Exam P table

Types of TestPlacementa placement test is designed to sort new students into teaching groups, so that they can start a course at approximately the same level as the other students in the class. It is concerned with the student’s present standing, and so relates to general ability rather than specific points of learning. As a rule the results are needed quickly so that teaching may begin. A variety of tests is necessary because a range of different activities is more likely to give an accurate overall pi cture of a student’s level than a single assessment.Sometimes one member of staff sees each student individually before the final class allocation is made. This procedure has several advantages. It helps to complete the assessment for each individual student by disclosing factors which are not revealed by the written tests, either positive ones such as a friendly, outgoing character or a higher level of production than a writing test suggests, or negative ones such as a slight stammer or more than average shyness. Perhaps the greatest advantage of the interview is that there is now the opportunity to assess both oral production (the ability to make English sounds) and fluency (the ability to sound English I na social situation) at one and the same time.DiagnosticA diagnostic test (sometimes called a formative or progress test) checks on student’s progress in learning particular elements of the course. It is used for example at the end of a unit in the course book or after a lesson designed to teach one particular point. These tests can take the form of an extension of the lesson from a practice phase into an assessment phase. They can provide information about progress which may be used systematically for remedial work. The diagnostic test tries to ans wer the question “How well have the students learned this particular material?” If his learning has been successful, the results will give a considerable lift to the student’s moral and he is likely tro approach the next learning tasks with fresh enthusiasm. If he finds he has not mastered the point at issue, the test shouldgive him clear indication sof how the falls short, so that he can do some useful revision.AchievementAn achievement test (also called an attainment test) looks back over a longer period of learning than the diagnostic test, for example a year’s work, or a whole course, or even a variety of different courses. It is intended to show the standard which the students have now reached in relation to other students at the same stage. This standard may be established for a country, as with school-leaving certificates; or it may relate to an individual school or group of schools which issues certificates to students attending courses. But the important point which is common to all these situations I that the standard remains constant as far as possible from course to course and from year to year and is external to the individual class or textbook.ProficiencyThe aim of a proficiency test is to assess the student’s ability to apply in actual situations what he has learnt. It seeks to answer the question : “Having learnt this much, what can the student do with it?”This type of test is not usually related to any particular course because it is concerned with the student’s current standing in relation to his future needs. Efforts must be made to use in the tests the kind of language which actually occurs in the situation the student will meet. For example, a test which sets out to assess the proficiency of a student hoping to follow a university course in an English-speaking country would need to take into account not only his level of skill in listening to lectures, but also his ability to take notes, to make full use of what gained from the lecture in his subsequent writing. An important elem ent in proficiency testing is to assess in some way the student’s ability to repair breakdowns in communication, by asking for a repetition or an explanation, for example, or by rephrasing what he has just tried to say.A rather typical example of a standardized proficiency test is the Test of English as aForeign Language (TOEFL). It is used by nearly 1 000 institutions higher education in the United States as an indicator of a prospective student’s ability to undertake academic work in English. The TOEFL consists of the following sections:--- Listening Comprehension measures the ability to understand English as it is spoken in the United States.--- Structure and Written Expression measures mastery of important structural and grammatical points in standard written English.--- Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension tests the ability to understand the meanings and uses of words in written English as well as the ability to understand a variety of reading materials.Proficiency tests sometimes add sections that involve free writing and/or oral production.This division of tests into separate categories is clearly rather arbitrary, and though it is convenient to say that the purpose of any test can be defined in this way, there are in practice several different purposes for every test. For example, it has been argued above that an achievement test assesses the learning that has gone before, and is therefore concerned with the past, but a student taking this kind of test usually does so because he needs the qualification to convince someone else of his future potential, either as a student in a more advanced course or as an employee. In the same way, although a proficiency test is not in theory concerned with how the student’s present stage of competence h as been arrived at, he may well have prepared for it by taking a course designed ot help him to pass.Total Words: 976Total Reading Time: ____________The text is based on A Language Testing Handbook by Andrew Harrison. London: Macmillan Press, 1983.Reading ComprehensionCircle the letter of the best answer.1. According to the author, placement test can provide information about students’ ________ .A. specific points of learningB. general abilityC. progress learning in the course2. The interview has the following advantages except _________ .A. disclosing factors which are not revealed by the written testsB. assessing both oral production and fluency at the same timeC. reducing the workload of faculty members3. A diagnostic test checks on students’ __________ .A. general language abilityB. ability to communicateC. progress in learning particular elements of the course4. It can be inferred that the diagnostic test is often _________ .A. a test for one courseB. a test for a variety of coursesC. external to the individual course or textbook5. Which of the following tests can be regarded as an achievement test?A. Mid-term test.B. Test for school-leaving certificates.C. Test for admission.6. A proficiency test _________ .A. is related to particular courses that the students have takenB. aims to assess students’ ability to apply in actual situation what they have learnedC. focuses on one specific skill the students have acquired7. The author chooses the TOEFL as an example of proficiency tests because _______ .A. the TOEFL is a well-known testB. the TOEFL includes free writing and oral productionC. the TOEFL is designed to test students’ability to conduct academic studies in Englishin the United States8. With which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?A. An achievement test is only concerned with the past.B. An achievement can sometimes be regarded as a placement test.C. A proficiency test has only one purpose.General Vocabulary ExerciseChoose the word that correctly completes the sentence.1. The candidates who wish to _____ from the examination must notify the secretary immediately.A. resignB. removeC. suspendD. withdraw2. Gradually the balloon ______ out and rose into the air.A. swelledB. expandedC. stretchedD. enlarged3. When you take medicine, be careful not to ______ that amount printed on the bottle.A. exceedB. substituteC. surpassD. overcome4. The current political ______ of our country is favorable for foreign investments.A. weatherB. climateC. temperatureD. state5. Our spokesman has ______ our position on this question.A. verifiedB. certifiedC. testifiedD. clarified6. A teacher should give attention to each _______ student in his class.A. personalB. privateC. ownD. individual7. The population of Hong Kong is ______ Chinese.A. popularlyB. regularlyC. commonlyD. predominantly8. Children feel that their parents do not give enough _______ to the problems of young people.A. consentB. appealC. affectionD. recognition9 He wears a red hat to make himself _________ so as to arrest the drivers’ attention.A conspicuousB subconsciousC ambiguousD obscure10 The income from the estate probably _____ about $ 8000 a year.A amounted toB amountedC added toD added up11 When he entered the room, he found that newspapers and magazines were _______ all over the floor.A separatedB splashedC spreadD scattered12 People usually judge a man by the ________ he keeps.A companyB companionC companiesD companionshipClozeRead through the following passage and then decide which of the choice given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.The cloze procedure originated in the 1950s 1) _______ a means of assessing the difficulty of a reading text for native speakers, but within three years 2) _______ originator was suggesting that it could be used for assessing the 3) _______ of second and foreign language learners. The principle is that single words are taken out of a text at regular intervals, 4) _______ gaps which students have to complete with appropriate “fillers,” 5) ______ only for each gap. In order to do this the student has to 6) _____ to the text on either side of the gap so that he can judge what an appropriate filler might be, taking into account 7) _______ meaning and structure.There are two types of gap:“function”gaps (such as conjunctions, prepositions, articles) 8) _____ have only one correct filler, and “semantic”gaps (such as nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs) that can be filled 9) ____ any one of a number of alternatives.The variation in acceptable fillers 10) ______ to two main systems of marking:“exact”and acceptable.”The first of these means 11) ______ only the original word is counted as correct, and 12) ______there is only one right answer, the marking is objective and can be done quick ly. In “acceptable” marking, decisions must be 13) _____ about whether a student’s offering is good enough to be counted as correct or not. It has been shown, 14) _______, that the two systems of marking produce very similar results, in the sense thatthe students are sorted into roughly the same rank order.TOEFL:TOEFL（Test of English as a Foreign Language）是由美国教育考试服务处（Educational T esting Service）举办的为申请去美国或加拿大等国家上大学或入研究生院学习的非英语国家学生提供的一种英语水平考试。

SOCIETY OF ACTUARIES/CASUALTY ACTUARIAL SOCIETYEXAM P PROBABILITYP SAMPLE EXAM QUESTIONSCopyright 2009 by the Society of Actuaries and the Casualty Actuarial Society Some of the questions in this study note are taken from past SOA/CAS examinations.U.S.A.PRINTEDIN1. A survey of a group’s viewing habits over the last year revealed the followinginformation:(i) 28% watched gymnastics(ii) 29% watched baseball(iii) 19% watched soccer(iv) 14% watched gymnastics and baseball(v) 12% watched baseball and soccer(vi) 10% watched gymnastics and soccer(vii) 8% watched all three sports.Calculate the percentage of the group that watched none of the three sportsduring the last year.(A) 24(B)36(C)41(D)52(E)602.The probability that a visit to a primary care physician’s (PCP) office results in neitherlab work nor referral to a specialist is 35% . Of those coming to a PCP’s office, 30% are referred to specialists and 40% require lab work.Determine the probability that a visit to a PCP’s office results in both lab work andreferral to a specialist.0.05(A)(B)0.120.18(C)0.25(D)(E) 0.353.You are given P[A∪B] = 0.7 and P[A∪B′] = 0.9 .Determine P[A] .(A) 0.20.3(B)0.4(C)0.6(D)(E) 0.84.An urn contains 10 balls: 4 red and 6 blue. A second urn contains 16 red balls and anunknown number of blue balls. A single ball is drawn from each urn. The probabilitythat both balls are the same color is 0.44 .Calculate the number of blue balls in the second urn.(A) 4(B)2024(C)44(D)(E) 645.An auto insurance company has 10,000 policyholders. Each policyholder is classified as(i) young or old;(ii) male or female; and(iii) married or single.Of these policyholders, 3000 are young, 4600 are male, and 7000 are married. Thepolicyholders can also be classified as 1320 young males, 3010 married males, and 1400 young married persons. Finally, 600 of the policyholders are young married males.How many of the company’s policyholders are young, female, and single?(A) 280(B) 423(C) 486880(D)(E) 8966. A public health researcher examines the medical records of a group of 937 men who diedin 1999 and discovers that 210 of the men died from causes related to heart disease.Moreover, 312 of the 937 men had at least one parent who suffered from heart disease,and, of these 312 men, 102 died from causes related to heart disease.Determine the probability that a man randomly selected from this group died of causesrelated to heart disease, given that neither of his parents suffered from heart disease.(A) 0.1150.173(B)0.224(C)0.327(D)(E) 0.5147.An insurance company estimates that 40% of policyholders who have only an auto policywill renew next year and 60% of policyholders who have only a homeowners policy will renew next year. The company estimates that 80% of policyholders who have both anauto and a homeowners policy will renew at least one of those policies next year.Company records show that 65% of policyholders have an auto policy, 50% ofpolicyholders have a homeowners policy, and 15% of policyholders have both anauto and a homeowners policy.Using the company’s estimates, calculate the percentage of policyholders that willrenew at least one policy next year.(A)2029(B)41(C)(D)53(E) 708.Among a large group of patients recovering from shoulder injuries, it is found that 22%visit both a physical therapist and a chiropractor, whereas 12% visit neither of these.The probability that a patient visits a chiropractor exceeds by 0.14 the probability thata patient visits a physical therapist.Determine the probability that a randomly chosen member of this group visits aphysical therapist.0.26(A)(B)0.380.40(C)0.48(D)(E) 0.629.An insurance company examines its pool of auto insurance customers and gathers thefollowing information:(i) All customers insure at least one car.(ii) 70% of the customers insure more than one car.(iii) 20% of the customers insure a sports car.(iv) Of those customers who insure more than one car, 15% insure acar.sportsCalculate the probability that a randomly selected customer insures exactly one car and that car is not a sports car.0.13(A)0.21(B)0.24(C)0.25(D)(E) 0.3010.An insurance company examines its pool of auto insurance customers and gathers thefollowing information:(i) All customers insure at least one car.(ii) 64% of the customers insure more than one car.(iii) 20% of the customers insure a sports car.(iv) Of those customers who insure more than one car, 15% insure a sports car.What is the probability that a randomly selected customer insures exactly one car, andthat car is not a sports car?0.16(A)0.19(B)0.26(C)0.29(D)0.31(E)11.An actuary studying the insurance preferences of automobile owners makes the followingconclusions:(i) An automobile owner is twice as likely to purchase collision coverage asdisability coverage.(ii) The event that an automobile owner purchases collision coverage isindependent of the event that he or she purchases disability coverage.thatautomobile owner purchases both collisionan(iii)Theprobabilityand disability coverages is 0.15 .What is the probability that an automobile owner purchases neither collision nordisability coverage?0.18(A)(B) 0.33(C) 0.480.67(D)(E) 0.8212. A doctor is studying the relationship between blood pressure and heartbeat abnormalitiesin her patients. She tests a random sample of her patients and notes their blood pressures (high, low, or normal) and their heartbeats (regular or irregular). She finds that:(i) 14% have high blood pressure.(ii) 22% have low blood pressure.(iii) 15% have an irregular heartbeat.(iv) Of those with an irregular heartbeat,one-third have high blood pressure.(v) Of those with normal blood pressure,one-eighth have an irregular heartbeat.What portion of the patients selected have a regular heartbeat and low blood pressure?(A) 2%(B) 5%(C) 8%(D) 9%(E) 20%13.An actuary is studying the prevalence of three health risk factors, denoted by A, B, and C,within a population of women. For each of the three factors, the probability is 0.1 thata woman in the population has only this risk factor (and no others). For any two of thethree factors, the probability is 0.12 that she has exactly these two risk factors (but notthe other). The probability that a woman has all three risk factors, given that she has Aand B, is 1.3What is the probability that a woman has none of the three risk factors, given that she does not have risk factor A?(A) 0.280(B) 0.311(C) 0.467(D) 0.484(E) 0.70014. In modeling the number of claims filed by an individual under an automobile policyduring a three-year period, an actuary makes the simplifying assumption that for all integers n ≥ 0, p p n n +=11, where p n represents the probability that the policyholder files n claims during the period.Under this assumption, what is the probability that a policyholder files more than oneclaim during the period?(A) 0.04(B) 0.16(C) 0.20(D) 0.80(E) 0.9615.An insurer offers a health plan to the employees of a large company. As part of thisplan, the individual employees may choose exactly two of the supplementary coverages A, B, and C, or they may choose no supplementary coverage. The proportions of thecompany’s employees that choose coverages A, B, and C are 115,,and ,4312 respectively.Determine the probability that a randomly chosen employee will choose nosupplementary coverage.(A) 0(B) 47144(C) 12(D) 97144(E) 7916. An insurance company determines that N , the number of claims received in a week, is arandom variable with P[N = n ] = 11,2n + where 0n ≥. The company also determines that the number of claims received in a given week is independent of the number of claims received in any other week.Determine the probability that exactly seven claims will be received during a giventwo-week period. (A) 1256(B) 1128(C) 7512(D) 164(E) 13217.An insurance company pays hospital claims. The number of claims that includeemergency room or operating room charges is 85% of the total number of claims.The number of claims that do not include emergency room charges is 25% of the total number of claims. The occurrence of emergency room charges is independent of theoccurrence of operating room charges on hospital claims.Calculate the probability that a claim submitted to the insurance company includesoperating room charges.0.10(A)0.20(B)0.25(C)0.40(D)(E) 0.8018.Two instruments are used to measure the height, h, of a tower. The error made by theless accurate instrument is normally distributed with mean 0 and standard deviation0.0056h . The error made by the more accurate instrument is normally distributed withmean 0 and standard deviation 0.0044h .Assuming the two measurements are independent random variables, what is theprobability that their average value is within 0.005h of the height of the tower?(A)0.38(B)0.47(C)0.68(D)0.84(E) 0.9019.An auto insurance company insures drivers of all ages. An actuary compiled thefollowing statistics on the company’s insured drivers:Age of Driver Probabilityof AccidentPortion of Company’sInsured Drivers16-20 21-30 31-65 66-99 0.060.030.020.040.080.150.490.28A randomly selected driver that the company insures has an accident. Calculate the probability that the driver was age 16-20.(A)0.13(B)0.16(C)0.19(D)0.23(E) 0.4020.An insurance company issues life insurance policies in three separate categories:standard, preferred, and ultra-preferred. Of the company’s policyholders, 50% arestandard, 40% are preferred, and 10% are ultra-preferred. Each standard policyholder has probability 0.010 of dying in the next year, each preferred policyholder hasprobability 0.005 of dying in the next year, and each ultra-preferred policyholderhas probability 0.001 of dying in the next year.A policyholder dies in the next year.What is the probability that the deceased policyholder was ultra-preferred?0.0001(A)0.0010(B)0.0071(C)0.0141(D)(E) 0.281721.Upon arrival at a hospital’s emergency room, patients are categorized according to theircondition as critical, serious, or stable. In the past year:(i) 10% of the emergency room patients were critical;(ii) 30% of the emergency room patients were serious;(iii) the rest of the emergency room patients were stable;critical patients died;the(iv)of40%(vi) 10% of the serious patients died; and(vii) 1% of the stable patients died.Given that a patient survived, what is the probability that the patient was categorized as serious upon arrival?(A) 0.06(B) 0.29(C) 0.30(D) 0.39(E) 0.6422. A health study tracked a group of persons for five years. At the beginning of the study,20% were classified as heavy smokers, 30% as light smokers, and 50% as nonsmokers.Results of the study showed that light smokers were twice as likely as nonsmokersto die during the five-year study, but only half as likely as heavy smokers.A randomly selected participant from the study died over the five-year period.Calculate the probability that the participant was a heavy smoker.(A)0.20(B)0.25(C)0.35(D)0.42(E) 0.5723.An actuary studied the likelihood that different types of drivers would be involved in atleast one collision during any one-year period. The results of the study are presentedbelow.Type of driver Percentage ofall driversProbabilityof at least onecollisionTeen Young adult Midlife Senior8%16%45%31%0.150.080.040.05Total 100%Given that a driver has been involved in at least one collision in the past year, what is the probability that the driver is a young adult driver?(A)0.06(B)0.16(C)0.19(D)0.22(E) 0.2524. The number of injury claims per month is modeled by a random variable N withP[N = n ] =1( + 1)( + 2)n n , where 0n ≥. Determine the probability of at least one claim during a particular month, giventhat there have been at most four claims during that month.(A) 13(B) 25(C) 12(D) 35(E) 5625. A blood test indicates the presence of a particular disease 95% of the time when thedisease is actually present. The same test indicates the presence of the disease 0.5% of the time when the disease is not present. One percent of the population actually has the disease.Calculate the probability that a person has the disease given that the test indicates the presence of the disease.(A)0.3240.657(B)0.945(C)0.950(D)(E) 0.99526.The probability that a randomly chosen male has a circulation problem is 0.25 . Maleswho have a circulation problem are twice as likely to be smokers as those who do nothave a circulation problem.What is the conditional probability that a male has a circulation problem, given that he isa smoker?(A) 14(B) 13(C) 25(D) 12(E) 2327. A study of automobile accidents produced the following data:Model year Proportion ofall vehiclesProbability ofinvolvementin an accident1997 0.16 0.051998 0.18 0.021999 0.20 0.03Other 0.46 0.04An automobile from one of the model years 1997, 1998, and 1999 was involvedin an accident.Determine the probability that the model year of this automobile is 1997 .(A)0.22(B)0.30(C)0.33(D)0.45(E) 0.5028. A hospital receives 1/5 of its flu vaccine shipments from Company X and the remainderof its shipments from other companies. Each shipment contains a very large number of vaccine vials.For Company X’s shipments, 10% of the vials are ineffective. For every other company, 2% of the vials are ineffective. The hospital tests 30 randomly selected vials from ashipment and finds that one vial is ineffective.What is the probability that this shipment came from Company X?0.10(A)0.14(B)0.37(C)0.63(D)(E) 0.8629.The number of days that elapse between the beginning of a calendar year and the momenta high-risk driver is involved in an accident is exponentially distributed. An insurancecompany expects that 30% of high-risk drivers will be involved in an accident during the first 50 days of a calendar year.What portion of high-risk drivers are expected to be involved in an accident during thefirst 80 days of a calendar year?(A) 0.15(B) 0.34(C) 0.43(D)0.57(E) 0.6630.An actuary has discovered that policyholders are three times as likely to file two claimsas to file four claims.If the number of claims filed has a Poisson distribution, what is the variance of thenumber of claims filed?(A) 131(B)(C) 22(D)(E) 431. A company establishes a fund of 120 from which it wants to pay an amount, C, to any ofits 20 employees who achieve a high performance level during the coming year. Eachemployee has a 2% chance of achieving a high performance level during the comingyear, independent of any other employee.Determine the maximum value of C for which the probability is less than 1% that thefund will be inadequate to cover all payments for high performance.(A) 24(B) 30(C) 40(D) 60(E) 12032. A large pool of adults earning their first driver’s license includes 50% low-risk drivers,30% moderate-risk drivers, and 20% high-risk drivers. Because these drivers have noprior driving record, an insurance company considers each driver to be randomly selected from the pool.This month, the insurance company writes 4 new policies for adults earning their firstdriver’s license.What is the probability that these 4 will contain at least two more high-risk drivers than low-risk drivers?0.006(A)0.012(B)0.018(C)0.049(D)(E) 0.07333. The loss due to a fire in a commercial building is modeled by a random variable Xwith density function0.005(20) for 020()0 otherwise.x x f x −<<⎧=⎨⎩Given that a fire loss exceeds 8, what is the probability that it exceeds 16 ?(A) 125(B) 19(C) 18(D) 13(E) 3734. The lifetime of a machine part has a continuous distribution on the interval (0, 40)with probability density function f , where f (x ) is proportional to (10 + x )− 2.Calculate the probability that the lifetime of the machine part is less than 6.(A) 0.04(B) 0.15(C) 0.47(D) 0.53(E) 0.9435. The lifetime of a machine part has a continuous distribution on the interval (0, 40)with probability density function f , where f (x ) is proportional to (10 + x )− 2.What is the probability that the lifetime of the machine part is less than 5?(A) 0.03(B) 0.13(C) 0.42(D) 0.58(E) 0.9736. A group insurance policy covers the medical claims of the employees of a smallcompany. The value, V , of the claims made in one year is described byV = 100,000Ywhere Y is a random variable with density function4(1)for 01()0otherwise,k y y f y ⎧−<<=⎨⎩ where k is a constant.What is the conditional probability that V exceeds 40,000, given that V exceeds 10,000?(A) 0.08(B) 0.13(C) 0.17(D) 0.20(E) 0.5137. The lifetime of a printer costing 200 is exponentially distributed with mean 2 years.The manufacturer agrees to pay a full refund to a buyer if the printer fails during the first year following its purchase, and a one-half refund if it fails during the second year.If the manufacturer sells 100 printers, how much should it expect to pay in refunds?(A) 6,321(B) 7,358 (C) 7,869(D) 10,256(E) 12,64238. An insurance company insures a large number of homes. The insured value, X , of arandomly selected home is assumed to follow a distribution with density function43for 1()0otherwise.x x f x −⎧>=⎨⎩ Given that a randomly selected home is insured for at least 1.5, what is the probability that it is insured for less than 2 ?(A) 0.578(B) 0.684(C) 0.704(D) 0.829(E) 0.87539. A company prices its hurricane insurance using the following assumptions:(i)In any calendar year, there can be at most one hurricane. (ii)In any calendar year, the probability of a hurricane is 0.05 .(iii) The number of hurricanes in any calendar year is independent of the number of hurricanes in any other calendar year.Using the company’s assumptions, calculate the probability that there are fewer than 3 hurricanes in a 20-year period.(A) 0.06(B) 0.19(C) 0.38(D) 0.62(E) 0.9240. An insurance policy pays for a random loss X subject to a deductible of C , where01C << . The loss amount is modeled as a continuous random variable with density function()2 for 010 otherwise.x x f x <<⎧=⎨⎩Given a random loss X , the probability that the insurance payment is less than 0.5 is equal to 0.64 .CalculateC.0.1(A)0.3(B)0.4(C)0.6(D)(E) 0.841. A study is being conducted in which the health of two independent groups of tenpolicyholders is being monitored over a one-year period of time. Individual participants in the study drop out before the end of the study with probability 0.2 (independently of the other participants).What is the probability that at least 9 participants complete the study in one of the twogroups, but not in both groups?(A) 0.0960.192(B)(C)0.2350.376(D)(E) 0.46942.For Company A there is a 60% chance that no claim is made during the coming year.If one or more claims are made, the total claim amount is normally distributed withmean 10,000 and standard deviation 2,000 .For Company B there is a 70% chance that no claim is made during the coming year.If one or more claims are made, the total claim amount is normally distributed withmean 9,000 and standard deviation 2,000 .Assume that the total claim amounts of the two companies are independent.What is the probability that, in the coming year, Company B’s total claim amount will exceed Company A’s total claim amount?(A)0.1800.185(B)0.217(C)(D)0.223(E) 0.24043. A company takes out an insurance policy to cover accidents that occur at its manufacturing plant. The probability that one or more accidents will occur during any given month is 35 . The number of accidents that occur in any given monthis independent of the number of accidents that occur in all other months.Calculate the probability that there will be at least four months in which no accidents occur before the fourth month in which at least one accident occurs.(A) 0.01 (B) 0.12 (C) 0.23 (D) 0.29 (E) 0.41 44.An insurance policy pays 100 per day for up to 3 days of hospitalization and 50 per day for each day of hospitalization thereafter .The number of days of hospitalization, X , is a discrete random variable with probability function6for 1,2,3,4,5()15otherwise.k k P X k −⎧=⎪==⎨⎪⎩Determine the expected payment for hospitalization under this policy.(A) 123 (B) 210 (C) 220 (D) 270 (E) 36745. Let X be a continuous random variable with density function() for 24100 otherwise.xx f x ⎧−≤≤⎪=⎨⎪⎩Calculate the expected value of X .(A) 15 (B) 35(C)1(D) 2815(E) 12546. A device that continuously measures and records seismic activity is placed in a remote region. The time, T , to failure of this device is exponentially distributed with mean 3 years. Since the device will not be monitored during its first two years of service, the time to discovery of its failure is X = max(T , 2) .Determine E [X ]. (A) 6123e −+(B)2/34/3225e e −−−+ (C) 3(D)2/323e −+ (E) 5 47.A piece of equipment is being insured against early failure. The time from purchase until failure of the equipment is exponentially distributed with mean 10 years. The insurance will pay an amount x if the equipment fails during the first year, and it will pay 0.5x if failure occurs during the second or third year. If failure occurs after the first three years, no payment will be made.At what level must x be set if the expected payment made under this insurance is to be 1000 ?(A) 3858(B) 4449 (C) 5382 (D) 5644(E) 723548. An insurance policy on an electrical device pays a benefit of 4000 if the device fails during the first year. The amount of the benefit decreases by 1000 each successive year until it reaches 0 . If the device has not failed by the beginning of any given year, the probability of failure during that year is 0.4 .What is the expected benefit under this policy?(A) 2234 (B) 2400 (C) 2500 (D) 2667 (E) 2694 49.An insurance policy pays an individual 100 per day for up to 3 days of hospitalization and 25 per day for each day of hospitalization thereafter .The number of days of hospitalization, X , is a discrete random variable with probability function6for 1,2,3,4,5()15otherwise.k k P X k −⎧=⎪==⎨⎪⎩Calculate the expected payment for hospitalization under this policy.(A) 85163(B)168(C)213(D)(E) 25550. A company buys a policy to insure its revenue in the event of major snowstorms that shutdown business. The policy pays nothing for the first such snowstorm of the year and10,000 for each one thereafter, until the end of the year. The number of majorsnowstorms per year that shut down business is assumed to have a Poisson distributionwith mean 1.5 .What is the expected amount paid to the company under this policy during a one-yearperiod?(A) 2,769(B) 5,000(C) 7,231(D) 8,347(E) 10,57851. A manufacturer’s annual losses follow a distribution with density function2.53.52.5(0.6)for 0.6()0otherwise.x f x x ⎧>⎪=⎨⎪⎩To cover its losses, the manufacturer purchases an insurance policy with an annual deductible of 2.What is the mean of the manufacturer’s annual losses not paid by the insurance policy?(A) 0.84(B) 0.88 (C) 0.93 (D) 0.95 (E) 1.0052.An insurance company sells a one-year automobile policy with a deductible of 2 . The probability that the insured will incur a loss is 0.05 . If there is a loss, the probability of a loss of amount N isKN, for N = 1, . . . , 5 and K a constant. These are the only possible loss amounts and no more than one loss can occur. Determine the net premium for this policy.(A) 0.031 (B) 0.066 (C) 0.072 (D) 0.110 (E) 0.150 53.An insurance policy reimburses a loss up to a benefit limit of 10 . The policyholder’s loss, Y , follows a distribution with density function:32for 1f ()0,otherwise.y y y ⎧>⎪=⎨⎪⎩What is the expected value of the benefit paid under the insurance policy?(A) 1.0 (B) 1.3 (C) 1.8 (D) 1.9 (E) 2.054. An auto insurance company insures an automobile worth 15,000 for one year under a policy with a 1,000 deductible. During the policy year there is a 0.04 chance of partial damage to the car and a 0.02 chance of a total loss of the car. If there is partial damage to the car, the amount X of damage (in thousands) follows a distribution with density function/20.5003 for 015()0otherwise.x e x f x −⎧<<=⎨⎩ What is the expected claim payment? (A) 320 (B) 328 (C) 352 (D) 380(E) 54055. An insurance company’s monthly claims are modeled by a continuous, positiverandom variable X , whose probability density function is proportional to (1 + x )−4, where 0 < x < ∞ .Determine the company’s expected monthly claims. (A) 16 (B) 13 (C) 12 (D) 1 (E) 356. An insurance policy is written to cover a loss, X , where X has a uniform distribution on [0, 1000] .At what level must a deductible be set in order for the expected payment to be 25% of what it would be with no deductible? (A) 250 (B) 375 (C) 500 (D) 625 (E) 750 57.An actuary determines that the claim size for a certain class of accidents is a random variable, X , with moment generating functionM X (t ) =1125004()−t .Determine the standard deviation of the claim size for this class of accidents.(A) 1,340 (B) 5,000 (C)8,660(D) 10,000(E) 11,18058. A company insures homes in three cities, J, K, and L . Since sufficient distanceseparates the cities, it is reasonable to assume that the losses occurring in these cities are independent.The moment generating functions for the loss distributions of the cities are:M J(t) = (1 – 2t)−3M K(t) = (1 – 2t)−2.5M L(t) = (1 – 2t)−4.5X represent the combined losses from the three cities.LetCalculateE(X3) .(A) 1,320(B) 2,082(C) 5,760(D) 8,000(E) 10,560。

高二英语科技词汇单选题40题1. When you want to save a document, you can click on the “Save” _____.A.buttonB.menuC.windowD.tool答案：A。

“button”是按钮的意思，保存文档时点击的是“Save”按钮。

“menu”是菜单，“window”是窗口，“tool”是工具，都不符合语境。

2. The _____ allows you to type in text on a computer.A.keyboardB.mouseC.monitorD.printer答案：A。

“keyboard”是键盘，用来在电脑上输入文本。

“mouse”是鼠标，“monitor”是显示器，“printer”是打印机，都不是用来输入文本的。

3. A program that helps you manage your files is called a _____ manager.A.fileB.textC.imageD.video答案：A。

“file manager”是文件管理器，用来管理文件。

“text”是文本，“image”是图像，“video”是视频，都不是管理文件的程序。

4. The _____ is the main part of a computer where all the processing happens.A.cpuB.ramC.hard driveD.monitor答案：A。

“cpu”是中央处理器，是电脑的主要部分，所有的处理都在那里进行。

“ram”是随机存取存储器，“hard drive”是硬盘，“monitor”是显示器，都不是主要处理部分。

5. To connect to the internet, you need a _____ connection.A.wirelessB.wiredC.bluetoothD.optical答案：A。

关于北美精算师，你必须知道的入门级知识——Exam P成为一名北美准精算师（ASA）必须要经历五门SOA的准精算师考试，而其中最简单也是大部分人最先开始学习准备的就是Exam P，即probability。

顾名思义，Exam P考察的就是最基本的数理统计与概率问题。

下面我们就来了解一下Exam P的考试形式与内容。

考试目的考生可以掌握用于定量评估风险的基本的概率方法，并着重于用这些方法应用解决精算学中遇到的问题。

参加这门考试的考生应具有一定的微积分基础，并了解基本的概率、保险和风险管理的概念。

考试形式Exam P采用机考的形式，总共30道单项选择题，考试时间为3个小时。

每道选择题共有5个选项，其中只有一个正确选项。

与SAT考试不同的是，Exam P考试答错并不会额外扣分，也就是说考生一定不要空任何一道题。

Exam P中会随机分布几道“pilot question”，这些题目是主办方用来分析从而改进将来的考试而出现的，它们的正确与否并不会影响到考生的实际分数。

但是由于考生并无法分辨出这些题目，所以对每一道题目，考生都要同样认真地对待。

考试内容概率（占总分10%－20%）最基本的事件概率计算问题。

包括集合方程与表示（sat functions）、互斥事件（mutually exclusive events）、事件独立性（independence of events）、组合概率（Combinatorial probability）、条件概率（Conditional probability）以及贝叶斯定理（Bayes theorem）等。

拥有单因素概率分布的随机变量（占总分35%－45%）连续分布或离散分布的单因素随机变量的研究。

包括PDF&CDF（Probability density functions and Cumulative distribution functions）、独立随机事件的和的分布、众数（Mode）、中位数（Median）、百分位数（Percentile）、动差（Moment）、方差（Variance）以及变形等问题。

2023年4月高等教育自学考试英语(二)全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Big English TestHello! My name is Lily and I'm 8 years old. This year, I had to take a really big English test called the Higher EducationSelf-Study Exam for English Level 2. It was super hard, but I studied really really hard too!My teacher Miss Wong told our class that we needed to take this test because English is a very important language. She said if we can speak and write good English, we can talk to people all around the world! That's so cool. I want pen pals in America, Britain, Australia, and everywhere!To get ready, we practiced English every single day at school. We learned lots of new vocabulary words like "diligent", "persevere", and "accomplish". Miss Wong said using bigger words makes you sound smarter. We also read loads of stories, articles, and poems in English. Some were pretty confusing at first, but Miss Wong helped us understand.The writing part was one of the hardest for me. We had to write all sorts of things like letters, essays, reports, and stories. Making sure I used proper grammar with the right verb tenses, punctuation, and everything was super tricky. I made so many silly mistakes at the start! But Miss Wong marked up my writing in red pen, and I learned from my errors.Speaking English was scary too. We had to answer questions, describe pictures, role play conversations, and even give full presentations in front of the class. My hands got all sweaty and I felt butterflies in my tummy! But Miss Wong said being a tiny bit nervous is okay, as long as you prepared properly. The more we practiced, the more confident I got.When the big test day finally came, I was one nervous Nelly! But I reminded myself of all the hard work I'd done. I ate a nice breakfast, did some deep breaths, and headed to the exam hall feeling ready to do my best.The first section was listening. There were recordings of conversations, lectures, news reports, and more to listen to. I had to answer multiple choice questions showing I understood the main ideas and details. It was pretty tough, but I used my skills like blocking out distractions and concentrating extra hard.Next up was reading. We had to read all sorts of passages and answer questions about them. There were stories, articles, advertisements, and more. Some questions asked about specifics details or facts from the text. Others wanted us to make inferences about the author's purpose, tone, and implied meanings between the lines. I read slowly and carefully to make sure I didn't miss any clues.The writing section was still hard for me, but not as scary as I feared. We had to write different types of essays, letters, proposals, and reports. I just took it step-by-step, planning out my ideas first before starting each draft. I made sure to use a range of vocabulary and sentence structures. Most importantly, I double checked that all my grammar and spelling was correct!Finally, there was the speaking part where we had to answer questions and describe pictures, role plays, and topics out loud. When it was my turn, I blocked out the tiny audience and imagined I was just talking to Miss Wong during practice. I spoke loudly, clearly, and with confidence about what I knew.Phew, after what felt like forever, the marathon test was finally over! I was so exhausted, but really proud of myself for pushing through. No matter how I scored, I knew I had worked my absolute hardest.A few weeks later, the results came back - I PASSED! Miss Wong hugged me with the biggest smile on her face. She said my English skills had improved so incredibly much from all my efforts. I may be just a kid, but I accomplished something huge.Now I love showing off my English whenever I can. I'll read books, watch movies, and listen to music in English. I'm going to keep working super hard so one day I can be an English language expert! Who knows, maybe I could even be an English teacher like Miss Wong when I grow up. For now, I'm just proud I never gave up on my dream of learning this amazing global language.The end! Those are my thoughts on the big English test I took. It was no walk in the park, but studying and practicing as hard as I could helped me feel prepared. I'm so glad I stuck with it because now English opens up a whole new world for me. Never stop learning and reaching for your goals! Thanks for reading my story.篇2The Big English Test for Grown-UpsHi there! My name is Lily and I'm 8 years old. My big sister Jessica just took a really important English test called theSelf-Taught Higher Education Examination for English (Level 2). It's a huge test that grown-ups have to pass to get better jobs or go to university. I don't know too much about it, but Jessica told me all about her experience, and I thought it was really interesting!Jessica has been studying so hard for this test for a whole year. She would sit at her desk for hours every night, reading through her big, thick textbooks and practicing writing essays. Sometimes she would make flashcards with vocabulary words and grammar rules to help her memorize everything. It篇3The Big Test for Grown-UpsHey there! Are you a grown-up getting ready for a really big test? My name is Timmy and I'm going to tell you all about this huge exam called the Self-Study English Test that a bunch of adults had to take in April 2023. It was super important for their college learning!So first off, what even is this test? Well, it's kind of like the tests I take at school, but wayyy harder. It checked how good grown-ups were at reading, writing, listening, and speaking inEnglish. And not just any English, but super fancy academic English that's used at universities. Pretty crazy, right?The reading part had all these massive passages about science, history, culture, and other brain-exploding topics. The grown-ups had to read through them and answer questions proving they understood all the difficult vocabulary and ideas.I'm talking words like "quintessential" and "juxtaposition" - makes my head spin just thinking about it!Then there was the writing section where they had to compose a long essay about a really complex prompt. Not just "What I Did Over Summer Vacation", but huge philosophical questions on ethics, technology, the environment, you name it. They had to structure their ideas logically, use elevated language, and incorporate quotes and examples. Phew, I'm getting tired just describing it!As if that wasn't enough, the listening comprehension tested their ability to understand lectures and conversations on academic subjects. They played audio clips of professors rambling on with tons of dates, names, theories and statistics. Afterwards, the grown-ups had to answer all these nitpicky questions about key details and implied meanings. No doodling or daydreaming allowed!But you know what really makes me shudder? The speaking part. Grown-ups had to actually talk out loud and be recorded. They got wildly abstract questions and had to ramble on coherently for minutes using fancy vocabulary, idioms, and transition phrases. Can you imagine?! One mistake and bam - points deducted. No wonder some of them looked terrified!I got to sit in on my dad's study sessions, and let me tell you, it was brutal. He had his face buriedin textbooks, drilling vocab, analyzing sample essays, and listening to practice audios over and over. My mom kept quizzing him on weird academic phrases like "make a case" and "draw a parallel." Even I was losing my marbles!The night before, he could barely sleep. He straightened his tie a million times and quitasking me to quiz him on root words from Latin. Mom made him a super nutritious brain-boosting lunch to keep his energy up. I've never seen him so nervous, not even that time I brought a frog home and let it loose!When he came back home afterwards, you could practically see the exhaustion oozing out of him. He gulped down a giant glass of water and just collapsed on the couch. He mumbled something about havingnightmares of giving a disastrous speech on quarks andmetaphysics. Yikes!A few weeks later, the results finally came out. Dad jumped sky-high when he ripped open that email - his face just lit up with the biggest grin ever! He passed and got a stellar score to boot. We all cheered and hugged him tighter than a bear. That evening, we threw an epic celebratory party with cake, streamers, the whole shebang. Dad vowed to never again take anything that intense for granted.Wow, I don't know how grown-ups manage those kinds of crazy difficult tests! I'll stick to vocab quizzes and book reports for now. If that English exam ever came my way, I'd be shaking like a leaf. Hats off to my dad and all the other adults who pushed through and conquered that monster. Now he gets to keep learning at college - after hewakes up from thiswell-deserved nap, that is!Well, that's all I got on the 2023 Self-Study English Test. Sure am glad I'm just a kid and don't have to worry about that anytime soon! Send my best to all you grown-ups still working hard in school. You're braver than I'll ever be! Now if you'll excuse me, I hear my math homework calling...篇4Hello, My Name is Lily and I'm 8 Years OldI have an older brother named Michael who is in college. He had to take this really big test called the Self-Study Exam for English (Level 2) last April because it's a requirement for his degree program. I got to see him studying a lot for it, so I'll tell you all about my experience watching him prepare!First of all, the exam was really important for Michael because English is not his best subject. He's really good at math and science, but reading and writing in English has always been kind of hard for him. Our parents don't speak English at home, so he had to learn it all at school.The exam had four sections - listening, reading, writing, and translation. Michael said the listening part was the easiest for him because he could understand people talking pretty well. But reading the long passages was really difficult, especially when they used fancy vocabulary words he didn't know.For the writing section, he had to write an essay responding to a prompt. He practiced writing essays for weeks leading up to the exam. Our living room was covered in his essay drafts with my mom's red pen markings all over them! I helped him practice a little bit by reading some of his essays out loud. I told him they were good but a bit too long and rambly.The translation section seemed like the hardest part to me. Michael had to translate passages back and forth between English and Chinese. He spent so many hours poring over his translation dictionaries and making flashcards with difficult vocabulary words. Sometimes he would test me by showing me a flashcard and having me try to define or translate the word. I didn't know most of them!As the exam day got closer, Michael seemed more and more stressed out. He literally had stacks of exam prep books covering our kitchen table. I remember he would make me quiz him on things while he wolfed down his breakfast in the morning before rushing out the door.On the morning of the big exam day, my parents made him a special big breakfast with all his favorite foods to wish him luck. Michael looked exhausted already and the exam didn't even start until afternoon! After we saw him off at the exam site, my parents and I went to the park to walk around and get our minds off worrying about how he was doing.When Michael finally got home after the 3-hour exam, he was one tired puppy! He flopped down on the couch and didn't move for like an hour. I was really curious about how it went, so I kept pestering him with questions. He said it was okay but therewere some reading passages that were just impossible for him to understand fully.We all had to wait a few weeks for Michael's exam results to come out. When they finally did, we were so relieved to see that he passed! I could tell he felt proud of himself for getting through such a hard test, even though his score wasn't amazing. My parents took us all out for a celebratory dinner at Michael's favorite restaurant.Overall, watching my brother study for the English Level 2 exam made me realize how hard it is to truly master another language, especially for important academic tests. I have a new appreciation for how much time and effort students like Michael have to put in to achieve their goals. I'll be sure to listen more carefully in my English classes at school from now on!篇5My School DaysHi there! My name is Timmy and I'm a 3rd grader at Sunnyville Elementary School. School is so much fun and I learn lots of cool stuff every day. Let me tell you all about it!We start off the day by lining up outside before the bell rings. My best friends Tommy and Susie are usually right behind me. We like to chat and joke around while we wait. Once the bell rings, we all go inside and sit at our desks. Our teacher Mrs. Anderson is really nice. She has pretty red hair and always wears a friendly smile.The first subject we have is reading. We take turns reading stories and poems out loud from our reading books. I like the funny stories the best because they make me laugh. After we read, Mrs. Anderson asks us questions about what we read to make sure we understood. If we get stuck, she helps explain things.Next up is math time! I'm not gonna lie, math is pretty hard for me sometimes. We learn about addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Numbers can get really confusing when you have to borrow and carry and all that. But Mrs. Anderson is a great teacher and makes it as easy as possible. We play games and use counting blocks to help us learn.After math, we get to go outside for recess! Recess is my favorite part of the day. I love running around on the playground with my friends. We play tag, kickball, jump rope, you name it. Sometimes I just lay in the grass and watch the clouds float by.That's really relaxing. When the recess bell rings, we have to line up again. I'm always a sweaty mess!Lunch time is rad. I get my tray of food from the cafeteria ladies and then head to my usual table. Tommy, Susie, and my other buddies Jamie and Michael are always there saving me a seat. We laugh, tell jokes, and talk about kid stuff while we eat. The pizza is my favorite cafeteria food. Yum!In the afternoon, we have science, social studies, art, and music. Science is cool because we get to do experiments and learn about nature. In social studies, we learn about history, geography, and different cultures around the world. Art class lets me be creative and get messy with paints and clay. Music is great too - we sing songs and learn about notes and rhythms.At the end of the day, it's time to pack up our backpacks and get ready to go home. Waiting for my mom to pick me up is the worst part. I'm always so antsy to get out of there! Once she arrives, I give her a big hug and we go home. She asks me about my day on the drive and I tell her everything.After I get home, I have a snack and take a little break to just veg out for a bit. Then it's homework time unfortunately. I have to read, write sentences, do math problems, and maybe a projector two. Once my homework is finished, I can finally go out and play until dinner!School days are awesome but also tiring. I pack so much learning and fun into just one day. I'm making amazing memories and great friends. In a few years, I'll be off to middle school and then high school after that. Who knows what the future will hold! But for now, I'm just enjoying being a kid and a third grade student. Life is good!篇6My English Exam Adventure!Hi there! My name is Lily and I'm 10 years old. I just took the big English exam for my self-taught higher education program. It was a really tough test, but I tried my best! Let me tell you all about my exciting exam day.It was a sunny Saturday morning when my mom woke me up bright and early. "Time to get ready for your English exam!" she said cheerfully. I stretched my arms and yawned. Even though I was a little nervous, I had been studying really hard for weeks.After getting dressed, I had a yummy breakfast of pancakes and orange juice to give me energy for the big test. Then mombraided my hair and I put on my lucky sneakers. "You've got this, Lily!" dad said, giving me a high five. I smiled, feeling proud of all my hard work.The test was at the big high school near our house. When we arrived, there were lots of other kids my age arriving too. Some looked nervous, but others seemed confident. I just focused on taking deep breaths like my teacher taught me.Finally, it was time to go inside. The exam room was huge with rows and rows of desks. A nice lady showed me where to sit and I carefully took out my pencils and eraser. I could do this!The first part of the exam was listening comprehension. We had to listen to recordings and answer questions about what we heard. There were conversations between people as well as speeches and news reports. I listened very carefully and tried to write down all the key details.Next up was the reading section. We had passages about all kinds of topics - science, history, culture, literature. The questions were pretty tricky, asking us to make inferences and analyze the writers' perspectives. I re-read the passages slowly and tried my best to find the evidence to support my answers.After a short break to have a snack and some water, it was time for the writing section - the part I struggled with most in my practice tests. We had to write an essay arguing for or against an opinion. The prompt was "Schools should require all students to learn a second language from kindergarten."I thought about it carefully, making a little outline first. I decided to argue in favor of learning languages early. In my introduction, I talked about the cognitive benefits of being bilingual at a young age. For my body paragraphs, I discussed how it helps cultural understanding, improves career opportunities, and provides an excellent foundation for learning even more languages later on. I tried to include lots of examples and details from my own experience learning English.For the very last part, we had to speak with an examiner one-on-one and have a conversation. The examiner asked me questions like "What are your favorite subjects in school?" and "How do you like to spend your free time?" I just imagined I was talking to one of my friends and tried to give clear, detailed responses. Phew, I was finally done!As I walked out of the exam room, I felt both relieved and proud of myself for giving it my all. All that studying haddefinitely paid off. Now all I can do is wait patiently for my results. Wish me luck!Even though the test was really challenging, I'm so glad I got this incredible opportunity. Learning English has opened up a whole new world for me - I can read amazing books, watch interesting movies, and hopefully one day travel the world. An experience like this exam will help prepare me for future challenges too. If I can tackle this huge test at just 10 years old, I know I can accomplish anything I set my mind to!So that's the story of my big English exam day. It was difficult but rewarding. I felt like a tiny fish in a big pond, but by believing in myself I was able to swim, swim, swim! Now I'm headed home to celebrate with my favorite dinner - pizza! Thanks for reading, friends!。

仁爱英语八年级下单词表带音标The document was prepared on January 2, 20212018版仁爱英语八年级下单词表Unit5 Topic 1invite n'vat v. 正式邀请disappointed ,ds'pntd adj. 失望的,沮丧的film flm n. 电影；影片smell smel v. 发气；闻到n. 气味seem si:m v．似乎,好像opera `pr n. 歌剧；歌剧剧本excite ksat v.使激动,使兴奋care for 照顾,照料lonely lunli adj. 孤独的,寂寞的；lively 'lavl adj. 充满趣味的；充满生气的cheer up 使振作起来；使高兴起来almost :lmst adv. 几乎,差不多mainly meinli adv. 主要地role r ul n. 角色facial fel adj. 面部的painting 'pent n. 油画,绘画gesture 'dest n. 姿势,手势frightened 'fra tnd adj. 惊吓的；受惊的；害怕的worried ' wrd adj. 担心的,担扰的in the end 最后,终于interestedntr std adj. 感兴趣的upsetp'set adj. 心烦的,苦恼的Topic 2exam gz m n. 考试strict strkt adj. 严格的；严密的be strict with 对……严格要求shy a adj. 害羞的take it easy 别紧张,别着急fail fel v. 不及格；失败；未做someone pron. 某人feeling 'fil n. 感觉；感触；想法joke duk n. 笑话v. 说笑话；开玩笑by the way 顺便提一下；捎带说一声yeah jeadv. 口语是,是的；好的usual ju:ul adj. 通常的,平常的as usualy 像往常一样either er adv. 也pron.二者之一；要么…accept k'sept v. 接受lovely 'lvl adj. 可爱的；美丽的helpful helpfl adj.有用的；有益的international intn nl adj. 国际的useless jusls adj. 无用的,无效的deal di:l v. 处理；给予；发牌deal with 处理,解决；对付elder 'eldr adj. 年长的,年纪较大的refuse rifju:z v. 拒绝,回绝sadness s dns n. 忧伤,悲哀anyoneeniwn pron . 任何人unfair nfe adj. 不公平的,不公正的though eu conj. 虽然,可是even though 即使,尽管not…any longer= no longer 不再Topic 3test test n. 测试,考查,试验nervousn:v s adj. 焦虑的,恐慌的；神经质的speech spi:t n. 演讲CD compact disk光盘relaxed rlkst adj.冷静的,镇定的rich rt adj. 油腻的；丰富的；富有的sick sk adj.生病的,有病的affect 'fekt v.影响confidentknfd ntkɑ:nfd nt adj.自信的,有信心的mood mu:d n.心情；情绪proud praud adj.自豪的,骄傲的be proud of骄傲,自豪anywayeniwe adv.尽管,即使这样read 'red adj准备好的passportpɑ:sp:t n.护照boss bs n. 老板；领班grandson grnsn n.孙子,外孙environment n'varnmnt n. 环境especially 'spel adv. 特别；尤其；专门fill f l v. 装满,充满fill with sth. 使充满,填满,装满trouble 'trbl n.问题,困难,忧虑loud laud adj.大声的,响亮的adv.大声地noise nz n. 声音,响声,噪音,吵闹声spirit 'sprt n. 情绪,心境；精神silentsal nt adj. 不说话的, 沉默的think over 仔细考虑decision d'sn n. 决定；决心make a decision 做决定sense sens n. 感觉,意识relaxing rlks adj.轻松的Review of Unit 5fantastic fntstk adj.极好的,了不起的disappointment ds pntm nt n.失望,沮丧,扫兴soft s:ft adj.轻柔的,柔软的be in trouble有麻烦,处于困难fear fr n. & v.害怕,惧怕difficultydfk lti n.困难,难题,困境Unit6 Topic1field fi:ld n. 田野,田地；场地properprpr pra:pr n.正确的,恰当的mount mant n.山,山峰vehicle vi:kl n. 交通工具；车辆airline 'elan n. 航空公司price prais n. 价格,价钱total 'tl adj. 总的；全部的；partner 'pa:rtnr n.搭档,同伴sleeper 'sli:pr n.卧铺列车pay pei v.付费,付酬hotel h'tel n. 宾馆,旅馆,饭店frigde=refrigerator frid n.冰箱air conditioner er kndn n. 空调standard 'st ndrd adj. 标准的 n. 标准single 'sɡl adj.单一的,单个的condition kn'dn n. 条件,状况comfortable kmfrtbl adj. 舒服的;安逸的；舒服自在的raise reiz v.筹集；使升高；饲养king k n.国王,君主queen kwi:n n.女王,王后common 'ka:mn adj.普通的；一般的；共有的Canadian knedin adj. 加拿大的n.加拿大人的；加拿大人Dollardlr da:lr n. 元货币单位somebodysmb di pron. 某人forward 'f:rwrd adv. 向前；前进hear from 收到某人来信top ta:p n. 顶部,物体的上面；Unit6 Topic 2receive r'si:v v. 收到,得到postcard 'pustkɑ:rd n. 明信片vacation v'ken n.假期on vacation度假explore k'spl:r v. 考察；探险；勘察camp k mp v. 野营,度假work out算出；制定；完成seaside 'si:said n.海边,海滨north n: rθ n. 北；北方；east i:st n. 东,东方adj. 东方的；向东的；东部的adv.向东,朝东west west n. 西adj. 西方的 adv.向西monumentmɑ:njum nt n.纪念碑馆堂像等rostrumrɑ:str m n.指挥台chairmantemn n.主席,主持人announcenans v.宣布,宣告；通知found f and v.建立,兴建；创办republic r'pblk n.共和国meaningful mi:nfl adj.重要的,重大的；wait weit v.等,等待memorial mm:ril adj.纪念的；悼念的northwest `n:rθ'west n. 西北,西北方；西北地区northeast 'n:rθ'i:est n. 东北,东北方；东北地区southeast ‘sauθ'i:st n. 东南,东南方；东南地区bicycle baisikl n.自行车be full of满的,充满的,满是……的crowd kraud n. 人群tour tur n.旅游,旅行；观光,游览space spies n.空间；空地push pu v. & n 推direction d'rekn n.方向,方位step step v.踩；走；跨步n.台阶；slowly 'slul adv. 慢速地,缓慢地beside b'sad prep. 在……旁边sadly 's dl adv. 悲伤地,伤心地as soon as一……就……experience k'sprns n.经历；经验everywhere evriwer adv.处处,到处,各个地方Thank goodness ɡdns 谢天谢地Unit6 Topic3passenger 'p sindr n. 乘客crazy 'kreiz adj. 疯狂的anywhere eniwer adv. 任何地方pollution p'lu:n n. 污染advantage d'v ntd n.优点；优势disagreeds gri: v.不同意,有分歧disagree with sb.不同意,持不同意见riderradr n.骑自行车或马,摩托车的人,骑手careless 'kels adj.不小心的,不仔细的helmet 'helmt n. 头盔light-colored 'lat'kl d adj. 浅色的,淡色的pay attention to注意signalsgn l n.信号,暗号safelyseifti n.安全,平安truck trk n.卡车,载重汽车notice 'nuts v.看到,注意到n.注意reflector rflektr n.反光玻璃case keis n.情况；事例in case of如果,假使aid eid n.帮助；救援first did急救injuryndri n.对躯体的伤害,损伤in a word简言之,一句话,总之look out小心,当心stream stri:m n.小河,溪empty empty adj.空的v.倒空流入,注入Asiae n. 亚洲altitude 'ltitu:d n. 海拔；among m prep.在……中France frɑ:ns n.法国mile mail n.英里stage steid n.阶段；舞台central 'sentrl adj. 中心的,中央的；winner 'wnr n.优胜者,优胜的人cyclist 'saiklist n. 骑自行车的人motorcycle mt r sakl n. 摩托车broken 'brukn adj. 破损的；伤残的；残缺的；出了毛病的Review of Units 5—6explain k'splein v.解释；说明；阐明pedestrian pdestrin n.行人Europejrp n. 欧洲French frent adj.法国的；n.法语town taun n.镇,市镇village 'vld n. 乡村,村庄death deθ n. 死,死亡sharp ɑ: p adj. 急转的；锋利的slow slu v.放慢速度,减缓adj. 缓慢的slow down 减速opposite 'a:pzt adj. 相反的；对面的； prep. 与…相对；在…对面rush r v. 冲,奔跑Unit7 Topic1task t sk n.任务,工作poster 'pust r n.招贴；广告画touch tt n. & v触,碰；触觉get in touch with 与……取得联系try one's best 尽最大努力success sk'ses n.成功,胜利imagine 'm dn v. 想象,设想soup su:p n. 汤cheese ti:z n. 奶酪cookie 'kuki n. 曲奇饼干pancake 'p nkeik n. 薄煎饼set set v.放,置；使出于set the table摆放餐具blind blaind adj瞎的,失明的western 'westrn adj. 西方的,西部的Greek gri:k adj. 希腊的,. 希腊人,希腊语Indianndi n adj. 印度人的；n. 印度人curryk:ri n. 咖喱食品fried frad adj. 油煎的sushi su:i n. 寿司Italian 't ln adj. 意大利人的；意大利语的Africanfrk n adj. 非洲的 n. 非洲人Russianrn adj.俄国人n. 俄国人；俄语address 'dres n.住址,地址regret rgret v.感到遗憾,惋惜n.痛惜懊,悔,遗憾gather ger v.召集,聚集,收集group gru:p n.组,组群v.使成群,成组member membr n.成员,会员roof ru:f n屋顶；顶部.birthplaceb:rθples 出生地formerf:rmr adj.以前的purposep:p s n.目的,意图in order to 为了come true 变为现实,成为事实Unit7 Topic 2finely 'fanl adv. 微小地,细微地oil l n. 油pan p n n. 平底锅lightly 'laitli adv. 轻微地,轻轻地add d v. 增加,添加fry frai v. 用油煎；用油炸ingredient ngri:dint n.成分,原料pot pa:t n. 锅,壶,瓶,罐cooker 'kukr n. 炊具锅,炉灶,烤炉等pork p:rk n. 猪肉cut up 切碎,剁碎ham h m n. 火腿onion 'njn n. 洋葱头noodle 'nu:dl n. 面条bowl bul n. 碗,盒junk food 垃圾食品quick kwik adj.快的,迅速的healthily 'helθiliadv.健康地snack sn k n. 小吃butter 'btr n. 黄油,奶油pear per n. 梨piece pi:s n. 一块片,张,件……slurp sl:rp v. 喝东西时出啧啧的声音impolite ,mp'lat adj. 不礼貌的,粗鲁的noisily 'nzl adv. 喧闹地,聒噪地polite p'lat adj. 有礼貌的,有教养的formal 'frml adj. 正式的manner 'm nr n. 方式；举止；态度table manners 餐桌礼节,用餐的规矩napkin 'n pkn n. 餐巾lap l p n. 人坐时膝部fork f:rk n.叉,餐叉dish d n.菜肴；碟,盘eat up 吃光,吃完quietly 'kwatl adv.安静的,寂静的drink to sb.／sth. 为某人/某事干杯或祝酒dine dain v.进餐,用饭elbow 'elbu n. 肘；肘部spoon spu:n n. 匙,调羹chopstick 'ta:pstk n. 筷子finger fgr n. 拇指以外的任何一个手指southern 'sern adj. 南方的,南部的seafood 'si:fu:d n. 海鲜,海味pick pik v.采,摘；拾起；采集；挑选pick up 捡起；获得；收拾sausages:sd 香肠Unit 7 Topic3lady 'ledi n. 女士,夫人gentlemandentlm n n. 绅士,先生sale sel n.卖,出售for sale 供出售,待售guest gest n. 客人,宾客kind-hearted kand 'hɑ:td adj. 好心的menu 'menju: n. 菜单beer b n. 啤酒bill bl n. 账单；美钞票,纸币corn k :rn n.谷物,谷粒salad 's ld n. 蔬菜沙拉lemon 'lemn n. 柠檬tofu 'tfu: n. 豆腐main course mein krs主菜bean bi:n n.豆carrot 'k rt n.胡萝卜dessert dz:rt n.甜点,甜食wine wain n. 酒seat si:t n.座位,座处have a seat 请坐job da:b n. 工作,职业worth w:rθ adj. 值得…的；有…价值的effort 'efrt n. 努力,艰难的尝试successfully sk'sesfl adv. 成功地steak steik n. 牛排,肉排,鱼排neatly 'ni:tli adv. 整洁地,整齐地regularly 'regjlrl adv. 有规律地,定期地diet 'dait n. 日常饮食,日常食物in short总之；简言之not only ... but also ... 不仅…而且…conclusion kn'klu: nn.结论,推论Review of Unit 7educationedu ken n.教育develop dvelp v. 使成长,使发展lamb l m n.羊羔肉；羔羊dislike dislaik n. & v.不喜欢；厌恶cola kul n. 可乐饮料Unit8 Topic 1costume 'kstju:m n. 服装；戏服smooth smu:e adj.平坦的,光滑的so ... that ... 如此……以至于……cotton 'ka:tn adj.棉布制的；n.棉花；棉布silk slk n. 蚕丝,丝织品fashion 'f n n. 时装；时尚；流行式样handbag 'hndbg n. 女用皮包,手提包afford 'f:rd v.买得起；能做tie tai n. 领带；绳子v. 用绳、线系,拴,扎sweater 'swet n.厚运动衫,毛衣scarf skɑ:rf n. 围巾,领巾jeans di:nz n. 牛仔裤blouse blauz n. 女式短上衣；衬衫section 'sekn n.部门,部分sock sa:k n. 短袜pocket 'pa:kt n. 口袋windbreaker 'wndbreik n. 风衣size saiz n. 尺寸,大小leather 'lee adj. 皮制的；n. 皮革pretty 'prt adj.漂亮的,俊俏的adv.,非常handsome 'h nsm adj. 英俊的congratulation kngr tulen n.祝贺ownn adj. 自己的,本人的 v. 有,拥有succeed sksi:d v.达到目的；成功suitable 'sutbl adj. 合适的,适宜的customer 'kstmr n. 顾客,客户simple 'smpl adj.简单的,简易的style stal n. 样式；款式；方式；风格,作风contrastkɑ:ntr st v. 对比,对照fancy 'fnsadj.绚丽的,花哨的design d'zan n. 设计;设计方案；v. 设计, broad br:d adj.宽阔的,广阔的；广泛的waist weist n. 腰,腰部cold-colored k ld 'kl d adj.冷色调的slim slm adj. 苗条的,纤细的,单薄的business bzns n.生意；公事；职责skin skn n.皮,皮肤material mtril n.材料,布料uniform 'ju:nifrm n. 制服kimono k'mn n. 日本的和服sportswearsp: rtswer n. 运动服装easygoing adj. 随和的saying 'se n. 俗话,谚语functionfkn n.作用,功能,职能discuss d'sks v.讨论,谈论meaning mi:n n.意义,意思Unit8 Topic2depend d'pend v.取决于depend on 取决于；依靠,依赖discipline 'dspln n. 纪律,风纪survey sr'vei v.调查 n.民意测验interview 'ntrvju: v. & n. 采访；面试plain plein adj. 普通的；家常的plain clothes 便衣；便服carry out 执行,开展gatekeeper 'geitki:pr n. 门卫suit su:t n.套装,一套衣服v.适合attendant 'tendnt n.服务员,侍者take off 脱下衣服,摘掉enter 'entr v. 进去,进入,加入knee ni: n.膝盖,膝关节occasion 'kein n.特别的事情或仪式,庆典；时机correctly k'rektli adv.正确的,精确地text 'tekst n.正文,文本reason ri:zn n.原因,理由firefighter 'farfatr n. 消防人员heat hi:t n.温度；热v.把……加热ceiling 'si:l n. 天花板,顶棚soldier 'suldr n. 士兵,战士official 'fl n.官员,高级官员airport 'ep:rt n. 航空站,飞机场officer ':fisr n. 警官；军官patient 'pent n.病人adj.有耐心的,能忍耐的spread spred v.传播,展开daily 'del adj.每日的,日常的opinionpnj n n.意见,想法,看法in one's opinion 在某人看来greatly 'greitli adv.非常,很,大大的northern 'n:rern adj.北方的,北部的casual ku l adj.随便的,漫不经心的beautifullybju:tfli adv.漂亮地,美好地boot bu:t n.长筒靴,靴as well as 除……之外；也；还similar 'smlr adj.类似的,相像的dressingdres n.穿戴,穿衣Unit8 Topic3catwalk ktw:k n. 狭长表演台,T形台cheongsam t:s m n. 旗袍traditional tr'dnl adj. 传统的；惯例的minority ma'n:rt n. 少数民族；少数Tibetan t'betn n. 西藏人；西藏语Korean k'rn n. 朝鲜人,韩国人decoration dekren n. 装饰,修饰knot na:t n.用绳索等的结,装饰性花结dynasty 'danst n. 王朝,朝代from then on 从那时起Asianen adj. 亚洲的,亚洲人的；n. 亚洲人personalp:rs nl adj. 个人的,私人的attractive trktv adj. 迷人的,western-style adj. 西方款式的express k spres表达；表示；表露Mongolian ma:'ɡln n. 蒙古人above bv .在……上面list list v.列清单,把……列表n.一览表；清单well-known welnnadj. 众所周知的,着名的item 'atm n. 一件商品物品；项目choice ts n. 选择；抉择marriage 'm rd n. 结婚,婚姻celebration selbren n. 庆祝；庆祝会Review of Units 7— 8saleswomanselzm n n.女售货员mix miks v.混合,参合as a result rzlt作为结果。

word格式-可编辑-感谢下载支持SPSS统计与分析统计要与大量的数据打交道，涉及繁杂的计算和图表绘制。

现代的数据分析工作如果离开统计软件几乎是无法正常开展。

在准确理解和掌握了各种统计方法原理之后，再来掌握几种统计分析软件的实际操作，是十分必要的。

常见的统计软件有SAS，SPSS，MINITAB，EXCEL 等。

这些统计软件的功能和作用大同小异，各自有所侧重。

其中的SAS 和SPSS 是目前在大型企业、各类院校以及科研机构中较为流行的两种统计软件。

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SPSS 在各类院校以及科研机构中更为流行。

SPSS（Statistical Product and Service Solutions,意为统计产品与服务解决方案）。

自20 世纪60 年代SPSS 诞生以来，为适应各种操作系统平台的要求经历了多次版本更新，各种版本的SPSS for Windows 大同小异，在本试验课程中我们选择PASWStatistics 18.0 作为统计分析应用试验活动的工具。

1．SPSS 的运行模式SPSS 主要有三种运行模式：（1）批处理模式这种模式把已编写好的程序（语句程序）存为一个文件，提交给[开始]菜单上[SPSS for Windows]→[Production Mode Facility]程序运行。

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用户无须学会编程，简单易用。

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这种模式要求掌握SPSS 的语句或脚本语言。

本试验指导手册为初学者提供入门试验教程，采用“完全窗口菜单运行模式”。

2．SPSS 的启动（1）在windows[开始]→[程序]→[PASW]，在它的次级菜单中单击“SPSS 12.0 for Windows”即可启动SPSS 软件，进入SPSS for Windows 对话框，如图 1.1，图 1.2 所示。

维克多英语——高考备考词块汇总（十）P字母高考必备短语P字母1. packpack up 把…打包；收拾(行李)2.packagea package tour 包价旅游3. pagethe front / sports page 头版/ 体育版a web page 网页4. paintake pains to do sth 努力/ 下苦功做某事5. pairin pairs 成对地；两人一组地6. papera piece of paper 一张纸7. pardonI beg your pardon ◆ [表示道歉] 对不起；请原谅 [用于同陌生人打招呼] 打扰一下；劳驾您?什么；请再说一遍8. partspare parts 备用零件for the most part 通常；多数情况下in part 部分地；在某种程度上play / act a part (in) (在…中) 扮演角色/ 起作用take part (in) 参加；参与part with (不情愿地) 放弃9. particularin particular 尤其；特别10. partya birthday party 生日宴会attend a party 出席聚会give / have / hold a party 举办聚会11. passpass around / round 分发；传阅pass away [委婉语] 死亡pass by 经过；(时间) 过去pass down 把…传下去(hand down)pass off as 把…冒充成pass on 传递pass out 分发；分配；昏倒pass through 穿过；通过12. patentapply for a patent 申请专利13. patha path to success 成功的途径14. patiencebe / get out of patience with 对…失去耐心lose (one’s) patience 失去耐心have no patience with 对…无法容忍15. paypay a bill 支付账单pay attention to 注意pay a call on sb / pay sb a visit 拜访某人pay back 偿还；报答；报复pay down 先支付(部分货款) 作为定金pay off ◆还清(欠债等) 取得成功；得到好结果?付清工资后解雇；遣散pay up (尤指不情愿或延迟) 付清欠款；偿还欠款low / high pay 低/ 高薪16. peaceat peace 处于和平/ 平静状态in peace 和平地；安宁地make (one’s) peace with 同…言归于好17. peakat the peak of sb’s career在某人事业的顶峰peak hours (交通、用电等的) 高峰时间a peak season 旺季18. performperform one’s duties / promise履行职责/ 诺言perform an experiment / an operation / a miracle 做实验/ 做手术/ 创造奇迹19. performancegive a performance表演put on a performance of Hamlet上演《哈姆雷特》20. permissionask for permission 请求许可without permission未经许可permission to do sth 许可做某事21. permit①permit sb sth 允许某人某事②permit doing sth 允许做某事③permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事22. personala personal view / opinion 个人的观点a personal taste 个人喜好personal experience个人经验23. persuadepersuade sb to do sth 说服某人做某事persuade sb into (doing) sth说服某人做某事persuade sb out of (doing) sth说服某人不做某事persuade sb of sth 使某人相信某事24. phonea cell phone 手机answer / hang up / pick up the phone 接/ 挂断/ 拿起电话(be) on the phone 在打电话25. phototake a photo 照相have / get one’s photo taken 请人给自己拍照26. physicalthe physical world物质世界the physical environment 客观环境27. pickpick sb’s pocket 扒窃；掏包pick on 挑选；故意挑剔pick out ◆选出；拣出区别出；辨别出pick up ◆提起；拿起①拿起；拾起②(车辆等) 中途搭(人) (collect)；中途带(货)③营救；救起得到①(偶然地、无意地) 得到；学会(语言)；买到②接收到取回；收集重提(话题)；恢复(健康等)提高；(风) 变大28. picnicgo on / for a picnic 去野餐have a picnic 举行野餐29. picturetake your picture 照相30. piecea piece of [与不可数名词连用] 一张/ 片/ 块等；一篇/ 首/ 幅等a piece of good news 一条好消息a piece of paper / furniture 一张纸/ 一件家具a piece of cake 小菜一碟；轻而易举的事31. pilepile up 堆积32. pitytake pity on 同情What a pity! 真可惜！It was a pity (that)… 遗憾的是33. placea place of work / an eating place 工作地点/ 餐馆in place 在适当的位置；适当的；准备妥当in place of 代替；取代(in sb’s / sth’s place)out of place 不在合适的位置上；不合适的；不相称的take place 发生；举行take the place of 代替(take sb’s / sth’s place) place an order / advertisement 下订单/ 登广告34. planplan on (doing) sth / plan to do sth 打算做某事make a plan 制定计划35. playplay basketball / volleyball 打篮球/ 排球play cards / bridge / chess 打纸牌/ 打桥牌/ 下国际象棋play the guitar 弹吉他play with 玩弄at play 在玩耍go to a play 去看戏put on / perform a play 演戏36. pleased①(be) pleased to do sth②(be) pleased + (that)从句③(be) pleased with(be) pleased with oneself 自鸣得意37. pleasurefor pleasure 作为消遣it’s a pleasure / (it’s) my pleasure [用于对别人感谢的回答] 别客气；没什么with pleasure 高兴地；[用于应答] 非常乐意38. plentyplenty of 相当多的；充足的39. pocketpocket money 零用钱40. pointa turning / starting point 转折点/ 起点a low / high point 低谷/ 巅峰from sb’s point of view 在某人看来strong / weak points 强项/ 不足处make a point of doing sth (即使费力也) 特意做某事on the point of 正要…的时候to the point 中肯的；切题的point at / to / towards sb / sth 指向point at 对准point out 把…指出来(给看)；指出；指明41. poisonousbe poisonous to 对…有害42. poleat the North Pole 在北极43. politebe polite to sb 对某人有礼貌44. pollutionair / noise / water pollution 空气/ 噪音/ 水污染a plan to reduce pollution 减少污染的计划45. poorbe poor in health 身体不好be poor at 不擅长46. poppop music 流行音乐47. popularbe popular with / among 为…喜欢；受…欢迎a popular belief / opinion 普遍的观念/ 民意48. positionapply for the position of 申请…的职位take / hold the position 申请职位49. possessionin possession of 占有；拥有in the possession of 为…所有take possession of 占有；拥有；占领50. possibilitypossibilities for / of reducing costs 降低成本的可能方法51. possibleas ... as possible 尽可能…地if possible 如果可能的话52. possiblycould you possibly ... [表示郑重的请求] 您能…吗53. postponepostpone doing sth 推迟做某事54. powercome to power上台执政world powers 世界强国wind / nuclear / solar power 风/ 核/ 太阳能a power station 发电站a power failure / a power cut 停电engine power 发动机功率55. practicePractice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

Probability ExamMay 2016 Syllabus with Learning Objective/Outcomes and ReadingsThe Probability Exam is a three-hour exam that consists of 30 multiple-choice questions and is administered as a computer-based test.The purpose of the syllabus for this examination is to develop knowledge of the fundamental probability tools for quantitatively assessing risk. The application of these tools to problems encountered in actuarial science is emphasized. A thorough command of the supporting calculus is assumed. Additionally, a very basic knowledge of insurance and risk management is assumed.A table of values for the normal distribution is available below for candidates to download and will be included with the examination. Since the table will be included with the examination, candidates will not be allowed to bring copies of the table into the examination room.Check the Updates section on this exam’s home page for any changes to the exam or syllabus.The ranges of weights shown are intended to apply to the large majority of exams administered. On occasion, the weights of topics on an individual exam may fall outside the published range. Candidates should also recognize that some questions may cover multiple learning outcomes.Each multiple-choice problem includes five answer choices identified by the letters A, B, C, D, and E, only one of which is correct. Candidates must indicate responses to each question on the computer.As part of the computer-based testing process, a few pilot questions will be randomly placed in the exam (paper and pencil and computer-based forms). These pilot questions are included to judge their effectiveness for future exams, but they will not be used in the scoring of this exam. All other questions will be considered in the scoring. All unanswered questions are scored incorrect. Therefore, candidates should answer every question on the exam. There is no set requirement for the distribution of correct answers for the multiple-choice preliminary examinations. It is possible that a particular answer choice could appear many times on an examination or not at all. Candidates are advised to answer each question to the best of their ability, independently from how they have answered other questions on the examination.Since the CBT exam will be offered over a period of a few days, each candidate will receive a test form composed of questions selected from a pool of questions. Statistical scaling methods are used to ensure within reasonable and practical limits that, during the same testing period of a few days, all forms of the test are comparable in content and passing criteria. The methodology that has been adopted is used by many credentialing programs that give multiple forms of an exam.LEARNING OUTCOMESCandidates should be able to use and apply the following concepts in a risk management context:1. General Probability (10-20%)∙Set functions including set notation and basic elements of probability•Mutually exclusive events•Addition and multiplication rules•Independence of events•Combinatorial probability•Conditional probability•Bayes Theorem / Law of total probability2. Random Variables with univariate probability distributions (including binomial, negativebinomial, geometric, hypergeometric, Poisson, uniform, exponential, gamma, andnormal) (35-45%)∙Probability functions and probability density functions∙Cumulative distribution functions∙Sums of Independent Random Variables (Poisson and normal)∙Mode, median, percentiles, and moments∙Variance and measures of dispersion∙Moment generating functions∙Transformations3. Random Variables with multivariate probability distributions (including the bivariatenormal) (35-45%)•Joint probability functions and joint probability density functions•Joint cumulative distribution functions•Central Limit Theorem•Conditional and marginal probability distributions•Moments for joint, conditional, and marginal probability distributions•Joint moment generating functions•Variance and measures of dispersion for conditional and marginal probability distributions•Covariance and correlation coefficients•Transformations and order statistics•Probabilities and moments for linear combinations of independent random variablesREFERENCESSuggested TextsThere is no single required text for this exam. The texts listed below may be considered as representative of the many texts available to cover material on which the candidate may be examined. Texts are added and deleted as part of a regular process to keep the list up-to-date. The addition or deletion of a textbook does not change the bank of questions available for examinations. There is no advantage to selecting a text recently added or not using a text recently removed.Not all the topics may be covered adequately by just one text. Candidates may wish to use more than one of the following or other texts of their choosing in their preparation. Earlier or later editions may also be adequate for review.∙ A First Course in Probability (Ninth Edition), 2012, by Ross, S.M., Pearson/Prentice Hall, ISBN: 978-0321794772, Chapters 1–8∙Mathematical Statistics with Applications (Seventh Edition), 2008, by Wackerly, D., Mendenhall III, W., Scheaffer, R., Thomson Brooks/Cole ISBN: 978-0495110811, Chapters 1-7.∙Probability for Risk Management, (Second Edition), 2006, by Hassett, M. and Stewart, D., ACTEX, ISBN: 978-156698-2, Chapters 1–11.∙Probability and Statistical Inference (Ninth Edition), 2014, by Hogg, R.V., Tanis, E.A., andD. Zimmerman, Prentice Hall, ISBN: 978-0321923271, Chapters 1–5.∙Probability and Statistics with Applications: A Problem Solving Text, (Second Edition) 2015, by Asimow, L. and Maxwell, M., ACTEX, ISBN: 978-1-62542-472-3, Chapters 1–8(excluding section 8.5)Other ResourcesThe candidate is expected to be familiar with the concept s introduced in “Risk and Insurance”.Tables for Exam P/1Exam P/1 Sample Questions and SolutionsOnline Sample Exam PThe Society of Actuaries (SOA) is interested in supporting candidates as they prepare for the preliminary exams. To that end the SOA has launched an online sample exam for Exam P (Probability). Available at no cost the sample exam selects questions and solutions in an online exam experience that resembles the computer-based testing employed for most of the SOA’s preliminary exams. Questions have been coded to meet the Exam P learning objectives and ensure candidates receive a balanced yet randomized set of questions each time they repeat the sample exam. The current set of questions is drawn from the existing set of sample questions.。

P:指定教材：Fundamentals of Probability ￥200 1.5 kgSolution manual of Fundamentals of Probability ￥80A First Course in Probability, 7th Ed ￥150考试manual：ASM版Exam P 9th Edition （2008秋） study manual ￥90 1.5kgASM版Exam P 10th Edition （2009春）study manual ￥200 1.5kg ACTEX版 Exam P （2009春）study manual ￥180 1.5kgGUO版 Exam P （2009春）study manual ￥160 1.5kgDAR新版Exam P Equation Study List公式手册￥20FM:指定教材：Financial Mathematics ￥70.00 1kgMathematics of Investment and Credit, 3rd Edition, 2004 ￥120.00 1kgMathematics of Investment and Credit Solutions Manual ￥80 0.5kg The Theory of Interest 2nd Edition ￥55 1kgDerivatives Markets 2nd edition ￥140.00 2kg （这本书fm mfe c都需要用到）Derivatives Markets Solution Manual Second Edition ￥80.00 0.5kg 考试manual：ASM版Exam FM 8th Edition （2008秋） study manual ￥160ASM版Exam FM 9th Edition （2009春）study manual ￥200 1.5kg ACTEX版 Exam FM （2009春）study manual ￥220 1.5kgGUO版 Exam FM （2009春）study manual ￥180 1.5kgDAR新版Exam FM Equation Study List公式手册￥20MFE：指定教材：Derivatives Markets 2nd editionDerivatives Markets Solution Manual Second Edition考试manual：ASM版Exam MFE 8th Edition （2008秋） study manual ￥70 1.5kg ASM版Exam MFE 9th Edition （2009春）study manual ￥180 1.5kg ACTEX版 Exam MFE （2009春）study manual ￥240 1.5kgGUO版 Exam MFE （2009春）study manual ￥200 1.5kgMLC：指定教材：Actuarial Mathematics, 2nd Edition ￥105.00 2kgSolutions Manual for Bowers' et al Actuarial Mathematics ￥80.00 0.5kgIntroduction to Probability Models, 8th Edition, 2003 ￥100 1.5kg 考试manual：ASM版Exam MLC 7th Edition （2008秋） study manual ￥240 2.5kg ACTEX版 Exam MLC （2008春）study manual ￥130 1.5kgGUO版 Exam MLC （2009春）study manual ￥260 1.5kgDAR新版Exam MLC Equation Study List公式手册￥30C：指定教材：Loss Models From Data to Decisions ￥90 2kgSolutions Manual to Loss Models From Data to Decisitions ￥80 0.5kgFoundations of Casualty Actuarial Science, 4th Edition, 2001 ￥90 1.5kg考试manual：ASM版Exam C 8th Edition （2008秋） study manual ￥260 2.5kg ACTEX版 Exam C （2008春）study manual ￥185 1.5kgGUO版 Exam C (2009春）study manual ￥300 2.5kgDAR新版Exam C Equation Study List公式手册￥30Fap：指定教材，已经全部是最新版的，全套价格为￥900 （非最新版一套为￥600）Fundamentals of Private PensionsUnderstanding Actuarial Management:Enterprise Risk ManagementINVESTMENT SCIENCEIntroduction to Ratemaking&Loss Reserving Third EditionGroup Insurance 5th editionActuarial Aspects of Individual Life Insurance 2nd Edition希望以上资料对你有所帮助，附励志名言3条：1、要接受自己行动所带来的责任而非自己成就所带来的荣耀。