contain the same kind of waterproofing material that’s used by modern bees. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO45综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。

Lecture 11. What is the lecture mainly about?O Reasons for the transition from religious to secular themes in Renaissance artO The disproportionate influence of Italian artists during the Renaissance periodO Techniques used during the Renaissance to produce realistic works of artO A comparison of themes in paintings and sculptures during the Renaissance2. What is the professor's opinion of Leon Battista Alberti as an artist?O Alberti’s interests were too diverse for him to succeed in any one fie ldO Alberti was ineffective in imposing his own theories on other artists.O Alberti was a much more skilled artist than da Vinci or Michelangelo.O Alberti represents the Renaissance ideal of wide-ranging achievement.3. According to the professor, what did Alberti consider to be the most important aspect of a Renaissance painting?O That it convey an appealing narrativeO That its figures be posed symmetricallyO That its theme not be religiousO That its characters be positioned within a landscape4. Why did some artists begin to use the contrapposto pose?O To create a cartoon-like effectO To help viewers identify the main figure in a work of artO To show the relative sizes of human figuresO To make human figures appear more natural5. Why does the professor discuss tendons and muscles?O To emphasize that Alberti’s study of anatomy led to his interest in artO To show the emphasis Alberti placed on using physically fit modelsO To illustrate the difficulty of maintaining a contrapposto pose in real lifeO To explain one of Alberti's methods for creating accurate proportions6. Why was the development of linear one-point perspective important to Renaissance artists? O It helped painters to place figures more symmetrically within their paintings.O It allowed painters to create an illusion of three dimensions.O It enabled artists to paint large landscapes for the first time.O It encouraged artists to take an interest in geometry.Lecture 21. What is the lecture mainly about?O The process by which immune cells are producedO The effects of consuming far fewer calories than usualO The function of an organ found in rhesus monkeys and in humansO The discovery of a nutrient necessary for good health2. Why does the professor mention the thymus?O To explain how different types of food are turned into energyO To give an example of an organ attacked by certain bacteriaO To introduce a research study by a nutritional biologistO To answer a question about certain immune cells3. According to the professor, why are some cells called "naive"?O They originate from a relatively primitive type of cell.O They are easily eliminated by the immune system.O They are not yet able to recognize any particular protein marker.O They can become part of any one of various organs of the body.4. In a recent study mentioned by the professor, what are two differences between the monkeys that have been fed a normal diet and the ones that have not?(Click on 2 answers) □ The monkeys on a normal diet appear older.□ The monkeys on a normal diet get sick less often.□ The monkeys on a normal diet have fewer naive T cells.□ The monkeys on a normal diet tend to live longer.5. What does the professor think about a calorie-restricted diet?(Click on 2 answers)□ She would not find it easy to follow.□ She is not sure humans would benefit from it□ Doctors are not likely ever to recommend it for people.□ It would probably affect humans differently than it affects monkeys.6. What does the professor mean when she says this:O Problems in the study make its conclusions difficult to believe.O The actual effect on mice was not what it seemed.O Other studies of mice produced different results.O Other animals seem to react as mice do.Lecture 31. What does the professor mainly discuss?O Characteristics of different types of mixturesO Differences between mixtures and solutionsO Ways of separating components of mixturesO Identifying variable properties of solutions2. In the lecture, the professor gives examples of homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. For each mixture below, indicate which kind it is.3. What is one basis for classifying a mixture as homogeneous or heterogeneous?O Whether its component parts are the same type of matterO Whether its component parts are present in equal proportionsO Whether it contains one phase or more than one phaseO Whether it appears, without magnification, to contain a single component4. What can be inferred from the lecture about the process of distillation?O It cannot be used if a mixture has variable properties.O It can be used to separate the components of homogeneous mixtures.O It is used to change heterogeneous mixtures Into homogeneous mixtures.O It is a more efficient way of separating components of heterogeneous mixtures than filtration.5. Why does the professor mention the freezing point of a mixture?O To explain why salt dissolves in waterO To emphasize that mixtures can exist in a frozen stateO To show how filtration and distillation differO To give an example of a variable property of mixtures6. What does the professor imply when he says this:O He wants to correct a statement he made previously.O He is uncertain whether the students understood his explanation.O The meaning of a term should be obvious to the students.O The students are probably unaware that they have already seen examples of heterogeneous mixtures.Lecture 41. What is the main purpose of the lecture?O To explore possible solutions to an anthropological mysteryO To analyze the results of a nutritional experimentO To explain why human beings first started creating ceramicsO To examine changes in the dietary preferences of an ancient culture2. According to the professor, wtiy would the ceramic vessels used by ancient Arctic people be likely to break?O Ancient Arctic people used cooking techniques unsuitable for ceramic pots.O Ancient Arctic people were frequently moving from place to place.O The vessels were not made with high-quality clay.O The vessels were often exposed to extreme temperatures.3. Why does the professor mention that the Arctic climate is cold and wet?O To explain why ancient Arctic people found warm food appealingO To explain why ancient Arctic people required a diet that was rich in meatO To explain the difficulties of manufacturing pottery in such a climateO To explain why some foods could not be stored in clay pots4. What does the professor imply about ancient Arctic people’s food preferences?O They liked raw foods better than minimaIly cooked foods.O They enjoyed eating foods that had been prepared in contrasting ways.O Their preferences changed dramatically over time.O They liked foods cooked in ceramic vessels better than foods cooked in other types of containers.5. According to the professor, why did ancient Arctic people cook using small fires?(Click on 2 answers)□ Their pottery could not withstand intense heat.□ Small fires made it easier to control cooking speed.□ Cooking had to be done indoors.□ Fuel was difficult to obtain.6. Why does the student say this:O He wants to make sure the professor is referring to the past and not the present.O He does not understand why making ceramics in the Arctic is considered challenging.O He thinks the fact that ancient Arctic people made ceramics requires some explanation.O He does not believe the ancient Arctic people actually made ceramics.。

3.reading timeClose the CoffeehouseLike many people, I was happy when the university opened a coffeehouse. A good coffeehouse is a perfect place to meet people or to study while having a coffee. Unfortunately, our coffeehouse usually empty, so it’s not a good place to meet people And the lighting there is very poor, so it's not a good place to study, either. A coffeehouse seemed like a great idea, but it just hasn't worked out, and the time has come for the university to close it.Sincerely,Marvin BakerThe woman disagrees with the student’s proposal for the coffeehouse. Explain the proposal and the reasons she gives for disagreeing with it.4. reading timeMethod of LociSpecial techniques, or memory devices, are often used to help us recall information. One technique, the method of loci (i.e., method of location), is particularly helpful for remembering several pieces of information in a particular order. To use this technique, we first imagine a familiar place such as a building or an outdoor area. This familiar place should have a series of landmarks or locations within it that we can imagine walking past in a predictable, logical order. Once the landmarks have been identified in a given order, we assign one piece of the information that we want to later recall to each location. The information should be assigned in the order in which we want to remember it. To later recall the new information in order, we imagine walking through the familiar place, recalling what is stored at each location along the way.Using the professor’s example, explain how the method of loci is used to recall information in sequence.5.Briefly summarize the problem the speakers are discussing. Then state which solution you would recommend. Explain the reasons for your recommendation.6.Using the examples of the electric eel and the knifefish, explain how producing electricity benefits certain fish.。

TPO 独立写作题目TPO 1：At universities and colleges, sports and social activities are just as important as classes and libraries and should receive equal financial support. TPO 2：Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people.TPO 3: It is more important to keep your old friends than it is to make new friends.TPO 4: In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today. TPO 5: People today spend too much time on personal enjoyment doing things they like to do rather than doing things they should do.TPO 6: Life today is easier and more comfortable than it was when your grandparents were children.TPO 7: It is more important for students to understand ideas and concepts than it is for them to learn facts.TPO 8: Television advertising directed towards young children (aged two to five) should not be allowed.TPO 9：Technology has made children less creative than they were in the past.TPO 10：Playing computer games is a waste of time. Children should not be allowed to play them.TPO 11:Some people say that the Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information. Others think access to too much information createsproblems.TPO 12: Some people say that the Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information. Others think access to much information creates problems.TPO 13:The extended family (grandparents, cousins, aunts, and uncles) is less important now than it was in the past.TPO 14: People benefit more from traveling in their own country than from traveling to foreign countries.With the rapid development of public transportation, tourism has been increasingly popular, which lead people to relax by traveling. Some people hold an opinion that traveling in their own country is suitable for them, while others believe that traveling to foreign countries will be more beneficial. From my perspective, I am for the former.TPO 15: In order to become financially responsible adults, children should learn to manage their own money at young age.TPO 16: The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide.TPO 17: Most advertisements make products seem much better than they really are.TPO 18: Students are more influenced by their teachers than by their friends.TPO 19: In order to be well-informed, a person must get information from many different news resources.TPO 20: Successful people try new things and take risks rather than only doing what they know how to do well.TPO 21: For success in a future job, the ability to relate well to people is more important than studying hard in school.TPO 22: Teachers should not make their social or political views known to students in the classroom.TPO 23：In today’s world, it is more important to work quickly and risk making mistakes than to work slowly and make sure that everything is correct.TPO 24：One of the best ways that parents can help their teenage children prepare for adult life is to encourage them to take a part-time job.TPO 25：Young people nowadays do not give enough time to helping their communities.TPO 26：It is better for children to choose jobs that are similar to their parents’ jobs than to choose jobs that are very different from their parents’ jobs.TPO 27：If people have the opportunity to get a secure job, they should take it right away rather than wait for a job that may be more satisfying.TPO 28：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents today are more involved in their children's education than parents were in the past.TPO 29：To improve the quality of education, universities should spendmore money on salaries for university professors.TPO 30：It is more enjoyable to have a job where you work only three days a week for long hours than to have a job where you work five days a week for shorter hours.TPO 31：Because the world is changing so quickly, people now are less happy or less satisfied with their lives than people were in the past.TPO 32: Young people today have no influence on the important decisions that determine the future of society as a whole.TPO 33: When teachers assign projects on which students must work together, the students learn much more effectively than when they are asked to work alone on projects.TPO 34: Educating children is a more difficult task today than it was in the past because they spend so much time on cell phone, online games, and social networking website.TPO 35: In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today. TPO36：It is better to finish a project completely and then begin another project than to work on two or more projects at the same time.TPO37: Many people nowadays spend too much money on their pets (dogs, cats, or other animals), although there are better uses for this money.TPO38：TPO 40: Some parents offer their school-age children money for each high grade (mark) they get in school. Do you think this is a good idea?TPO 41: Teacher were more appreciated and valued by society in the past than they were nowadays.TPO42：Workers are more satisfied when they have many different types of tasks to do during the workday than when they do similar tasks all day long. TPO43：Imagine that you are in a classroom or a meeting. The teacher or the meeting leader says something incorrect In your opinion, which of the following is the best thing to do?-Interrupt and correct the mistake right away-Wait until the class or meeting is over and the people are gone, and then talk to the teacher or meeting leade-Say nothingTPO44：Some people believe that when busy parents do not have a lot of time to spend with their children, the best use of that time is to have fun playing games or sports. Others believe that it is best to use that time doing things together that are related to schoolwork. Which of the two approaches do you prefer?。

1. Microscopes The Beringia LandscapeDuring the peak of the last ice age, northeast Asia (Siberia) and Alaska were connected by a broad land mass called the Bering Land Bridge. This land bridge existed because so much of Earth’s water was frozen in the great ice sheets that sea levels were over 100 meters lower than they are today. Between 25,000 and 10,000 years ago, Siberia, the Bering Land Bndge, and Alaska shared many environmental characteristics. These included a common mammalian fauna of large mammals, a common flora composed of broad grasslands as well as wind-swept dunes and tundra, and a common climate with cold, dry winters and somewhat wanner summers. The recognition that many aspects of the modem flora and fauna were present on both sides of the Bering Sea as remnants of the ice-age landscape led to this region being named Beringia.It is through Beringia that small groups of large mammal hunters, slowly expanding their hunting territories, eventually colonized North and South America. On this archaeologists generally agree, but that is where the agreement stops One broad area of disagreement in explaining the peopling of the Americas is the domain of paleoecologists, but it is critical to understanding human history: what was Beringia like?The Beringian landscape was very different from what it is today. ■ Broad, windswept valleys; glaciated mountains; sparse vegetation; and less moisture created a rather forbidding land mass. ■ This land mass supported herds of now-extinct species of mammoth, bison, and horse and somewhat modern versions of caribou, musk ox, elk, and saiga antelope. ■ These grazers supported in turn a number of impressive carnivores, including the giant short-faced bear, the saber-tooth cat, and a large species of lion. ■The presence of mammal species that require grassland vegetation has led Arctic biologist Dale Guthrie to argue that while cold and dry, there must have been broad areas of dense vegetation to support herds of mammoth, horse, and bison. Further, nearly all of the ice-age fauna had teeth that indicate an adaptation to grasses and sedges; they could not have been supported by a modern flora of mosses and lichens. Guthrie has also demonstrated that the landscape must have been subject to intense and continuous winds, especially in winter. He makes this argument based on the anatomyof horse and bison, which do not have the ability to search for food through deep snow cover. They need landscapes with strong winds that remove the winter snows, exposing the dry grasses beneath. Guthrie applied the term “ mammoth steppe" to characterize this landscape.In contrast, Paul Colinvaux has offered a counterargument based on the analysis of pollen in lake sediments dating to the last ice age. He found that the amount of pollen recovered in these sediments is so low that the Beringian landscape during the peak of the last glaciation was more likely to have been what he termed a "polar desert," with little or only sparse vegetation, in no way was it possible that this region could have supported large herds of mammals and thus, human hunters. Guthrie has argued against this view by pointing out that radiocarbon analysis of mammoth, horse, and bison bones from Beringian deposits revealed that the bones date to the period of most intense glaciation.The argument seemed to be at a standstill until a number of recent studies resulted in a spectacular suite of new finds. The first was the discovery of a 1,000-square-kilometer preserved patch of Beringian vegetation dating to just over 17,000 years ago—the peak of the last ice age The plants were preserved under a thick ash fall from a volcanic eruption. Investigations of the plants found grasses, sedges, mosses, and many other varieties in a nearly continuous cover, as was predicted by Guthrie. But this vegetation had a thin root mat with no soil formation, demonstrating that there was little long-term stability in plant cover, a finding supporting some of the arguments of Colinvaux. A mixture of continuous but thin vegetation supporting herds of large mammals is one that seems plausible and realistic with the available data. 1. The word "remnants" in the passage is closest in meaningO remainsO evidenceO resultsO reminders2. The word "domain" in the passage is closest in meaning toO field of expertiseO challengeO interestO responsibility3. According to paragraph 3, all of the following are true of the Beringian landscape EXCEPT.O There was little vegetation.O The mammal species there all survived into modern versions.O The climate was drier than it is today.O There were mountains with glaciers.4. The purpose of paragraph 3 is toO contrast today’s Beringian landscape with other landscapes in the American continentO describe the Beringian landscape during the last ice ageO explain why so many Beringian species became extinct during the last ice ageO summarize the information about Beringia that historians agree on5. The word "continuous” in the passage is closest in meaning toO unpredictableO very coldO dangerousO uninterrupted6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.O According to biologist Dale Guthrie, mammal species require broad areas of vegetation to survive.O Dale Guthrie is an Arctic biologist who argued that broad areas of dense vegetation were surely enough to attract mammals such as mammoth, horse, and bison to Beringia. O Dale Guthrie argued that Beringia, though cold and dry, must have had enough dense vegetation to support the herds of mammoth, horse, and bison that lived there.O As long as Beringia was cold and dry, argued Dale Guthrie, dense vegetation grew in order to support the herds of mammoth, horse, and bison—the mammal species present there.7. According to paragraph 4，Guthrie believes that the teeth of ice-age fauna support which of the following conclusions?O Large mammals would not have been able to survive in the Beringian landscape.O Grasslands were part of the Beringian landscape.O Strong winds exposed dry grasses under the snow.O Horses and bison did not have the ability to search for food through deep snow cover..8. According to paragraph 4，which of the following statements is true of the relationship between ice- age Benngian animals and their environment?O When present in sufficient quantities, lichens and mosses provide enough nutrients to satisfy the needs of herds of large mammals.O The anatomy of certain animals present in that environment provides information about the intensity of winds there at that time.O The structure of the teeth of most ice-age fauna indicates that they preyed on animals such as the mammoth, horse, and bison.O Horses and bison are large enough that their feet can easily penetrate deep snow and uncover areas where they can feed on plant material.9. In paragraph 5, the amount of pollen in Beringian lake sediments from the last ice age is used to explainO how long the ice age lastedO how important pollen is as a source of foodO how many different kinds of plants produce pollenO how little vegetation must have been present at that time10. According to paragraph 5, how did Dale Guthrie use the information about radiocarbon analysis of bones from Benngian deposits?O To suggest that Colinvaux should have used different methods to measure the amount of pollen in ice-age lake sedimentsO To argue that the large Beringian mammals must have eaten plants that produce little, if any, pollenO To show that the conclusions that Colinvaux drew from the analysis of pollen in ice-age lake sediments cannot be correctO To explain why so-called polar deserts are incapable of supporting such large animals as mammoth, horse, and bison11. The word "plausible" in the passage is closest in meaning toO preferableO practicalO reasonableO advantageous12. Which of the following best describes the organization of paragraph 6 ?O Two contrasting views are presented, and a study that could decide between them is proposedO An argument is offered, and reasons both for and against the argument are presented O A claim is made, and a study supporting the claim is describedO New information is presented, and the information is used to show that two competing explanations can each be seen as correct in some way.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Nevertheless, large animals managed to survive in Beringia.Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answerchoice, click on it.To review the passage, click VIEW TEXTDuring the last ice age, human hunters pursued large mammals across Beringia, a land whose climatic characteristics have been in dispute.Answer ChoicesStrong evidence indicates that large mammals like mammoth and bison survived in the harsh ice-age Beringian landscape.Carnivores such as the saber-tooth cat were primarily responsible for the disappearance of the largest of the grazing animals, but the harsh winters caused some grazers to die of starvation.The discovery that grasses, sedges, and mosses survived under the thick ash from a large volcanic eruption proved that the ice-age Benngian plant cover was extremely resistant to climatic extremes.Benngian mammals crossed easily from northeastern Asia to Alaska across the Bering Land Bridge, though there are indications that they usually went back to Asia for the brief, but warm, summers.Analyses of ice-age sediments uncovered very small amounts of pollen, suggesting that Benngia lacked the quantity of vegetation needed to support large herds of mammals.Recent discoveries suggest that shallow-rooted plants created a fairly continuous cover over ice-age Beringia, though the cover most likely was variable and uncertain in any one location.。

托福口语Task4常考学科有哪些美联出国考试大家整理的托福口语Task4的常考学科介绍，具体内容如下：心理学：针对一些心理学问题如：阈下知觉、知觉恒常性、外在动机与内在动机、移情行为等给出解释及例子。

此学科涉及到的问题学术性较强，为高频学科。

在TPO中出现位置：TPO4, TPO6, TPO7, TPO12, TPO13, TPO14,TPO15, TPO16,TPO19, TPO22, TPO30, TPO31, TPO34生物学：针对诸如Target Marketing, Entertainment Merchandising, Franchising等与市场销售相关的内容下定义并给出例子详细解释，为高频学科。

在TPO中出现位置：TPO8, TPO17,TPO18, TPO26, TPO27, TPO29, TPO32, TPO33市场营销：针对诸如Target Marketing, Entertainment Merchandising, Franchising 等与市场销售相关的内容下定义并给出例子详细解释，为高频学科。

在TPO中出现位置：TPO5,TPO10, TPO1, TPO20,TPO28社会学：针对一些社会现象诸如认知失调、文化失调和观众效应给出定义及解释和例子。

此学科涉及的问题学术性相对较弱，为高频学科。

在TPO中出现位置：TPO23, TPO25, TPO2, TPO3艺术：对诸如Outsider Art,Establishing Shot等艺术内容下定义并给出例子详细解释，为中频学科。

在TPO中出现位置：TPO9, TPO11教育：针对诸如Questioning Awareness of Effect的教育相关的术语下定义并给出例子详细解释，为低频学科。

在TPO中出现位置：TPO21环境科学：针对诸如Flagship Species 的环境术语下定义并给出例子详细解释，为低频学科。

求app小站托福tpo里的作文,口语范文Nowadays advertisments can be seen everywhere:in pubs and buses,in newspapers and magazines,on TV screens and play grounds.It's more and more difficult for youto resist the attraction ofcolourful advertisements.There is a great deal to be said in favour of advertising.First,it provides information.The customer is told what is available on the market and how one product differs from another.Secondly,a wide range of activities and institutions receive financial support we would have to pay much more for newspapers and sports games。

托福考试口语、写作题型1.其实口语最后一道题的确大部分都是生物类的 TPO上面的是让你接触不同话题的问题以防万一但是真正考试基本上就是生物的功能或行为的分类。

2.TPO并不是每一篇阅读都有表格啊以前我算过基本上TPO三十套只有四五道这样的题而考试遇到的几率非常少我考过五次托福一次都遇不到如果遇到那就是中头奖了比平常那种六选三的要简单一些但是这种题一定要保证全对。

3.独立写作是我比较擅长的有一定的技巧和方法。

开门见山不是一个好的表达方式我给你一个简略的结构吧。

第一段：开头可以引用名人名言或普遍流行的现象或举例子或排比提问等方式然后说一下大众的观点（与你的观点相反）紧接着点出你的观点不要重复题目第二段：然后是一个过渡段可有可无主要讲一下对方观点的好处然后段落结尾来个转折引出下面你支持自己观点的几个理由第三段第四段··：第一句一定要直接明确说出中心内容然后再用例子什么的去解释结尾段：一定要总结前面几个理由然后再重申一遍自己的立场。

托福阅读tpo45全套解析阅读-1 (1)原文 (1)译文 (3)题目 (4)答案 (9)背景知识 (9)阅读-2 (10)原文 (10)译文 (12)题目 (13)答案 (18)背景知识 (18)阅读-3 (19)原文 (19)译文 (20)题目 (21)答案 (26)背景知识 (26)阅读-1原文The Beringia Landscape①During the peak of the last ice age,northeast Asia(Siberia)and Alaska were connected by a broad land mass called the Bering Land Bridge.This land bridge existed because so much of Earth’s water was frozen in the great ice sheets that sea levels were over100meters lower than they are today.Between25,000and10,000 years ago,Siberia,the Bering Land Bridge,and Alaska shared many environmental characteristics.These included a common mammalian fauna of large mammals,a common flora composed of broad grasslands as well as wind-swept dunes and tundra,and a common climate with cold,dry winters and somewhat warmer summers.The recognition that many aspects of the modern flora and fauna were present on both sides of the Bering Sea as remnants of the ice-age landscape led to this region being named Beringia.②It is through Beringia that small groups of large mammal hunters,slowlyexpanding their hunting territories,eventually colonized North and South America. On this archaeologists generally agree,but that is where the agreement stops.One broad area of disagreement in explaining the peopling of the Americas is the domain of paleoecologists,but it is critical to understanding human history:what was Beringia like?③The Beringian landscape was very different from what it is today.Broad, windswept valleys;glaciated mountains;sparse vegetation;and less moisture created a rather forbidding land mass.This land mass supported herds of now-extinct species of mammoth,bison,and horse and somewhat modern versions of caribou,musk ox,elk,and saiga antelope.These grazers supported in turn a number of impressive carnivores,including the giant short-faced bear,the saber-tooth cat,and a large species of lion.④The presence of mammal species that require grassland vegetation has led Arctic biologist Dale Guthrie to argue that while cold and dry,there must have been broad areas of dense vegetation to support herds of mammoth,horse,and bison.Further, nearly all of the ice-age fauna had teeth that indicate an adaptation to grasses and sedges;they could not have been supported by a modern flora of mosses and lichens.Guthrie has also demonstrated that the landscape must have been subject to intense and continuous winds,especially in winter.He makes this argument based on the anatomy of horse and bison,which do not have the ability to search for food through deep snow cover.They need landscapes with strong winds that remove the winter snows,exposing the dry grasses beneath.Guthrie applied the term “mammoth steppe"to characterize this landscape.⑤In contrast,Paul Colinvaux has offered a counterargument based on the analysis of pollen in lake sediments dating to the last ice age.He found that the amount of pollen recovered in these sediments is so low that the Beringian landscape during the peak of the last glaciation was more likely to have been what he termed a"polar desert,"with little or only sparse vegetation,in no way was it possible that this region could have supported large herds of mammals and thus,human hunters. Guthrie has argued against this view by pointing out that radiocarbon analysis of mammoth,horse,and bison bones from Beringian deposits revealed that the bones date to the period of most intense glaciation.⑥The argument seemed to be at a standstill until a number of recent studies resulted in a spectacular suite of new finds.The first was the discovery of a 1,000-square-kilometer preserved patch of Beringian vegetation dating to just over 17,000years ago—the peak of the last ice age.The plants were preserved under a thick ash fall from a volcanic eruption.Investigations of the plants found grasses, sedges,mosses,and many other varieties in a nearly continuous cover,as was predicted by Guthrie.But this vegetation had a thin root mat with no soil formation, demonstrating that there was little long-term stability in plant cover,a findingsupporting some of the arguments of Colinvaux.A mixture of continuous but thin vegetation supporting herds of large mammals is one that seems plausible and realistic with the available data.译文洞察白令地貌①在上一次冰期的高峰，东北亚地区（西伯利亚）和阿拉斯加曾由一片广阔的陆地相连，这片土地被叫做白令陆桥。

1. (Reading)Did bees (a type of insect) exist on Earth as early as 200 million years ago? Such a theory is supported by the discovery of very old fossil structures that resemble bee nests. The structures have been found inside 200- million-year-old fossilized trees in the state of Arizona in the southwestern United States. However, many skeptics doubt that the structures were created by bees. The skeptics support their view with several arguments.No Fossils of Actual BeesFirst, no fossil remains of actual bees have ever been found that date to 200 million years ago. The earliest preserved body of a bee is 100 million years old—only half as old as the fossilized structures discovered in Arizona.Absence of Flowering PlantsA second reason to doubt that bees existed 200 million years ago is the absence of flowering plants in that period. Today's bees feed almost exclusively on the flowers of flowering plants; in fact, bees and flowering plants have evolved a close, mutually dependent biological relationship. Flowering plants, however, first appeared on Earth 125 million years ago. Given the bees’ close association with flowering plants, it is unlikely bees could have existed before that time.Structures Lack Some DetailsThird, while the fossilized structures found in Arizona are somewhat similar to nest chambers made by modern bees, they lack some of the finer details of bees’ nests. For example, chambers of modern bee nests are closed by caps that have a spiral pattern, but the fossilized chambers lack such caps. That suggests the fossilized structures were made by other insects, such as wood-boring beetles.Directions: You have 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Your response will be judged on the basis of the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the points in the lecture and their relationship to the reading passage. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words.Question: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific points made in the reading passage.2.Directions: Read the question below. You have 30 minutes to plan, write, and revise your essay. Typically, an effective response will contain a minimum of 300 words.Question:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?In the past, young people depended too much on their parents to make decisions for them; today young people are better able to make decisions about their own lives.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.。

参考译文深海里的摄食策略在广阔的海洋中，动物的食物有季节性和地域性，在某些特定的地区或季节中（比如，春季的海岸地区）某些食物通常是非常丰富的。

在这种情况下，动物既不需要那么依赖日常食物中获得能量，同时储存能量也不是那么的重要。

相比之下，在深层海水中，食物大量减少，动物的食物问题很严重。

在这种环境中生存，动物需要最大化的摄取能量，找到并吃掉任何可能的食物来源。

在海洋表面的区域，有很多移动速度很快的大型食肉动物，以及大量的浮游动物，它们包含一种特定的身体结构，能够过滤海水，吸收海水中的浮游生物（漂浮的小型植物或动物），以之为食。

在充满阳光的表层海域，存在大量的这些滤食性动物，因为海水含有大量小型生物，从细菌到大型藻类以及甲壳纲动物的幼虫。

在某些情况下，即使是鱼类也会以这种方式来摄取能量。

虽然大部分海洋鱼类都是食肉动物，但在这种富含营养物质的海洋表面区域，存在大量浮游植物（浮游的植物），以至于大量以其为食沙丁鱼和凤尾鱼可以在这里生长。

这些小鱼使用鳃丝来捕获在这片区域中大量存在的海藻。

沙丁鱼和凤尾鱼是大型商业渔业的基础，同样也是当地食肉动物的食物来源，特别是海鸟。

在富含营养的海岸和极地水域中，长须鲸以及鲸鲨也是高效的滤食性生物，摄取的食物量要远远高于前文所述的生物，尽管长须鲸和鲸鲨滤过的颗粒甶一些小型的动物组成，比如桡脚亚纲的动物和南极磷虹，而不是浮游植物。

过滤海水以获取其中的营养颗粒是一种非常耗费能量的摄取食物的方式，特别是过滤的水流需要由生物自己来产生，而所有浮游动物都会遇到这种情况。

每立方升中必须要有2.5微克的有机物颗粒，这样这些滤食性浮游动物所获得的能量才能大于消耗的能量（能量净增长）。

大部分海岸水域很容易超过这个数值，但是在深海中，有机物的含量会处在零到7微克每立方升之间。

尽管平均值可能会使得我们忽视某些局部地区有机物含量很高的情况，但仍然，很多深海的动物所生活的条件，会使得一个正常的滤食性生物无法找到足够的食物。

tpo独立写作比较类题目怎么写比较类题型是托福独立写作当中很常见的一类题型，以下这几个题目都属于这一类型：1. Relating well with other people is more important to future career success than studying hard at school.2. Students are more influenced by their teachers than by their friends.4. It is better to have a job or vacation at least one year than to study at college at once for students who just finished high school.通过对这几个题目的对比分析我们可以看到，比较类题目的特点是什么，就是在题目当中给出了两个比较的对象，其中一个比另外一个更好更有效或者更重要。

那么这类题型和最高级的题型相比有什么异同呢？这种类型的题目和最高级题目有一定的相同点，就是都是在比较，只不过比较类题目已经限定了比较范围，并且是在两个因素之间进行比较。

而最高级题目没有限定比较范围，只给出了一个因素，要与其他三种或者以上的因素进行比较。

要注意的问题也是一样，不管我们采取的是一种什么样的文章结构，我们都要切忌一味地论证其中一方的好处，不能忘记要将两者进行比较。

那么我们来看一下这类题型的解题思路吧：但如果在考场上这三个点不能很快地想到，展开也遇到了问题，我们应该怎么办？我们不妨换一种思路想一想，其实比较类题目的观点都是太绝对的，A一定比B好，在任何情况下都是这样，我们其实很容易想到事实肯定不是这样，那我们可以想想在什么情况下是成立的，什么情况下是不成立的。

就拿这道题来说，对于一个要求个人独立完成的工作来说，可能在家更好，因为我们以上提到的一下优点；但对于一些要求总是与人打交道的工作来说，比如销售，那就不能一直待在家里办公了，在办公室才能更高效。