更换：海天考研-2014年秋季六级-赵南望-阅读讲义-更换

教你如何猜答案！很多同学抱怨新4,6级后半部分时间太紧经常会出现还有两篇或一篇阅读没做的时候就只剩下5分钟了！！！由于阅读分值非常大，很容易让人立刻崩溃如果考场上出现这种情况，千万不要慌张！！！！冷静的使用下面介绍的死亡拯救法，可将正确率提高至50％以上！！不看文章，直接作题第一篇：阅读理解题答案项特征通过研究历届四、六级阅读理解题，我们发现，在所列出的四个选项中，也有一些普遍性规律可循。

如果考生了解、熟悉并掌握了这些规律，他(她)们就可以找到做题时的"第六感觉"，达到所谓超常发挥的水平。

如果考生来不及看文章，万般无奈下凭这些规律可以选中不少正确选项。

(一)答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。

这些语气词有：must, always, never, the most, all, only, haveto, any, no, very completely, none, hardly等。

例(1) One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that _____ .A. the difference between the employee and the employer has become insignificant.B. people's traditional concepts about work no longer hold true.C. most people have to take part-time jobs.D. people have to change their jobs from time to time.(分析：四个选项中，C、D两项中都含有"have to"，语气太绝对化，一般被排除。

考生在剩下两项中进行选择，就大大降低了难度。

历年六级快速阅读真题-2014年大家看看2014年的重点快速阅读六级真题答案。

以下是小编分享给大家的关于写历年六级快速阅读真题，一起来看看吧!Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks,You are required to select One word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bamk is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.For investors who desire low risk and guaranteed income,U.S. Government bonds are a secure investment because these bonds have the financial backing and full faith and credit of the federal government.Municipal bonds,also secure,are offered by local governmengts and often have____36______such as tax-free interest.Some may even be ____37______.Corportate bonds are a bit more risky.Two questions often_____38_____first-time corportate bond investors.The first is”If I purchase a corportate bond,do I have to hold it until the matueity date?”The answer is no.Bonds are bought and sold daily on ____39_____securities exchanges.However,if your bond does not have____40_____ that make it attractive to other investors, you may be forced to sell your bond at a____41____i.e., a price less than the bond’s face value. But if your bond is highly valued by other investors, you may be able to sell it at a premium, i.e., a price above its face value. Bond prices gcncrally____42____ inversely (相反地)withcurrent market interest rates. As interest rates go up, bond pnccs tall, and vice versa (反之亦然).Thus, like all investments，bonds have a degree of risk.The second question is “How can I ___43_______ the investment risk of a particular bond issue?” Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s Investors Service rate the level of risk of many corporate and government bonds. And ____44______, the higher the market risk of a bond，the higher the interest rate. Investors will invest in a bond considered risky only if the _____45_____return is high enough.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2014年12月大学英语六级考试真题第二套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss what qualities an employer should look for in job applicants. You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A)， B)， C) and D)， and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答1.A) At a grocery B) In a parking lot C) In a car showroom D) At a fast food restaurant.2. A) Have a little nap after lunchB) Get up and take a short walk C) Change her position now and then.D) Stretch her legs before standing up.3. A) The students should practice long-distance running. B) He doesn’t quite believe what the woman says.C) The students’ physical condition is not desirable. D) He thinks the race is too hard for the students.4. A) They do not want to have a baby at present.B) They cannot afford to get married right now. C) They are both pursuing graduate studies.D) They will get their degrees in two years.5. A) Twins usually have a lot in common. B) He must have been mistaken for Jack.C) Jack is certainly not as healthy as he is. D) He has not seen Jack for quite a few days.6. A) The man will take the woman to the museum. B) The man knows where the museum is located.C) The woman is asking the way at the crossroads. D) The woman will attend the opening of the museum.7. A) They cannot ask the guy to leave.B) The guy has been coming in for years. C) They should not look down upon the guy.D) The guy must be feeling extremely lonely.8. A) Collect timepieces. B) Learn to mend clocks. C) Become time-conscious. D) Keep track of his daily activities. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) It winds its way to the sea.B) It is eating into its banks. C) It is quickly rising.D) It is wide and deep10. A) Get the trucks over to the other side of the river. B) Take the equipment apart before being ferried.C) Reduce the transport cost as much as possible. D) Try to speed up the operation by any means.11. A) Ask the commander to send a helicopter.B) Halt the operation until further orders. C) Cut trees and build rowing boats.D) Find as many boats as possible.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Help him join an Indian expedition.B) Talk about his climbing experiences. C) Give up mountain climbing altogether.D) Save money to buy climbing equipment.13. A) He was very strict with his children. B) He climbed mountains to earn a living.C) He had an unusual religious background. D) He was the first to conquer Mt. Qomolangma.14. A) They are like humans. B) They are sacred places. C) They are to be protected. D) They are to be conquered.15. A) It was his father’s training that pulled him through.B) It was a milestone in his mountain climbing career.C) It was his father who gave him the strength to succeed.D) It helped him understand the Sherpa view of mountains.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)， B)， C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2014年全国职称英语等级考试综合类阅读理解试题及参考答案第四部分：阅读理解综合C级：第一篇至第十六篇综合B级：第十七篇至第三十三篇（第二十九篇I’ll Be Bach为新增文章）综合A级：第三十四篇至第五十篇（第三十六篇Life as a Movie Extra为新增文章）孙老师特别提示：此50篇阅读理解只为大家熟悉文章中文意思，万一考到好有准备，请大家一定不要做这50篇的练习，避免受到误导，练习务必以课上历年考试原卷为准。

具体说明专业课临终关怀为大家讲解。

综合C级：第一篇Telling Tales about People（综合C）One of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies of other writers, such as James Joyce, have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies, but they are very close to it.Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently, though, the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeable with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses, these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person, not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair, well-presented biography may take years to research and write.1. This passage is mostly about _______.A) the characteristics of autobiographies, memoirs, and biographiesB) famous autobiographiesC) why biography can be difficult to writeD) differences between autobiographies and memoirs2. Helen Keller wrote _______.A) a memoir B) an autobiographyC) a work of fiction D) a biography3. Autobiography writers are not always objective because they _______.A) feel they have to make up details to make their books sellB) constantly compete with biography writersC) want to present themselves in a good lightD) have trouble remembering the good times4. The writer introduces each category in the passage by _______.A) defining itB) giving an exampleC) explaining why it is hard to writeD) telling when people first began writing it5. Diverse means _______.A) able to swim in deep water B) similar or alikeC) varied or different D) enjoying poetry第一篇讲述关于人们的故事最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些描述人们生活的故事，并且很多人喜欢阅读这类作品。

2014年6月大学英语六级真题及答案完整版PartI Writing ( 30minutes)Directions: For this part, you areallowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to put allyour eggs in one basket. You can give examples to illustrate your point .Youshould write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Directions: For this part, you areallowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise a person bytheir appearance. You can give examples to illustrate your point .You shouldwrite at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Directions: For this part, you areallowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to jump toconclusions upon seeing or hearing something. You can give examples toillustrate your point .You should write at least 150 words but no more than200words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,youwill hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of eachconversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each questionthere will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices markedA),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark thecorrespondingletter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

更换：海天考研-2014年秋季六级-赵南望-阅读讲义-更换2014考研英语辅导大学英语六级阅读讲义第一部分（补充阅读）主讲：赵南望Text 1Aristotle wrote that men come together in cities to live, but stay in them to live the good life. It was the Greeks who invented the idea of the city, and urbanity continues as a thriving tradition. But in the first decade of the 21st century, urban life is changing. “Cities are now junctions in the flows of people, information, finance and freight,” says Nigel H arris, a professor of development planning. “They’re less and less places where people live and work.”The enlargement of the European Union in December in 2002 has given residents of up to 13 new member nations freedom of movement within its borders. At the same time, an additional 13.5 million immigrants a year will be needed in the EU just to keep a stable ratio between workers and pensioners over the next half century. All this mobility will make Europe’s cities nodes of nomadism, linked to each other by high-speed trains and cheap airline flights. The bustle around airports and train stations will ma ke the crowds in Europe’s great piazza look thin by comparison. Urban designers, with a freshly pricked interest in transience rather than stasis, are even now dreaming up cityscapes that focus on flows of people and fungible uses for buildings.Public spaces are due for a revamp. Earlier architects conceived of train stations as single buildings; today’s designers are thinking of them as transit zones that link to the city aroundthem, pouring travelers into bus stations and surrounding shops, In Amsterdam, urban planner Ben van Berkel, co-director of the design firm of UN Studio, has developed what he calls Deep Planning Strategy, which inverts the traditio nal “top-down” approach: the creation of a space comes before the flow of people through it. With 3-D modeling and animation, he’s able to look at different population groups use public spaces at different times of the day. He uses the data todesign spaces that accommodate mobs at rush hour and sparser crowds at other times.The growing mobility of Europe has inspired a debate about the look and feel of urban sprawl. “Up until now, all our cultural heritage has been concentrated in the city center,” notes Prof. Heinrich Moding of the German Institute of Urban Affairs. “But we’ve got to imagine how it’s po ssible to have joyful vibrancy in these outlying parts, so that they’re not just about garages, highways and gasoline tanks.” The designs of new building are also changing to anticipate the emerging city as a way station. Buildings have been seen as disconnecting, isolating, defining. But increasingly, the quality of space that’s in demand is movement.Text 2Pain, unfortunately, is a horrible necessity of life. It protects people by alerting them to things that might injure them. But some long-term pain has nothing to do with any obvious injury. One estimate suggests that one in six adults suffer from a “chronic pain” condition.Steve McMahon, a pain resear cher at King’s College, London, says that if skin is damaged, for instance with a hot iron, an area of sensitivity develops around the outside of the burnwhere although untouched and undamaged by the iron the behavior of the nerve fibers is disrupted. As a result, heightened sensitivity and abnormal pain sensations occur in the surrounding skin. Chronic pain, he says, may similarly be caused not by damage to the body, but because weak pain signals become amplified.This would also help explain why chronic pains such as lower-back pain and osteoarthritis fail to respond well to traditional pain therapies. But now an entirely new kind of drug, called Tanezumab, has been developed. It is an antibody for a protein called nerve growth factor (NGF), which is vital for new nerve growth during development. NGF, it turns out, is also crucial in the regulation of the sensitization of pain in chronic conditions.Kenneth Verburg, one of the researchers involved in the development of Tanezumab at Pfizer, says it is not exactly clear what role NGF plays in normal physiology, but after an injury which involves tissue damage and inflammation, levels of NGF increase dramatically. NGF seems to be involved in transmitting the pain signal. As a consequence, blocking NGF reduces chronic pain.Tanezumab must still complete the final stages of clinical trials before it can become a weapon in the toolkit for reducing human suffering. But unexpected pains do not always come from the body. According to Irene Tracey, a pain researcher at the University of Oxford, how pain is experienced also depends upon a person’s state of mind. If successive patients suffer the same burn, the extent to which it hurts will depend on whether one is anxious, depressed, happy or distracted.Such ideas are being explored with brain scans which suggest that even if a low level of p ain is being sent to the brain,the signal can be turned up by the “mind” itself. Indeed, patients can even be tricked into feeling pain.In one experiment volunteers were given a powerful analgesic and subjected to a painful stimulus—which, because of the analgesic, they could not feel. Then they were told the drug had worn off (although it had not), and subsequently complained that the stimulus hurt.People can, therefore, feel pain simply because it is expected. They can fail to feel pain for exactly the same reasons, for example when they are given placebos or are distracted. But although pain may be subjective, that does not mean the final experience is controlled solely by the mind.A recent paper in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences has shown that genes play a role in determining sensitivity to pain. One gene, known as SCN9A, codes for a protein that allows the channels along which nerve signals are transmitted to remain active for longer and thus transmit more pain signals. It seems likely that this protein will attract a great deal more analgesic research. Variations in SCN9A may also explain why some patients prefer different classes of painkillers.Although pain may be a horrible necessity, there is no doubt that humanity could cope with far less of the chronic sort. Understanding how the mind, the body andpeople’s genes interact to cause pain should bring more relief.Text 3More than 41m Americans tuned in on March 7th to watch “The Hurt Locker” win the award for best picture at the Oscars, the annual ritual of glitz that reminds the world that Hollywood is the global centre of the film and entertainment industry. “TheHurt Locker”, however, was filmed in Jo rdan, not Hollywood. Perhaps that is as it should be for a f ilm set in Iraq. But what about “Battle: Los Angeles”? Hitting cinemas next year, it is a film about marines fighting an alien invasion. And it is being shot in Louisiana.California has been wor rying about “runaway production” since 1998, when Canada began luring producers and their crews away from Los Angeles with tax breaks. Other places followed, and all but seven American states and territories and 24 other countries now offer, or are preparing to offer, rebates, grants or tax credits that cut 20%, 30% or even 40% of the cost of shooting a movie.These incentives have become a huge factor in choosing where to shoot a film. Hollywood types are used to going on location, says Amy Lemisch, the director of the California Film Commission, a state body that tries to retain film production. These days, she says, producers first compare the incentives offered by the different locations and only then look at their scripts to see which of the places on the shortlist make sense. California’s world share of studio f ilms (ie, those made by the six biggest studios) dropped from 66% in 2003 to 34% in 2008, she estimates, and has fallen further since then.The decline in movie-shooting would have been even faster if California had not, last July, also got into the game of giving out incentives. Ten feature films which would otherwise have been made outside the state were filmed in Los Angeles in the second half of 2009 purely because of this financial aid. But California’s incentives are relatively modest, says Ms Lemisch, and are set to expire in 2014.It may seem strange that even states with budget crises, suchas Michigan, New York or California, choose to make their deficits worse with such giveaways—and in Michigan the tax credits have indeed become controversial. But states and countries are enthusiastic about hosting film crews, for good reason. With no factories to build, the economic benefit is instantaneous. Jack Kyser at the Los Angeles County Economic Development Corporation estimates that the average film (with a budget of $32m) leads to 141 jobs directly, from caterers to make-up artists, and another 425 jobs indirectly. And it generates $4.1m in sales taxes and income taxes.Even with its film schools and armies of cameramen and extras, therefore, Hollywood is not quite as unshakable as it once thought. The business of film-making may split, says Ms Lemisch, with the lawyers, agents and other suits staying in their Brentwood and Bel Air villas, and the crews decamping. Every time a film is shot in another state, moreover, the locals pick up skills that make subsequent shoots easier. In a sign of how desperate Los Angeles is becoming, the city is now considering offering its most treasured resource to crew members at no charge: parking places.六级阅读第二部分（新题型）主讲：赵南望Text 1It’s a universal phenomenon, and one of the most common things we do. We laugh many times a day, for many different reasons, but rarely think about it, and seldom consciously control it. We know so little about the different kinds and functions of laughter, and my interest really starts there. Why do we do it? What can laughter teach us about our positive emotions and social behaviour? There’s so much we don’t know about howthe brain contributes to emotion and I think we can get at understanding this by studying laughter.Only 10 or 20 percent of laughing is a response to humor. Most of the time, it's a message we send to other people——communicating joyful disposition, a willingness to bond and so on. It occupies a special place in social interaction and is a fascinating feature of our biology, with motor, emotional and cognitive components. Scientists study all kinds of emotions and behaviour, but few focuses on this most basic ingredient. Laughter gives us a clue that we have powerful systems in our brain which respond to pleasure, happiness and joy. It's also involved in events such as release of fear.My professional focus has always been on emotional behaviour. I spent many years investigating the neural basis of fear in rats, and came to laughter via that route. When I was working with rats, I noticed that when they were alone, in an exposed environment, they were scared and quite uncomfortable. Back in a cage with others, they seemed much happier. It looked as if they played with one another——real rough-and-tumble——and I wondered whether they were also laughing. The neurobiologist Jaak Panksepp had shown that juvenile rats make short vocalizations, pitched too high for humans to hear, during rough-and-tumble play. He thinks these are similar to laughter. This made me wonder about the roots of laughter.Everything humans do has a function, and laughing is no exception. Its function issurely communication. We need to build social structures in order to live well in our society and evolution has selected laughter as a useful device for promoting social communication. In other words, it must have a survival advantage for the species.The brain scans are usually done while people are responding to humorous material. You see brainwave activity spread from the sensory processing area of the occipital lobe, the bit at the back of the brain that processes visual signals, to the brain’s frontal lobe. It seems that the frontal lobe is involved in recognising things as funny. The left side of the fronta l lobe analyses required to “get” jokes. Finally, activity spreads to the motor areas of the brain controlling the physical task of laughing. We also know about these complex pathways involved in laughter from neurological illness and injury. Sometimes after brain damage, tumours, stroke or brain disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, people get “stonefaced syndrome” and can’t laugh.I laugh a lot when I watch amateur videos of children, because they’re so natural. I’m sure they’re not forcing anything funny to happen. I don’t particularly laugh hard at jokes, but rather at situations. I also love old comedy movies such as Laurel and Hardy and an extremely ticklish. After starting to study laughter in depth, I began to laugh and smile more in social situations, those involving either closeness or hostility. Laughter really creates a bridge between people, disarms them, and facilitates amicable behaviour.[A] What have they found?[B] Is it true that laughing can make us healthier?[C] So why do people laugh so much?[D] What makes you laugh?[E] How did you come to research it?[F] So what’s it for?Text 2If you're a socially awkward, glass-half-empty sort of person,take note: New research suggests having a "distressed" personality may jeopardize your health. A study published today in the journal Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes finds that those with this personality type, known as Type D, are at three times the risk for future heart problems, including peripheral artery disease, heart failure, and death, compared to more optimistic sorts.Type D personality, first defined in the '90s, is characterized by feelings of negativity, depression, anxiety, stress, anger, and loneliness. Type D personalities sweat the small stuff and often expect the worst. They have trouble making friends and often have low self-esteem. They are tense, chronically angry, and overreact to stressful situations; they also tend to conceal their feelings from others out of fear of rejection. About 20 percent of healthy Americans are Type D's, as are up to half of people being treated for heart problems, says study author Johan Denollet, a psychologist at Tilburg University in the Netherlands.Denollet and his colleagues analyzed 49 previous studies involving more than 6,000 people and found that Type D spells trouble—especially for heart patients, who had a greater risk of dying if they had this personality type, compared to non-D's. "It really adds weight to the argument that this core, hostile personality is a concern—or ought to be a concern—for people who have it," says Barry Jacobs, a clinical psychologist and American Heart Association spokesman. "If you perceive things in a particularly skewed, negative way, your body will become more reactive over time, and there will be long-term health consequences." In previous research, Denollet studied nearly 300 heart patients in a cardiac rehabilitation program and found that 27 percent of those classified as Type D died within eight years(mostly of heart attacks and strokes), compared to 7 percent of the non-D’s.The link between Type D personality and poor health outcomes is most likely driven by its hallmark high stress levels, Denollet says. Unlike Type A's who vent, Type D's—who don't tend to speak up for themselves or express their emotions—have nooutlet for their stress. Stress causes high cortisol levels, which, in turn, can elevate blood pressure and lead to chronic, artery-damaging inflammation. Behavior probably plays a role, too, says Denollet, since Type D's are less likely to exercise, quit smoking, and are rather bad at "complying with treatment programs." And because they're typically tense and insecure in social situations, Type D's may also shy away from seeking medical care or prefer not to discuss worrisome symptoms with their doctors.A 14-question scale is used to determine whether folks have Type D. But you can ask yourself the following questions: Do you often feel unhappy? Is your view of the world gloomy? Are you often irritated, or in a bad mood? Do you make a big deal out of unimportant issues? Is it difficult for you to start conversations? Do you tend to keep people at a distance? Answering yes to several may clue you in that you need to make some changes.While personality can be tough to change, psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy may help those who find that their extreme pessimism or social withdrawal affects their daily functioning. For most Type D's, however, professional help isn't necessary. "People can work on changing their outlook. Sometimes they turn over a new leaf because of an experience they've had, and they learn to count their blessings," Jacobs says. "Having a good attitude about the world, avoiding negativethinking, and learning to relax [should] all become part of a heart-wellness program."Text 3Current gym dogma holds that to build muscle size you need to lift heavy weights. However, a new study conducted at McMaster University has shown that a similar degree of muscle building can be achieved by using lighter weights. The secret is to pump iron until you reach muscle fatigue.The findings are published in PLoS ONE."Rather than grunting and straining to lift heavy weights, you can grab something much lighter but you have to lift it until you can't lift it anymore," says Stuart Phillips, associate professor of kinesiology at McMaster University. "We're convinced that growing muscle means stimulating your muscle to make new muscle proteins, a process in the body that over time accumulates into bigger muscles."Phillips praised lead author and senior Ph.D. student Nicholas Burd for masterminding the project that showed it's really not the weight that you lift but the fact that you get muscular fatigue that's the critical point in building muscle. The study used light weights that represented a percentage of what the subjects could lift. The heavier weights were set to 90% of a person's best lift and the light weights at a mere 30% of what people could lift. "It's a very light weight," says Phillips noting that the 90-80% range is usually something people can lift from 5-10 times before fatigue sets in. At 30%, Burd reported that subjects could lift that weight at least 24 times before they felt fatigue."We're excited to see where this new paradigm will lead," says Phillips, adding that these new data have practicalsignificance for gym enthusiasts but more importantly for people with compromised skeletal muscle mass, such as the elderly, patients with cancer, or those who are recovering from trauma, surgery or even stroke.Text 4When the clock struck midnight on June 30th the number of jobless men in America increased by 450. Few, though, will pity these idle labourers. The average among them earned around $5m last year.Their employers had long thought that too much. So the owners of the National Basketball Association (NBA) locked out their players after the two sides failed to reach a new collective-bargaining agreement. With the National Football League (NFL) in a similar state of abeyance, sports fans are becoming well-versed inAmerican labour law.As with the NFL, the NBA lockout comes at an inopportune time. The decision was taken just 18 days after an exciting championship that saw the leag ue’s most captivating (and skilled) villain, LeBron James of the Miami Heat, outplayed by a likeable legend, Dirk Nowitzki of the victorious Dallas Mavericks. That capped a season in which sales of tickets and merchandise, as well as TV ratings, were up.“We had a great year in terms of the appreciation of our fans for our game. It just wasn’t a profitable one for the owners,” says David Stern, the league’s longtime commissioner. He claims that 22 of the NBA’s 30 teams are losing money.As a result, team owners want fundamental changes to the economic structure of the league. For starters, that means replacing the current soft cap on players’ salaries with a hardone that will do more to limit the contracts doled out by the wealthier clubs. They also want to see the league’s revenues, which amounted to $3.8 billion last season according to Forbes, split up in a way that is much more favourable to them and less favourable to the players.The players, in turn, accuse the owners of poor teamwork. They say that more revenue-sharing between the league’s haves and have-nots could resolve the teams’ exaggerated financial troubles. Much depends on whose numbers you believe.In the end the players will probably have to make at least modest concessions on their contracts and salaries, but they have thus far rejected the owners’ demanding proposals. About the only thing the two sides currently agree on is how far apart they are, raising fears that the next season may be cancelled altogether.The NFL, on the other hand, looks to be moving closer to a deal that would end its four-month work stoppage. But that ought not to raise the hopes of NBA fans much. No NFL team appears to be losing money and the league’s basic economic framework is not in dispute. The incentives facing each sport are also quite different. With pre-season games only a month away, further squabbling could cost the NFL as much as $200m for each missed week of practice. Compare that with the NBA, where some owners may actually prefer to forgo another unprofitable season if it results in a better deal.Text 5Here I want to try to give you an answer to the questions what personal qualities are desirable in a teacher? Probably no two people would draw up exactly similar lists, but I think the following would be generally accepted.First, the teacher’s personality should be pleasant ly live and attractive. This does not rule out people who are physically plain, or even ugly, because many such have great personal charm. But it does rule out such types as the over-excitable, melancholy, frigid, sarcastic, cynical, frustrated, and over-bearing: I would say too, that it excludes all of dull or purely negative personality. I still stick to what I said in my earlier book that school children probably “suffer more from bores than from brutes.”Secondly, it is not merely desirable but essential for a teacher to have a genuine capacity for sympathy——in the literal meaning of that word; a capacity to tune in to the minds and feelings of other people, especially, since most teachers are school teachers, to the minds and feelings of children. Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant——not, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the frailty and immaturity of human nature which induce people, and again especially children, to make mistakes.Thirdly, I hold it essential for a teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest. This does not mean being a plaster saint. It means that he will be aware of his intellectual strengths, and limitations, and will have thought about and decided upon the moral principles by which his life shall be guided. There is no contradiction in my going on to say that a teacher should be a bit of an actor. That is part of the technique of teaching, which demands that every now and then a teacher should be able to put on an act——to enliven a lesson, correct a fault, or award praise. Children, especially young children, live in a world that is rather larger than life.A teacher must remain mentally alert. He will not get into theprofession if of low intelligence, but it is all too easy, even for people of above-average intelligence, to stagnate intellectually——and that means to deteriorate intellectually. A teacher must be quick to adapt himself to any situation, however improbable and able to improvise, if necessary at less than a moment’s notice.On the other hand, a teacher must be capable of infinite patience. This, I may say, is largely a matter of self-discipline and self-training; we are none of us born like that. He must be pretty resilient; teaching makes great demands on nervous energy. And he should be able to take in his stride the innumerable petty irritations any adult dealing with children has to endure.Finally, I think a teacher should have the kind of mind which always wants to go on learning. Teaching is a job at which one will never be perfect; there is always something more to learn about it. There are three principal objects of study: the subject, or subjects, which the teacher is teaching; the methods by which they can best be taught to the particular pupils in the classes he is teaching; and——by far the most important——the children, young people, or adults to whom they are to be taught. The two cardinal principles of British education today are that education is education of the whole person, and that it is best acquired through full and active co-operation between two persons, the teacher and the learner.[A] It’s the teachers’ obligation to be upright[B] Good characteristics are important[C] Teachers should show endurance[D] Teachers can make quick adjustment[E] Teachers should never stop learning[F] Teachers should identify with students。

2014考研英语辅导大学英语六级写作讲义目录第一章知彼知己................................................................................................ 错误！未定义书签。

第一节大纲要求......................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。

第二节评分标准......................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。

第二章真题类型................................................................................................ 错误！未定义书签。

第一节论说文............................................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。

（一）现象解析类.............................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。

（二）观点论证类.............................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。

第二节应用文............................................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。

海天教育四级作文课程主讲:赵南望1.The best books are those which stir us up most and make us the most determined to do something and be something ourselves.⑤2. We cannot escape the influence of what we read any more than we can escape the influence of the air that we breathe.⑦3. Whatever you read, read with enthusiasm, with energy, read with the whole mind, if you would increase your mental stature.⑥4. If we habitually read books that are elevating in tone, pure in style, sound in reasoning, and keen in insight, our minds develop the same characteristics. ⑥⑦5. South Korean women face social pressure to quit when they have children, making it hard to stay on the career fast track.6. Perhaps Nokia and RIM should copy Apple’s strategy, not its phones, and get r eady to ride the next wave of the digital revolution, whatever that may be.7. Many women (and some men) work from home to allow themselves the flexibility to pick up kids from school.8. Yet, there is reason to have hope for the future.9. The consequences are just too great to ignore.10. Is the （XXX）uniquely vulnerable to the ravages of time?11. I want to offer new perspectives.12. The combination of the increased burden of AIDS in the developing world and the absence of affordable therapies and vaccines has raised the sensitivity of health professionals to issues of ethics and equity in international biomedical research.③④⑤13. As is abundantly clear from their art and literature, the ancients attached great importance to ideals of bodily perfection and to outward appearance in general.②14. Schools can take a major step in closing the gap between their highest-performing and lowest-performing students by expecting the same effort from students who perform below basic as from proficient readers.⑥15. One of the most pressing challenges that China——and indeed, the world——will face in the next few decades is how to alleviate the growing stress that human activities are placing on the environment.16. Incontrovertible evidence from many studies shows that a higher level of education and greater mental activity throughout life correlate with lower (XX) losses.⑤17. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. ③④18. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselvesinto a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities——those of love and of reason——are the aims of all social arrangements.⑥19. As we should associate with people who can inspire us to nobler deeds, so we should only read those books which have an uplifting power, and which stir us to make the most of ourselves and our opportunities.⑥⑦20. Human activities can harm or destroy local ecosystems unless land development for housing or businesses is carefully planned to conserve and sustain the ecology of the area.21. The high-tech revolution has inspired a seemingly endless stream of new and exciting electronic products that we just can’t live without. In fact, the dizzying speed of technological innovation can make last year’s must-have this year’s junk.②22. Researchers agree that high achievers often are highly emotionally intelligent, particularly those in fields that demand keen insight into others motivations and feelings——chief executives, salespeople, therapists and military leaders, for example. But there’s dis agreement over exactly what constitutes emotional intelligence, how to measure it and whether it matters more than IQ.④23. Lack of control is generally considered one of the biggest job stressors, so it used to be thought that middle managers carried the brunt: Sandwiched between the top and the bottom, they end up with little authority. ③24. For most of youngsters, a family move, whether it is just down the block or to a strange, new city, is a difficult and trying experience that usually involves a degree of sadness, apprehension and emotional upheaval that some authors have compared todealing with death or divorce. ③25. We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances is pervasive. ②26. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. ④27. The children who showed the most gains over the year in terms of learning the alphabet and numbers, as well as achieving basic reading and math skills, were those who had more individual interaction with teachers. ②③④28. In 2007, an influential paper in the journal Behavioral and Brain Functions found that while most of us process emotions through the right hemisphere of the brain, about 35% of people — especially victims of trauma — process their hurt and anger through their left brain, where logic and language sit.①②29. The hybrid nature of today’s society is a valuable resource that companies and businesses should tap into in their quest to innovate.⑦30. Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that minor we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself.③④⑦31. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise.③④32. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. ②33. To be seen as powerful and confident on the job, the rules are clear: Always stand up straight and offer a solid handshake.34. Cultural changes can come about due to the environment, to inventions and other internal influences, and to contact with other cultures.35. Surveys show that cheating in school----plagiarism, forbidden collaboration on assignments, copying homework and cheating on exams---has soared since researchers first measured the phenomenon on a broad scale at 99 colleges in the mid-1960s.36. Honesty and integrity are not only values but also habits---habits that can be encouraged in school settings, with positive benefits later in life.37. For starters, not just absolute student test performance should be taken into account, but also how much students grow over the course of a year.38. For the activists and government officials who push the bans , the main point is to discourage smoking by making it inconvenient and socially unacceptable, transforming it into a shameful vice practiced only in privacy and isolation.39. Meeting and mastering these special challenges can bring unanticipated satisfactions and rewarding depths of family closeness and affection.40. Though it’s long been known that poor health and unemployment often go together, questions have lingered about whether unemployment triggers illness, or whether people in ill health are more likely to leave a job, be fired or laid off.41. By trying to be optimistic and positive you can obtain a much greater level ofcontentment in your life, and develop an understanding that a wider scope of what is attractive to you in other people will greatly enhance the likelihood of your meeting someone to whom you are very attracted and who is attracted to you.42. Progressive employers recognize the value of good employees, and many are willing to find ways to help current employees deal with short-term or permanent changes caused by family situations.43. It is computers that make our life diverse, convenient, dynamic, vibrant, without which our life would probably pale.44. It is obvious that it is becoming a fashion for people to ask questions online when confronting a dilemma.45. Effective steps should be taken to educate people to avoid and elude inappropriate and even wrong data online so as not to be misguided.46. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldn't be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.47. Young people should be encouraged to communicate with their peers and develop their interpersonal skills, which may help them greatly to reduce dependence on their parents and are essential in the maintenance of healthy mental condition.48. With the opening and reform policy being carried out, thousands upon thousands of foreign visitors are crowding into our country. They are eager to see this old mysterious land with a splendid culture of more than 5,000years.49. Television is more than just an electronic appliance; it is a means of expression, aswell as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.50. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.51. In my opinion, there are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society, but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified highly can make use of them to achieve purpose.52. To average people, they often tend to live under the illusion that English often means a good opportunity for one's career, is this really the case?53. "The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, make them." Such is the remark made by Bernard Shaw, a great writer. This view has been shared now by more and more people.54. Besides, the living standard of the average Chinese is still not high enough to be able to afford the many different sorts of expensed during long distance travels.55. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.56. In addition, in order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.。

浅谈2014年6月四级阅读理解真题作者：陈科来源：《新东方英语》2014年第09期四、六级的存废之争已经持续了多年。

去年年底教育部放出风声，英语即将退出各地高考，改为社会化、一年多次的考试形式，大致在2017年开始在全国实行。

进而有传言，英语可能会退出大学必修课，转为选修课。

在这个大背景下，大家就不难理解为何近年来四、六级考试的形式和内容在不断“折腾”。

首先是若干年前试点上机考试，满城风雨后却销声匿迹。

其次是近三年题型和考试流程花样翻新。

2012年年底推出一题多卷，三套试题，经过调整选项顺序可以在考场上变成六套试卷。

2013年年底又再次推翻使用不过七年的试卷结构，来了次大换血：复合式听写取消句子的听写，变成只听写单词和词组；快速阅读部分从“单项选择+填空”的7+3形式改成模仿雅思考试的信息匹配形式；取消了完型填空题；原来的句子汉译英改为段落汉译英。

虽然谁也不能推测以后四、六级是否还会再有所变化，但作为考生，我们能做的就是积极应考。

接下来，笔者主要为考生分析的是四级阅读理解部分的真题。

该部分题型主要包括三种：选词填空、快速阅读（信息匹配）和深度阅读（传统的仔细阅读）。

因为深度阅读的两篇文章难度不大，解题思路与以往也没有变化，所以笔者在本文中不再赘述，将只分析选词填空和信息匹配两种题型。

——最熟悉的陌生人选词填空的出题形式是给出一篇220～300个单词的文章，文章空出十个空格，要求考生从文章后给出的15个备选项中选出十个单词填入空格，使文章在意思和结构上完整。

此次选词填空给出的备选单词初看起来难度一般，几乎没有生词和怪词。

不过，有两个考查熟词僻义的词蒙蔽了考生的双眼，让很多考生在这两处失分，这两个词为dramatic和maintain。

就dramatic这个单词来说，很多考生只知道它是drama （戏剧）的形容词形式，平时复习时也没有费力去翻阅字典，深究其意。

其实，在日常使用中dramatic表示“戏剧性的”这一含义并不常见，反而往往表达striking、very great、sudden、impressive等含义，中文可以理解为“引人注目的；重大的；突然的；给人深刻印象的”。