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总则....................................................................................................................3 软件特征...........................................................................................................3 硬件要求...........................................................................................................3 安装过程.........................................................................................................4-5 连接设置.........................................................................................................6-8 软件使用...........................................................................................................9 信号光谱...........................................................................................................9 功能设置..........................................................................................................10 模拟输出(analog outputs)........................................................................11 通道现场端设置(telescope setting).......................................................12 输入/输出设置(i/o setting)........................................................................13 环境设置(environment).............................................................................13 历史数据（historic data)...........................................................................14 查阅数据 （reviewing data).....................................................................15-16 图标信息显示(displayed information)..................................................17 曲线图标(graphing icons).........................................................................17 数据信息(data messages).........................................................................17 分析仪前置面板显示(front panel analyzer display)..........................18 主屏(main screen)........................................................................................18 气体信息屏(species information screen).............................................19 通道信息屏(telescope information screen)........................................19 光谱信息屏(spectrum information screen).........................................20 软件信息屏(software information screen)...........................................20 设置屏(setup screen)...................................................................................21

大连化学物理研究所项目管理系统用户使用手册2015年 1月目录1 前言 (3)1.1编写目的 (3)1.2背景 (3)2.软件概括 (3)2.1目标 (3)2.2功能概括 (3)3.运转环境 (3)3.1硬件 (3)3.2支持软件客户程序软件 (3)4.使用说明 (4)4.1登录系统 (4)4.2系统菜单说明 (5)4.3新建合同 (6)4.4合同登记 (8)4.5经费上账 /预开发票 (9)1前言1.1 编写目的本文档是中科院大连化学物理研究所项目管理系统（以下简称为“项目管理系统” ）针对用户所编写的使用说明手册，在本文档中经过对项目管理系统中的研究组用户进行了详尽而详细的操作描绘，经过该文档读者能够认识该系统的全部功能以及用户的详细权限。

1.2 背景项目的拜托单位：大连化学物理研究所科技处2.软件概括2.1 目标使用户能够轻松掌握本软件的使用。

2.2 功能概括研究组用户：系统登录录入合同、编写合同、提交合同，合同履行过程中提交附件等输出合同 / 协议审批单，提出预开发票申请、开发票申请、上账申请合同查问，输出报表3.运转环境3.1 硬件服务器支持PHP、 MySQL 服务，支持web 服务3.2 支持软件客户程序软件支持 IE8 到 IE10 版本、以及使用IE 内核或许 IE 兼容模式的其余阅读器；IE11 阅读器需要将本系统加入到兼容性列表中；谷歌、火狐等阅读器有可能不可以正常使用本系统的一些功能4.使用说明4.1 登录系统翻开阅读器，输入系统地点，进入系统登录界面：研究组用户，直接输入用户名密码点击登录系统。

登录成功将会弹出成功信息：假如出现登录错误的情况，系统会给犯错误的原由提示：假如密码忘掉，请联系系统管理员进行密码重置操作。

系统登录成功后，进入的页面为目前用户所能看到的合同列表。

4.2 系统菜单说明研究组用户和课题管理用户登录以后，系统菜单：如需改正密码等个人信息，进入“个人信息”进行改正。

第三部分采访子系统 (35)3.1 征订目录管理 (35)3.2 订购管理 (37)3.2.1 征订订购处理 (37)3.2.2 普通订购处理 (40)3.2.3 输出列表式订购单 (42)3.2.4 输出定位式订购单 (42)3.2.5 输出订购分配单 (42)3.2.6 输出退订清单 (42)3.2.7 输出订购催询单(列表式) (42)3.2.8 输出订购催询单(混合式) (43)3.2.9 简单格式订购处理 (43)3.3 验收管理 (44)3.3.1 订购验收处理 (44)3.3.2到书验收处理 (46)3.3.3个别登记帐 (46)3.3.4总括登记帐 (47)3.3.5 输出验收单（列表式） (47)3.3.6 输出验收单（定位式） (47)3.3.7 输出验收分配单 (47)3.4 财经管理 (47)3.5 采访统计 (49)3.5.1 订购分类统计 (49)3.5.2 订购分配统计 (49)3.5.3 订购未到分类统计 (49)3.5.4 验收分类统计 (50)3.5.5 验收分配统计 (50)3.5.6 退订分类统计 (50)3.5.7 采访财经库分类统计 (50)3.5.8 日志统计 (51)3.6 数据接口 (51)3.6.1输出订购数据 (51)3.6.2输出验收数据 (53)3.6.3输出MARC数据 (53)3.7 系统维护 (53)3.7.1 采编书目记录维护 (53)3.7.2 中央书目记录维护 (54)3.7.3 外部书目记录维护 (54)3.7.4 报订库维护 (54)3.7.5 采访业务库维护 (55)3.7.6 采编馆藏库维护 (56)3.7.7 拼音库维护 (56)3.7.8 机构库维护 (58)3.7.9 日志查询 (58)第三部分采访子系统采访子系统是针对图书馆的采访业务设立的专用管理模块。

系统将采访部门的各项具体业务工作采用模块化设计方法，从而实现了对各种文献载体（包括普通图书、视听资料等）进入流通管理前的订购、验收、财经管理、统计及各种产品的输出等工作。

button . Close the map window by opening the Filebuttonbutton .buttonbuttonbuttonbuttonbuttonscroll boxes in the horizontal or the vertical scroll bar.button on the toolbar of the map window, command from theFigure 6.1:Principle of contrast enhancement.Figure 6.1 shows the principle of contrast enhancement. Assume an output device capable of displaying 256 gray levels. The histogram shows digital values in the limit-ed range of 58 to 158. If these image values were directly displayed, only a small por-tion of the full possible range of display levels would be used. Display levels 0 to 57 and 159 to 255 are not utilized. Using a linear stretch, the range of image values (58 to 158) would be expanded to the full range of display levels (0 to 255). In the case of linear stretch, the bulk of the data (between 108 and 158) are confined to half the output display levels. In a histogram equalization stretch, the image value range of 108 to 158 is now stretched over a large portion of the display levels (39 to 255). A smaller portion (0 to 38) is reserved for the less numerous image values of 58 to 108.Figure 6.3:Convolution, using a 3x3 filter with all coefficients equal to 1/9.button in the toolbar of the openedas ColorCompmenu in the map window and selectbutton in the toolbar. Thewill be explained in section 10.5.In this exercise we will create a north-oriented georeference corners to which all the maps will be resampled in a later stage.Figure 6.7:The principle of Georeference Corners. The coordinates are defined by the coordi-nates of the corners and the pixel size.•Open the File menu in the Main window and select The Create GeoReference dialog box is opened.•Enter Flevo for the GeoReference Name . Note that the option Corners is selected.•T ype: GeoReference Corners for the Flevo Description .•Click the Create button next to the Coordinate system Create Coordinate System dialog box is opened.Figure 6.8:Geo-referencing using reference points or tiepoints.For a number of points that can be clearly identified, both in the image as on a topo-graphic map, the coordinates are determined. Reference points have to be carefullyFigure 6.9:The topographic map of the Flevo Polder (The Netherlands). Note that the coordinates are in kilometers.Figure 6.10:Georeference Tiepoints editor.•Zoom in on the map to a point where horizontal and vertical gridlines inter-sect (for example P1: x=191000and y=514000).•Locate the mouse pointer exactly at the intersection and click. The Point dialog box appears. The row and column number of the selected pixelare already filled out. Now enter the correct X, Y coordinates for this pixel(x=191000and y=514000). Then click OK in the Add Tie Pointbox. The first reference point (tiepoint) will appear in the tiepoints table.•button inFigure 6.11: Image-to-image registration.The registration operation does not imply correcting any geometric errors inherent in the images, since geometric errors are immaterial in many applications e.g. in change detection. For referencing an image to any geometric system,These points should not be named ground control points or geo-reference points, since no relation is specified between the selected point and a location expressed in any map projection system. However, the master image has to be linked in an earlier process to a reference system. The slave image will inherit this reference system after registration. The definition of the transformation used for the registration and the resampling is further identical to the geo-referencing. The transformation links the row/column geometry of the slave to the row/column geometry of the master.Now that the scanned topographic map Polder is georeferenced, we will use it (as master) to georeference the images Spotb1, Spotb2andsame region.•Open satellite image Spotb3.•In the map window, open the File menu and selectFigure 6.12:The process of geo-coding.There are three different interpolation methods:-Nearest Neighbour. In the nearest neighbor method, the value for a pixel in theFor more detailed information about the different interpolation methods see the ILWIS Help topics “Resample:Functionality”and “Resample:Algorithm”The images used in the previous exercises are the scanned topographic map and the three Spot bands Spotb1, Spotb2and Spotb3. Up to now, they all use a georeference tiepoints. Now we will resample all maps to a north-oriented georefer-ence. First the map Polder will be resampled to the north-oriented georeference cor-ners Flevo ; then you will resample the Spot images to the same georeference cor-ners Flevo .•Display the scanned topographic map Polder and indicate with a drawing how the map should be rotated.•Close the map window.Figure 6.13:Interpolation methods. A: Nearest Neighbour, B: Bilinear interpolation.A BFigure 6.14:Shadow effects.In the individual Landsat-TM bands 3 and 4, the DNs of the silt stone are lower in the shaded than in the sunlit areas. However, the ratio values are nearly identical, irre-spective of illumination conditions. Hence, a ratioed image of the scene effectively compensates for the brightness variation, caused by the differences in topography and emphasizes by the color content of the data (Table 6.10).Figure 6.15:Scatter plots showing a strong positive covariance (A) and zero covariance (B).Mean: 3.0, 3.0 (A) and 3.0, 2.3 (B).The individual bands of a multi-spectral image are often highly correlated, which implies that there is a redundancy in the data and information is being repeated. To evaluate the degree of correlation between the individual bands a correlation matrix can be used. This matrix (a normalized form of the covariance matrix) has values in the range of -1 to 1, representing a strong negative correlation to a strong positive correlation respectively, where values close to zero represent little correlation. Using the correlation coefficients of the matrix, bands can be selected showing the least correlation and therefore the largest amount of image variation/information to be included in a multi-band composite.In this exercise variance/covariance and correlation matrices are calculated for Landsat TM, including all bands.•Double-click the Correlation Matrix operation in the Operation-list Show Correlation Matrix dialog box is opened.•Select Tmbands for the Map List name and click OK.Through this type of image transformation the relationship with raw image data is lost. The basis is the covariance matrix from which the eigenvectors and eigenvalues are mathematically derived. It should be noted that the covariance values computed are strongly depending on the actual data set or subset used.In this exercise, a principal components analysis is done using seven TM images in the data set: Tmb1, Tmb2, Tmb3, Tmb4, Tmb5, Tmb6The Principal Components dialog box is opened. In this dialog box you can select or create a map list.The principal component coefficients and the variance for each band can be viewed in this table. Since the number of principal components equals the number of input bands, seven new images named Tm PC1to Tm PC7•Double-click the Principal Components operation in the •Select Map List Tmbands .•Accept the Number of Output Bands , type Tm box and click Show . The Matrix viewer is opened.Figure 6.17:Result of a Principal Components transformation.。

SMI iViewX软件说明（HED和RED通用）1.软件模块1.1 File菜单1.1.1 New创建新的试验数据文件和兴趣区文件。

1.1.2 Open打开刺激图片，AOI定义文件、校准文件。

1.1.3 Clears Data Buffer菜单清除缓存数据。

1.1.4 Save as把记录的数据另存为数据文件。

1.1.5 Save保存AOI定义、校准参数和试验数据。

1.1.6 Export Data用于导出ASC码数据，点击后显示下图：Trial: 输入试验数据的简短描述。

User: 输入任何用户信息。

1.1.7 Exit退出本程序。

1.2 Edit菜单将记录区内容保存为图片。

1.3 View菜单1.3.1 Toolbar显示/隐藏工具条。

开始/停止校准；漂移校正；接受校准目标；显示/编辑校准点；开始效准；显示注视指针；显示/隐藏Eye Control窗口；显示/隐藏Recording Control窗口；显示/隐藏Online Data窗口；显示/隐藏AOI Configuration窗口；显示帮助；显示在线帮助信息。

1.3.2 Status Bar显示/隐藏状态条。

1.3.3 Eye Controls显示/隐藏Eye Control窗口。

1.3.4 AOI Configuration显示/隐藏AOI Configuration窗口。

1.3.5 Recording Control显示/隐藏Recording Control窗口。

1.3.6 Online Data显示/隐藏Online Data窗口。

1.3.7 System Log显示/隐藏System Log窗口。

1.3.8 Performance Measures显示/隐藏Performance Measures窗口。

1.3.9 Calibration Configuation显示/隐藏Calibration Configuation窗口。

dit Geomorphology.mpa
Copy object.ext objname Del object.ext Md directory Help
Copy Cityblocks.mpa Cocha Del temp.mpr Md temp Help

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ILWIS 3.0 User’s Guide
Scripts and functions

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Open Help, go to the Appendices and browse through the following topics: ILWIS commands and expressions: ILWIS commands, ILWIS expressions, ILWIS expressions (alphabetic), Construction of expressions, ILWIS script language (syntax).
12.1.1 Working from the Command line
Most of the activities that are done via menus can also be done via the Command line of the Main window located at the top of the Main window, just below the toolbars. The Command line can be used for the following activities: - To perform ILWIS commands: To display, edit or create ILWIS objects, and to obtain dialog boxes to start an ILWIS operation. You can also use some special script language for data management: copying and deleting objects, and breaking dependency links of objects; - To perform calculations with maps and attribute tables. The calculations with tables were treated in chapter 5, and the Map Calculation statements were discussed in chapter 8; - To perform ILWIS expressions allowing you to perform complete ILWIS operations directly from the Command line; - To generate script syntaxes, that can be copied to a script.

1.1IntroductionILWIS 3.4 中的SEBS 提供了一套提取生物-物理参数的提取程序。

使用卫星对地观测数据，结合地表气象数据作为输入参数，得到SEBS结果（并且有净辐射Rn，潜热通量LE,显热通量H，干湿限值，蒸发比，瞬时、日实际蒸散发作为补充文件输出。

本文档归纳了SEBS程序中使用MODIS Level_1B data.的使用过程。

所有数据均具有相同的地理参考及坐标系统。

1.2 Installation（安装）2.1MODIS数据预处理需要把Modis原始数据按顺序转换到ILWIS中SEBS需要的地理坐标产品格式。

简而言之，预处理如下：1.MODIS level 1B 数据集的MRT warth处理2.输入GEOTIFF 影像到ILWIS3.获取MODIS 头文件中的信息为预处理做准备4.在ILWIS中校正可见光和热红外波段5.校正太阳与卫星高度角6.可见光的大气校正7.宽波段地表反照率8.地表比辐射率产品9.地表温度以上步骤均会在本文件中说明，在SEBS界面运行。

2.1.1 MODIS level 1B 数据集的MRT warth处理以下为例（中国西藏）MOD021KM.A2007163.0455.005.2008200123333.hdf 文件以及他的地理信息文件MOD03.A2007163.0455.005.2007163133233.hdf.时间为6.12号4:55（163序号，格里尼治时间）MODIS L1B产品和地理信息文件可以从GSFC DAAC 网站下载，MOD03对应Terra, MYD03对应Aqua产品，本次试验需要：•Data file MOD021KM.A2007163.0455.005.2008200123333.hdf: bands 1 and 2 from the EV_250_Aggr1km_RefSB , bands 3 and 7 from the EV_500_Aggr1km_RefSB, channels31 and 32 from the EV_1KM_Emissive.•Geolocation file MOD03.A2007163.0455.005.2007163133233.hdf: bands Height, SensorAzimuth, SensorZenith, SolarAzimuth and SolarZenith.下图是操作方法：（1）首先从MODIS L1B级产品中输出所需通道为Geotiff 格式。

AxioVision 用户指南4.X 版手册序号：B 48-0038 e 10.2003发布日期：10.2003Carl Zeiss Vision敬请用户注意，由于Carl Zeiss Vision产品的不断发展,本文档所含信息和参考文献可能会作一定的技术修改。

所附文档不包含任何Carl Zeiss Vision关于本文档所描述的技术流程或产品特性的保证书。

此外，除非能证明Carl Zeiss Vision已经知道这些错误或者是由于Carl Zeiss Vision的故意忽视造成，否则Carl Zeiss Vision 不对本文档中任何印刷错误或其它不确之处负责。

Carl Zeiss Vision 再次提请用户注意，本手册仅包含相关信息和技术流程的一般描述，并不适用于所有情形下。

如有疑问，建议咨询Carl Zeiss Vision。

本手册受版权保护。

Carl Zeiss Vision保留对本手册的所有权利。

禁止复制、部分复制或把本手册翻译成其它任何语言。

根据产品的技术改进和补充，本手册所含信息将定期更新。

本手册仅反映了印刷当时Carl Zeiss Vision的工艺情况。

© Copyright 2003 by Carl Zeiss Vision GmbH对本手册的重印发、复制和摘录都必须经过Carl Zeiss Vision GmbH的明确允许。

Carl Zeiss Vision GmbHZeppelinstraße 485399 München-Hallbergmoos Germany http://www.zeiss.de czv_support@zeiss.de安全警告在安装或使用软件之前请先仔细阅读所有设备（如显微镜外设、照相机、计算机及附件等）手册中的安全注意事项和说明。

目录1 导言···················································································································1-11.1 概念·········································································································1-1图像获取··································································································1-1显微镜控制······························································································1-1图像处理和注解······················································································1-1图像分析··································································································1-2存档·········································································································1-2配置·········································································································1-21.2 模块·········································································································1-3图像获取模块··························································································1-3图像处理模块··························································································1-4图像分析模块··························································································1-5存档模块··································································································1-6配置模块··································································································1-61.3 AxioVision和Windows···········································································1-61.4 用户手册和在线帮助··············································································1-71.5 复制备份··································································································1-72 AxioVision第四版新特性··················································································2-12.1 图像获取··································································································2-12.2 视图·········································································································2-12.3 显微镜控制······························································································2-22.4 图像处理和注解······················································································2-22.5 图像分析··································································································2-32.6 文档管理··································································································2-32.7 处理/配置·································································································2-4工作区（Workarea）···············································································2-4工作流（Workflow）··············································································2-4调整用户界面/配置·················································································2-42.8 AxioVision模块·······················································································2-53 概览与操作·······································································································3-13.1 概览·········································································································3-13.2 工作区·····································································································3-23.3 工作流程··································································································3-43.4 自定义工具栏和对话··············································································3-53.5 快捷菜单··································································································3-73.6 属性（Properties）窗口··········································································3-84 图像获取···········································································································4-14.1 概述·········································································································4-14.2 初始步骤··································································································4-24.3条件··········································································································4-2标准工作流程··························································································4-3获取图像的快速指南··············································································4-44.4 AxioVision具体注意事项········································································4-8实时图像速度··························································································4-9最佳色彩重现························································································4-10 5 显微镜控制·······································································································5-15.1 概述·········································································································5-15.2 显微镜对话窗口······················································································5-2一般属性页······························································································5-2透射光属性页··························································································5-6反射光属性页·························································································5-11镜台属性页····························································································5-16外部设备属性页····················································································5-175.3 设定编辑器····························································································5-18如何生成硬件设定················································································5-18 6 图像处理···········································································································6-16.1 概述·········································································································6-1处理图像的不同途径··············································································6-1图像格式··································································································6-26.2 注解·········································································································6-36.3 运用图像处理功能··················································································6-4概述·········································································································6-4平滑图像（基本）··················································································6-5阴影校正（基本）··················································································6-8。

维普资讯
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第一部分基本概念 (1)1.1基础业务部分 (1)1.2检索部分 (5)1.3系统管理部分 (6)1.4输入部分 (7)1.5输出部分 (8)1.6统计部分 (11)第一部分基本概念要想灵活使用ILAS Ⅱ2.0必须首先掌握一些图书馆自动化和ILAS Ⅱ2.0涉及的一些基本概念。

以下分基础业务部分、检索部分、系统管理部分、输入部分、输出部分、统计部分进行介绍。

1.1基础业务部分书目数据描述文献内容和形式特征的一组数据，包括题名、责任者、ISBN、出版社、出版年等。

采访数据与订购、验收、退订、停订有关的业务数据，包括时间、数量、价格、分配等。

馆藏数据单册的馆藏信息与流通状况。

包括馆藏地点、与流通有关的类别标识、入藏日期、馆藏状态等。

馆藏数据同时记载有流通信息。

同一种文献的不同复本具备不同的馆藏数据，这是图书馆系统与书店系统不同的关键之处。

记到数据实际上是连续出版物特殊的验收数据，特点是一个卷期作为一个记录单位，包括年卷期、份数、应到日期、实到日期、分配等。

装订数据实际上是连续出版物特殊的馆藏数据，控制装订与装订验收过程。

装订数据的基本单位与入藏的基本单位相同，包括年卷期价格、馆藏地点等。

条码号在自动化系统中，条码号是非常重要的数据项。

条码号分读者条码号、馆藏条码号、商品条码号。

读者条码号即读者证号，是读者的唯一标识。

读者条码号在数据库中只是一个一个的字符串，一般在读者证上表现为条形码形式，采用条形码阅读器识别并转换为字符串。

没有条形码阅读器时可直接用键盘输入相应字符串，也可采用IC卡、磁卡中存储的内容取代条形码。

馆藏条码号是馆藏文献的唯一标识，在系统数据库中也只是一个字符串。

一般在文献上贴上条形码，采用条形码阅读器识别、转换为字符串。

没有条形码阅读器时可直接用键盘输入相应字符串。

商品条码号是用来区分商品用的，不考虑复本情况。

期刊的商品条码号由于包含了ISSN 和卷期信息，可用来通过条形码阅读器进行“快速记到”。

Xcelsius教程版本:1。

0日期：2009年07月18日文档控制本文件的目的仅为提供信息,并不构成任何合同或具法律约束力的文件的基础。

发布的这份文件并不保证内含信息是否正确或者是否将保持正确,也不保证使用其中的信息将确保对相关服务或设备的操作正确无误。

文件内容如有改动，恕不另行通知。

修订历史一、Xcelsius介绍 (5)1.1 Xcelsius工具说明 (5)1。

2 Xcelsius版本介绍 (5)1.3 Xcelsius的向后兼容性 (5)1。

4 Xcelsius系统介绍 (6)1。

5 Xcelsius工作原理的说明 (6)二,Xcelsius的使用 (7)三、Xcelsius开发的一般性步骤 (9)3.1 添加电子表格数据 (9)3.2 选择链接到部件的数据源. (9)3.3 预览和发布可视化文件 (10)四、Xcelsius开发中主要部件功能的介绍 (10)4。

1 统计图部件 (10)4.1。

1 折线图 (11)4。

1。

2 饼图 (12)4.1.3 OHLC 统计图和阴阳烛图 (12)4。

1.4条形图和柱形图 (12)4。

1。

5 堆积柱形图和堆积条形图 (13)4.1。

6 组合图 (13)4。

1.7 气泡图 (14)4。

1。

8 XY 散点图 (14)4.1。

9 面积图 (14)4。

1.10 堆积面积图与面积堆积图 (15)4。

1。

11雷达图和填充式雷达图 (15)4。

1。

12树图 (16)4。

2 容器部件 (16)4。

2。

1面板容器 (16)4.2.2选项卡集 (17)4.3 选择器部件 (17)4。

3。

1 折叠式菜单 (18)4。

3。

2 复选框 (18)4。

3。

3 组合框 (18)4。

3。

4过滤器 (18)4。

3。

5 鱼眼图片菜单 (19)4.3。

6 滑动图片菜单 (19)4.3。

7 图标 (19)4。

3.8 标签式菜单 (19)4.3。

9 列表框 (20)4。

3。

10 列表视图 (20)4。

Workdocument CZMC 2000.01Report of the InternationalWorkshop:“From river to coast”Chennai - India, December 1 and 2 , 1999Robbert Misdorp, CZMCKees Wulffraat, CZMCJeroen Aerts, RAReport of the International Workshop: “From river to coast”Chennai - India, December 1 and 2 , 1999Hosted by Anna University, Chennai (India)Co-organised by Coastal Management Centre (CZMC/RIKZ) andResource Analysis (The Netherlands)The Hague - The NetherlandsJanuary 2000ContentsThe participants of the Workshop (4)1. GOAL AND OBJECTIVES OF THE WORKSHOP 52. BACKGROUND 53. RESULTS AND NEXT STEPS 64. SUMMARIES OF PRESENTATIONS 8 DECEMBER 2ND 10 ANNEX 1.12 ANNEX 2. W ORK S HOP P ROGRAMME "FROM RIVER TO COAST"15 A FTERNOON "T HEMATIC P RESENTATION ON R IVER & C OASTAL I NTERACTIONS"15 ANNEX 3. L IST OF P ARTICIPANTS16Particiants of the Workshop1. Goal and objectives of the WorkshopThis report contains the results of the international workshop “From river to coast” organized in Chennai India. The workshop was a follow up of work shops organized in November 1996 in each of the countries of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basin (GBM). Since that time, the established network of scientists and policy evolved leading to the Chennai work shop were representatives of the GBM countries jointly discussed water resource issues of the GBM basin and delta.This document describes the goal and objectives of the international Workshop and provides briefly some background and history. Finally, the results and forseen activities are described.The general goal of the international Workshop “From river to coast” was to join scientists and policymakers of the four river basin countries Nepal, Bhutan, India and Bangladesh around the central theme: “The relation between river basin and coastal management issues, with special reference to the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) river basin and its delta”.The specific objectives of this Workshop were:1. to exchange knowledge and experiences on river and coastal interactive processes in the frame of riverbasin and coastal management in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal and the Netherlands;2. to demonstrate the STREAM-GBM-Delta instrument and its integrating and interactive river-coastabilities;3. to explore commitments for further development of the STREAM-GBM-Delta instrument by scientistsand policymakers of the four river basin countries involved;4. to explore the need for electronic-communication platforms such as the help - desk functionality of theCZM-C Website-NetCoast being in the same time a window for the Netherlands “coastal market”;5. to strengthen institutional frameworks for the integrated management of rivers and seas in south Asia. This Workshop was prepared by the international Coastal Zone Management (CZM) - Centre (the Netherlands Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management) in close co-operation with RA (Resource Analysis, Delft, The Netherlands) and hosted by the Anna University in Chennai, under the auspices of the Department of Ocean Development (DOD) of the Government of India.2. BackgroundThe first steps on the road of implementing the central theme and objectives above mentioned, were set three years ago (November 1996), during a CZM-Centre/RA mission to the four capitals (Dhaka, Kathmandu, New Delhi, Thimpu) of the GBM basin countries:The Netherlands Embasssies in New Delhi (First Secretary: Mr. van der Laan) and Dhaka (Secretary: Dr.Mostert and Mr. Zaheeruddin) were informed about the potencies of the STREAM water balance model as a supportive tool for policymakers in this region. This water balance model, an innovative andintegrated GIS instrument, was originally a scientific designed computer model. Positive reactions were received from the Embassies on the direction of further development of this instrument, stressing the relation between river - coast, short and long term land-use changes, and the importance of evaluating the order of magnitudes of the impacts of climate changes for the region.Participatory workshops were held in the four capitals of the region in order to demonstrate thecapabilities of this GIS-applied water-balance instrument. The main conclusion of these four workshops was, that the development of an assessment instrument on a Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna - river basin scale and demonstrating the influences of short term changes (e.g. land-use ) as well as long termclimate changes in the river basin and low lying coastal areas, will be beneficial for all river basincountries. The further development of such an instrument was appreciated by both the scientific andpolicymaking communities of the four nations. A future wish is to involve into the process of co-operation the southern part of Tibet which forms a substantial part of the Brahmaputra river basin.During the last three years, the CZM-Centre has guided and commissioned to Resource Analysis the development of the STREAM-GBM-Delta into an user friendly PC – Windows instrument. The acronym STREAM - GBM -Delta stands for: “Spatial Tool for River- and Environmental Analysis of Management options - Ganges/Brahmaputra/Meghna basin - including its Delta”.The instrument uses public data available on the Internet of the entire Ganges Brahmaputra and Meghna basin (1.8 million km2) and is continuously in development. It provides a first order assessment of future conditions regarding fresh water for people, nature (wetland development of the Sundarabans) and food in this strongly developing region. Preliminary assessments of the impacts of long term climate changes and socio-economic development in the river basin on the coastal areas, are being taken into consideration.The development of STREAM is promoting spatial and temporal integration of knowledge on the dynamics of rivers and coasts in relation to the natural and socio-economic processes. Furthermore, transfer of such information technology acquired in the Netherlands is supportive to the management of river basin and coastal zone in the Indian sub-continent. Dissemination of integrated knowledge could accelerate the implementation of the concept of sustainable development of natural resources in regard to long-term perspectives on Climate Change and Biodiversity (UNFCCC - UNCBD, UNCSD, 1992). The Netherlands has showed commitments during the last ten years, in developing and assisting the implementation of adaptive concepts and tools as responses to future global changes in the frame of these two international Conventions.3. Results and next stepsThe international Workshop: “From river to coast” was characterised by the very friendly hosting Indian organisations DOD and Anna University of Madras and by the on ease feeling participants of Bangladesh, Nepal and the Netherlands. This international gathering on water issues was all performed in the very much appreciated presence of the Adj.Secretary of the Ministry of Water Resources of the Government of India. The delegates of Bhutan were unfortunately not able to join the Workshop but were in mind with us and assured their interest in the issues and results of the Workshop.Some persons not be able to join the Workshop wondered: Why should a Workshop on the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna be organised in a the coastal city of Madras away from the these big rivers and its deltaic environment. The answer is: The hosting scientific and policymaking communities of India found it opportune to use the knowledge and expertise on integrated management available in India to be made use of where available: namely in Madras/Chennai, and this was very much acceptable to all participants. One of the internationally reknowed experts on Integrated Coastal Zone Management is Prof. Dr. Ramanchandran, Director of Indian Institute of Ocean Management (Anna University/Chennai) and he was our host.The first day of the Workshop was dedicated to exchange knowledge and experiences on river and coastal processes in the frame of river basin and coastal management in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and the Netherlands. The valuable contributions of all the Workshop participants (to be edited slightly by Prof. Ramanchandran) will be published as an CZM-Centre Report, during February 2000 and distributed among the participants and beyond.The hands-on demonstration of STREAM-GBM-Delta during the second day was well received by the participants. Many participants showed enthusiasm to apply this instrument. This straightforward instrument provides first order answers to policy questions, without complex and costly modelling efforts. It fills a gap besides more detailed water quality models.A good basis for international co-operation in the future was being observed and it was commonly agreed that the STREAM-GBM-Delta will be a suitable platform, which can be used for the assessment of regional studies on coastal and river basin management interactions.The following actions were agreed:1. Country co-ordinators.It has been decided to appoint two country co-ordinators which will co-ordinate all activities related to the further development of STREAM. One co-ordinator will be monitoring activities in the policy field and one in the scientific area.2.STREAMIt was commonly agreed that the STREAM is an instrument which can be used for the assessment of regional studies on coastal and river basin management interactions. Six representatives of the scientific and policy-making communities of the India, Bangladesh and Nepal were nominated and they will be responsible for the national co-ordination and monitoring the activities in the policy-field and the progress of the further scientific development of STREAM-GBM-Delta:Scientists Representative Policy makersIndia Prof. Dr. Ramachandran Dr. VasudevaBangladesh Dr. Hassan Eng. Masroor-ul Haq SiddiqiNepal Dr. Shiva Kumar Sharma Dr. DahalFurthermore:1.The summary report of the Workshop, being a part of the reporting of the Netherlands Mission to India,will be sent to the participant by the CZM-Centre, at the end of January 2000.2.The full report of the Workshop containing the power-point and overhead sheets of the Workshoppresentations will slightly be edited by Prof. Ramachandran and sent by CZM-Centre, during the month of February 2000.3.The website of the CZM-Centre: “NetCoast” will be made suitable for the creation of an electronic-working-group for communication and data transmission during the second part of the month of February, beginning March; communication will start in this electronic way with the six above mentionedrepresentatives of the Workshop. These channels of communication can be extended afterwards (Figure1).4.The next demonstration version of STREAM-GBM-Delta including a socio-economic module will bedistributed among the participants of the Workshop, by means of the GBM-electronic-working-group NetCoast including a help-desk, at the beginning of March 2000,5.During the World Water Forum (WWF) Conference, third week of March 2000, in the Hague (TheNetherlands) the latest version of the STREAM-GBM-Delta model will be demonstrated as well asSTREAM-Rhine and Zambesi, hopefully some of the participants will be meeting during the WWF.6.It is planned that the Netherlands Deputy Minister of Transport, Public Works and Water Management willoffer to the Ministers of India, Bangladesh and the other countries of the GBM- basin, the complete, full version of STREAM-GBM-Delta model during the WWF.7.This ceremony will be followed by data transmission of the full STREAM-GBM-Delta model through theestablished NetCoast- GBM-electronic-working-group of CZM-Centre website, or by CD-ROM.8.Each river basin country will explore the potentials of the STREAM-GBM-Delta instrument, using thetransparent, script-file programming of the formulation of water balance factors, guided by the RA/CZM-Centre.9.Support on information technology and co-ordination through the CZM-Centre will be provided by RA.10.The next STREAM-GBM-Delta Workshop will facilitated by the CZM-Centre in the autumn 2000, tomonitor the progress of the developments.11.The institutional framework necessary to execute the above mentioned activities will be structured assimply as feasible. An international high level steering committee will monitor the progress of the GBM. The above mentioned results of the international Workshop: “From river to coast” are summarised in the memorandum: “ Results and Recommendations of the Chennai Workshop “ and is attached to this report as Annex I. This memorandum, addressed to the Chairman of the GWP-SASTAC, was handed to the Bangladesh participant Mr. Siddiqi at the end of the second day of Workshop (2/12/1999) to ensure the proper handling of this document. Further more this document was e-mailed the same night to Mr. Anne van Urk, one of the participants of the Regional South Asian World Water Forum meeting in Dhaka on December 4+5, 1999.‘GBM workgroup’Figure. 1. Schematic presentation of the GBM working group using the Internet facility NetCoast of the Coastal Zone Management Centre in The Netherlands4. Summaries of presentationsA large number of the participants had prepared presentations on river and coastal zone management issues in the countries involved. The presentations were in general well prepared and provided a valuable overview on the main fields of problems and management experiences. Vivid discussions took place among the participants, policymakers and scientists alike. The results of preparative regional WWF activities to formulate regional visions and action plans were very well noticed during the discussions. The participants were eager to exchange visions, knowledge and experiences.December 1st, 19999.30 h Prof. Dr. Ramachandran: Welcome and OpeningProfessor Ramachandran presented the main Workshop issues related to river basin management: increased human pressure, pollutants and salinity. He provided an overview on coastal zone research activities at the Anna University. His main conclusions were: integrated river management upstream activities should be taken into account and for proper integrated coastal zone management, river management is indispensable.10.00 h Dr. Subramanian: OpeningFresh water in India is very important for people and food production. Many inhabitants of India live in the coastal zone and use the coastal zone in a varied way: fisheries, agriculture, transport, commerce and urban settlements. Coastal zones are changing. Erosion and flooding, dam building, salt water intrusion, over-fishing, land - and ocean based pollution, river - and lagoonal navigation are affecting the functional uses of the coastal zone. Integration of efforts are envisaged to demonstrate sustainable solutions. Complex problems require integration of scientific resource applications and management capabilities.Coastal zone research at the Department of Ocean Development (DOD) is addressing many coastal and marine problems along the coast of India. Capacity building on integrated management is taking place in three coastal States of India, through financial support of the World Bank.10.30 h Dr. R. MisdorpDr. Misdorp thanks Professor Ramachandran for hosting this international Workshop and all the representatives of the science and policymaking communities for their participation. A special welcome was for Mr. R.S. Prasad, Addl. Secretary to the Government of India (Ministry of Water Resources), taking a keen interest in the subject of this Workshop.The presentation was dealing with Global change factors, framework and elements of integrated management, the STREAM-GBM-Delta process and the aims of the workshop (exchange experiences of management practices and identify a frame of co-operation using STREAM-GBM-Delta as a vehicle).11.15 h Drs. K. WulffraatMr. Wulfraat gives a presentation on water management practices in the Netherlands. Water management in the Netherlands actually started already some 2000 years ago. Technological innovations and economic development of the country form the basis for sound water management. More than half of the Netherlands is lying below sea level and most of the high value investments are located in this vulnerable and subsiding area. Most of the rivers in the Netherlands are canalised and protected by dikes. Recently water management of the river floodplains shifts towards protection trough de-poldering and providing more lateral space to the rivers, without making the dikes ever and ever higher. This change in policy towards increasing of resiliences as an accommodating response to future global changes is based on changes in future land use in the Netherlands, a part of the European Common market.12.15 h Mr. SivadasMr. Sivadas gives an overview on extend and consequences of coastal erosion along the entire coast of India. Although sea walls are often applied as coastal protection in India, other measures such as: do nothing, retreat, beach nourishments will be more and more subject for application in India. Further exchange of mutually experiences and transfer of technology with the Netherlands will be appreciated.15.00u Thematic presentations:Mr. Sharma - Nepal’s potentials for exchangingNepal has a high potential for water storage and hydro-electricity. The roughness of the terrain often hampers the exploitation of these Mimalyan functional uses. Intensification of co-operation between up-hill countries like Nepal and Bhutan with the lower lying countries India and Bangladesh could well be very profitable for all parties. An example of co-operation would be building of dams for storage of water during the monsoon and bringing relief to Bangladesh and India in period of the yearly water shortages. This could very well be done in the form of an exchange since Nepal needs energy, transport and the use of sea harbour facilities.Dr. J.S. Mani - Research and management , coastal Chennai regionMr. Mani gives a comprehensive introduction on technical backgrounds of wave formation and some impacts of measures (for example building of a harbour) on coastal erosion. Furthermore results of mathematical modelling of the main coastal hydraulic factors (tidal currents, monsoon and waves) north of Chennai influencing the distribution land-based pollution (fly-ash outlet of the southern Electricity Plant) were discussed. Integrated coastal zone and area management both should be based on close collaboration between scientists and policymakers taking into account the knowledge and opinions of local stakeholders.Eng. A. Hassan- Coherence between river and coastal resource issues - BangladeshWater resource (fresh and salt) systems in Bangladesh are productive systems. Water resource management is dealing with short and long term issues. Current issues deal with flood and drainage, drought, groundwater availability, land erosion, fertilisation of the flood plain, water borne diseases (arsenic), water quality and fish habitat. In the beginning of the 1990’s impact assessments of the influence of climate change on the water resources system in Bangladesh reveal high level of vulnerability to increased flooding by rivers and sea as well as to droughts. Presently first order of magnitude of the changes in salt water intrusion was estimated for Bangladesh with the help of the STREAM-GBM-Delta tool.Dr. Chowdhury - Monitoring and evaluation of water quality - Rhode Island, USAIn the river basin of the Blackstone river in the USA a environmental study dealing with river and cooling water discharge, reservoir sedimentation, disposal of dredge material and nutrient content during wet water and dry wetter was performed in relation to loading capacity of an estuary.Prof. M. Karmegan - Water resource issues and projects - Anna UniversityProf. Karmegan gives an overview of the history of the Anna University. He also introduces some of the current and finalised projects of the Center of Water Resources of the Anna University.Dr. J. Aerts - Introduction to the STREAM-GBM-Delta water balanceMr. Aerts introduces the STREAM-GBM-DELTA water balance as a policy analysis tool, applying GIS technology. An overview of the input and output parameters and the formulation of the relation between these parameters is provided.17.00u DiscussionSome questions arise if the stream model can also be applied on a daily basis instead of the monthly time steps and how detailed is the model ? It is mentioned by J. Aerts and A. Hassan that the model can be used for different resolutions and time steps as well as long as the input data are available at this scale. However, and more importantly it should be realised that the STREAM model is meant for as a tool for policy makers. It is not meant to evaluate into a very detailed model, the model should stay simple and transparent. A daily time step would not enhance the quality of the model.With respect to the further development of the stream model, Mr. Misdorp and Aerts stress the importance of the future contributions by the participants. The participants are requested to consider their contribution to the further development in the fields of scenarios and measures that should be included in the STREAM model. Possible contributions of the participants could be in the fields of :•Establish a regional framework for co-operation in the GBM and which could provide a frame for further development of STREAM-GBM-Delta instrument•Develop the STREAM-GBM-Delta model further by:•introduction of the shelf water quality models using the data sets on pollutants•further work on coastal erosion & river sediment dynamics•elaborate snow melt predictions•improve land use / soil mapping using e.g. the Indian IRS satellite18.00 Dr. MisdorpR. Misdorp closes the first part of the workshop, thanking the participants for their contributions.A summary report of the workshop will be made. A second report of the Workshop will be prepared with the Overhead/Power Point sheets of the presentations, (slightly edited by Dr. Ramachandran) and will be sent to all participants.December 2nd10.15 Prof. N.V. PundurikanthanGives an introduction on several case studies carried out by the Water Resource Management Projects. Mr. Pundurikanthan points at the tension between plans made by an engineer and possibilities seen by the farmers living in an area.10.45 Mr. J. Aerts and Anne van UrkMr. Aerts presents the backgrounds of the stream instrument and explains how the model functions. After this introduction, a hands-on, interactive session by means of three computers gave the participants the opportunity to familiarise themselves with the STREAM-GBM-Delta water balance model.2.00 pm Prof. Ramachadran and Robbert MisdorpA Workshop memorandum: “Results and Recommendations of the international Workshop ”From river to coast” was drafted and discussed by the participants. The final version was handed to Mr. Siddiqi in order to convene this document to the Chairman of STA….. , as well a copy was sent by e-mail to Mr. Anne van Urk , Dhaka., for further distribution during the Dhaka regional WWF meeting on December 3, 4 and 5, 1999.4.00 pm Closing remarks by Prof. Ramachandran and Robbert MisdorpThe participants were thanked for their contributions.It is stressed that it is expected that participants will give their inputs from own resources. In turn, the STREAM model will be installed at the institutes which will participate in the joint further development of STREAM.A summary workshop report will be made and as well as a report with the full presentations of the participants. RIKZ will continuously monitor the progress and search for a support of the organisation of yearly meetings. Some of the participants will be meeting during the WWF conference in The Hague, The Netherlands, March 2000, during which occasion the full STREAM-GBM-Delta model will be handed to representatives of the GMB basin countries. A NetCoast help desk will assist with installations and problems arising during further development. Progress of the development will be discussed during the next Workshop in the autumn 2000.ANNEX 1.Memorandum:“Results and Recommendations of the Chennai December 1999 Workshop”To: the Chairman of the Regional South Asian Technical Advisory Committee -Global Water Partnership (GWP-SASTAC)Date: December 2, 1999From: the participants of the international Workshop:”From river to coast - Chennai”The contents of this Memorandum is offered for discussion during the December 4+5, 1999 WWF Meeting in Dhaka and will be delivered to this meeting by Mr. M.H. Siddiqi and Mr. Anne van Urk.BackgroundThe importance of river basin linkages in Integrated Coastal Zone Management has been realised in view of the impacts of upstream activities on the coastal areas. The major impacts include pollution, siltation of reservoirs, lakes and river mouths and eutrophication. Furthermore the impact of climate change has assumed greater importance. The GBM-countries look for appropriate tools to predict the impact of upstream activities, especially, the movement of water and its characteristics on physical and chemical effects on the coast and the adjoining sea. An effort has been made by the Coastal Zone Management -Centre, The Netherlands, in association with RA Consultants to develop a tool STREAM, a GIS based software to address such predictions in the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna (GBM) basin. The international Chennai meeting of December 1 and 2 , 1999 entitled: “From river to coast” was organised by CZM-C/RA/IfOM in order to deliberate on the perspectives of future water availability and use in the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) river basins effecting the sustainable developments of the natural resources in the coastal zone.Purpose of the workshop:•to review the status of research and policy formulation on the use of water and its effects in the lower part of the GBM basin;•to familiarise the GIS software, namely, STREAM among Bangladesh, India and Nepal and its application in the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Magna river basin areas;•to obtain feedback from these countries on the utility and further development of the software for national and regional purposes.P articipantsT he Secretaries of the Ministries of Water Resources of India and Bangladesh sent their high level representatives to this meeting. Governmental officials of Nepal and the Netherlands, as well as representatives of the Regional South Asian GWP, academic communities and consultants have participated (Annex 1). The representation of Bhutan was in mind with us.O verviews about the status of research and policy formulation on the use of water and its effects in the lower part of the basin and associated coastal issues were provided, visions were explored and actions were identified, during the first part of the meeting. The participants discussed watermanagement issues supporting the country visions towards the WWF March 2000 conference. The Bangladesh participant presented the 2025 scenario indicating that the country may face serious water shortage and deterioration of water quality. The Indian participants presented experiences of river basin and coastal management and proposed integration of these. The Nepalese participant underlined the large potential of water resources in his country providing hydropower, irrigation, shipping and peak load shaving. All participants benefited from the exchange of experiences and stressed the need to develop suitable tools for policy making and water management decisions.C oastal issues such as erosion, flooding and salt water intrusion in relation to river basin management were discussed. Case studies on these issues were presented by the experts.I nteractive presentations and hands-on demonstrations of the water balance: STREAM-GBM-Delta acronym for S patial T ools for R iver basins and E nvironment and A nalysis of M anagement options were performed during the second part of the meeting. The input parameters of this GIS-PC water balance are: land use, soil type, digital elevation, rainfall, temperature (monthly, grid: 7*7km2) and it provides the output parameters: river discharge, soil aridity (monthly, grid:7*7km2), salt water intrusion in the delta. Furthermore for the first time, a basin wide assessment of the impacts of climate change including sea level rise on river discharge, soil aridity, and salinity intrusion is made, while the effects of policy options like dam building and dredging in the Delta on the salinity is provided. Additional important output parameters for the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna region are the changes in snow cover and groundwater. STREAM-GBM-Delta is a script file programmed GIS-PC water balance. Presentations of the first version were held in New Delhi, Kathmandu, Dhaka and Thimpu three years ago and resulted in positive signals to continue its development. New, socio-economic (2025 - 2050) and ecological modules are presently being developed for the GBM region addressing the issues: water for people, food and nature in the region and subject for improvement by the co-operating partners.T he participants of the meeting “From River to Coast” presenting:A vision - in terms of the WWF - STREAM-GBM-Delta is not a dream but a quantifying basis for a continuing discussion between riparian partners on water availability and usage and its coastal effects. The water balance is a good vehicle to explore the challenges mentioned in the South Asian - Water Vision 2025.T he participants furthermore decided that:• a number of scientific institutions of India, Bangladesh and Nepal will take the responsibility of the further development of STREAM-GBM-Delta.•the mentioned scientific institutions furthermore decided that they would take action to elaborate on the challenges of the South Asian regional vision on water in 2025 by means ofthe water balance STREAM. Measures such as water retention in up stream areas by meansof reservoirs, or damming of river branches in order to regulate river flow or land usemeasures such as afforestation, will be explored with regard to their impact on riverine andcoastal water management;•The scientists could scrutinize the existing development plans and take into account the actions following from the GWP Regional Vision resulting in defining scenarios on futurewater management and coastal management options. These options will be introduced in theSTREAM-GBM-Delta water balance in order to assess their effects. Policy makersexpressed their willingness to co-operate;•continuity and progress of work in future will be reflected through a series of dedicated workshops, the first to be held during the autumn of the year 2000. During these workshopsthe scientific institutions will present the progress they have made with regard to the。

LXW 旋涡流量计通讯软件使用说明
一、安装
运行软件EMISSOFT.EXE将通讯软件安装好。

二、运行软件
运行软件，出现以下界面。

点击左侧“Address”，出现流量计的界面。

1、流量原始信号检测。

点击“Input signal”，进入流量计传感器信号显示区，有流量时，应为正弦波或方波。

2、流量信号分析结果显示
点击“Spectrum”，进入流量信号分析结果显示区，可以看到流量信号的频谱分析结果。

3、流量计参数设置
点击“Factors”，进入流量计参数设置区，可以设置流量计的脉冲输出当量、电流输出参数、流量斜率、小流量切除值等。

P.S 在设置参数时，需要先将流量计接线板处的拨码开关（如图），拨到“ON”的位置，此时流量计处于设置状态，流量计无信号输出。

参数更改完毕后，需要将拨码开关拨回到“OFF”位置。

eliwellewpx171操作手册我们推荐您在拍摄重要的图像之前，拍摄几张测试图像，以确保eliwellewpx171操作正常工作及您能正确地操作本eliwellewpx171操作。

请注意，若因eliwellewpx171操作或附件(包括存储卡)的故障，导致不能拍摄图像或机器无法读取拍摄的图像而造成的任何损失，佳能公司、其子公司和分支机构、以及经销商皆不负赔偿责任。

6倍光学变焦，带有偏移方式的影像稳定器借助于专用ISO感光度转盘设置的高IS0感光度，可以控制拍摄时的eliwellewpx171操作晃动或主体模糊脸部优先自动对焦，可以感应侦测脸部自动调整拍摄设置以适应特定条件拍摄时可以使用另购的EOSeliwellewpx171操作广角附加镜、长焦附加镜或外置闪光灯。

通过类别管理图像、自动播放幻灯片、通过我的色彩向静止图像、添加效果、为静止图像录制声音记录、编辑短片、仅记录声音(录音机)。

使用记录的图像：1.用打印/共享键将记录的图像轻松传输至计算机。

2.用我的eliwellewpx171操作设置随意设置起动图像或起动声音。

本eliwellewpx171操作可使用SD存储卡、SDHC 存储卡和多媒体卡。

本指南中，SD存储卡、SDHC存储卡和多媒体卡统称存储卡。

建议使用佳能原厂附件。

本产品设计为与佳能原厂附件配合使用效果最佳。

佳能公司及其关联公司对使用非佳能原厂附件发生故障(如电池泄漏和/或爆炸)导致的本产品任何损坏和/或任何事故(如失火)概不负责。

请注意由于使用非佳能原厂附件导致本产品的任何损坏均不在本产品保修范围之内，但用户可以付费维修。

eliwellewpx171操作机身温度：长时间使用eliwellewpx171操作时，机身可能会变热。

长时间使用eliwellewpx171操作时，请留意这种现象并多加小心。

关于液晶显示屏：液晶显示屏以非常精密的制造技术生产而成。

99. 99%以上的像素都符合规格。

ylswt使用手册ylswt是一个基于Python的开源工具，用于在Linux系统上管理和配置网络接口卡（NIC）。

以下是ylswt的使用手册，包括安装、配置和使用等方面的说明。

一、安装1.确保您的系统已安装Python和pip。

您可以通过在终端中输入以下命令来检查它们是否已安装：python --versionpip --version2.使用以下命令安装ylswt：shellpip install ylswt二、配置1.启动ylswt，并使用以下命令查看可用的网络接口卡：ylswt list2.选择要配置的网络接口卡。

例如，如果您要配置eth0接口，请使用以下命令：cssylswt eth03.在打开的终端窗口中，您可以进行各种配置操作，例如设置IP地址、子网掩码、网关等。

具体的配置命令和选项取决于您所使用的Linux发行版和网络管理工具。

4.保存您的配置更改。

如果您使用的是NetworkManager，可以使用以下命令重启网络服务：shellsystemctl restart NetworkManager如果您使用的是其他网络管理工具，请查看其文档以了解如何保存配置更改。

三、使用示例以下是一些使用ylswt的示例：1.列出所有网络接口卡：perlylswt list2.配置eth0接口，设置IP地址为192.168.0.100，子网掩码为255.255.255.0，网关为192.168.0.1：cssylswt eth0 set ip=192.168.0.100/24gateway=192.168.0.13.配置eth1接口，启用IPv6：cssylswt eth1 enable ipv64.禁用eth2接口：arduinoylswt eth2 disable这些示例只是ylswt的一些基本用法。

您可以查看ylswt 的文档或使用ylswt --help命令来获取更多关于其用法和选项的信息。

ILWIS上机实习四
ILWIS数字地面高程模型
主讲人：赵安

DEM存储了大量的信息包括海拔高度、地下水深度、 土壤厚度等信息。DEM的制作有几个技术：等高线的 插值、点插值技术等，能够以栅格或者矢量的形式存 储。矢量的是TIN格式，ILWIS中不用到，一般用栅格 格式的DEM。DEM最重要的应用领域：坡度图、坡向 图、斜坡凹凸地图、阴影图、三维立体图、截面高度 图等 。 打开：C:\ILWIS 3.0 Data\Users Guide\Chapter10
1 等高线插值产生DEM
用Cochabamba地区的数字化等高线图插值形 成DEM。 （1）右击Contour选择等高线插值，在对话框 中输入Dem为栅格输出图，地理参考制为 Cochabamba，接受所有，点击Show. （2）打开图,选择Clrstp12为Representation （3）在File菜单中选择属性中的Interpolation 框，点击应用，再次查看等高线的值，关闭图。

坡度过滤器（gradient filters）
（1）打开Filter operation，在对话框中选择 Dem和DFDX过滤器，输出地图名Dx，点击 Show，打开图。打开pixel information框， 增加Dem，查看图中不同地方的信息(图1）。 （2）重复上面的操作，用DFDY过滤器产生Y 方向的Dy，打开图。打开pixel information 框，增加Dem，查看图中不同地方的信息（图 2）。


2 过滤（Filters）在DEM上的应用
（1）产生山的阴影图双击Operation-list中的 Filter操作，在对话框选择栅格图Dem和过滤 器SHADOW。地图输出名为Hillshading。点 击Show。 （2）在Display Options - Raster Map对话 框中选择颜色灰色。点中点击创建 Representation按钮，在对话框中输入名 Compass。点击OK，Representation的编辑器打 开，在里面Black0,360 in white. (4)打开编辑菜单，选择插入限制命令，输入360 Gray，270White ，180 Gray。90Black，0 Gray。 选择Stretch Steps.命令，键入25，点击OK. (5)关闭Representation编辑框，点击OK。 （6）加载图Drainage，线用单一颜色显示。检查 坡度方向后关闭窗口。

clustal软件的实用
1、进入相关页面， 2、输入格式序列，开始对比 3、整理数据与结果，
输入网址/Tools/msa/clustalw2/， 转到如下我们的操作页面
选择DAN，
选择DNA
在此处输入可支持格式的序式，在ncbi里搜索基因序列时点击FASTA就会出现 FASTA格式，
1，我们使用的FASTA格式序列， 2，对比之后出现的结果 3，最后的那个结果分数，
复制此处即可
点击页面最后submit提交,比对开始
系统说明，正在进行对比，请稍等！
结果页面，保存一份，
点击Result Summary，进入下一个页面
点击这里
点击之后，网站没有刷新，请等待，别乱点 。
翻 到 最 后 ， 请 看 下 一 张
对比结果，相似度，保存此结果
基因对比之间的相似度
整理结果，是为作业3，本方式仅供参考。