主谓一致──讲解及例题示范 - 桐高英语教师
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主谓一致一.概念:主谓一致是指:1)语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语, 一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
例如: There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如: Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.二.相关知识点精讲1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如: Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。
注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
例如: The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.典型例题 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. isB. wasC. areD. were答案B. 注:先从时态上考虑。
这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C。
本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。
后面的职务用and 相连。
2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
例如: There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.。
最全的高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习 (精华版)一、主谓一致的概念主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”之间的一致性,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词的形式。
在英语语法中,主谓一致是一个非常重要的原则,它确保了句子结构正确和表达清晰。
主谓一致可以分为语法一致和意义一致两种原则。
二、主谓一致的种类1. 语法一致(1)当主语由两个或两个以上的单数名词或者代词组成时,谓语动词的形式取决于指代的是否为不同的人或事物。
如果是不同的人或事物,谓语动词用复数形式;如果指代的是同一个人或事物或者同一概念,谓语动词用单数形式。
(2)当主语是不定式、动词ing形式或主语从句时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
(3)在定语从句中,关系代词who、which、that作主语时,要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
(4)使用连接词with、along with、together with、as well as、besides、like、without、except、but等连接的主语,谓语动词的数要与主语的数保持一致。
(5)主语为不定代词all、more、some、any、none时,谓语动词的形式视具体情况而定。
(6)主语为the rest of、half of、part of、majority of、percent of、one third of等加名词时,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。
(7)集合名词作主语时,动词可用单数或复数,主要由句子的意思决定。
强调整体时,谓语动词用单数;指全体人员时,动词用复数。
常见的集合名词有public、family、class、crowd、population、team、group等。
(8)某些名词如people、police、cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数形式。
但people指“民族”时是例外。
2. 意义一致原则指主谓一致取决于主语的其实际意义。
有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数;有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。
高中语法主谓一致精讲及练习语法:主谓一致主谓一致原则一、语法一致原则语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1.由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what 从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
如:What I bought were three English books.What I say and do is (are)helpful to you.2.若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物或同一概念时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
如:The writer and artist has come. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.3.由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every ,more than a (an)/one ,many a (an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
如:Every student and every teacher was in the room.No boy and no girl likes it.Every pen and every book _____________ ( lay ) on the desk already.No bird and no beast ______ (be) seen in the bare island.Many a boy and many a girl ______ (have) made such a funny experiment.3.主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like,as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。
主谓一致主谓一致指人称和数方面的一致关系。
主谓一致可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致。
一、语法一致原则:即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数。
以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有with, along with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as, as much as, accompanied by, no less than, rather than, including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数。
如:Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质。
No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
如:Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福.When we’ll go out for an outin g has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
what从句作主语时的主谓一致what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。
主谓一致一般说来,谓语必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致,即主谓一致。
主谓一致涉及三个方面:语法上一致,意义上一致,就近一致。
一、语法上一致1 不可数名词、动名词、不定式、从句等做主语时,谓语通常用单数。
Much milk is offered to him. Reading aloud is very important in learning English.To nod one’s head means agreement. What they said is true.2 and连接主语时,注意以下几点:1)由and, both…and 连接两个单数名词谓语用复数,但当and连接的两个名词指同一个人,同一物,同一事,同一概念时谓语用单数。
Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this hotel.The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk.2) 凡是由each…and each…,every…and every… ,no…and no…, many a… and many a…连接名词作主语时谓语用单数。
Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company.No boy and no girl doesn’t go to school at the age of seven in this village.3) 由and 连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词做主语时,谓语用复数。
Good and bad meat in the market are sold out.4) 不可数名词+兵团并列修饰语作主语时,谓语用单数。
Beer from the USA and Germany is much better that from Britain.5) 凡由and连接两个带the(a或物主代词)的单数可数名词,谓语用复数,如果只有前一个名词带the(a 或物主代词)则谓语用单数。
高中主谓一致讲解及练习公司内部编号:(GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-主谓一致主谓一致指人称和数方面的一致关系。
主谓一致可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致。
一、语法一致原则:即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数。
以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有with, along with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as, as much as, accompanied by, no less than, rather than, including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数。
如:Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质。
No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
如:Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
主谓一致的用法及专项练习题一、主谓一致三原则主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
1、语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2、意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。
My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.这本书20美元太贵了。
3、就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。
例如:Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、主谓一致常考题型1、单数名词(代词)/不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式;复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。
The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。
Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。
The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
2、“a great/ good many+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
但“many a+名词”作主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。
.主谓一致主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系。
英语主谓一致一般要遵循三条原则,即:语法一致原则;意义一致原则和就近原则。
1.语法一致原则语法一致原则是指谓语动词和它的主语在语法形式上必须取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式,如:Tom doesn’t like swimming. 汤姆不喜欢游泳。
Jane and Mary look alike. 简和玛丽看起来很像。
2.意义一致原则意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语的一致,同由主语所表达的单数概念来决定,而不是根据主语的实际语法形式。
有时主语的语法形式是单数,但所表达的概念是复数意义,这时动词应采用复数形式,如:The football team are having breakfast now. 足球队员们在吃早饭。
The news was exciting. 这条消息令人振奋。
3.就近原则就近原则指谓语动词的人称和数要在形式上与最靠近它的那个名词或代词取得一致。
当一个句子有两个主语而它们又是either...or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, or 等连接时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致,如:Either your students or Mr Wang knows this. 你的学生们或王老师知道这件事。
Neither Jim nor his friends were interested in this film. 汤姆和他的朋友们都对这部电影不感兴趣。
主谓一致这三个原则中有很多需要注意的问题,1.主语为集体名词(1)某些集体名词既可表示单数也可表示复数。
如果集体名词作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式,如:Our group were discussing heatedly on the subject. 我们小组成员正对这个问题进行热烈的讨论。
高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习一、讲解部分主谓一致是高中英语语法中的一个重要概念,它指的是在英语句子中,主语和谓语动词在人称和数上要保持一致。
具体来说,就是主语是单数形式,谓语动词也要用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也要用复数形式。
同时,谓语动词的人称要根据主语的性别和数量进行变化。
主谓一致的规则主要包括以下三个原则:1.语法一致原则:主语和谓语动词在语法形式上保持一致。
2.意义一致原则:主语和谓语动词在意义上保持一致。
3.邻近一致原则:如果一个句子中有两个主语,谓语动词与距离它最近的主语保持一致。
在实际应用中,需要根据具体的语境和上下文来判断主谓一致的用法。
例如,在一般现在时中,如果主语是第三人称单数(he/she/it),谓语动词要用单数形式;如果主语是复数形式(they/we/you),谓语动词要用复数形式。
二、练习部分1.用正确的形式填空:(1) He(play) basketball every Sunday.(2) She(write) letters to her friends every week.(3) We(go) to the movies on Fridays.(4) They(not play) in the park now.(5) I ___(not write) to my parents this week.答案:(1) plays (2) writes (3) go (4) aren't playing (5) haven't written1.翻译句子:(1) 他们喜欢游泳和打篮球。
答案:They like swimming and playing basketball.。
完整版)主谓一致详解超详细1、形式一致当主语为复数时,谓语动词也应该使用复数形式,当主语为单数时,谓语动词也应该使用单数形式。
2、语意一致在使用谓语动词时,需要考虑名词词组中心词的单复数形式,以及集合名词、不定式、现在分词和从句作主语时的单复数形式。
例如:正确:Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt.改写:That XXX.正确:Roots was a novel about a slave family.改写:The novel Roots told the story of a slave family.正确:My luggage was sent by air.改写:I sent my luggage by air.正确:Playing with fire is XXX.改写:It XXX to play with fire.His XXX。
It is important to note that when referring to a setof clothing。
we use "a suit of clothes." Clothes cannot be usedwith an XXX。
when referring to a piece of work。
we use "a work" for one and "two works" for two.In cases where phrases such as "some of。
plenty of。
a lot of。
lots of。
most of。
the rest of。
all of。
half of。
part of。
the remainder of。
or a n/percentage + of + noun" are used as the subject。
高中英语主谓一致问题含义:主谓一致是指在句子中主语和谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致。
原则:语法一致,意义一致,就近原则,就远原则。
1.一词多义(集体名词)例:My family is a big one.My family are all music lovers.【归纳】当集体名词表示整体概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。
当集体名词强调全部成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。
常见集体名词:group; army; class; committee; company; crowd; family; government; majority; organization; population; public; staff; team; enemy等。
【拓展】1.有些名词只能表示复数,如people; cattle; police2.无生命的集体名词作主语,谓语动词只能用单数,如clothing; furniture;baggage/luggage; equipment; machinery; jewellery; poetry; scenery等。
【巩固练习】1.All the furniture____________(move) to another room so far.2.The public now____________(come) to know the whole story.3.The police___________(be) trying to find out the missing girl.4.Much equipment__________(need) in our lab.5.Our team _________(be practice)hard for the game.【keys】1.has been moved e 3.are 4.is needed 5.are practicing2.不定代词例:Believe it or not, everyone here has a gift for music.Either of the stories is inspiring.None has/have been found.【归纳】(1)each或者some-/any-/every-构成的复合不定代词作为主语,谓语动词用单数。
高中英语之“主谓一致”(** )主谓一致的看法。
所谓主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”之间 ,即(主语的人称和单复数形式)决定着(谓语动词对应的形式)。
(一)主谓一致的种类一、【语法一致】1. <and 连接 >两个或两个以上单数名词也许代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种状况:(1) 假如指两个或两个以上不一样的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。
He and she _____both students of this school.他和她都是这个学校的学生。
( 2)假如连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 也许指同一看法的时候, 谓语要用单数。
The singer and dancer____ going to give us a performance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。
The knife and fork ____on the table.刀叉在桌子上。
2.假如主语是 <不定式 , 动词 ing 形式或主语从句 >的时候 ,谓语动词一般用单数。
When he is coming seems very important.他什么时候要来看起来很重要。
Collecting stamps is his hobby.采集邮票是他的喜好。
To love her is not to break her wings.爱她就不应折断她自由翱翔的翅膀。
.3. 定语从句的 <关系代词who, which, that>在从句中作主语时,要与<先行词 >的人称和数保持一致。
Those who enjoy singing may join us.Tom, who is your friend, should help you.with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including假如句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数<随主语的变化>而变化。
高中英语语法讲解与练习之主谓一致高中英语语法之主谓一致概述:1) 语法形式上要一致,即用作主语的名词中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上一致 2) 意义上要一致,即主语和谓语的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义. 1 并列结构作主语时当意义为复数时谓语用复数注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词.The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. isB. wasC. areD. were答案B. 注:,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词.后面的职务用and 相连.这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则总的来说,在由not only…but also…, not just…but…, or, either…or…, neither…nor…连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中,谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理,即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。
如:There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week. Either you or she is to go. 3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, aswell as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致. The teacher togetherwith some students is visiting the factory.He as well as I wants to go boating. 4 谓语需用单数1) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需单数. Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch. 2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数. The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.3) 表示金钱,时间.距离.价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数. Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough.5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1) 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定. All is right. (一切顺利.) All are present. (所有人都到齐了.)2) 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定.如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体. His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭.His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者.但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽).militia(民兵).vermin等在任何情况下都用复数形式. Are there any police around3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数. A number of +名词复数+复数动词. The number of +名词复数+单数动词.A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English.6 与后接名词或代词保持一致1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致. Most of his money is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.2) 在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式.但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致.Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书.More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市.主谓一致中的\表里不一\现象和主语必须在人称和数上保持一致,最基本的原则是:单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词.但在实际使用当中情况比较复杂,现在学生常犯的主谓一致错误归纳整理如下1,\名词\作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花.2, \名词\作主语时,从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词常用单数.例如: Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树.3,\及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词\作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如:Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖. 4,all指人时,动词用复数;all指物时,动词用单数.例如:\所有人全部到场了,一切进展顺利5,what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时,动词用单数,相反,则用复数.例如:What they want to get is the number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书.6,and连接的两个单数名词前若用each,every,no修饰,该名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.例如: No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔.7,当主语后面有as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, rather than, except等引导的短语时,谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致.例如:My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京. 8,each作主语的同位语时, 谓语动词由主语来决定,与each无关.例如:They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车.9,动词不定式,动词-ing形式短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯. 10,the following作主语时,谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如: The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.11,以-ics结尾的学科名词,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news, works, plastics等同属此类.例如:Politics is now taught in all schools. 现在各学校都开设政治课.当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示\学科\以外的意义时,用作复数,如:mathematics(运算能力)politics(政治观点)economics(经济意义)等12,有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数(trousers,glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等)作主语时,前面若有\一条\一副\一把\之类的单位词,动词用单数;若没有单位词或单位词是复数,则谓语动词用复数.例如:The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子都很合适.还有一些以-s结尾的名词通常用复数:arms(武器).clothes. 等13,\名词\作主语时,谓语动词要用单数.例如: One and a half apples is left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果.14,\复数名词\作主语时,谓语动词用复数.例如:One or two persons are sentthere to help them do the work. 要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙.15,\复数名词+ 定语从句\结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;而在\复数名词+定语从句\的结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.例如: He is one of the students who get there on time.他是准时到达那里的学生之一.16,表示时间,距离,金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词常用单数,但若强调数量,谓语动词可用复数.例如:One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百万美元是一大笔钱.以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s或-es,但是有一些以-s结尾的名词并不是可数名词。
所谓“主谓一致”就是指谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致。
主谓一致有许多语法规定,这里作一个比较全面的总结与归纳。
但有一点必须指出,光是总结还不等同于大家已掌握了主谓一致,正是因为其繁琐性与固定性,要求同学们熟记在心并通过反复练习来巩固。
1.动词不定式、动名词,或者主语从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
如:What we want is some water.我们需要水。
To say something is usually easier than to do something.说一些事往往要比做一些事容易。
Whether he will come is still unknown.他是否会来还不知道。
注:①当若干个动词不定式,动名词或主语从句被and连接起来当主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。
如:What he says and what he does don’t agree.他言行不一致。
Where he comes from and what he is doing here are secrets.他来自哪儿和他在这儿干什么都是谜。
②由what引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数,但所指的具体内容若是复数意义时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。
如:What we need is more time.What we need are doctors.2.“就近一致”原则。
当一个句子有两个主语,这两主语又是由“not only…but also”,“either…or…”“neither…nor”连接起来时,谓语动词和离它最近的主语保持一致。
如: Not only he but also I am good at English.我们俩英语都不错。
Either they or he is to come.不是他们就是他会来的。
3.当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时,常作为一个整体来看,谓语动词用单数。
Five years is a long time to wait for an answer.为了等待一个答复4年时间够长的。
The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago.李白诗集很久以前就出版了。
25,000 miles is a long distance.两万五千里是很长的一段路程。
4.由and连接的两个并列主语一般谓语动词用复数。
如:Plastics and rubber never rot.塑料与橡皮永远不会腐烂。
注:当and连接的并列单数主语前分别有every, each, no, many a修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
In our country, every boy and every girl has the right to receiveeducation.在我们国家,男孩女孩都有受教育权。
Each man and each woman in this office is asked to attend the party.办公室里的人无论男女都被邀请出席晚会。
5.the +形容词可表示一类人或一类事物。
其谓语动词有所差异。
若表一类人作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。
若表一类事物作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
如:The old are well taken care of in China.在中国老人受到很好照顾。
The beautiful is loved by all.人人都爱美。
6.如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有“with”,“together”,“as well as”,“as much as ”,“no less than”,“along with”,“with”,“like”,“ratherthan”,“together with”,“but”,“except”,“besides”,“including”,“in addition to”等词时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
如The teacher as well as the students is looking forward to the summerholiday.老师与学生们都在盼望着暑假。
The factory, including its machines, was burnt last night.昨晚上这工厂及里边的机器全被烧掉了。
The mother along with her two children goes to the park.母亲与她的俩孩子要去公园。
7.“some of…”,“most of…”,“half of…”,“all of…”,“the rest of…”等表达形式出现在主语时,谓语的单复数由of后面的名词来决定,如:All of us are very tired.我们大家都累了。
All of the water has been drank.所有的水都被喝了。
The rest of the students are on the playground.其他学生在操场上。
The rest of the problem is very easy.这问题剩下的部分很简单。
8.如果主语由“more than one…或many a…”构成,尽管意义上是表复数内容,但谓语动词仍用单数形式。
More than one book has been sold.已出售的书不止一本。
Many a student wants to reduce home work.许多学生要求减少家庭作业。
9.what, who, which, any, more, most, all等代词可以是单数也可以是复数,主要靠句意来决定,如:10.注意区分“the number of…”与“A number of…”这两个作主语用的词组的意义不同,其谓语动词的单复数也不同。
请同学们仔细比较以下例子:The number of the students is decreasing.学生数量在下降。
A number of students came to look for you this morning.今天上午不少学生来找过你。
11.形复义单的名词作主语时只用单数谓语的名词有news, maths, physics, politics, works(工厂),economics等。
如:Physics is a fairly difficult subject.物理是一门相当难的学科。
Politics doesn’t interest me.政治没有引起我的兴趣。
12.某些集体名词,如family, team, class, group等词作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:His family is a three-good family.他家是三好家庭。
The whole team are going to take part in the Olympic Games.全队将参加奥林匹克运动会。
13.某些集体名词,如people, police, cattle, militia等,只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。
如:The police are searching for the escaped criminal.警察正在搜捕逃犯。
14.一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。
如glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。
但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of, a series of”等加名词构成时,谓语动词一般用单数。
如15.区分men of this kind与this kind of men这两者当主语时,前者的谓语动词用复数形式,后者用单数形式。
如This kind of men is dangerous.这种男人很危险。
Men of this kind are dangerous.这种男人是危险的。
16.在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
例如:On the wall hangs a picture.墙上挂着一幅画。
17.并列主语如果指的是同一个人,同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。
这时and后面的名词没有冠词。
如:Truth and honesty is the best policy.真诚是最好的策略。
The writer and teacher is quite popular among the students.既是作家又是教师的他深受学生的欢迎。
18.在“one of +复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中,关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,因此,从句中的动词应该是复数形式。
如:This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.注:当one之前有the only等修饰语时,关系代词的先行词是one,而不是靠近它的复数名词,因此从句的动词应是单数形式。
She is the only one of the girls who is late sometimes.她是唯一一个有时迟到的学生。
以下是有关主谓一致的一些配套练习。
因为对主谓一致来说,只需掌握规则便不存在什么理解问题。
所以仅提供练习及答案。
若有问题可参阅前面所讲述的规则。
1.The league Secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.is B.are C.has D.were2.Each man and each woman ______ asked to attend.A.are B.is C.has D.were3.Many a student ______ seen this painting.A.has B.have C.is seen D.sees4.Tom as well as two of his classmates ______ invited to the party.A.Was B.were C.has D.have5.Half of the apples ______ good.A.Is B.are C.was D.be6.“All______ present and all______ going on well.”our monitor said.A.is , is B.are, areC.is, are D.are, is7.Mary as well as her sisters______ Chinese in China.A.are studying B.have studiedC.studies D.study8.I, who_______ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study.A.be B.am, C.are D.is9.The rich______ not always happy.A.are B.is C.has D.have10.He is the only one of the students who______ elected.A.are B.have C.has D.is11.Chairman Mao’s works______ published.A.has been B.have beenC.was D.is12.Ten thousand dollars______ more than I can afford.A.has been B.have been C.is D.arekeys:1.A 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.D7.C 8.B 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.C。