100-Year-Old Japanese Woman Sets Swimming Record

100-Year-Old Japanese Woman Sets Swimming Record04/21/2015As we age, we often take longer to recover from injuries. That is, for some people.After a Japanese woman suffered a knee injury, she became a competitive swimmer - at age 88.Nearing the age of 101 has not slowed down one Japanese woman. In fact, in the swimming pool -- she is only getting faster.Recently, a 100-year-old Japanese woman became the world's first centenarian to complete a 1,500-meter freestyle swimming competition in a 25-meter pool.Her name is Mieko Nagaoka. Ms. Nagaoka set a world record for her age group at a recent Japan Masters Swimming Association event in the western city of Matsuyama. She swam the race in one hour, 15 minutes and 54 seconds.By comparison, the overall female world record holder completed the same distance in just under 15 and a half minutes. But that swimmer, Katie Ledecky, is only 17 years old.And Ms. Nagaoka was not competing against her. In fact, Ms. Nagaoka was the only competitor in the 100-104 year old category. Her race was not a race of speed but of endurance, or not giving up.Many times a championBreaking swimming records is nothing new to Ms. Nagaoka. So far she has broken 25 records. But she began competing when she was much younger - at 88.Ms. Nagaoka suffered a knee injury in her 80s, so she began swimming to help her body recover. Since her first international swimming competition, she hasn't looked back, except maybe to see if her competition is catching up.In 2002, at a masters swim meet in New Zealand, Ms. Nagaoka took the bronze medal in the 50-meter backstroke. In 2004, she won three silver medals at an Italian swim meet.Masters swimming is a special class of competitive swimming to promote health and friendship among participants. Swimmers compete within age groups of five years.Ms. Nagaoka says she is a serious swimmer and a serious competitor. An article from the Reuters news service quotes her profile on the international swimming website FINA, saying Ms. Nagaoka trains four times a week for two hours at a time.Does Japan have a secret?Japan has a large number of people who live beyond 100 years old.Until she passed away this month, the oldest person in the world was also from Japan. Misao Okawa was born in 1898. She said her secrets for longevity, or long life, were good genes, regular sleep, sushi and exercise.I'm Anna Matteo._____________________________________________________________Words in This Storycentenarian - n. a person who is 100 years old or olderendurance - n. the ability to do something difficult for a long timefreestyle - adj. a competition (such as a swimming race) in which the competitors are allowed to use different styles or methodscategory - n. a group of people or things that are similar in some waybackstroke - n. a way of swimming in which a person floats in the water facing upward while kicking the legs and rotating the arms; also : a race in which the swimmers do the backstroke。

语法专题五、名词（必考）名词即表示人或物名称的词，它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。

专有名词表示人、地方、事物、组织等名称的词，如：Lucy, China, the Great Wall.考点1 可数名词的复数形式1.名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词（Countable Nouns）与不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns），可数名词有单数与复数两种形式，名词复数构成形式部分规则如下：情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s在清辅音后读/s/在浊辅音和元音后读/z/在t后读/ts/在d后读/dz/cake-cakes day-days student-students bed-beds以-s, -x, -sh, -ch等结尾的词加-es读/IZ/bus-buses,box-boxeswatch-watches以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i，再加-es读/z/baby-babies,city-citiescountry-countries以元音字母加y结尾的词加-s读/z/toy-toysmonkey-monkeys以f(fe)结尾的词变f(fe)为ves读/vz/leaf-leaves,life-liveswolf-wolves不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母；单复数形式相同；其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, sheep-sheep mouse-mice2.某国人变复数（1）中国人a Chinese-Chinese; （2）日本人a Japanese- Japanese （2）英国人an Englishman-Englishmen;（3）法国人a Frenchman-Frenchmen （4）美国人American- Americans （5）德国人German-Germans 考点精讲可用口诀记忆这一点，即：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。

3.以-o结尾的名词，有些在词尾加-es,它们是“黑人英雄爱吃西红柿土豆”。

2019年日本成人节的英语美文word版本本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==日本成人节的英语美文Coming-of-Age Day (Japan)The second Monday of JanuaryThe second Monday of January is Coming-of-Age Day, a national holiday to encourage those who have newly entered adulthood to become self-reliant members of society. The holiday used to be on January 15, but in 201X it was moved to the second Monday of the month.Municipal governments host special coming-of-age ceremonies for20-year-olds, since an "adult" in Japan is legally defined as one whois 20 or over. They gain the right to vote on their twentiethbirthday, and they"re also allowed to smoke and drink. But along with these rights come new responsibilities as well, and so age 20 is abig turning point for the Japanese.Coming-of-age ceremonies have been held since time immemorial in Japan. In the past boys marked their transition to adulthood whenthey were around 15, and girls celebrated their coming of age whenthey turned 13 or so. During the Edo period(江户时代)(1603-1868),boys had their forelocks cropped off, and girls had their teeth dyed black. It wasn"t until 1876 that 20 became the legal age of adulthood.These days, males generally wear suits to their coming-of-age ceremony, but a lot of females choose to wear traditional furisode(振袖，状似和服的长袖)--a special type of kimono(和服)for unmarried women with extra-long sleeves and elaborate designs. For unmarried women, furisode is about the most formal thing they can wear, and so many of them don it to the event marking the start of their adultlife.The number of children in Japan is shrinking. For instance, about 1.74 million (890,000 males and 850,000 females) joined the ranks of grown-ups in 1999; this is 80,000 fewer than the year before and represents 1.4% of the total population. (：夏根建)。

Japan's women wary to wedIt is nearly 15 years since Japan's economy ground to a halt, triggering a period of introspection about the country's values and its place in the world. In the first of a special series, BBC News Online's Sarah Buckley reports on women's changing attitudes to marriage. Tuesday, 28 September 2004, 14:03 GMT 15:03 UKMulti-coloured collars, premium chews, and cat picture books line the shelves at a swanky emporium in Ebisu, upmarket Tokyo.Veronique is just one of a string of establishments catering for a boom in Japanese dog owners.But its success seems as much due to a rejection of marriage as a new-found love for the canine."There are lots of women who have dogs as their family or child," said Rie Shimozono, the shop's owner. "They carry the dog in a bag so that they are always spending time with it."Gazing through the window was Kazoko Endo, with Fukusuke, her daschund, in tow. She is typical of an increasing number of 30-something women in Japan - successful, single, and childless."Of course we will get married to someone," said Kazoko, referring to her and her dog. But the very fact that she was not even dating at 38 suggested it was not a priority.Twenty years ago, women like Ms Endo would have had a wedding ring on her finger and children at her feet.But changing expectations, both of relationships and careers, mean women across Japan, from school-leavers to members of the royal family, are grappling with a choice between traditional roles and modern freedoms.The dilemma left more than one in four Japanese women aged 30-34 still unmarried, in 2000.As a result women are having children much later, if at all. Japan's birth rate dipped to just 1.29 children per woman last year, one of the lowest in the developed world, from 1.54 in 1990.Hiroe Shibata, 35, who works for a multinational pharmaceutical company, said her priority was her career."I'm not against marriage. It's just not happening to me now," she said, pointing out that long working hours followed by evening school left her with no time to date.She said she loved children, but when asked if she worried about her biological clock, she replied: "If I have the time, then I'll have to think about it."No second best“Their husbands work long hours; child care is limited; baby sitters are expensive; and if women decide to work part-time, they are paid less than half that of a full-time worker ”Even women with less pressing commitments did not seem in a hurry to tie the knot.Yumiko Koshi, 33, was one of a number of women waiting to see pop idols Tokio last week. Bands originally marketed at teenagers are becoming popular with 30- and 40-something females unfettered by family life.Yumiko said she wanted to get married, but only if she "found a nice guy". She said she had a boyfriend, but did not see him as marriage material. "It's fun to play with him but I don't thinkhe's reliable enough as a husband. Sometimes he can't make decisions.""Maybe I might have a lonely old age, but I can't just marry somebody not so good and have a hard time."According to Sumiko Iwao, author of The Japanese Woman, many women no longer see marriage as an important goal."I guess they do not plan to stay single, they just don't meet with the kind of people they want to marry. They don't feel obsessed with being a housewife. If you find a good husband, that's fine, and if you don't, that's also fine."Japanese women tend to be very practical and very pragmatic. What are the benefits of getting married?"For most people in Japan, where unmarried parents are still rare, the main "benefit" is children. And that is the point at which modern freedoms clash headlong with traditional expectations.Hiroe Shibata explained: "If you get married, your parents expect you to have a baby. If you have a baby, it's going to be very difficult to manage your work and bring up children."No-one is more aware of this tension than Japan's Princess Masako. On entry to the Imperial family she has been forced to give up her high-flying diplomatic career to concentrate on bearing a male heir. Earlier this year she was diagnosed with a nervous disorder due to stress.Her unique role obviously brings its own strains. But many women are finding the sacrifice of hard-won economic success and freedom for childbirth tough."I think that being a mother reinforces the female role - once you have kids you have some responsibilities to be shared with your partner," said Hiroko Mizushima, a lawmaker specialising in gender equality for the main opposition Democratic Party of Japan.However, Ms Mizushima cited government research, from 1995, which suggested full-time working men spent 26 minutes each weekday on domestic chores, compared to 3 hours, 18 minutes by full-time working women. The data may now be outdated, but Ms Mizushima said the balance had not changed.Other disincentives are that their husbands work long hours, child care is limited; baby sitters are expensive; and if women decide to work part-time, they are paid less than half that of a full-time worker.FEMALE FACTSRyuko Ishikawa, a family psychiatrist, believes 30-something women are not prepared to "repeat their mothers' mistakes" in settling for the role of housewife. But she said many of her female clients' ambitions were not supported by their husbands.She referred to the Japanese saying 'deru kugi wa utareru' - the 'nail that sticks out will get hammered'. It is used to denote the person who upsets the social norm."Now, women are becoming 'deru kugi' - are sticking out. There's very few males who would say 'that's right, we have to support you.' Instead they (the women) are being hammered," said Dr Ishikawa.One of those women, caught up in the conflict between the present and the past, appears to be Princess Masako."I think Masako-san is a good example of the typical Japanese 'deru-kugi' - the capable woman. I don't think she's ill. I think she's normal," Dr Ishikawa said.。

介绍日本成人节的英语小作文Adult Day in Japan is a significant event that marks the transition of young people into adulthood. Held annually on the second Monday of January, it celebrates the coming of age for those who have turned 20 in the past year.This traditional ceremony is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, symbolizing the responsibility and independence that come with adulthood. Young adults, dressed in their finest traditional attire, participate in various ceremonies organized by local governments.The celebration often includes a speech by local officials, encouraging the new adults to contributepositively to society. It is a moment of pride for both the individuals and their families, as they are recognized asfull-fledged members of the community.In addition to the official ceremonies, many young adults also visit shrines and temples to pray for their future success and happiness. This is a time for reflection and setting goals for the years ahead.The festive atmosphere is palpable, with streets adorned in celebratory decorations. Friends and family gather to share in the joy of this milestone, often with a special meal or celebration.Adult Day is not only a rite of passage but also a reminder of the cultural values that shape Japanese society. It emphasizes the importance of respect, hard work, and the contribution of each individual to the collective well-being.As the day draws to a close, the newly minted adults are filled with a sense of purpose and anticipation for the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. This day sets the stage for their journey into full-fledged citizenship, with all the rights and responsibilities it entails.In essence, Adult Day in Japan is a poignant and vibrant celebration that encapsulates the essence of youth stepping into the world of maturity, ready to embrace the future with hope and determination.。

ORIGINAL ARTICLEImpact of overactive bladder and lower urinary tract symptoms on sexual health in Japanese womenTomoko Sako &Miyabi Inoue &Toyohiko Watanabe &Ayano Ishii &Teruhiko Yokoyama &Hiromi KumonReceived:8March 2010/Accepted:4August 2010/Published online:27August 2010#The International Urogynecological Association 2010AbstractIntroduction and hypothesis This study aims to assess whether lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)affect sexual function in Japanese females.Methods A multi-component questionnaire was mailed to 576female hospital workers.It contained the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI)and a self-administered questionnaire pertaining to LUTS.Results Of the 276responses (overall response rate,47.9%),146questionnaires were evaluable.LUTS had been experienced by 72(49.3%)of the respondents,17(11.6%)had urge urinary incontinence,and 35(24.0%)had stress urinary incontinence (SUI).The mean overall FSFI score was 22.4±9.0.The mean FSFI score was not significantly different between women with LUTS and women without LUTS (23.2±9.3and 21.6±8.8,respec-tively;P =0.057).However,the mean FSFI score of women with SUI was significantly lower than that of women without it (P =0.04).No other symptoms showed significant differences in FSFI scores.Conclusions Our results suggest that sexual dysfunction is related to SUI.Keywords Female sexual dysfunction (FSD).Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).Stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD).Overactive bladder (OAB)IntroductionThe preferred terminology to describe a constellation of symptoms that may be caused by multiple pathologic conditions,such as detrusor overactivity,is lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).LUTS is a common health problem,not only in men,but also in women.An evaluation of urinary symptoms in a sample of Japanese patients (N =5,729)that compared men and women (age range,21to 83years)showed that the prevalence of urinary problems was similar in both sexes [1].Urinary problems deteriorate the quality of life of many women.Urinary incontinence has also been implicated to have an unfavor-able effect on female sexuality [2–7].Some studies have evaluated sexual function in women with LUTS and overactive bladder (OAB)[8–10],and some questionnaires exist to evaluate female sexual function [11];the FSFI is a questionnaire used worldwide to evaluate female sexual function [12].Salonia et al.reported the FSFI score of 227women (mean age,52years;range,19–66years)in Italy who complained of urinary incontinence and/or LUTS and 102controls (mean age,54years;range,19–63years).They concluded that women reporting urinary incontinence or LUTS also complained of sexual dysfunction significantly more frequently than women in a general,healthy female population who did not complain of urinary symptoms [13].Sen et al.reported the FSFI score of 153incontinent Turkish women and 89controls.The mean age of subjects with urinary incontinence was 46.63±9.93years (range,26–81years)and that of control subjects was 45.34±T.Sako :M.Inoue (*):T.Watanabe :A.Ishii :H.Kumon Department of Urology,Okayama University Hospital,2-5-1Shikatacho,Okayama 700-8558,Japan e-mail:uromiya@T.YokoyamaDepartment of Urology,Kawasaki Medical School Hospital,Matsushima Kurashiki,Okayama 701-0192,JapanInt Urogynecol J (2011)22:165–169DOI 10.1007/s00192-010-1250-x6.29years(range,32–64years),and the mean total FSFI score was20.48±6.20and22.97±6.95,respectively.The scores of all domains were significantly lower in inconti-nent women than in control subjects,and mixed urinary incontinence had a significant impact on sexual function when compared with other types of incontinence[14].Other reports have indicated that every type of inconti-nence lowers the FSFI score[15].In the present study,the mean FSFI score of women with SUI was significantly lower than that of women without it,and there was a significant improvement in FSFI score after surgery to treat SUI[16–18].However,in Japan,there is a paucity of epidemiological data regarding the incidence and prevalence of female sexual dysfunction.We assessed the effect of urinary incontinence and female LUTS on sexual activity and sexual quality of life in sexually active women in Japan. The objectives of this research were to describe the sexuality of women with and without female LUTS in Japan and to assess a relationship between female LUTS and sexual dysfunction.MethodsA multi-component questionnaire was mailed to576women working in a hospital.It contained the Female Sexual Function Index(FSFI)[11]and a self-administered question-naire pertaining to LUTS[19].Female sexual function was evaluated with the FSFI.Women who agreed to participate in this study replied to a questionnaire and sent it back to us.The FSFI is a validated and reliable measure of female sexual function[12].It has19questions that assess six domains of sexual function,including desire,arousal, lubrication,orgasm,satisfaction,and pain.Score ranges for items3–14and17–19are0–5,and for items1,2,15, and16are1–5.The composite score is determined by the sum of domains multiplied by the domain factor.The full-scale score range is from2to36,with higher scores associated with a lesser degree of sexual dysfunction[12].The questionnaire pertaining to LUTS is a validated questionnaire that was developed by members of the Japan Neurogenic Bladder Society Committee,and it covered demographic characteristics and LUTS[19].The descrip-tions of the symptoms were consistent with International Continence Society terminology.Demographic character-istics collected were age,marital status,parity,menopausal status,and general health condition(very good,good,fair, bad,or very bad).Nine LUTS were assessed:daytime micturitions,nocturia,weak urine flow,sensation of residual urine,bladder pain,urinary urgency,urgency urinary incontinence,stress urinary incontinence,and use of incontinence pads[19].Questionnaires that contained responses to all items were evaluated.Questionnaires with blanks were excluded from evaluation.The LUTS group included those women who answered that they have a urinary symptom(urinary urgency,urgency urinary incontinence,or stress urinary incontinence)less than once per week.The group reporting no urinary symptoms was the control group.Differences in mean FSFI scores were compared between the LUTS group and the control group.The Mann–Whitney U test was used for comparison of scores within the groups.Differences in the mean FSFI score among age groups were analyzed with a Kruskal–Wallis test. Statistical significance was considered as P<0.05for all statistical analyses.All analyses were performed with SPSS software(SPSS,Chicago,IL,USA).ResultsOf the576women who were sent questionnaires,276 responded(overall response rate,47.9%),and146of the respondents filled out the questionnaire adequately for proper evaluation.In this evaluable population,the mean age was32.2years(range,21–56years),62(42.5%)were married,82(56.2%)were single,2(1.4%)were divorced, and123(84.2%)had a sex partner.The mean FSFI score was22.4±9.0.By age group,the mean FSFI score was 23.9±8.2in women20–29years;21.4±9.3in women30–39years;19.8±10.3in women40–49years;and20.1±9.9 in women50–59years.There was no significant difference in the total mean score among age groups.The scores for each sexual function domain are shown in Table1.In each domain,a significant difference was observed among age groups in the score for desire,arousal,and lubrication (P<0.05).The mean frequency of sexual activity was46.7±58.8 times per year(Fig.1).Seventy-two(49.3%)of the respondents had experienced LUTS.Overall,27(18.5%)of the respondents had difficulty,24(16.4%)had an incomplete emptying feeling, 18(12.3%)had bladder pain,18(12.3%)had urgency,17 (11.6%)had urge urinary incontinence,and35(24.0%)had stress urinary incontinence(SUI).The mean age of subjects with LUTS was33.7±8.9years(range,23–56years)and the mean age of controls was30.7±8.5years(range,21–56years).Age was significantly higher in women with LUTS than without LUTS(P=0.04),and the mean age of subjects with SUI was significantly higher than those without SUI(P=0.001).The mean FSFI score was23.2±9.3(range,2–35.4)in women with LUTS and21.6±8.8(range,2–36)in women without LUTS;there was no significant difference betweenthese groups (P =0.057)(Table 2).When FSFI scores were analyzed by symptoms,the FSFI score of women with SUI was significantly lower than that of women without it (P =0.04).With regard to domain scores in the group with SUI,there was a significant relationship with desire (P =0.034),arousal (P =0.001),and lubrication (P =0.001).However,there was no significant relationship with the other domains (Table 2).No other symptoms showed significant differences in FSFI scores (Fig.2).DiscussionSeveral studies have reported a correlation between sexual function and LUTS [8–10].In Asia,Kim et al.reported that sexual activity was reduced significantly in OAB and urinary incontinence versus an asymptomatic group [20].They investigated 3,372women (mean age,26.4±4.8years)enrolled via a multicenter internet survey.The prevalence of OAB syndrome and urinary incontinence was 12.7%and 21.0%,respectively,in their study.There are few reports about female sexual function in Japanese women,and a correlation of female sexual function with LUTS in Japan had not been reported prior to this study.In this study,sexual dysfunction was related to stress urinary incontinence in Japanese women.With regard to the scores of each domain in the group with SUI,there was a significant relationship with desire,arousal,and lubrication.The low score of FSFI in women with SUI may come from fear of incontinence during intercourse and embarrassment.Leakage during penetration is linked to SUI,and leakage during orgasm is also linked to urodynamic overactive detrusor function or mixed incontinence.The pathophsio-logic explanation of leakage during penetration is un-known;it could be caused by displacement of the bladder neck or anterior vaginal wall or by decreased tension in the pelvic floor muscle [21].Possibly,it is affected by other factors related with SUI.The mean age of subjects with SUI was significantly higher than that of those without SUI (P =0.001).Bang-Ping Jiann et al.reported that the age group of 50–67years had significantly lower mean scores in all domains than the groups of 20–34and 35–49years,and they had more problems in the areas of desire,arousal,and lubrication [22].In our study,there was no significant difference in the total mean score among age groups,but in each domain,a significant difference was observed among age groups in the score for desire,arousal,and lubrication.Thus,there may be a bias of background.It is necessary to assess and investigate both groups on the same background in the future.Detrusor overactivity or OAB was reported to be more related to sexual problems than SUI [20,22],but we did not find a significant relationship between the FSFI score and urge urinary incontinence and LUTS in our study.This result may be caused by the small number of women with urgency and urge incontinence.In this study,we sent the questionnaires to 576women,but only 146womenFig.1Frequency of sexual activity in Japanese womenTable 1FSFI scores of Japanese women by sexual function domain DomainsMean age group score ±SD P valueMean total score ±SD20–29years30–39years 40–49years 50–59years Number of patients 7834259146Desire 3.2±1.0 2.8±1.1 2.6±0.7 2.6±0.60.004* 3.0±1.0Arousal 3.7±1.6 3.1±1.7 2.9±1.9 2.6±1.50.011* 3.3±1.7Lubrication 4.6±1.9 4.1±2.2 3.6±2.4 3.8±2.20.022* 4.3±2.1Orgasm 3.6±1.8 3.2±1.9 3.2±2.3 3.3±2.20.361 3.4±1.9Satisfaction 4.3±1.5 3.9±1.5 3.8±1.4 3.7±1.60.061 4.1±1.5Pain 4.5±2.1 4.2±2.3 3.7±2.7 4.1±2.70.145 4.3±2.3Overall23.9±8.221.4±9.319.8±10.320.1±9.90.16622.4±9.0*P <0.05(Kruskal –Wallis test)answered completely.Most women answered the question of urinary symptoms but did not answer the question of sexual function.Japanese women are not willing to answer the questions of sexual function because they hesitate to talk about their sexual life to other persons and they want to make it a secret (especially in older women than young women).Furthermore,questionnaire respondents were healthy women working in a hospital.They were young women with few urinary symptoms (SUI or LUTS).Even if they had symptoms,their symptoms were comparatively moderate and slight.The LUTS group included women who answered that they had a urinary symptom (urinary urgency,urgency urinary incontinence,or stress urinary incontinence)less than once per week.There were fewwomen who reported having urinary symptoms more than once per week.A limitation of this study is that the sample was not put together under our strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.We could not investigate the correlation between sexual function and the severity of LUTS.We should assess and evaluate the sexual function of patients with severe LUTS in the future.When Rosen et al.first presented the FSFI,they assessed the sexual function of women in the USA.In their report,they compared the female sexual arousal disorder group (FSAD group;N =128)with a control group (N =131).The mean ages of the FSAD group and the control group were 40.5±12.98years (range,21–69years)and 39.7±13.15years (range,21–68years),respectively.The total FSFI score was 19.2±6.63in the FSAD group and 30.5±5.29in the control group [12].Our study also demonstrates lower FSFI scores in Japanese women compared with women in Turkey (27.29)and in the USA [23].The FSFI score in Japan was close to that in Italy (23.6),but the mean age of the control group in Italy was higher than in other studies [13].The reason why Japanese women ’s sexual functions at all ages are low is uncertain.One possibility is that Japanese women may not attach importance to their sex life.Actually,few females with sexual dysfunction consult a physician at a hospital.In addition,talking about sex is very shameful for a woman and is thought to be a taboo in Japan.However,it seems that research on female sexual dysfunction is necessary,and the number of women diagnosed with female sexual dysfunction is likely to increase in Japan in the future.Sexual dysfunction is a distressing problem in women with SUI.Nevertheless,it has received little attention,which may result from the shame of the women afflicted with SUI.We should pay more attention to this problem in Japan.Its assessment and management,as part of a routine evaluation,should be considered in women presenting with urinarysymptoms.Fig.2Relationship between FSFI score and LUTSLUTS (+)LUTS (−)P valueSUI (+)SUI (−)P valueNumber of patients 727435111Age 33.7±8.930.7±8.50.040*38.7±9.230.1±7.70.001*Desire 3.0±1.0 3.0±1.00.597 2.7±1.1 3.1±1.00.034*Arousal 3.1±1.7 3.5±1.70.072 2.5±1.7 3.6±1.70.001*Lubrication 4.1±2.1 4.5±2.10.110 3.4±2.2 4.6±2.00.001*Orgasm 3.3±1.9 3.6±2.00.243 3.0±2.0 3.6±1.90.133Satisfaction 4.0±1.5 4.2±1.50.279 4.0±1.2 4.1±1.50.559Pain 4.1±2.3 4.4±2.20.435 3.7±2.6 4.5±2.10.146Overall21.6±8.823.2±9.30.05719.4±8.723.3±8.90.004*Table 2FSFI scores of women with and without LUTS and with and without SUI*P <0.05(Mann-Whitney U analysis)ConclusionThis is the first study in Japan to investigate the relationship between female sexual function and LUTS.Our results suggest that sexual dysfunction is related to SUI.Sexual dysfunction may be a prevalent and distressing problem in Japanese women with urinary incontinence,affecting sexual quality of life.Sexual and urinary dysfunction should be evaluated routinely,and we should care for female sexual dysfunction in the same way as we care for urinary dysfunction.Conflicts of interest None.References1.Terai A,Matsui Y,Ichioka K,Ohara H,Terada N,Yoshimura K(2004)Comparative analysis of lower urinary tract symptoms and bother in both sexes.Urology63:487–4912.Weber AM,Walters MD,Schover LR,Mitchinson A(1995)Sexual function in women with uterovaginal prolapse and urinary incontinence.Obstet Gynecol85:483–4873.Temml C,Haidinger G,Schmidbauer J,Schatzl G,MadersbacherS(2000)Urinary incontinence in both sexes:prevalence rates and impact on quality of life and sexual life.Neurourol Urodyn 19:259–2714.Gordon D,Groutz A,Sinai T,Wiezman A,Lessing JB,David MP,Aizenberg D(1999)Sexual function in women attending a urogynecology clinic.Int Urogynecol J10:325–3285.Barber MD,Visco AG,Wyman JF,Fantl JA,Bump RC,Continence Program for Women Research Group(2002)Sexual function in women with urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse.Obstet Gynecol99:281–2896.Rogers GR,Villarreal A,Kammerer-Doak D,Qualls C(2001)Sexual function in women with and without urinary incontinence and/or pelvic organ prolapse.Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct12:361–3657.Sutherst JR(1979)Sexual dysfunction and urinary incontinence.Br J Obstet Gynaecol86:387–3888.Cohen BL,Barboglio P,Gousse A(2008)The impact of lowerurinary tract symptoms and urinary incontinence on female sexual dysfunction using a validated instrument.J Sex Med5(6):1418–1423 9.Ingber MS,Ibrahim IA,Killinger KA,Diokno AC,Peters KM(2009)Neuromodulation and female sexual function:doestreatment for refractory voiding symptoms have an added benefit?Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct20(9):1055–105910.Coyne KS,Margolis MK,Brewster-Jordan J,Sutherland SE,Bavendam T,Rogers RG(2007)Evaluating the impact of overactive bladder on sexual health in women:what is relevant?J Sex Med4(1):124–13611.Omotosho TB,Rogers RG(2009)Shortcomings/strengths of specificsexual function questionnaires currently used in urogynecology:a literature review.Int Urogynecol J20:51–5612.Rosen R,Brown C,Heiman J,Leiblum S,Meston C,Shabsigh R,Ferguson D,D’Agostino R Jr(2000)The Female Sexual Function Index(FSFI):a multidimensional self-report instrument for the assessment of female sexual function.J Sex Marital Ther26:191–20813.Salonia A,Zanni G,Nappi RE,Briganti A,DehòF,Fabbri F,Colombo R,Guazzoni G,Di Girolamo V,Rigatti P,Montorsi F (2004)Sexual dysfunction is common in women with lower urinary tract symptoms and urinary incontinence:results of a cross-sectional study.Eur Urol45:642–64814.Sen I,Onaran M,Aksakal N,Acar C,Tan MO,Acar A,Bozkirli I(2006)The impact of urinary incontinence on female sexual function.Adv Ther23:999–100815.Barber MD,Dowsett SA,Mullen KJ,Viktrup L(2005)Theimpact of stress urinary incontinence on sexual activity in women.Cleve Clin J Med72:225–23216.Pace G,Vicentini C(2009)Female sexual function evaluation ofthe tension-free vaginal tape(TVT)and transobturator suburethral tape(TOT)incontinence surgery:results of a prospective study.J Sex Med5(2):387–39317.Kuhn A,Eggeman C,Burkhard F,Mueller MD(2008)Correctionof erosion after suburethral sling insertion for stress incontinence: results and related sexual function.Eur Urol56(2):371–376 18.Sentilhes L,Berthier A,Loisel C,Descamps P,Marpeau L,Grise P(2009)Female sexual function following surgery for stress urinary incontinence:tension-free vaginal versus transobturator tape proce-dure.Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct20(4):393–39919.Homma Y,Yamaguchi O,Hayashi K,Neurogenic Bladder SocietyCommittee(2006)Epidemiologic survey of lower urinary tract symptoms in Japan.Urology68:560–56420.Kim YK,Seo JT,Yoon(2005)The effect of overactive bladdersyndrome on the sexual quality of life in Korean young and middle aged women.Int J Impot Res17(2):158–16321.Mouritsen L(2009)Pathophysiology of sexual dysfunction asrelated to pelvic floor disorders.Int Urogynecol J20(Suppl1): S19–S2522.Jiann B-P,Su C-C,Yu C-C,Wu TT,Huang J-K(2009)Riskfactors for individual domains of female sexual function.J Sex Med6:3364–337523.Verit FF,Verit A,Yeni E(2006)The prevalence of sexual dysfunctionand associated risk factors in women with chronic pelvic pain:a cross-sectional study.Arch Gynecol Obstet274:297–302。

Model Test FivePart I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay on social skills.Your essay should include the importance of social skills and measures to be taken to cultivate social skills.You are required to write at least150words but no more than200words.Part II Listening Comprehension(30minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A)A car accident.B)An earthquake.C)A train accident.D)A plane accident.2.A)He gave the man some water to drink.B)He called the ambulance immediately.C)He called the police first.D)He gave the man first aid.3.A)Those who are suffering from choking.B)Those who are suffering from minor scratches.C)Those who are suffering from cancer.D)Those who are suffering from diabetes.4.A)It may cure the disease.B)It may one from punishment.C)It may save one’s life.D)It may help one escape unhurt.Questions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)It has got its name from a style of architecture.B)It has got its name from a kind of music.C)It has got its name from a tribe named Goths.D)It has got its name from a special art.6.A)Priests and worshipers.B)Some non-human entities.C)Kings and knights.D)Successful businessmen.7.A)Because mankind is always in search of fame.B)Because mankind is greedy for gold and youth.C)Because mankind is after forbidden knowledge.D)Because mankind believes that they can achieve everything.8.A)The narrative spirals towards the hidden truth.B)The narrative directly reveals the truth.C)The narrative is often a third-person narrator.D)The narrative often hides his own secrets.Section BDirections：In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hearfour questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions9to11are based on passage you have just heard.9.A)An81-year-old Japanese woman’s technical life.B)An introduction to a traditional art in Japan.C)How exercise is linked to health.D)How to delay aging process.10.A)Because she is fond of new inventions.B)Because she is interested in preserving Japanese traditions.C)Because she is keen on technology and communication.D)Because she is good at keeping healthy.11.A)Keeping doing exercise.B)Playing computer games.C)Surfing the Internet.D)Having regular physical examination.Questions12to15are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A)Teaching non-native English learners.B)Providing various teaching methods to English teachers.C)Accepting more non-native English speaking students into kindergarten.D)Encouraging young students to spend more time learning English.13.A)There are more schools for Spanish-speaking students.B)More Spanish-speaking students think about going to college.C)The number of Spanish-speaking high school graduates has increased.D)More Spanish-speaking students can graduate from college.14.A)It attracts the federal’s attention to the issue.B)It makes federal money more accessible.C)It leads to better working conditions of teachers.D)It raises the number limit of new programs.15.A)Allowing them longer time to master the language.B)Teaching them reading and math in their native language.C)Using both English and their native language when teaching.D)Making them proficient in English before teaching them other subjects.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or followed by three or four questions.The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)Most people love reading books on smartphones.B)Most people love reading The New York Times.C)Most people still love printed books.D)Most people have changed their taste for printed books.17.A)Visit a magnificent Gilded Age Manhattan library.B)Spend much time in book stores of all kinds.C)Borrow a lot of books from libraries.D)Buy a lot of books from book stores.18.A)He is a librarian.C)He is a businessman.B)He is an author.D)He is a bookseller.Questions19to22are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A)Those who can show their love romantically.B)Those who can speak American English.C)Those who can speak more than one language.D)Those who can learn a new language quickly.20.A)About one in four.C)About nine out of ten.B)About one in eight.D)About two-thirds.21.A)The one that has similar pronunciation with their mother tongue.B)The one that has similar spelling with mother tongue.C)The one that has similar grammar with their mother tongue.D)The one that is part of the same family as their mother tongue.22.A)Its use of a special pronunciation.B)Its use of the Cyrillic alphabet system.C)Its use of a totally different spelling.D)Its use of too many grammatical rules.Questions23to25are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A)Favorable.B)Doubtful.C)Critical.D)Reserved.24.A)Women are likely to have a longer life expectancy than men because of parenthood.B)Men’s life expectancy increases more than women because of parenthood.C)Women can expect to live18months longer than men because of parenthood.D)Men can expect to live2years longer than women because of parenthood.25.A)Married women.C)Unmarried women.B)Married men.D)Unmarried men.PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions26to35are based on the following passage.If you had to guess the organ that has undue influence on your emotions,your mood,even your choices,what would you guess?The brain?Sure,but what else?The heart—that__26__seat of the soul?Not quite.The stomach? You’re getting warmer.Would you believe it’s the trillions of bacteria—the microbiota(微生物群)—than live in your gut.Each of us__28__up to four and a half pounds of bacteria around in our guts at any given time.More than100trillion microbes live down there.That’s as many cells as make up the rest of your body.Now,this crowd is mostly good guys,and they do important work,to the extent that some scientists__29__classifying these collective microbiota as its own__30__.Aside from helping digest our food, they protect us from disease,neutralize some of the toxic by-products of the__31__process,and make it harder for bad bacteria to set up shop.In short,your gut does way more than just digest everything from Cheetos to Camembert.But it turns out gut bacteria may also__32__how we feel.Who knew the next__33__in mental well-being would lead right to the toilet?With that lively__34__in mind,we know here are various ways our microbiota are__35__to our mental health.A)advocate I)gathersB)affect J)imageC)attached K)irreplaceableD)carries L)mythicalE)collectively M)notoriouslyF)connected N)organG)digestive O)resultH)frontierSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Is Nutritious Food Really Pricier,and,If so,Is That Really the Problem?[A]Nobody disagrees:We Americans eat badly.We eat too many calories,too much highly processed food and not nearly enough vegetables.Why is that?Ask the question,and you get a lot of answers,which is appropriate for a lot of answers,which is appropriate for a matter as complex as a country’s diet.But one of the answers that bubbles to the top almost every time is that nutritious food just costs more.Does it?There are two relevant questions here.The first is empirical:Is healthful food more expensive?The second is behavioral:Is cost what stands between people and a better diet?[B]By one very straightforward measure,healthful eating does indeed cost more.If you look at cost per calorie,nutrient-dense vegetables and fruits cost far more on average,than the ubiquitous(普遍存在的)，nutrition-sparse sources of calories:refined grains(细粮)，sugar and vegetable oil.[C]The fact that vegetables are,on average,more expensive than,say,Doritos doesn’t mean you have to abandon the idea of healthful eating and head for the snack food aisle.Sugar-snap peas and asparagus may bring up the average price of produce,but there are inexpensive calories in the category,too.Think sweet potatoes.[D]An ordinary supermarket offers a variety of affordably priced calories to meet the daunting challenge of making your daily menu come in at under$4per person,the average benefit under the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program,informally referred to as food stamps.Sure enough,there are the usual suspects:the processed foods that are a microwave away from being a microwave away from being a microwave away from being a meal.Similarly,there was a frozen burrito(玉米煎饼)for14cents,canned beef ravioli for17cents and hot dogs for10cents.But the rock-bottom-cheapest meal option was instant ramen,at6cents,a price point so irresistible that I almost bought some.As inexpensive as it is,ramen isn’t the cheapest source of calories at the grocery store.That honor belongs to all-purpose flour and vegetable oil,both of which cost all of2cents per100 calories.[E]No matter how cheap the processed foods are,the raw materials that go into them are even cheaper.And, if those raw materials are so very cheap for us,imagine how cheap they are for Kraft.So cheap that the company can manufacture a food out of them,box it,ship it and market it,and still sell it for pennies.Even so,you almost always do better,cost-wise,when you buy the ingredients and cook them yourself,which is one of the reasons that upgrading to a decent may cost less than you think.A2013review of studies quantifying the price of a healthful vs. unhealthful diet found that the healthful version cost$1.48more per person,per day.[F]Although$1.48doesn’t sound like enough to make much difference in the quality of your diet,it can buy a variety of cheap,nutritious staples:peanut butter,whole-grain pasta,whole-wheat flour,eggs,rolled oats, pearled barley,corn flour,brown rice,dried black beans and unpopped popcorn.[G]In that list,we find the crux of the issue.The healthful meals you can make at a price point that competes with ramen are anchored by rice,beans and whole grains.And,if you have time and skill,you can combine thosewith foods that cost a more,such as chicken thighs(13cents),sweet potatoes(38cents),carrots(30cents),frozen corn(25cents),walnuts(30cents),yogurt(36cents)or frozen broccoli(63cents),and eat pretty well for under$4per day.[H]Before we go on,let’s spend a moment on subsidies.Although farm subsidies have certainly had an impact on the price of staples,that impact is dwarfed by the inherent costs of growing crops as different as corn and broccoli.In that particular case,broccoli costs50times what corn does to grow.It’s also important to note that the same commodity programs that affect corn and soy subsidize rolled oats,pearled barley,lentils,peanut butter and whole-wheat bread.Although I’m in favor of revamping(修改)those programs,they can’t shoulder all the blame for ramen.[I]Back to our dinner of chicken,carrots and black beans,and to the single parent on a very limited budget, who has the challenge of trying to carve out the time to make it,only to have her kids complain that what they really want is instant ramen.[J]Adam Drewnowski,director of the University of Washington’s Center,tells me in an email,“Obesity is almost entirely an economic issue,and the higher cost of healthier foods is the main problem,”but he acknowledges that factors other than money come into play.He mentions two in particular:skill and time,which can feed you well if money is short supply.[K]So,sure,it’s possible to make a healthful dinner on a SNAP budget,but the other resources required—time and skill—may be in short supply as well.Tonja Nansel,a senior investigator at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,points out that,if cost were the major barrier,we’d expect higher-income groups to eat much better than lower-income groups.“The difference in diet quality isn’t that big,”says Nansel,although it’s hard to determine exactly what the difference is because of the limitations of data based on people’s ability to remember what they ate yesterday.A2013study that attempted to quantify that difference found that the lowest-income group did indeed eat less-nutritious diets than the wealthiest group,but if you compare the lowest with the next group up,the diets are extremely similar.It’s not until you get to five times the poverty level that diets improve,and even then it’s not a big jump.If cost were the primary driver of poor diets,we’d expect a significant income boost to correspond to a significant improvement in diet,particularly since a meaningful improvement can be had for$1.48per day.[L]Nobody I’ve talked to disputes that cost is an issue.Likewise,nobody disputes that convenience and preference are also issues.But it’s hard to say what’s most important.“Most people prefer the taste of ramen to brown rice.They prefer chips to kale,”says Nansel.“The fact that we would rather not have to look at some of those other reasons is part of reason cost gets so much traction.”Food isn’t just nutrition.Food is pleasure, something very-low-income people have very few sources of,says Nansel.That doesn’t mean we shouldn’t tackle cost at a policy level,she adds.“If we can make healthful food more affordable and accessible,we ought to.”[M]Looking at cost as a barrier to eating well is much more comfortable than looking at preference,which smacks of blaming the victim.The idea that our lousy diet was perpetrated on us,with the poor as the most vulnerable,gets around that problem.But until we acknowledge that we—rich and poor—are complicit in our food supply,that we help shape it every time we buy food we want to eat,we’re unlikely to improve it.36.A study indicates that no significant price differences were seen between nutritious diet and unwholesomeone.37.According to one expert,the differences in diet quality between the rich and the poor are not as obvious asexpected.pared with the farm subsidies,the built-in costs of growing crops have a bigger impact on the price ofstaples.39.For the poor,food can bring satisfaction and a sense of pleasure in addition to nutrition.40.It’s easier to blame on costs and other external factors than on our own preference on food for our unhealthydiet.41.It’s generally thought that the main reason for the American’s unhealthy eating habits is the cost of nutritiousfood.42.No food is cheaper than all-purpose flour and vegetable oil as sources of calories in a common supermarket.43.One expert claimed that higher cost of healthier foods was the leading reason of obesity,but it can be compensated by skill and time.44.When taking time to cook despite a busy schedule,a single mom probably will find her kids would rather eatinstant ramen.45.Having time and cooking skill,one could enjoy a wholesome meal on a very limited budget.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Business cards have been around a long time in one form or another.The Chinese invented calling cards in the15th century to give people notice that they intended to visit.European merchants invented trade cards in the 17th century to act as miniature advertisements.Lots of companies try to turn their cards into miniature plugs for their products.Employees at Lego give out miniature plastic figures with their contact details stamped on them.McDonald’s business cards are shaped like a portion of fries.A Canadian divorce lawyer once gave out cards that can be torn in two—one half for each of the feuding spouses.Such tricks can quickly pall.For techno-utopians,they just go to show that the physical business card is in its death throes(垂死挣扎).After all,why bother exchanging bits of thick paper at all when you can simply swap electronic versions by smartphone?However,one can just as well argue the opposite:that business cards are here to stay,and in a blizzard(大风雪)of meetings and correspondence,it is more important than ever that your card stands out.Attempts to reinvent business cards for the digital age have got nowhere.That business cards are thriving in a digital age is a forceful reminder that there is much about business that is timeless.Take,for instance,the eternal and inescapable question of whether you can trust someone.The number of things that machines can do better than humans grows by the day.But they cannot look people in the eye and decide what sort of person they are.And they cannot transform acquaintanceships into relationships.A good deal of business life will always be about building social bonds—having dinner with people,playing sport with them,even getting drunk with them—and the more that machines take over the quantitative stuff more human beings will have to focus on the touchy-feely.The rapid advance of both globalization and virtualization means that this trust-building process is becoming ever more demanding.Managers have to work harder at establishing trust with people from different cultures: chief executives of global organizations routinely spend three out of every four weeks traveling.They also have to get better at using personal meetings to reinforce bonds that were first formed over the phone or internet.Here,business cards are doubly useful.They can be a quick way of establishing connections,and can also act as a physical reminder that you have actually met someone rather than just Googled them.Rifling(搜索)through piles of different cards helps to summon up memories of meetings in ways that simply looking through uniform electronic lists never would.46.The example of divorce lawyer’s cards is mentioned to_______.A)reveal the historical change of business cardsB)illustrate the function of cards as advertisementsC)display the ingenious designs of business cardsD)testify the effect of business cards is declining47.The word“pall”(Line1,Para.3)most probably means_______.A)to have effect B)to make troubles C)to become popular D)to lose appeal48.The reason why business cards cannot be replaced lies in_________.A)they help to build actual social bonds in business lifeB)they make the trust-building process more urgentC)they set people free from their quantitative routinesD)they bring more sentiments into the business contact49.It is implied in the last two paragraphs that_______.A)people from different cultures can hardly trust each otherB)it is impossible to establish trust over the phone or internetC)business cards remind people of their face-to-face contactD)uniform electronic lists may not help people get acquainted50.What is this passage mainly about?A)Why business cards thrive in digital age.B)When business cards will be replaced.C)How elaborately the cards can be designed.D)What business cards can help managers do.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.A hard Brexit poses risks to the integrity of financial markets and could make it harder to protect consumers from wrongdoing by banks,the head of the city regulator has warned MPs.Andrew Bailey,chief executive of the Financial Conduct Authority,said a cliff-edge Brexit—one in which the regulatory framework changes the instant the UK leaves the EU—also presented competition risks,alongside threats to legal and market stability.In his latest letter to the Treasury Select Committee,Bailey said a sudden exit from the EU could make it difficult for regulators to obtain information about the firms they regulate.“Any lack of certainty with regard to the regulatory framework may affect the ability of the FCA,and perhaps other regulators,to take enforcement action as a means of both addressing and deterring misconduct,”said Bailey.He also highlighted the risks associated with the sudden loss of the“passport”that firms based in the EU use to operate freely within the28member states.Bailey has previously told the committee that5,476 UK-registered firms hold at least one passport to do business in another EU or EEA member state while just over8,000companies authorized in other EU states use these rules to do business in the UK.There was a risk,he said,that firms could and end up without the correct permissions to sell products or find themselves vulnerable to legal action if they were not able to meet pledges to provide services for customers.The FCA may not have enough time to process applications-which take about23weeks-if the loss of passporting is only agreed late in the negotiations.Former shadow chancellor Chris Leslie,a leading supporter of the Open Britain campaign,said:“The last thing post-Brexit Britain needs is to tie the hands of the Financial Conduct Authority behind their back.A hard Brexit doesn’t just risk pushing our economy over a cliff edge,it risks throwing robust regulation into the void as well.”“If we learned anything from the2008global economic crash,it is that a clear system of regulation for financial services is essential.It is deeply worrying that the people responsible for that in country are saying they will not be able to do their job properly if Britain crashes out of the EU without a transitional deal in place.”“When the financial watchdogs are themselves saying they will not be able to properly protect consumersfollowing a hard Brexit,the government needs to sit up and take notice.”“If the watchdog cannot watch financial transactions properly,we are leaving both peoples’finances and markets vulnerable to abuse.”51.What do we know about Andrew Bailey?A)He strongly opposes the hard Brexit.B)He calls for a clear regulatory system.C)He requires enhanced financial regulation.D)He predicts some post-Brexit problems.52.The data quoted in Paragraph Four illustrates______.A)the extensive influence of Brexit on businessB)the large amount of workload of the FCAC)the significance of acquiring the“passport”D)the enormous scale of the overseas market53.What may be the problem posed by a sudden loss of firms’“passport”?A)Restriction on travel around EU member states.B)Influence on the firms’ability to provide service.C)Increase of legal disputes in international trade.D)Extended time to deal with passport application.54.In the last two paragraphs,Chris Leslie emphasizes______.A)the urgency to reinforce the function of FCAB)the importance of a manifest regulatorsC)the responsibility of the financial regulatorsD)the necessity of the government’s involvement55.What can we learn about Chris Leslie’s position on the result of a hard Brexit?A)He provides proofs for Bailey’s view.B)He challenges Bailey’s conclusion.C)He poses a whole new insight.D)He echoes Bailey’s opinion on the issue.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.中国结（Chinese knot）是中国特有的手工编织工艺品，在中华民族艺术文化遗产中占据重要的地位。

Japanese Kanji (large collection)（日本汉字(大集合)）Japanese Chinese characters of Chinese is both familiar and unfamiliar, sometimes very convenient, but sometimes it will be very troublesome, not good words too literally will make a big joke. Don't believe it, Chinese ginseng is so expensive, Japan's "ginseng" cheap, I'll get you a car skin.Here are some of the words I collected and collected from my friends. I hope I can make a fresh start and join all of us.Serial Chinese characters (pronunciation) Chinese meaning1 and his San (and on the Hai San and customer)2 love (live on Valentine thou)3 () would love to socialize, compliment, entertainIn the 4 case (cancer - Live guide, actually) Notice5. (actually on's mental arithmetic)The other 6 (better, cancer) before and after the spring equinox, the three dayThe 7 trial (for examples on suspicious.)From time to time (8 examples) accident9 (cancer nursing, high residual balance)10 here (NE's pity, cancer) sorry, disappointedThe 11 (National U), Black Tea coffee shop12 difference (national discrimination analysis)13 dynasties (national will. Before actually ~ simple forms)14 (Hai Hai estate success speech).15 Chikan (UTI, cancer) eRomania16 Chikan (lady-killer), rogue17 Chi go (UTI for u delicious)18 output (. This feeling on the j output)(born 19. After estate) rise head and shoulders above others20 early (after complete surrender and.)21 Zhang (. After UTI j u).22 the beginning of the heart () (. J. Woman's Chan) for beginners, beginnersDivision 23 division (J's immediate consolidation.)24 bed (name, floor)25 bed room (and factory, barber shop, barber)26 (spring is in national as fans)27 rough bars (also thou RA).28 crude (for woman - gift)29 handle (and, and RA) large patterns30 generous (and, as for the public)Those 31 (nursing was last on radish)Those 32 yakusha (live, on the woman's importance was Chan hamfatter)33 black column (on the speech coding was that over the last kind of center)34 people (and, for the landlord)35 (national and and cassock) / rhetorical exaggerationThe 36 famous (Hai j u construct importance) around the princes37 hands (and, at large manufacturers, enterprises)38 husband (Hai j u immediate importance) no problem, never mind39 (for appropriate forms of Che origin, identity)40 authentic (construct UTI) onAll 41 (complete analysis period) cheap; opportunity; all things;42 ears (Pandora for immediate earlobe, construct the construct):Nimai Me (43 ~ to live as man)44 translation ('s translation, on)45 (woman's complete rest assured) tranceThe separation of 46 (immediate on Mount) collateral47 wind ship (examples complete estate on the balloon)48 service (with examples on the forms of imprisonment)49, floating (u guys with xianyisiqian)50 (, Che j u diverted) composition line51 liver and heart (as on's key)52 University (high school was complete was complete)53 blame me (hurt)54 of the contract (complete with longer period)55 (complete agreement period agreed to last)56 Sanchou Hu Hai (U San Hai on the national suspicion)57 China luxury (with Chan Chan slim.)The 58 is spent (as on terms with sixty birthday)The fire of 59 cars (on the better of the economic situation is not good in MA)60 kigen (with's) atmosphere, mood61 (with an urgent need to complete on the teapot)In 62 (KA Na HAI) wife63 jsgi (on mount and complete discussion)64 see things (construct period and wonderful)65 square (as for to construct the views and opinions)66 notes (was complete) class, course67 (complete or live account was one shift)68 cross fan (was complete speech on the police station)The 69 stage (KA Hai's importance to the stairs) 70 structure (after mount was complete enough) The end of 71 (down after, on the unity)72 programs (for examples as a turning point.)73 caution (with cancer. Cancer bimensiguo)74, Daniel (at last this accounting)75 (. J u's sophisticated vegetarian)76 A (, thou Che) stateThe 77 Survey (as on j u).78 letters (KA Hai U) good news79 old waste (U: Che immediate feeling waste)80 wife (complete speech) old woman81 wins (or on the kind of woman in j u)82 cold room (live longer terms air conditioning)83 Lotus ('s terms) porcelain spoon84 Liao (j u this dormitory)85 gold (j u with this material on tuition, fees, tax)86 left behind (in Japanese) in87 travel vouchers (J's passport at this)The 88 ad (RA on that over the last repeat)The sparrow (89 ~ - Chan's mahjong)90 buyer (as the last buyer)The 91 dream (UTI u bun Mutsu)92. (will live on the troubled guys)93 us (Hai was on the United States)94 (j u with barely on learning, cheap)95 ('s ki j u to learn)96 white (sweet and delicious moo.) interesting97 face down (as on U) trouble (things); help98 accept goods (complete delivery of better cancer)99 Nanmi (aka live on South America)100, (aka UTI U / J cancer) hearing ear101 (mud bar complete thief)Send this 102 years (and by this old man.)103 Niang San (better still will) girl104 women (and, to construct the boss)105 (complete nursing on greenhouse heating)The 106 criticism (j u better better) comments107 flesh (better in on) irony108, to (UTI) (with child feeling, atmosphere, mood UTI) 109 Kibun (with immediate cancer) feeling, atmosphere, mood 110, color (at woman with case)111 car train (with Chan.)112 (I live with soda water and sea water mix)113 (just as after wearing was complete)114 years ago (on ne's) last year115 strong (complete this period with the Porter)116 intelligence (j u complete information, news)117 (and this woman geomancer ~ this, on the board of directors, shareholders)118 interest (Environmental construct).119 ginseng (in cancer on carrot)The 120 men (in human cancer cancer)121 leresis (j u kidding cancer nursing)122 of the force (in this U J on input)Shao Shao (or 123 on the cake, with child, or on the zeta) jealous, jealousRoasted rice (with will, 124 fried rice.)125 (Shekou Chan UTI) tap126 students (Hai, Hai Kai Ki) the meaning of life127 - hand () (1) taiwan. (2) as the son. Thing。