国际商法向嫣红课后词组汉译英1-5单元

第一章第二章第十一章国际商法绪论 1. 国际商法的概念: 国际商事法（International Business Law），简称国际商法，它是指调整国际商事交易和商事组织的各种法律规范的总称2.国际商事法与国际经济法的联系与区别共同点：都是调整跨国之间商事活动（包括商事组织本身）的各种关系的法律规范总和不同点：国际经济法的主体更加广泛3.大陆法系与英美法系的区别大陆法系的特点：强调成文法的作用；区分公法和私法；进行大规模的法典编纂工作英美法系的特征：以判例法为主要法律渊源；法官对法律的发展所起的作用举足轻重；以归纳为主要推理方法；不严格划分公法和私法4.中国法律的渊源：制定法；法律解释；判例第十二章代理法1.代理的概念：所谓代理是指代理人按照本人的授权，代表本人同第三人订立合同或作其他的法律行为，由此而产生的权利与义务直接对本人发生效力2.狭义的无权代理与表见代理狭义的无权代理：行为人既没有本人的实际授权，也没有足以使第三人善意误信其有代理权的外观，但行为人与第三人所为行为之利益牵连与本人的法律关系。

表见代理：行为人虽无代理权，但善意第三人客观上有充分理由相信行为人具有代理权，而与其为法律行为，该法律行为的后果直接由本人承担的无权代理。

3.代理人的义务：代理人应勤勉地履行其代理职责；代理人对本人应诚信、忠实；代理人不得泄露他在代理业务中所获得的保密情报和资料；代理人须向本人申报账目；代理人不得把他的代理权委托给他人4.代理权消灭的原因：根据本人与代理人之间的协议终止代理权；授权代理的事务完成；本人撤销代理权或者代理人放弃代理权；根据代理协议适用的法律规定而终止5.间接代理的规定（大陆法、英美法、我国合同法）大陆法系所采取的标准：在确定第三人究竟是同代理人还是同本人订立了合同的问题时，大陆法所采取的标准是看代理人是以代表的身份同第三人订立合同，还是以他自己个人的身份同第三人订立合同。

英美法系所采用的标准：代理人在同第三人订约时具体指出本人的姓名；代理人表示出自己的代理身份，但不指出本人的姓名；代理人事实上有代理权，但他在订约时不披露代理关系的存在我国合同法：《合同法》第四百零二条受托人以自己的名义，在委托人的授权范围内与第三人订立的合同，第三人在订立合同时知道受托人与委托人之间的代理关系的，该合同直接约束委托人和第三人，但有确切证据证明该合同只约束受托人和第三人的除外。

商务英语翻译技能等级考试汉英词汇表（以英语字母顺序排序）翻译员（五级）所要掌握的词汇为5高级翻译员（四级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4助理翻译师（三级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4+3翻译师（二级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4+3+24 安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents2 安全电报证书safety radio certificate4 安全系统fail-safe system3 按股分红sharing profits according to contribution4 按市价订购贡market order2 按市价折旧depreciation at market price2 按物价计酬法sliding scale5 按现价计算at current price3 按小时付酬be paid by the hour3 按原价计算calculated on the basis of their (or ist)original price4 按原口径计算calculate on the base line2 按质论价fixing the prices according to the quality of products5 案例分析case study3 八个坚持、八个反对eight do's and eight don'ts2 把…与国际接轨gear…to the international conventions3 把市场供货一买而光calear the market3 罢工暴动民变险SRCC （strikes, riots and civil commotions）5 罢工津贴（由工会给的）strike pay4 罢工纠察队员strike picket3 罢工险strike risk5 白领阶层white-collar2 白色商品(如冰箱和洗衣机等用在厨房中的产品) white goods4 白银市场silver market3 拜会made a courtesy call on4 班轮regular shipping liner3 班轮运费表liner’s freight tarif f4 班轮运输liner transport4 办公费office expenses4 半年决算half-year closing2 半日工作part-time employment, part-time job, part-time work4 半熟练的semi-skilled4 包工包料contract for labor and materials3 包工制labor contract system3 包销exclusive sales; have exclusive selling rights; submit anexpense account5 包装；包装物packaging5 包装不符wrong packing4 包装不善bad packing4 包装材料packing material5 包装成本packing cost4 包装费用packing charges5 包装工业packing industry4 包装规格packing specification3 包装破裂loss or damage caused by breakage of packing5 包装容积bale capacity5 饱和saturate5 保单guarantee3 保单期满expiration of policy3 保兑信用证confirmed letter of crdit3 保兑银行confirming bank2 保管货币custody of money2 保护措施protective measures2 保护关税protective tariff2 保护关税政策policy of protective tariff2 保护贸易政策protective trade policy5 保护主义protectionism3 保留工资retained salaries3 保姆式全程服务whole-journey nanny service3 保税仓库bonded warehouse2 保税工厂bonded factory2 保鲜期period of insurance5 保险insurance3 保险陈报书declaration policy4 保险代理insurance agent5 保险单policy; insurance policy4 保险单据insurance document4 保险担保guarantee of insurance2 保险范围extent of insurance coverage; insurance coverage; risk covered5 保险费premium4 保险公司insurance company4 保险合同insurance treaty5 保险回扣insurance rebate3 保险金（保险收入）insurance proceeds5 保险金得益benefit5 保险金额sum of insurance;amount insured3 保险经纪人insurance broker4 保险客户policy holder5 保险率费premium rate4 保险赔偿insurance indemnity2 保险凭证insurance certificate2 保险权益insurance interest5 保险人；承保人insurer3 保险索赔insurance claim3 保险条例（中国人民保险公司）CIC (China Insurance Clause)3 保险物interest insured4 保险性存货（以应付万一）decoupling inventory3 保险佣金insurance commission4 保险责任insurance liability3 保险责任终止termination of risk3 保险帐目underwriting account3 保险证明书cover note4 保险种类kinds of insurance2 保证国家的长治久安guarantee China's long-term stability2 保证金cash deposit5 保证金；利润margin4 保证信用证confirmed L/ C3 保证重量weight guaranteed3 保质保量quality and quantity assured2 报表statements and reports3 报关customs declaration; clearance of goods; apply to the customs 5 报关单；舱单manifest2 报关费customs declaration fee3 报关附税payment of duty2 报关行customs broker; customhouse broker5 报价quotation4 报税make a statement of dutiable goods4 报税通知单；报关单bill of entry5 报销reimburse5 暴跌break4 备忘录memorandum3 备用信用证stand by credit5 背书endorsement5 被解雇的；过多的redundant5 被面试的人interviewee5 被任命人appointee5 被诉方defendant4 被通知人notify party5 本地银行local bank4 本国货币domestic currency, local currenc2 本金连所生利息principal with accrued interest4 本利capital and interest;principal and interest3 本票；期票promissory note5 比率ratio5 闭关自守autarchy2 边富民兴vitalize border areas and enrich the people living3 边际生产力marginal productivity2 边际消费倾向MPC (Marginal Propensity to Consume)5 边境贸易border trade; frontier trade4 编制预算preparing a budget; making a budget5 贬值depreciation4 变价appraise at the current rate4 标高售价mark-up3 标价posted price5 标签label4 标准standard type2 标准国际单位制international system of units2 标准集装箱TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit)2 标准价格normal price3 标准统一Harmonization of Standards5 表现工作情况performance5 饼形图pie chart5 病假sick leave5 病假工资sick note5 拨款allotment; appropriation2 拨款；拨款款项；资金分配remit money; allocation of funds5 波动fluctuate5 剥夺divest5 驳船lighter3 薄利多销small profits but quick turnover; large sales at a small profit4 补偿贸易（或抵偿贸易；往返贸易）compensating / compensatory trade; compen4 补税collection of duty short paid; cover deficit by state subsidies5 补助金allowance; benefit5 补助金；补贴；津贴subsidy2 不保兑信用证unconfirmed L/C2 不变成本；固定成本constant cost5 不变价格；固定价格fixed price; constant price5 不变资本；固定资本fixed capital; constant capital5 不充分就业underemployment2 不等价贸易trade of unequal values5 不定期船tramp4 不定值保单unvalued policy4 不动产,房地产real estate; immovable property 3 不动产税real estate tax2 不对路产品unmarketable goods5 不发达underdevelopment2 不固定利息variable interest2 不记名承兑acceptance in blank4 不记名支票bearer cheque5 不经济的，浪费uneconomical5 不可撤消的，不能改变的irrevocable4 不可撤销发盘irrevocable offer2 不可抗力force majeure2 不可转让信用证non-transferable L/C2 不论损失程度IPO (irrespective of percentage) 5 不欠债be out of debt3 不受约束without engagement3 不限期即期装运undefined prompt shipment3 不许转运；不许转船transshipment prohibited 3 不足款保险under-insurance3 布雷顿森林体系The Bretton Woods System 5 部分segment5 部门division; section5 部门经理助理staff manager5 簿记bookkeeping5 簿记员bookkeeper4 材料管理materials handling3 财产保险property insurance2 财产归属property ownership5 财团consortium4 财务报告financial statement2 财务混乱general chaos in bookkeeping4 财务结算financial settlement3 财务事项；金融交易financial transactions2 财务税收fiscal charges2 财务预算financial forecast5 财务支持backing5 财政public finance4 财政保护financial protection3 财政拨款financial allocations2 财政补贴financial subsidies; grant-in-aid4 财政部the Ministry of Finance5 财政的financial; fiscal4 财政关税revenue tariff2 财政管理机构fiscal authorities2 财政及预算拨款financial and budgetary provisions 5 财政年度fiscal year; financial year4 财政收入financial revenue5 财政税revenue tax5 财政信贷financial credit2 财政预算financial budget5 财政援助financial aid5 裁员redundancy5 采购人purchaser3 采取高姿态show magnanimity3 参加工会的工人organized labour5 参考价reference price4 参考样品reference sample5 参考资料reference2 残次商品substandard commodities4 残酷的cut-throat5 仓库depot4 仓至仓条款W / W (warehouse to warehouse)4 舱位shipping space2 操作简便easy and simple to handle4 草签合同initial a contract5 策划plot3 查船inspection of ships; search of ships4 查禁走私（缉私）prevention of smuggling2 查扣物品凭单seizure ticket4 查账；盘账check account4 查账报告audit report5 差额（常指股票买价和卖价）spread5 差额；收支差额balance3 产、供、销production, supply and marketing of products 5 产出；产量output3 产地证明书certificate of origin5 产品product4 产品成本cost of goods manufactured2 产品成分production sharing2 产品的参考号码reference number (Ref. No.)3 产品返销product buyback4 产品生命周期product life cycle5 产品说明specification3 产品组合（种类和数量的组合）product mix2 产业联合industry gonsolidation4 产值output value; value of output4 长期贷款long-term loan3 长期经营long-standing business dealing2 长期通货膨胀chronic inflation4 长期投资long-term investment4 长期债务人aged debtors4 长期证券long-term security3 长线产品long-term oversupplied goods; oversupplied products4 偿付借款repayment of loan3 偿付损失settlement of loss2 偿付信用证reimbursement credit5 偿还redemption; refund3 偿还贷款本息pay the principal and interest on the loan they borrow4 偿还基金redemption fund3 偿还率rate of redemption2 偿还外汇贷款repayment of foreign loans2 偿还债款paying off a loan2 偿还债权人settle with creditors3 偿还债务settle a debt payment3 偿债基金sinking fund3 偿债能力debt paying ability5 畅销active demand4 畅销best-selling goods3 畅销货article in great demand2 畅销全球selling well all over the world4 畅销性market ability5 钞票bank note4 钞票；纸币paper money2 超额奖金bonuses for topping quotas4 超额支出financial expenditure5 超过exceed2 超期羁押detention beyond the legally prescribed time limit5 超收overcharge4 超支over-expenditure5 车间flow shop4 撤销合同cancel a contract5 陈列室showroom5 成本cost3 成本保险费加运费CIF, c.i.f.4 成本会计cost accounting5 成本计算costing4 成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）C&F (cost and freight)5 成本价cost price2 成本推进式通货膨胀cost-push inflation3 成本推进型cost push3 成交conclude business4 成交make a bargain; concude a transaction3 成交额volume of transaction; volume of business 5 成交活跃的股票active stock5 成文法statute5 呈送hand in5 承办商contractor2 承包工程contracting work3 承包通知单insurance cover note5 承保险别risk covered; risk insured2 承兑费acceptance charge2 承兑交单documents against acceptance3 承兑信用证acceptance letter of credit4 承兑信用证banker’s acceptance4 承兑银行accepting bank; merchant bank4 承兑支票honor a check3 承接订单execute an order5 承诺commitment5 承认recognise5 承租人lessee2 诚信为本openness basing on sincerity4 城市建设附加费city development surcharge3 程租船；程租voyage charter5 持有者holder3 尺码吨measurement ton5 赤字deficit; in the red2 赤字开支deficit spending2 充分需求adequate demand5 冲突conflict5 抽查test check; sport check3 抽样认可acceptance sampling5 筹借资金financing5 酬金compensation; remuneration5 出厂价格producer price; ex-factory price4 出港许可证port clearance4 出境许可证departure permit; exit permit3 出口包装export packing5 出口包装公司export packer3 出口标准包装export standard packing5 出口补贴export subsidy5 出口管制export control5 出口合同export contract5 出口汇票export bill3 出口加工贸易active improement trade4 出口加工区EPZ （export processing zone)5 出口津贴export subsidy4 出口经营export operation5 出口能力export capability4 出口配额制export quota system2 出口申报export declaration5 出口税export duty4 出口退税tax eefund4 出口销售额export sales5 出口信贷export credit2 出口信用国家担保government guarantee of export credit3 出口信用证export letter of credit5 出口许口证export licence2 出纳receive and pay out money or bills5 出纳员cashier; pay clerk5 出租人lessor4 除当事人另有约定的以外unless parties have agreed otherwise 3 除非较早靠泊unless sooner berthed2 除非另有约定unless other wise agreed4 除非使用unless used5 除外责任exclusion2 储备货币reserve currency5 储备基金；储备资本reserve funds2 储蓄存款saving deposit5 储蓄银行savings banks5 处理（事务）dispose2 传销及变相传销Pyramid schemes and the ones in disguised forms 5 传阅circulate5 传阅的小册子（传单等）circular3 船舶运输代理人shipping and forwarding agents4 船舱进口报告书report of ship’s entry2 船东责任ship owner's liability2 船方负担税金steamer pays dues3 船壳特殊检验special survey for hull5 船员清单crew list4 船只扣留；海关扣留detention of vessel3 串味险risk of odor4 创办资本；最初资本initial capital5 创立set up4 垂直贸易（南北贸易）vertical trade; south-north trade5 纯金fine gold; pure gold5 纯利润；净利net profit5 纯收益；净收入；收益净额net income5 辞职resignation5 辞职申请；离职通知；通知notice2 从价税Ad (valorem tariff)4 从量税specific duty5 从事多种经营diversify4 从业人员employed person3 从属信用证subsidiary credit5 粗略地roughly5 促销传单flier(=flyer)2 催缴资本calling up of capital4 催债press for payment of debt5 存单depositor3 存积货物carrying stock5 存款savings2 存款比率ratio of deposits3 存款单；存款收据deposit receipt; deposit certificate; CD （certificate of deposit)4 存款金额amount deposited4 存款利率deposit rate3 存款利息interest on deposit3 存款政策policy of deposits; inventory policy5 存折bankbook; deposit book5 措辞wording2 达标活动target hitting activities4 达成交易strike a bargain4 达到最有效的基本生产规模MES (minimum efficient scale)5 打包bale packing5 打包机器press5 打发走dismissal3 打假crack down on counterfeit goods5 打入（市场）penetrate4 大东亚共荣圈Greater Far East Co-prosperity Sphere2 大幅度地；大量地substantially3 大减价bargain sale3 大量订购large-volume commodities; bulk commodity4 大陆架continental shelf3 大陆桥continental bridge; land bridge4 大路货（良好平均品质）fair average quality4 大写金额amount in words5 大灾难catastrophe5 大众传媒（如电视、广播、报纸等）mass media3 大众营销术mass-marketing3 大宗商品stample commodity3 呆滞商品drug in the market4 呆滞资产bad assets2 代表性样品representative sample5 代理人agent3 代理手续费agency commission4 代理协议agency agreement5 代理业务agent-service3 代销offer for sale; sale on a commission basis2 待指定be nominated4 贷款loaning money3 贷款利率lending rate2 贷款利息interest on a loan2 贷款期限length of loan5 贷款条件term of loan4 贷款协定；借款契约loan agreement4 贷款账户loan account3 贷款总额loan ceiling5 袋装货cargo in bag4 单边出口unilateral export2 单边贸易unilateral trade5 单边主义unilateralism3 单纯支付clean / simple payment4 单独海损PA (particular average)5 单价unit price4 单利simple interest5 单式簿记single-entry5 单位unit4 单位成本unit cost4 单一的实体single entity4 单一市场Single Market5 弹性工作时间制flextime2 弹性工作制的必须上班时间core time3 弹性预算flexible budget5 淡季的off-season4 淡水雨淋险FWRD (fresh water rain damage)3 当地信用证local letter of credit3 当事人之间私下和解amicable settlement between two parties2 当务之急top priority2 到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insurance and freight2 到期本金matured principal4 到期全部付清be paid in full at the appointed time5 到期日,偿还日maturity3 到期未付清的负债matured liabilities unpaid5 得到供货sourcing5 登记注册的listed2 等价贸易trade of equal values5 低潮hard times4 低档（风险）债券，垃圾债券junk bonds3 低档商品市场down-market5 低效率inefficiency3 抵偿贸易政策compensation trade policy4 抵达海水吃水salt water arrival draft3 抵抗全球经济衰退combat the global economic slump4 抵押mortgage4 抵押贷款mortgage lending4 抵押金mortgage money3 抵押契约mortgage agreement4 抵押银行mortgage bank2 抵债pay a debt in kin or by labor5 抵制boycott4 地方公务员local public service employee5 地区region3 地租land tax3 递交辞呈hand in one's notice5 递盘bidding2 递实盘bid firm2 第三保险third-party insurance3 缔结合同conclude a contract3 缔约方contracting party2 电复cable reply2 电话接线员telephone operator5 电话销售telesales4 电汇telegraphic transfer; telegraphically remit4 电脑操作员key puncher4 电讯telegraphic communication3 奠基仪式foundation stone laying ceremony5 调查survey2 调节税regulatory business tax3 调解人re-conciliator5 调遣dispatch3 调整前预算表trial balance before adjustment5 订单order sheet; indent5 订购；订货book; place an order for5 订货合同contract for goods4 定金earnest money2 定期存款fixed deposit; time deposit2 定期存款单time certificate of deposit4 定期付款payment on term5 定期增加increment2 定期租船time charter5 定向orient5 定向发行introduction2 东亚经济圈East Asia Economic Rim3 董事会Board of Directors4 动产movable property5 动机motive5 冻结资本frozen fund2 冻结资产frozen assets5 冻结资金frozen capital5 独家代理exclusive agency; sole agency4 独家分销商sole distributor4 独家经营/ 包销/ 代理协议exclusivity agreement4 独家专营权exclusive right2 独立核算keep separate accounts4 独立经营individual proprietorship5 独占资本monopoly capital3 短量险risk of shortage5 短期贷款short-term loan4 短期汇票short-term draft5 短期借款short loan; short-term borrowing2 短期投资current investment; liquid investment3 短期外债short term external debt5 短期信贷short term credit2 短期债务；流动债务floating debt3 短期证券short-term security5 短缺scarcity3 短线产品goods in shor supply; undersupplied products4 对冲基金hedge fund4 对等样品counter sample3 对货物（合同、订单等）的保险insurance on goods (contract, order, etc.)2 对品牌的忠实（指消费者）brand loyalty2 对人民高度负责的态度maintain a high sense of responsibility5 对手competitor, rival5 对外贸易external trade; foreign trade2 对外贸易惯例custom of foreign trade2 对外贸易区foreign trade zone2 对外贸易值value of foreign trade2 对违禁品的没收confiscation of contraband3 对消贸易（抵偿贸易）counter trade4 兑付honour (a cheque)5 兑现pay cash; cash a cheque2 吨位丈量证书tonnage measurement certificate3 吨位证书tonnage certificate3 囤积价值carrying value2 多边安排multilateral arrangements3 多边环境协议Multilateral Environmental Agreement4 多边贸易multilateral trade2 多边协定multilateral agreement5 多边主义multilateralism5 多付（款）overpay4 多级管理multiple management5 多头bull4 多头买升buying long4 多头执法duplicate law enforcement5 多样化variety2 多种经营diversified economy4 额定投资；法定资本；核定资本authorized capital4 额外保险excess insurance3 额外保险费extra premium5 额外待遇（交通、保健、保险等）perk4 额外投资additional investment5 恶劣天气heavy weather二级词汇3 发货deliver goods4 发货人提供的重量shipper's weights4 发价make an offer5 发盘offer5 发盘的撤销5 发盘的修改modification; revocation5 发盘人offerer5 发票invoice4 发实盘offer firm5 发行股票issue; float4 发行价格issue price5 发言人spokesman2 发展基金expansion funds5 发展中的developing5 发证行issuing bank5 罚金；罚金条款penalty5 法定贬值devaluation5 法定的statutory3 法定货币lawful money; legal tender3 法定利率legal interest4 法定契约contract by deed5 法定升值；使货币升值；重估价revaluation3 法人税；公司税corporation tax3 法庭调解reconciliation by court3 反补贴税Countervailing Duty5 反馈feedback4 反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against3 反倾销税antidumping duty5 返销buy back2 贩卖transport goods for sale2 方法研究method study4 防潮包装damp-proof packing2 防范和化解金融风险address financial risks; guard against and defuse financial risks2 防水包装waterproof packing4 防伪标志anti-fake label2 防止"一哄而起" avoid herd mentality2 防止经济过热prevent an overheated economy2 房地产税housing and land tax3 放宽利率liberalization of interest rates5 放行release3 非凡的牛市raging bull3 非关税堡垒non-tariff barrier3 非技术工人unskilled worker4 非居民账户non-resident account3 非配额产品quota-free products3 非歧视Non-discrimination2 非生产性投资investment in non-productive projects; nonproductive funds4 非专门设计的off-the-shelf2 废除合同annul a contract5 废料或废品scrap2 费改税改革tax-for-fees reform5 费用expense5 分包（工程项目），转包；承包合同subcontract3 分保（在保险）re- insurance5 分发，分送产品distribution4 分股share split up4 分红share profit; receive dividends2 分级核算business accounting at different levels4 分阶段停止使用phase out5 分类帐；账本（账册、账簿）subsidiary account; ledger 3 分批运输partial transport5 分期偿还amortize5 分期偿还贷款term loan4 分期付款installment buying; purchase in installment3 分期付款购物法hire purchase3 分摊费用apportionment of expenses3 分业管理、规模经营business segregation, economy of scale4 风险分级classification of risk2 风险管理/ 评估risk management / assessment3 风险基金；风险资本venture capital3 风险意识consciousness of risk prevention3 风险准备金loan loss provision; provisions of risk5 风险资本risk capital2 封锁及禁运blockade and embargo2 封样sealed sample5 福利welfare2 福利补贴welfare for dependants; floating rate2 抚养津贴dependency allowance3 付款（交货）against payment3 付款交单document against payment (DP)5 付款凭单voucher5 付款台checkout5 负债；债务liability; get into debt3 附寄一张支票已清偿enclose a check in settlement of2 附加保险费additional premium3 附加费用additional charges; extra charges4 附加福利fringe benefits5 附加工资extra wage; supplementary wage4 附加津贴fringe benefits5 附加税surtax4 附加资本supplementary capital; additional paid-in capital5 附件appendix5 附录attachment4 复利（复息）compound interest4 复式簿记double-entry5 复苏recovery5 复样duplicate sample5 副本copy5 副产品by-product5 副职deputy2 改革价格形成机制reform the price formation mechanism 2 改善进入条件improve terms of access2 概不赊欠ready money business,no credit given3 概算financial estimates3 岗位津贴job subsidies3 港口附加费port surcharge3 港口税port dues5 杠杆比率leverage4 高层管理人员senior management2 高档商品的/ 地up market3 高度机密strictly confidential5 高额定价，撇奶油式定价skimming5 革新innovate3 格式合同model contract4 个别资本individual capital4 个人贷款personal loan4 个人收入personal income3 个人所得税individual income tax4 个人自愿计划voluntary private plans4 个体经济individual economy3 个体经营privately or individually-owned business4 个体经营者individual operator3 个体商贩individual traders and peddlers3 各费付讫charges paid4 给予折扣discount granted2 根本违反fundamental breach5 根据订单against order4 根据订货而生产的产品make-to-order3 跟单汇票documentary bill3 跟单信用证documentary letter of credit5 工厂的布局layout5 工厂的总产量throughput4 工厂负责人plant manager4 工会trade union4 工会代表工人与资方代表达成的collective agreement4 工会管事shop steward2 工商法规commercial and industrial law and regulations2 工商所得税tax on industry5 工商业界business circle4 工商资金industrial and commercial funds3 工团主义trade unionism3 工团主义者trade unionist3 工业（实业）股票industrial stock3 工业流动资金industrial circulating funds3 工业展览会industrial exhibition3 工艺精良sophisticated technology5 工资wage; earnings5 工资冻结wage freeze5 工资或薪金收入，经营或投资的收入income2 工资价格螺旋上升wage-price spiral3 工资指数wage index2 工作的满意感（自豪感）job satisfaction2 工作过程work-in-proGREss5 工作量workload2 工作流动job mobility4 工作轮换job rotation4 工作情况评估performance appraisal5 工作日working day5 工作时间working hours5 工作说明；职务说明job description4 工作条件working conditions3 工作位置work station5 工作许可证work permit5 公布；做广告advertise5 公差tolerance2 公共保险公司co- insurance company4 公共成分；公共部门；公有企业public sector2 公共关系PR (public relations)2 公共积累public accumulation2 公共事业股票utility stock4 公共投资public investment2 公共债务membership criteria2 公积金public welfare funds4 公开发行public issue4 公开上市交易的公司Publicly Traded Companies 3 公开市场业务Open-Market Operations5 公路通行税road toll3 公路运输road transport5 公平交易fair trade5 公司company; firm5 公司的长期目标和原则mission5 公司帐目books3 公司组织机构图organisation chart4 公务员public servants4 公益金public accumulation funds; public reserve funds4 公制the metric system5 公众，（有共同兴趣的）一群人或社会人士publics5 供不应求demand over supply3 供不应求in short supply3 供不应求的市场tight market2 供过于求supply exceeds demand5 供最后选择的候选人名单shortlist2 共同海损general average2 共同海损分摊GA contribution3 共同价contracted price4 共同商议collective discussion2 共同体基金community fund2 共有基金投资mutual fund investment5 贡持有人,股东shareholder5 贡持有人,股东；股票持有人stockholder5 贡经纪人stock-jobber4 贡投资stock investment4 钩损险hook damage4 购货单purchase note4 购货合同；购买合同；买卖合同purchase contract5 购货请求buying requisition2 购货确认书；购买确认书purchase confirmation3 购货转销buying for resale5 购买purchase5 购买力buying power; purchasing power3 估计价estimated price4 估计需求estimated demand5 估价；评定assess2 估税标准basis of assessment5 估算reckon4 股本；股本资本capital stock; equity capital5 股东；股票持有人shareholder3 股东年会annual general meeting5 股东权益equity5 股份share5 股份公司；证券公司stock company; joint-stock company 3 股份合作joint stock partnership2 股份有限公司limited (liability) company (ltd.)4 股金share capital4 股利收入income gain4 股面价格, 票面价格 par value5 股票stock2 股票报价quotation for stock4 股票发行stock issue5 股票公司job firm5 股票过户stock transfer2 股票换手率stock turnover5 股票交易额；营业额；员工流动的比率turnover4 股票交易所；贡市场；证券交易所stock exchange5 股票经纪人；贡经纪人stockbroker4 股票买卖；股票交易buying and selling stocks2 股票平均价格stock average5 股票商人stock jobber2 股票上市公司public limited company (plc)2 股票所有权stock ownership4 股票值share worth4 股票指数share index; stock index3 股权分置改革Share-merger reform5 股息dividend2 固定费用fixed rate4 固定工permanent worker3 固定汇率fixed exchange rate2 固定货币供给效应Fixed Money-Supply Effect 5 固定价格regular price5 固定收入fixed income3 固定收益constant return2 固定债务；长期债务funded debt3 固定资产fixed assets5 顾客化customise4 雇佣工人salary earner5 雇员名单，工资表payroll2 关闭公司wind up2 关键途径分析法critical path analysis2 关境customs frontier5 关税tariff; customs duty5 关税堡垒tariff barrier3 关税合并（关税同化）mergence of tariff2 关税减让tariff concession2 关税配额tariff quota3 关税收入customs revenue3 官价official price5 管理部门management5 管理人员的，管理方面的managerial2 管理信息系统management information syem (MIS) 4 管理帐目management accounts5 管辖（权）jurisdiction4 管账keeping accounts3 管制经济controlled economy3 惯常包装usual packing4 惯例established practice3 惯性增长率inertial growth rate3 光票clean bill5 广告牌；招贴板billboard5 广告业advertising5 广告印刷传单leaflet4 归个人支配的收入disposable personal income2 规避风险mitigate risks5 规格specifications3 规格不符different specification4 规格齐全complete in specifications4 规模经济scale economy / economies of scale4 规模经营优势advantage of economies of scale2 瑰丽多彩pretty and colorful5 国定利息fixed interest4 国防公债defense bond4 国防支出expenditure on national defense3 国合企业（即国有合作社）state-owned cooperatives4 国籍证书certificate of registry3 国际（商会）贸易术语解释通则International Chamber of Commerce Terms2 国际博览会international exposition; international fair5 国际储备international reserve2 国际多式联运international combined transport; international multimodal transport2 国际公法international public law3 国际货币基金international monetary fund（the IMF）5 国际贸易international trade2 国际贸易活动international trade activity2 国际贸易纽带nexus of international trade4 国际贸易值；国贸值value of international trade2 国际市场international market2 国际市场价格world （International）Market price4 国际收入international trade of payments4 国际收支balance of international payments; international reven and expenditure2 国际收支不平衡disequilibrium of balance of payment2 国际债券international bonds4 国家补贴public subsidies2 国家定额state quota3 国家公务员national public servant3 国家经济预算nation’s economic budget4 国家垄断state monopoly4 国家收入national revenue3 国家收支national balance sheet3 国家投资拨款appropriation for state investment4 国家现汇结存state foreign exchange reserves5 国库state treasury4 国库券state treasury bonds5 国库收入public revenue4 国贸地区分布international trade by regions4 国贸量quantum of international trade2 国贸商品结构international trade by commodities2 国民待遇national treatment5 国民收入；国收入national income3 国民素质the populace's cultivation2 国民支出总额gross national expenditure5 国内储蓄domestic saving4 国内汇兑domestic exchange; home exchange5 国内税internal tax3 国内信用证supplementary credit; domestic credit5 国内银行domestic bank2 国生产总值gross antional product5 国税national tax; state tax3 国外配额allocated quota3 国外支付external payment2 国外资产external assets3 国营铁路职员nation railroad man5 国债national debt; government loan5 过渡期间；中期interim2 过渡时期优惠期transitional grace period4 过渡政府interim government5 过户assigned3 过境货物监管supervision and control over transit cargo4 过境贸易；转口贸易transit trade5 海关the customs; custom house3 海关保税；海关罚款customs bond2 海关查扣customs seizure3 海关发票customs invoice2 海关罚款customs fine5 海关法customs law3 海关关长customs commissioner4 海关关封customs seal3 海关监督customs supervision4 海关人员customs officer; customs official2 海关手续customs formalities4 海关验货单particular paper for examination2 海上费用maritime charges3 海损保险单average policy3 海损理算书adjustment letter4 海外贸易overseas trade4 海洋运输ocean transport; marine transport2 海运货物保险条款ocean maritime cargo clauses4 含金量gold content2 含佣价price including commission汉语英文2 航程证明书certificate of itinerary4 航次期租time charter trip3 航空保险aviation insurance2 航空运费表the air cargo tariff4 航空运输air transport5 好主意，好点子gimmick5 号码簿；指南directory4 合并（公司，企业等的）amalgamation; merger2 合并债务consolidated debt2 合法收入lawfully-earned income5 合格产品zero defect2 合伙经营run a business in partnership5 合伙企业；合伙（关系）partnership4 合理时间reasonable time3 合理引导消费guide rational consumption3 合同编号contract serial number3 合同到期expiration of contract2 合同的解释interpretation of contact2 合同的续订renewal of contract5 合同法contract law3 合同规定的保证contract guarantee3 合同规定的义务contractual liability4 合同履行contract performance3 合同期限contract period5 合同条款contract clause; contract terms5 合同条款treaty article2 合营各方paries to a joint venture3 合约价exercise price3 合资经营企业joint ventures using Chinese and foreign。

Unit 16 〜Unit 30Unit 16 Bo nds 债券词汇1.i nvestors: providers of funds 投资人：资金提供者2.issu ing bon ds: borrow ing money发行债券：借钱3.principal: the amount of a loan本金：贷款金额4.maturity: date at which the money will be returned至U期：还款日5.pension fun ds: retireme nt money养老基金：退休的钱6.buy-a nd-hold in vestors: keep their bonds till maturity买入并持有的投资者：保持他们的债券至到期7.non-payme nt: default 未付款：违约8.price appreciation: fall in interest rates价格上涨：禾U率下降9.price depreciati on: rise in in terest rate价格下降：禾U率上升10.capital ga ins: profits on the sale of asset资本收益：资产销售利润1.equity financing: issuing shares 股权融资：发行股票2.debt financing: issuing bonds债务融资：发行债券3.bearer certificate: a security whose owner is not registered with the issu不记名票证：一个安全的所有者不与发行人注册4.liquid: easily sold (turned into cash)流动：容易出售(变成现金)5.par: nominal or face value (100%票面价值6.coupon: the rate of interest paid by a fixed interest security!票率：固定利率债券的利率7.yield: the rate of in come an inv estor receives tak ing into acco unt a security ' s c收益：投资者收到考虑安全的现行价格的收益率Unit 17 Futures and derivatives 期货及衍生品1、futures: con tract to buy or sell fixed qua ntities of a commodity, curre ncy, or finan cial asset at a future date, at a price fixed at the time of making the contrac期货：一般是指期货合约，由期货交易所统一制定的、在将来某一特定时间和地点交割一定数量标的物的标准化合约。

《商法学》精品课程建设材料之商法学英文单词和短语精选山东政法学院《商法学》精品课程项目组商法学英文单词和短语精选Collected Words and Expressions in Commercial jurisprudencePart ⅠChapter 1 General Introduction to Commercial Law1. 商commerce2. 商人businessman3. 以营利为目的for-profit4.交易transaction5. 固有商inherent merchants6.辅助商auxiliary merchants7.商法commercial law8.商事关系commercial relations9.民商分立seperation of civil and commercial codes 10.民商合一combination of civil and commercial codes 11.商事组织法business association law 12.商行为法commercial conduct law 13.公司法company law 14.破产法bankruptcy law 15.票据法instrument law 16.证券法security law 17.保险法insurance law 18.海商法maritime commercial law 19.商法的基本原则basic principles of commercial law 20.强化商事组织原则principle of strengthening business organizations 21. 维持交易安全原则principle of affirming safety of trading 22.促进交易便捷原则principle of improving convience and efficiency of trading 23.公平交易原则principle of realizing fairness of trading 24. 商主体commercial subject 25.商事能力business capacity 26.商法人juridical person in commercial law 27.商个人sole proprietor in commercial law 28.商合伙commercial partnership 29.商行为commercial conduct 30.经营business operation 31.绝对商行为absolute commercial conduct 32. 相对商行为relative commercial conduct 33.商事代理commercial agency 34.商事留置commercial lien 35商事登记.commercial registration 36.商号trade name 37.商号权rights of trade name 38.商业账簿trade bookChapter 2 Origin and Development of Commercial Law1.商业习惯customs of merchants2.商人习惯法customary law of merchants3. 法国商法典commercial code of France4. 德国商法典commercial code of Germany5. 日本商法典commercial code of Japan6. 主观主义立法模式subjectivist legislative mode7.客观主义立法模式objectivist legislative mode8.折衷主义立法模式eclectic legislative mode9.判例法case law 10.制定法statute law 11.美国统一商法典Uniform Commercial Code of the United States 12.商法总则general rules of commercial law 13. 商法分则classified rules of commercial law 14.商业惯例business practiceChapter 3 Commercial Law and Other Legal Divisions1.商法commercial law2.民法civil law3.民商分立seperation of civil and commercial codes4.民商合一combination of civil and commercial codes5.普通法general law6.特别法special law7. 特别法优于普通法special law derogates general law8.经济法economic law9.行政法administrative law 10. 企业法enterprise law 11.消费者权益保护法consumer protection law 12 单方商行为unilateral commercial conducts 13.双方商行为bilateral commercial conducts 14.营利调整机制for-profit regulative system 15.行政调整机制administrative regulative systemPart ⅡCorporation LawChapter 4 General overview of Corporation Law1.公司company2.企业法人enterprise legal person3.社团法人corporation4.人合公司personal company5. 资合公司capital company6.跨国公司multinational corporation7. 母公司parent company8.子公司constituent company9.本公司head office 10. 分公司branch company 11.无限责任公司non-limited liability company 12. 有限责任公司limited liability company 13.两合公司limited partnership by shares 14.股份有限公司joint stock limited company 15. 股份两合公司joint-stock limited partnership 16.公开公司public company 17.封闭式公司private company 18.保证有限公司company limited by guarantee 19.公司设立formation of a company 20.公司解散dissolution of a company 21.公司章程articles of association 22. 经营范围business scope 23.公司分立corporate seperation 24. 公司合并coporate merger 25.财务会计报告financial statement 26.资产负债表balance sheeet 27.公司盈余profit of a company 28.公积金accumulation fundChapter 5 limited liability company1.股东share-holder2.出资额capital contribution3.注册资本registered capital4.法定资本最低限额statutory minimum amount of capital5.公司名称name of a company6.公司住所domicile of a company7.组织机构organizational structure8.生产经营场所premises for production and operation9.生产经营条件necessary conditions for production and operation 10.发起设立incorporation by promotion 11.设立登记registration of incorporation 12.营业执照business license 13.出资方式method of capital contribution 14.出资证明书capital contribution certificate 15. 股权转让transfer of stock rights 16.股东会share-holders meeting 17.定期会议regular meeting 18.临时会议interim meeting 19.普通决议common resolution 20.特别决议special resolution 21.董事director 22.董事会board of directors 23.董事长chairman of the board directors 24. 监事supervisor 25.监事会supervisory board 26.经理manager 27.副经理deputy manager 28.财务负责人personel in charge of financial affairs 29.忠实义务fidelity duty 30. 勤勉义务diligence duty 31. 国有独资公司wholly state-owned company 32.外商独资公司sole-foreigninvester company 33.一人公司one man’s company 34.中外合资公司sino-foreign contractual joint company 35.外国公司的分支机构branch of a foreign companyChapter 6 Joint-Stock Limited Company1.股份有限公司joint-stock limited company2.股份share3. 发起人sponsor4.股份发行issuance of shares5. 募集股份share offer6.招股说明书prospectus on share offer7.募集设立incorporation by means of share offer8. 认股subscription9.缴纳股款payment 10.创立大会inaugural meeting 11.股本share capital 12.法定资本制statutory capital system 13. 授权资本制authorized capital system 14.折衷资本制eclectic authorized capital system 15.资本确定原则doctrine of capital determination 16.资本不变原则doctrine of unchanging capital 17.资本维持原则doctrine of capital maintenance 18.增资increase of the registered capital 19.减资reduction of the registered capital 20.股份转让transfer of shares 21.股东大会shareholders general meetingChapter 7 Securities law1.有价证券negotiable security2.资本证券capital security3.货币资本money-capital4.流通证券marketble securities5.股票stock6.记名股票registered stock 6.无记名股票unregistered stock7.普通股股票common stock8.优先股股票preference stock9.表决权股票voting stock 10.社会公众股shares issued to the general public 13. 募股申请application for share offer 14股票价格.stock price 15.股票收益stock yield 16.股票回购stock repurchase 17.公司债券company bonds 18.有担保公司债券guaranteed bonds 19.本金debenture principal 20.债券利息bond interest 20.债券发行bond issuance 21.债权转让exchange of bonds 22股票上市.listing of shares 23. 证券交易所stock exchang 24.债券上市listing of bondsPart Ⅲ Bankruptcy LawChapter 8 General Overview of Bankruptcy Law1.破产bankruptcy2.无力清偿insolvency3. 公平清偿fair payment4. 债权人creditor5.债务人debtor6.破产案件bankruptcy cases7. 破产法bankruptcy law8.破产程序bankruptcy procedure9.商人破产主义mercantile bankruptcy theory 10.一般破产主义general bankruptcy theory 11.免责主义doctrine of exemption 12.不免责主义doctrine of nonexemption 13.属地主义doctrine of territoriality in bankruptcy 14.普及主义universalism of bankruptcy doctrineChapter 9 General Overview of Bankruptcy Procedure1.破产程序bankruptcy procedure2.破产程序的适用范围scope of application for bankruptcy procedure3.企业法人business corporation4.破产原因cause of bankruptcy5. 无力清偿insolvency6. 资不抵债inability to offset debts with assets7.缺乏清偿能力lack of ability to repay debts8.停止支付suspend payment9.地域管辖territorial jurisdiction 10.级别管辖jurisdiction by form level 11.管辖权转移transfer of jurisdiction 12.破产裁定order of bankruptcy 13.破产公告public notice of bankruptcy 14.破产申请bankruptcy application 15.破产申请人bankruptcy applicant 16. 破产案件的受理acceptance of bankruptcy case 17.破产申请的驳回deny a bankruptcy application 18.管理人的任命appointment of a bankruptcy trustee 19.债务人财产debtor estate 20.撤销权right of revocation in bankruptcy procedure 21.追回权right of recovery in bankruptcy procedure 22.取回权recall right 23.抵销权right of setoff in bankruptcy procedure 24.破产费用costs for bankruptcy proceedings 25.共益债务debts for common benefit 26.债权申报reports of credits 27.债权人会议creditors meeting 27.债权人委员会creditors committeeChapter 10 Revitalization1.重整原因cause of revitalization2.重整申请application for revitalization3.重整期间period of revitalization4.继续营业continuance of a business5.重整计划schemes of revitalization6.企业拯救enterprises revitalization7.重整计划的执行implementation of revitalization8.重整计划的执行终止termination of the implementation of revitalizationChapter 11 Settlement1.和解程序settlement procedure2.和解申请application for settlement3.和解协议settlement agreement4. 和解失败failure of settlement5.和解完毕fulfillment of a settlement agreementChapter 12 Bankruptcy liquidations1.破产宣告bankruptcy declaration2.破产原因cause of bankruptcy3.破产宣告的裁定rulings of a bankruptcy declaration4.破产清算程序bankruptcy liquidation procedure5.破产人bankrupt6.破产财产insolvent properties7.别除权exemption right8.担保物权realrights for security9.破产变价realization of insolvent properties 10.破产变价方案scheme of realization of insolvent properties 11.破产分配distribution of insolvent proprties 12.破产分配方案scheme of distribution of insolvent properties 13.破产分配的法定顺序statutory order of distribution of insolvent properties 14.工资wages of staff and workers 15.税收taxes 16.破产债权bankruptcy claims 17.追加分配supplementary distribution 17.破产程序的终结termination of bankruptcyprocedurePart Ⅳ Commercial instrument lawChapter 13 General Overview of bills and commercial paper law1.票据commercial instrument2.设权证券right-creating securities3.无因证券abstract securities4.要式证券formal securities5.文义证券literal securities6.流通证券negotiable securities7.信用证券credit instrument8.支付证券payment instrument9.远期票据long-dated bill 10.即期票据sight bill 11.汇票bill 0f exchange 12.本票promissory note 13.支票check 14.汇兑功能function of exchange 15.支付功能function of payment 16.信用功能function of credit 17.票据法commercial instrument law 18.票据关系bill relations 19.票据发行关系bill ralations caused by issuance 20.票据背书关系bill relations caused by endorsement 21. 票据保证关系bill relations caused by guaranty 22.票据承兑关系bill relations caused by acception 23.原因关系cause relations 24.预约关系preliminary relations 25.资金关系fund relations 26.票据行为act of commercial paper 27.基本票据行为fundmental instrument act 28.附属票据行为auxiliary act on negotiable instrument 29.出票issuing a bill 30.背书endorsement 31.保证guaranty 32.承兑acceptance 33.出票人drawer 34.持票人holder 35.背书人endorser 36.保证人guarantor 37.承兑人acceptor 38.收款人payee 39.票据代理agency of act of commercial paper 40.票据权利rights of bill 41.付款请求权right of claim for payment 42.追索权right of recourse 43.正当持票人holder in due course 44.票据的伪造forgery of a bill 45.票据的涂销erasure of a bill 46.票据的变造alteration of a bill 47. 公示催告publicizing public notice for assertion of claims 48.空白票据blank bill 49.票据抗辩bill pleading 50.票据权利的时效limitation of action of rights of billChapter 14 Bill of Exchange1.汇票bill of exchange2.委付证券payment by mandate securities3.商业汇票commercial bill of exchange4.银行汇票bank draft5.即期汇票sight bill6.远期汇票long –dated bill7.记名汇票inscribed bill of exchange8.无记名汇票bearer bill of exchange9.指示汇票bill drawn to order 10.正式汇票formal bill of exchange 11.变式汇票informal bill of exchange 12.出票issuing a bill 13.绝对必要记载事项absolutely necessary specified particulars 14.相对必要记载事项relatively necessary specified particulars 15.任意记载事项freely specified particulars 16. 背书endorsement 17. 转让背书endorsement for transfering bill rights 18.空白背书blank endorsement 19.记名背书full endorsement 20.质押背书endorsement for pledge 21.承兑acceptance 22. 承兑提示presentment for acceptance 23.保证guaranty 24.保证人guarantor 25.被保证人guarantee 26.付款payment 27.付款提示presentment for payment 28.追索权right of recourse 29.背书的连续continuity of endorsementChapter 15 Promissory notes and cheques1.本票promissory notes2.银行本票cashier’s check3.即期本票demand promissory note4.先进本票cash promissory note5.转账本票promissory note for transfer6. 支票cheque7.现金支票cash cheque8.转账支票chack for transfer9.即期支票cheque at sight 10.空白支票blank checkPart Ⅴ Insurance lawChapter 16 General Overview of Insurance and Insurance Law1.保险insurance2.保险合同insurance contract3.投保人applicant for insurance4.保险人insurer5.保险费premium6.被保险人insurant7.保险金insurance benefits8.商业保险commercial insurance9.可保危险insurable risk 10.强制保险compulsory insurance 11.自愿保险voluntary insurance 12.原保险original insurance 13.再保险reinsurance 14.责任保险liability insurance 15.财产保险property insurance 16.人身保险personal insurance 17.保险标的insurance object 18.保险法insurance law 19.保险合同法law of insurance contract 20.海上保险marine insurance 21.社会保险制度legal system of social insurance 22.保险利益原则doctrine of insurable interest 23. 最大诚信原则doctrine of utmost good faith 24.告知notify 25.保证assure 26.弃权与禁止反言dislaimer and being prohibited from going back on one’s words 27.损失补偿原则doctrine of indemnification for loss 28.近因原则doctrine of immediate causeChapter 17 Introduction to Insurance Contract1.保险合同insurance contract2.双务合同riciprocal contract3.有偿合同remunerative contract4.附和合同contracts in standord form5.定值保险合同contract of fixed amount insurance6.不定值保险合同contract of unvalued insurance7.保险人insurer8.投保人applicant for insurance9.被保险人insurant 10.受益人benefiary 11.保险代理人insurance agent 12.保险经纪人insurance broker 13.保险公估人insurance public appraiser 14.投保单proposal form 15.暂保单insurance receipt 16.保险单insurance policy 17.保险凭证insurance certificate 18.投保apply for insurance 19.承保accept insurance 20.保险责任insurance lidbility 21.保险期间duration of insurance coverage 22.保险价值insurable value 23.保险金额sum insured 24.保险危险insurance risks 25.保险事故insured event 26.保密义务duty of maintaining secrecy 27.保险合同的解除dissolution of an insurance contractChapter 18 Contract of Property Insurance1.财产保险合同contract of property insurance2.财产损失保险indemnity insurance3.责任保险liability insurance4.信用保险credit insurance5.火灾保险fire insurance6.保险代位权right of insurance subrogation7.保险价值insurance value8.保险金额sum insured9.保险责任insurance liability 10.责任免除exemption from liability 11.索赔claim an indemnity 12.理赔settlement of claims 13.保险委付insurance abandonment 14.重复保险double insurance 15.企业财产保险insurance of enterprise property 16.机动车辆保险motor vehicle insurance 17.货物运输保险cargo insuranceChapter 19 Contract of Personal Insurance1.人身保险合同contract of personal insurance2.定额保险合同sum insurance contract3.受益人insurance beneficiary4.指定受益人designated beneficiary5.法定受益人statutory beneficiary6.受益人的变更alteration of beneficiary 7.人寿保险life insurance 8.死亡保险mortality insurance 9.健康保险health insurance 10.意外伤害保险injury insurance 11.不可争条款undinable clause 12.复效条款validity reinstatement clauseChapter 20 Law of Insurance Industry1.保险公司insurance company2.保险监督管理机构insurance supervision and control authority3.中国保险监督管理委员会China Insurance Regulatory Commission4.保险准备金liability reserve funds5.保险保障金insurance protection funds6.保险公积金insurance accumulatedfund。

Unit 1一、英译汉1.It was a pleasure to receive your letter of 2nd and to learn that you are making plans for your Mr.Chadwik to visit our country in October.有幸收到阁下5月2日来函，得悉阁下正计划安排维克先生于10月访问我国。

2.If Mr.Mike so wishes we can also introduce him to some of our sister corporations with whom you may like to do business.要是迈克先生想同我们兄弟公司洽谈业务，我们也可为他引见。

3.Please let us know the time of your arrival. We will then arrange to meet you at the airport and drive you to your hotel.请告诉我们你到达的时间，届时安排去机场迎接并驾车送你到宾馆。

4.We used to import machines from England but now we wish to establish business relations with you.我们过去通常从英国进口机器，但现在想同你们建立业务关系。

5.I am making for Mr.Brown to have a discussion with Director Wang.我即将安排布朗先生和我公司的王经理会谈。

6.It gives us a great pleasure to introduce to you by this letter Mr.Ma,a manager of HongKong Huarun company.我们十分高兴地通过刺心向你介绍香港华润公司的马经理。

国际商法知识点总结英文Key Knowledge Points in International Commercial Law1. Principles of International Commercial ContractsInternational commercial contracts are the backbone of global trade. Understanding the principles of contract law is crucial for companies engaged in international business. The key elements of a valid contract include offer, acceptance, consideration, intention to create legal relations, and certainty of terms. In the international context, parties may encounter issues such as choice of law, jurisdiction, and the enforceability of contracts across borders.2. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)The CISG is the most widely adopted international treaty for the sale of goods. It provides a uniform set of rules for contracts for the international sale of goods and governs the rights and obligations of both buyers and sellers. Understanding the provisions of the CISG, such as the obligations of the parties, the determination of the contract price, and the remedies for breach of contract, is essential for businesses engaged in international trade.3. International Trade LawInternational trade law encompasses the rules and regulations that govern the exchange of goods and services across national borders. It covers areas such as import and export regulations, tariffs, customs duties, and trade agreements. Businesses need to be aware of the legal framework governing international trade to ensure compliance and mitigate risks.4. IncotermsIncoterms are internationally recognized terms that define the responsibilities of buyers and sellers in international trade transactions. They provide a set of standard rules for the interpretation of trade terms, such as delivery, transport, insurance, and risk allocation. Understanding the different Incoterms is essential for negotiating and drafting international commercial contracts.5. International Dispute ResolutionDisputes are inevitable in international commercial transactions. Understanding the various methods of international dispute resolution, such as litigation, arbitration, and mediation, is crucial for businesses engaged in cross-border trade. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of dispute resolution mechanism should be carefully considered based on the specific circumstances of the dispute.6. Intellectual Property Rights in International BusinessIntellectual property (IP) rights play a crucial role in international business, as they protect the creations of the mind, such as inventions, trademarks, and copyrights. Understandingthe principles of IP law and the international treaties and conventions that govern IP rights is essential for businesses engaged in cross-border trade, as it helps protect their intangible assets from infringement and unauthorized use.7. Cross-Border Mergers and AcquisitionsInternational mergers and acquisitions involve complex legal issues related to corporate law, antitrust law, and regulatory compliance. Understanding the legal framework governing cross-border M&A transactions, including the due diligence process, merger control regulations, and the negotiation and drafting of acquisition agreements, is essential for companies seeking to expand their global footprint through M&A activities.8. Compliance with International Regulations and StandardsInternational businesses need to comply with a myriad of regulations and standards, including those related to product safety, environmental protection, anti-corruption, and data privacy. Understanding the legal requirements and best practices for compliance in different jurisdictions is essential for maintaining the reputation and sustainability of the business.9. International Commercial ArbitrationArbitration is a widely used method for the resolution of international commercial disputes. Understanding the principles of international arbitration, including the selection of arbitration rules, the appointment of arbitrators, the conduct of arbitral proceedings, and the enforcement of arbitral awards, is essential for businesses engaged in cross-border transactions.10. Legal and Ethical Issues in International BusinessOperating in the global marketplace raises various legal and ethical challenges for businesses, such as bribery and corruption, human rights violations, and supply chain management. Understanding the legal and ethical issues in international business is crucial for companies to navigate the complex landscape of global trade while upholding ethical standards and corporate social responsibility.In conclusion, international commercial law is a vast and complex field that requires a deep understanding of legal principles, regulations, and customs that govern cross-border transactions. Businesses operating in the global marketplace need to be aware of the key knowledge points in international commercial law to ensure compliance, mitigate risks, and seize opportunities in the global economy.。

国际商法双语知识点总结Introduction国际商法是指规范国际贸易和商业活动的法律体系。

国际商法是国际私法的分支，其内容涵盖了国际合同、国际货物买卖、国际运输、国际支付结算、国际投资和国际仲裁等领域。

本文将重点介绍国际商法的相关知识点，并结合双语进行详细解析。

一、国际商法基本原则1. Autonomy of the will(意志自治)Autonomy of the will is the basic principle of international commercial law, which means that the parties to an international business transaction are free to determine the content and form of their transaction. This principle reflects the idea of freedom of contract and is essential for the development of international trade.意志自治是国际商法的基本原则，意思是国际商事交易的各方有权自由确定其交易的内容和形式。

这一原则体现了合同自由的理念，对国际贸易的发展至关重要。

2. Good faith(诚实信用)Good faith is another fundamental principle of international commercial law, which requires the parties to act honestly and fairly in their business dealings. This principle helps to ensure the smooth operation of international trade and promotes trust and cooperation among business partners.诚实信用是国际商法的另一个基本原则，要求各方在商业交易中诚实和公平地行事。