动词加s和ing地方法
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动词加ing变化规则
一、结尾直接加ing
在动词的结尾,如果动词的字母组合是“元辅”结构,即最后一个字母是元音字母,那么通常直接加“-ing”。
例如:playing、reading、writing 等。
二、以e结尾,去e加ing
如果动词是以元音字母e结尾的,那么在加ing时,通常要去掉e再加“-ing”。
例如:dancing、swimming、buying等。
三、以辅音加y结尾,改y为i加ing
如果动词是以辅音字母加y结尾的,那么在加ing时,通常要把y改为i 再加“-ing”。
例如:flying、dying、lying等。
四、重读闭音节,双写最后一个字母加ing
如果动词是一个重读闭音节,也就是说,单词中有一个元音字母,后面跟着两个辅音字母或辅音字母组合,那么在加ing时,通常需要将最后一个辅音字母双写后再加“-ing”。
例如:stopping、running、hopping等。
动词i n g的变化规则文稿归稿存档编号:[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-动词的第三人称单数的变化规则1、一般情况下,动词后面直接加-s.work-worksget-getssay-saysread-reads2、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把y变为i再加-es.例如:study-studiestry-triescarry-carriesfly-fliescry-cries3、以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的动词,在后面加-es。
go-goesteach-teacheswash-washesbrush-brushescatch-catchesdo-doesfix-fixes动词ing的变化规则1.一般动词直接加–inggo---goingwork---workinglook---looking2.以-y结尾的动词,直接加-ingsay---sayingenjoy---enjoyingcry---cryingcarry---carryingstudy---studying3.以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y再加–ingdie---dying,lie---lying,tie---tying4.以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e加–ingmake-makingwrite-writinglove-writinghate-hatinghope-hopingtake-takingsave-savingbreathe-breathingproduce-producing注意:be-beingsee-seeingagree-agreeing5.以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要双写这一辅音字母,再加-ing。
begin-beginningadmit-admittingsit-sittingfit-fittinghit-hittingprefer-preferringswim-swimmingshop-shoppingcut-cuttingget-gettingforget-forgettingspit-spittingshut-shuttingstop-stoppingplan-planningdig-diggingdrop-droppingstep-stepping注意:blow-blowinggrow-growingdraw-drawingbow-bowingshow-showingknow-knowing动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则规则变化:1.一般在动词词尾直接加ed。
动词ing形式的用法及变化规则二.动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成,其规则如下:1)一般情况下直接加ing think---thinking sleep---sleepingstudy---studyin g speak---speakingcarry---carryin g say---saying2)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e,再加ingwake---waking make---making come---comingtake---taking leave---leaving have---having3)以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing初中学过的这类词有:begin,cut, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid, 等。
visit 不是以重读闭音节结尾,不用双写travel虽然重读第一音节,词尾音节不重读,但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母,然后再加ing ,如:travel---travelling.初中阶段此类词只有这一个。
4)以y 结尾的动词直接加ingcarry——carrying enjoy——enjoying5)以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y ,再加ingdie---dying lie---lying动词第三人称单数的变化规则及练习一、变化规则1、直接在动词后+s例如: like- likes play-plays2、以s, x, sh, ch, 接尾的动词:+es例如: wash-washes3、以辅音+o接尾的动词:+es例如: go-goes4、以辅音+y接尾的动词:变y为i+es例如: fly-flies英语名词单数变复数的规则一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。
姓名班别一、五大时态的区别二、名词复数的构成方法1、直接在名词后面加上“s”,如book---books2、以字母“s”、“x”、“sh”、“ch”结尾的,在单词后加“es”.如:glass—glasses box—boxes fish—fishes watch—watches3、辅音加“y”结尾的,将“y”改为“i”,再加“es”。
如:lady—ladies family--families4、以“f”“fe”结尾的,将“f”“fe”改为“v”,再加“es”,单词roof除外。
如:leaf –leaves knife—knives wife—wives roof---roofs5、以字母“o”结尾的单词(1)、有生命的加“”,如:potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoes hero—heroes(2)、没有生命的,加“s”.如:piano—pianos photo—photos(3)、以字母组“oo”结尾的,加“s”,如:zoo—zoos kangaroo—kangaroos bamboo—bamboos6、不规则变化:man-men woman-women child-children7、不变的:sheep-sheep fish—fish deer—deer二、动词ing形式的构成方法1)、直接在动词后面加“ing”,如:clean---cleaning2)、以字母“e”结尾的,去“e”加“ing”,单词“see”除外。
如:make---making3)、重读闭音节,双写最后一个字母,再加“ing”,如:swim---swimming,要双写的单词有:run get begin put skip shop travel forget三、动词“s”形式的构成方法:1)、直接在动词后面加“s”,如:play---plays2)、以字母“s”、“x”、“o”、“sh”、“ch”结尾的,加“es”.如:fish—fishes go—goeswash---washes teach---teaches catch--catches3)、辅音加“y”结尾的,将“y”改为“i”,再加“es”,如:study---studies四、动词过去式规则变化的构成方法1、直接在动词后加上“ed”.如:clean—cleaned2、以字母“e”结尾的,直接在动词后加“d”,如:live—lived change---changed3、重读闭音节,双写最后一个字母,再加“ed”。
动词第三人称单数变化规则1) 一般情况下,动词后面直接加-s. 例如:works gets says reads2) 以ch,sh,s,x 或o 结尾的动词,在后面加-es。
例如:go-goes teach-,teache wash-washes brush-brushes ,catch-catches ,do-does ,fix -fixes3) 以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词,把y变为i 再加-es. 例如:study- studies try-tries carry-carries ,fly-flies cry-cries现在分词变化规则1.直接+ ing(例:sleep+ing sleeping)2.去e+ing(例:bite-e+ing biting)3重读闭音节,且末尾只有1个辅音字母,双写辅音字母+ing(例:sit+t+ing sitting)4.特殊变化:die-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying5.不规则变化现在进行时的基本用法:A 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。
例:We are waiting for you.B. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。
例:Mr. Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。
)例:She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.C.已经确定或安排好的将来活动I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(已经安排了)we're flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了)D.有些动词(状态动词不用于进行时态)1.表示知道或了解的动词:believe,doubt,forget,imagine,know, remember,realize,suppose,understand2.表示“看起来”“看上去"appear,resemble,seem3表示喜爱或不喜爱hate,like.lover.prefer4表示构成或来源的动词be come from.contain,include5表示感官的动词hear see smell sound taste6表示拥有的动词belong to.need.own .possess.want wish1、现在进行时的构成现在进行时由"be+v-ing"构成。
动词的第三人称单数的单数及发音规则:1.一般直接在此为加—s,—s在清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音或元音后读/z/,ds读/dz/, ts读/ts如help helps/s/ know knows/z/ get gets/s/ read reads/z/2.以字母s,x, ch,sh或有些以o 结尾的动词加-es,—es 读/iz/,如guess guesses fix fixes teach teaches wash washes注意:go goes/z/ do does /z/3.辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加—es,—ies读/iz/carry carries fly flies注意:在play-—-plays,say--—-says中,字母y前为元音字母,第三人称单数形式直接在动词后加—s4.特俗词例外5.be动词的第三人称单数分别为am, is, are, have则为has注意:以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是/s/,/z/,加—s后,字母”e”发音,与所加—s一起读作/iz/,如close closes/iz/动词的ing变化规则:1.一般情况直接加ing,如look-looking go---going visit-——visiting2.以不发音的e结尾的,去e再加ing,如come—--coming make—-—making write—-—writing3.以重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母的,双写该辅音字母,再加ing,如run---running stop---stopping get—-—getting swim—-—swimming begin-—-beginning 4.以辅音字母加y结尾的,直接加ing,如study---studying carry-——carrying fly--—flying cry-—-crying5.以ie结尾的重度开音节动词,先变ie为y,再加ing,如die-—-dying tie--—tying lie———lying动词的过去式变化规则:1.规则变化(1)一般直接在动词后加ed,—ed在清辅音后读/t/, 在浊辅音及元音后读/d,/—ed在/t//d/后读/id/,如call-—-called open——-opened look———looked want--—wanted /id/ need-——needed /id/(2)以不发音的“e"结尾的,直接加-d ,如live-——lived move-——moved hope-——hoped(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加—ed,(注意:如果是元音字母加y 结尾的,还是直接加—ed,如,play—-—played, enjoy-—-enjoyed)如study--—studied cry---cried try—-—tried(4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加—ed,如plan———planned fit——-fitted stop-—-stopped2.不规则变化(要特俗记忆),以下是一些常见的动词的过去式am,is-was are-were, do-did,see—saw, say-said,give-gave, get—got, go-went come—came have/has-had eat-ate,take-took run—ran put—put make—made read—read write—wrote draw-drew drink—drankfly—flew ride—rode speak-spoke sweep—swept swim-swamsit-sat hear— heard sleep—slept let-letblow-blew hurt-hurt speak—spoke buy—bought keep-kept swim-swameat-atecatch-caught know-knew stand-stood choose—chose lie-lay leave-left draw—drewteach –taught drink-drank make- made tell-told think—thought mean-meant feel—felt drive—drove meet—met write –wrote find—found fly—flewforget -forgot ring -rang see —saw ride—rodegrow—grew sing—sang/sung begin—began learn-learned/learnt可数名词变复数的规则:1.规则变化:(1)一般情况下,在词尾加-s,如book-——books boy-—-boys(2)以—s, -x,-ch, -sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es,如bus—--buses watch--—watches (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再加—es, 如city—--cities family———families(4)以—f或-fe结尾的分两类,一类直接加-s,另一类大多数情况下,将—f或-fe改为v,再加—es,如,roof-——roofs belief———beliefs leaf—-—leaves life—--lives knife—--knives2.不规则变化(1)元音字母发生变化man-——men tooth—--teeth goose---geese(2)词尾变化child-—-children mouse-—-mice(3)单复数同形sheep---sheep deer—--deer fish———fish另附清辅音与浊辅音:清辅音:[p] [t] [k] [f][s] [θ][∫][ts][t∫] [tr][h]浊辅音:[b] [d][g][v] [z] [δ][з] [dz][dз] [dr][r]音节分为开音节和闭音节,3.开音节又分为相对开音节和绝对开音节(1)相对开音节:“以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(r除外)+不发音的e”结尾的叫相对开音节。
动词变三单:动词第三人称单数的变化规则:①、一般情况下,词尾加s,如;like----likes, want----wants.②、以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的加es,如,watch---watches, go---goes。
③、以y结尾的归两大类:★元音+y要加s,如play----plays★辅音+y要变y为i+es如study---studies动词ing变化规则1.通常在动词后加ing。
如play→playing2.以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e加ing。
如make→making3.以辅元辅结尾的动词,双写末尾字母,再加ing。
如run→running4.以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加ing。
如lie→lying注:travel / quarrel可双写l,也可不双写。
如travel→travelling / traveling动词过去式变化:[1] e结尾的情况:e结尾的动词, 直接加d: smile--smiled; hope--hoped.ie结尾动词,直接加d: died;tied.[2] 双辅音结尾的情况:两个辅音字母(consonant)结尾的, 直接加ed: helped; learned.[3]两个元音+一个辅音结尾的情况:两个元音(元音字母:a,e,i,o,u)加一个辅音字母结尾的动词,直接加ed: rained; heated.[4] 一个元音+一个辅音结尾的情况:一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的动词:(1) 对单音节单词,双写最后一个辅音字母加ed. stopped; planned;(2) 对双音节单词,如果重读在第一个音节处,不双写加ed. 如: visited(重读在vis前); offered(重读在of 前);(3) 对双音节单词,如果重读在第二个音节处,双写词尾辅音字母加ed. 如: preferred(重读在fer前); admitted(重读在mit前); referred; deferred;[5] y结尾的情况:元音+y结尾动词,直接加ed: played; enjoyed.辅音+y结尾动词,y变i加ed: worried;studied.1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。
动词三单形式变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加s. ( cook--cooks, milk--milks,)
2.以s, x, sh, ch, o结尾,加es. ( guess--guesses, wash--washes, watch--watches, go--goes )
3.以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,再加es. (study--studies )
动词ing形式变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加ing. ( cook--cooking )
2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing. ( make--making, taste--tasting )
3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing. ( run--running, stop--stopping )
动词过去式变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加ed. ( pull--pulled, cook--cooked )
2.以e结尾,加d. ( taste--tasted )
3.以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,再加ed. ( study--studied )
4.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ed. ( stop--stopped )
5.动词过去式的不规则变化( give--gave )。
动词加-ing,-s/-es,-ed及名词加-s/-es的规则汇总一动词+ing:1一般情况下,直接在动词后加-ing2动词以不发音的-e结尾,要去-e加-ing3重读闭音节并且是由一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的动词,要双写辅音字母再加-ing4以-ie结尾的动词,把-ie变成y再加-ingwork_______study_______take_______make_______cut_______put_______begin_______lie_______tie_______die_______二动词+s/es(名词变复数的规则相同!)1一般情况下,在动词后+s2以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把y改为i,再加es(元音字母+y的单词直接加s)3以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词加es.(以o结尾的名词,一般下面的词加es:Negro—Negroes、hero—heroes、tomato—tomatoes、potato—potatoes)get_______ stay________watch_______ wish_______fix_______do_________go_______pass_______try_______study_______ cry_______fly_________三动词+ed:1一般情况下,动词词尾加ed(以e结尾的单词只要加d就可以了)2以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把y变为i再加ed,3以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加ed,live_______move_______ judge_______ wipe_______study_______copy_______ cry_______ carry_______empty_______ stop_______ beg_______drag_______drop_______ plan_______ drip_______答案:一:workingstudyingtakingmakingcuttingputtingbeginninglyingtyingdying二:getsstayswatcheswishesfixesdoesgoespassestriesstudiescriesflies三:livedmovedjudgedwipedstudiedcopiedcriedcarriedemptiedstoppedbeggeddraggeddroppedplanneddripped。
动词ing形式的用法及变化规则二.动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成,其规则如下:1)一般情况下直接加ing think---thinking sleep---sleepingstudy---studying speak---speakingcarry---carrying say---saying2)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e,再加ingwake---waking make---making come---comingtake---taking leave---leaving have---having3)以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing初中学过的这类词有:begin,cut, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid, 等。
visit 不是以重读闭音节结尾,不用双写travel虽然重读第一音节,词尾音节不重读,但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母,然后再加ing ,如:travel---travelling.初中阶段此类词只有这一个。
4)以 y 结尾的动词直接加 ingcarry—— carrying enjoy—— enjoying5)以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y ,再加ingdie---dying lie---lying动词第三人称单数的变化规则及练习一、变化规则1、直接在动词后+s例如:like- likes play-plays2、以s, x, sh, ch, 接尾的动词:+es例如:wash-washes3、以辅音+o接尾的动词:+es例如:go-goes4、以辅音+y接尾的动词:变y为i+es例如:fly-flies英语名词单数变复数的规则一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。
读音变化:结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。
例:friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。
读音变化:统一加读[iz]。
例:bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。
读音变化:加读[z]。
例:candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories四、以-o结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es,否则加-s构成复数。
读音变化:加读[z]。
例:tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes反例:silo→silos; piano→pianos(外来词); photo→photos; macro→macros五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词,多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves,但有例外。
读音变化:尾音[f]改读[vz]。
例:knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves反例:roof→roofs十一、部分单词的复数形式不变。
读音变化:保持原音。
例:fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; salmon→salmon十二、极少数单词,其复数形式没有任何规律。
读音变化:没有规律。
例:man→men; woman→women; child→children; person→people; ox→oxen十五、有些名词是单数、复数不分的例:deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鲑鱼; trout 鳟鱼十九、若表达具体数目,要借助数量词例:pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers练习一.写出下列动词的现在分词形式work___________ visit__________ play__________study__________dance__________ have__________take__________drop__________ lie__________sing__________ shop__________ swim__________二.选择题练习1. Who ______________ over there now?A. singingB. are singC. is singingD. sing2. It’s eight o’clock. The students _____ an English class.A. haveB. havingC. is havingD. are having3. Listen! The baby _____ in the next room.A. cryingB. criedC. is cryingD. cries4. Look! The twins _____ new sweaters.A. are wearingB. wearingC. are wearD. is wearing5. Don’t talk here. Grandparents _____.A. is sleepingB. are sleepingC. sleepingD. sleep三. 填空:1. Miss Li _______ (like) sleeping in the day.2. Listen! Who ________ (talk) with your parents3. The girl _______ ( not dance ) on Wednesday. She dances on Friday.5. Everyone _________(say) she is a good shop assistant.8. Let's ________ (eat) lunch together(一起).9. Look! A cat ________ (run) up the tree.10. It's 6:30. My brother ________ (see) a movie.11. Sam ________ (go) to school at 7:00 every day.12. Peggy is ________ (clean) the bedroom now. She is a good girl.13. --- Where ________ Mr. Green ________ (live)--- He ________ in London.14. --- ________ you ________ (clean) your bedroom--- No, I'm not. I'm cleaning the living room.15. --- ________ Nancy ________ (talk) on the phone--- No, she isn't. She ________ (eat) lunch now.名词由单数变成复数的练习写出下列名词复数leaf______ puppy_______ box_______ knife_______ fly______ fox______bus______ bench_____ brush_____ kiss______ church______ dish_____ruler______ peach________ glass_____ pencil________ boy______ zoo______ man______ roof_______ sheep_______ knife______ lady______ key______story______ watch______ bamboo______ city______ family______ day_____ apple_______ eraser______ speech______ thief______ mouse______ fish_____ goose____ people ______ ox_____ Chinese _______ deer _______ foot______ child_______ tooth_______ guy________ hero_______ spy______ boss_____ monkey______ city ______ goat ______ radio ________ horse ______ dog ______用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空:1>There are so many________ (wolf) in the forest.2>There are three ______ (chair) in the classroom.3>These _______ (tomato) are red.4>______ (hero) are great.5>My brother looks after two ______ (baby)6>There are some ______ (deer) eating the grass.7>My father likes to eat _______ (potato).8>Chinese ______ (people)like to eat noodles.9>I have a lot of ______ (toy) in my bedroom.10>I help my mother wash ______ (dish) in the kitchen.11>I have two ______ (pencil-box).12>There are some ______ (bus)in the street.13>Peter has eight _____ (foot).14>Linda has three _______ (tooth).15>There are some ______ (child) in the garden.16>Michael likes the ______ (mouse).18>My uncle and father are _____ (man).19>Tom and King are _____ (boy).20>Linda has three ______ (tooth).选出正确形式1.I can see three ________ in the zoo. A monkeys B monkeys C monkey2.The pig has four ______. A. foot B. feet C. foots3.My two brothers are both ______. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen4.There are four ___________ in the class. A. Japanese B. Japaneses C. Japan5.I can see ten _____ in the picture. A. sheep B. dog C. pig6.The _____ has three______.A. boys, watchesB. boy, watchC. boy, watches7.Can you see _______on the plate?A. breadB. breadsC. breades8.The girl often brushes her_____ before she goes to bed.A. toothB. toothsC. teeth9.Mr Black often drink some _________.A. milkB. milkskes10.There are some _____ on the floor.A. childB. waterC. books11. _______ will learn English.A. WomanB. WomenC. Man12.Lucy will show us some new ____ of hers.A. photoB. photosC. photoes13. I drank two ______.A. bottles of orangeB. bottle of orangeC. bottles of oranges14.The cat eats two ______ last night.A. mousesB. miceC. mouse15.I need a pen and some _____.A. booksB. deskC. chair写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______一、写出所给词的第三人称单数形式sit swim read make run write have go do watch cry study play say wash二、用do或does的适当形式填空1. _____ you ride a bike to school? Yes, I ________.2. ______ your sister like PE? No, she ________.3. What_______ the students have? They have some pens.4. How_______ Linda go to school? She goes to school on foot.5. He _______ not speak English. He speaks Chinese.6. _______ they watch TV on Sundays? Yes, they _______.7. My father and mother ______ not read newspapers on Saturday.四、动词的适当形式填空Jim’s father(work) in a bank.He (go) to work by bus every morning, sometimes he (ride) his bike.But he (be) never late for work. He (work) very hard.Jim (like) his father very much. They often (play)badminton(羽毛球)in front of their house, sometimes they (play) table tennis in Jim’s school.Jim (like) to talk with his father. His father (like) to hear Jim talking about his friends and his school. On Saturday or Sunday, they often (play) on the computer. Jim (have) many computer games. But he doesn’t (play) them every day. He also (work) hard at his lessons.作业:一、把下列句子改成一般疑问句并做肯定、否定回答。