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Research on the Loneliness in The Scarlet Letter
By
09-1， Song Bo (宋博No.01)
09-1， Song Bo (宋博No.01)
09-1， Song Bo (宋博No.01)
09-1， Song Bo (宋博No.01)
09-1， Song Bo (宋博No.01)
09-1， Song Bo (宋博No.01)
09-1， Song Bo (宋博No.01)
09-1， Song Bo (宋博No.01)
09-1， Song Bo (宋博No.01)
A paper submitted in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for literature class
to the College of Foreign Languages
Hebei United University
October 2011
1 ABSTRACT摘要
Nathaniel Hawthorne was a quite renowned American writer in the 19th Century,
who is also the representative of American romanticism. His stories displayed a
psychological insight into moral isolation and human emotion, therefore he was
honored the writer of psychological romanticism. Nathaniel Hawthorne was a fairly
productive writer; many of his works were very influential to the world, especially to
the academy world.------(作者简介) The Scarlet Letter is typically the works that
created great influence in the world then and now. From the time it was published,
people have begun to research on it. They make the research on different themes
embodied in it: the author’s religious belief, the symbolism writing skill, the
conflicts between nature and the people. However, on the loneliness aspect, it is
quite few discussed and research. This paper mainly will discuss the loneliness in the
novel, and probe 探查into the loneliness contained in the four main characters, as
well the loneliness displayed by the symbolism.
KEY WORDS: Loneliness Symbolism Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet
Letter
摘 要
纳撒尼尔·霍桑是美国十九世纪杰出的作家，是美国浪漫主义小说创作的代表。他的小说以心理洞察力来探究人类的道德孤独与感情因素，因此被冠以“心理浪漫小说家”。霍桑是一位多产的作家，其多部作品耐人寻味，对世界产生了很大影响。《红字》是霍桑小说创作的代表， 自其出版之日期就在美国乃至世界产生了很大的反响。在对霍桑及其作品的研究中，学者们多从小说中体现的多元主体，作者的宗教观念，作品创作中象征主义手法的使用等方面入手，然而对红字中孤独因素主题的研究并不多见。本论文主要研究《红字》中体现的多种孤独因素，谈谈小说中四大主人公的孤独感情，以及象征主义手法下孤独因素的独特体现。
关键词：孤独 象征主义 纳撒尼尔·霍桑 《红字》
2 1. Introduction
Nathaniel Hawthorne was one of the most influential writers in the 19th century
America, and as the prier（窥探者） of American romanticism, his works
demonstrated（论证） new flavor（特色） to the academy world, and also the whole
world, he was thus honored forever by the world. The Scarlet Letter as one of his
representative works, since the publication of it, it has aroused the readers’ great
interest, for the multi（多的） themes displayed in it , and the writer’s unique writing
skill. Until now, people from all over the world have been making research on it.,
which showed the lasting reading value of the works.
1.1 Nathaniel Hawthorne
As one of the most influential romantic novelists in the 19th century America,
Nathaniel Hawthorne’s works mainly describe the people’s mental attitude, thought
contradiction and life tragedy under Calvinistic pressure by the cruel clericalism
domination in the colonial period. He was born on July 4.1804 in Salem,
Massachusetts. Salem, his hometown, has ever been the place where Puritanism
forces was rampant and several generations of his ancestors are fanatic puritans,
therefore, the rich Puritanism thought from his family has deep-rooted effect on
Hawthorne. (常耀信，2002：243) During his study in Bowdin college, among his
classmates were many of the important literary and political figures of the day,
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and future president Franklin Pierre. When in 1825
he graduated, Hawthorne returned to Salem and began his writing history.
Most of Hawthorne’s short novels draw the material from New England history or
the reality, probe into peoples’ nature and density, and conveyed people’s evil and
loneliness. He has once served in the Custom but in 1848, because of the political
conflicts or difference with the official, he resigned the work and devoted to writings
during which he brought out his masterpiece the influential works The Scarlet Letter,
which gained great favor.
1.2 The Scarlet Letter
The Scarlet Letter was written in the 19th century, the setting of it was in the 17th
century in Boston. It was once said by Laurence “a real and complete folk story, but
displayed the hell’s flavor”.(Elliott,1998:102)This novel was about the struggle three 3 people face while trying to live their lives and find happiness in a Puritan society. It
told the story like this. In the early 1640s, Hester has come to the small town of
Boston, Massachusetts, from Great Britain, while her husband, Chillingworth has
left to deal with something .But after then, there is no news about him and nobody
know whether he is alive or not for two years. Then Hester and Reverend Arthur
Dimmesdale, the town's priest, engages in the act of adultery and produce a baby girl
