英语字母及字母组合的发音规则
令狐采学
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词
a 在开音节中[ei] name plane Jane baby cake 在闭音节中[?] bag dad hat map black back e 在开音节中[i:] he these me Chinese 在闭音节中[e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i 在开音节中[ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 在闭音节中fish big drink sit milk swim
o 在开音节中[ou] those close go hoe home no 在闭音节中[?] clock not box shop sock
u 在开音节中[ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中[∧] bus cup jump much lunch 在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super
二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读音例词
a在[w]音后面[?] want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前[α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前[ai] find child light high
o在-st -ld前[ou] most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前[∧] come monkey love mother
三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词
a [?] China another woman breakfast [i]orange comrade village cabbage
e [?] hundred student open weekend [i]chicken pocket begin children
i [?]/ holiday beautiful family animal
[ai] exercise satellite
o [?] second tonight somebody welcome
[?u] also zero photo
u [?] autumn difficult
[ju:] popular congratulation January 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate
u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue 在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[?]音，也可以读作[i]音。
四、-r音节元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音元音字母组合读音例词
a r [α:] car farm dark sharpener 在[w]音后面[?:] warm quarter towards
or[?:] forty morning short 在[w]音后面[?:] word worker worse
er ir ur [?:] certainly bird Thursday 辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carry sorry hurry
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[?]音，例如：dollar teacher forget Saturday
五、-re音节元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音元音字母组合读音例词
are [??] care dare hare [i?] ere here mere
ore [?:] more score before
ure [ju?] pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[?]音，例如：picture pleasure 重读元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读[r]音。例如：parent zero story during inspiring 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange very American paragraph
六、元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音元音字母组合读音例词
ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play
air[??] air hair chair pair repair
al在f m前[?] small ball talk wall all
[?:l] always also salt almost
[α:] half calm
au/aw [?:] autumn daughter draw
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
[ei] break great
ear [i?] hear dear near clear year [??] bear pear wear swear
[?:] earth learn early
ee [i:] jeep week green three
eer [i?] pioneerdeer beer
ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they
[i:] either key
eu/ew在j l r s后[ju:] new few newspaper
[u:] flew brew jewelry
ie/ei[s]音之后[i:] piece field receive
oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor [C:] roar board door floor
oi/oy [Ci] noise point boy toilet
oo [u:] broom food tooth school
book look cook foot good
ou/ow [au] flower house count down
[ou] know row throw though
[∧] young country enough
[u:] group you soup
our [C:] course your four
[auE] our hour ours
[E:] journey
ui在j l r s后[ju:i] fluid suicide tuition
[u:] juice fruit suit
七、非重读音节中元音字母组合和字群的读音元音字母组合或字群读音例词
ai/ay ei/ey Sunday foreign monkey
ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow 元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion [Fn] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后[Vn] vision decision occasion
-tion在s后[tFEn] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle
-sure [VE] pleasure measure
-ture [tFE] picture culture
八、元音字母组合在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字母组合仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如：everyday[ei] handbag[?] blackboard[C:] 有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如：sun太阳+ day[ei]日子＞Sunday 星期天holy神圣+ day[ei]日子＞holiday 假日break中断+
fast[α:]斋戒＞breakfast[E] 早餐cup茶杯+ board木板[C:] ＞cupboard[E] 碗柜
九、辅音字母组合的读音辅音字母组合读音例词
b bike bus bag
[/] bomb tomb
cc在e前或在i/y前[k] cake picture coat music
[s] face decide cinema
ch [tF] much chick rich teacher
[k] school headache chemistry
[F] machine
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock
d [d] doctor bread hand day
-dge [dV] bridge fridge
dr- [dr] children driver drink
f [f] five four breakfast
gg在e i/y前[^] bag garden go
[dV] orange large German
gh [f] cough enough
[/] light daughter high
gu- -guegu在非重读音节中[^] guess league dialogue
[^w] language anguish
h [h] hot head house hand
[/] hour honest
j [dV] jeep jar joke join July
k [k] kind bike skate make week
kn- [n] knife know knock
l [l] life milk school tall
m [m] monkey come autumn
-mn [m] autumn column solemn
nn在[k] [g]音前[n] not shine ten note
[N] uncle thank hungry
-ng [N] morning young wrong
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen
ph [f] elephant photo telephone
q [k] Iraq
qu- [kw] quality quite
r [r] red rubber ruler
s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前[s] sit sleep desk
[z] music husband
sc- [sk] scarlet
[s] muscle science
sh [F] she fish shirt wash
t在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前[t] ten letter meet
[F] patient nation
tch [tF] watch
th在通常情况下在冠词代词介词连词中在词尾-the -ther中[θ] thin thirty method [T] the these with than
[T] clothe fathe r weather
tr- [tr] tree train country truck
v [v] very voice love leave
w [w] week win wake sweet wait
[/] Answer two
wh-wh-在字母o前[w] what when white why
[h] who whose whole
x在重读元音前[ks] box text exercise
[gz] example exist exact
wr- [r] write
y- [j] yes yard yellow young
z [z] puzzle zero zoo
国际音标元音发音一览表
重读闭音节
重读开音节
非重读音节
R音节
字母组合
a
[?] bag cat jam map happy sad back fact hand pan
[ei] cake date face game paper lady mistake
[i] bandage climate palace village massage
[?] about Canada China woman sofa address [ɑ:] arm car dark farm garden yard park market
ai(ay)-[ei] aim fail may lay
au-[?:] fault pause cause
aw-[?:] draw hawk lawyer
air-[??] chair fair hair pair
are-[??] care dare share spare
e
[e] bed desk get leg lesson message neck pen rest send ten [i:] even fever he metre she these
[i] before collage cinema decide enjoy jacket
[?] garden licence open silent excellent travel
[?:] nerve serve term
(重) assert certain her
[?] dinner order farmer
(非) concert perhaps
ee-[i:] beef deep free green
ea-[e] bread dead head ready
-[i:] beat cheap each leaf
ei-[ei] rein vein veil
-[i:] ceiling seize
i(y)
[i] big fish gift milk pick rich any copy enemy
[ɑi] bike nine shine time silent title cry fly my sky style
[i] animal English family mistake capital
[?:] bird first girl dirty
[?] affirmation tapir
ie-[i:] chief field piece thief
igh-[ɑi] beight right light high
o
[?] box cock dog fox job on shop wrong
[?u] go no code hope note rose smoke vote
[?] memory obey today consider balcony
[?:] for horse north short sport morning
[?] actor doctor forget mirror comfort
ou-[ɑu] about cloud found
-[?u] mould shoulder soul
-[u:] group route soup
ow-[ɑu] cow down flower
-[?u] bowl flow know
oi-[?i] boil choice coin soil
oo-[u:] boot food moon zoo
-[u] book cook foot good
[?] come some money none ton cover glove love mother other u
[?] brush club dust fun gun just sun
[u] bush full pull push
[ju:] duty excuse future huge pupil use
[?] autumn column injury industry support [?:] burn church hurt
[?] murmur pursue
surprise Saturday
ui-[u:] juice fruit cruise
-[ju:]suit suitable suitcase
uy-[ai] buy guy
ure-[ju?] cure pure secure
-[u?] assure insure sure
国际音标元音发音一览表