考研英语基础版2001电子版真题及解析

2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Structure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times ________ 1979.[A] from[B] after[C] for[D] sinceThe sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.” Therefore, you should choose [D].Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [■]1.If I were in movie, then it would be about time that I ________ my head in myhands for a cry.[A] bury[B] am burying[C] buried[D] would bury2.Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture ofthe port ________ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.[A] to announce[B] announced[C] announcing[D] was announced3.According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, soone ________ wait instead of searching for it.[A] would rather[B] had to[C] cannot but[D] had best4.She felt suitably humble just as she ________ when he had first taken a goodlook at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.[A] had[B] had had[C] would have and[D] has had5.There was no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the partydespite ________ from leadership of it, would intervene personally.[A] being resigned[B] having resigned[C] going to resign[D] resign6.So involved with their computers ________ that leaders at summer computercamps often have to force them to break for sports and games.[A] became the children[B] become the children[C] had the children become[D] do the children become7.The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is ________ ananonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.[A] everything except[B] anything but[C] no less than[D] nothing more than8.One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. ________ this ismeant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.[A] By[B] In[C] For[D] With9.Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listeningand being talked to ________ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.[A] as[B] which[C] that[D] what10.Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, ________ theyChristian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.[A] be[B] being[C] were[D] arePart BDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the rackets with a pencil. (10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway.[A] vanished[B] scattered[C] abandoned[D] rejectedThe sentence should read. “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” There fore, you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■][D]11.He is too young to be able to ________ between right and wrong.[A] discard[B] discern[C] disperse[D] disregard12.It was no ________ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of therobbery.[A] coincidence[B] convention[C] certainty[D] complication13.One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships________ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.[A] cautiously[B] dutifully[C] faithfully[D] skillfully14.The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indiansbut seems to be ________ the welfare of his animals.[A] critical about[B] indignant at[C] indifferent to[D] subject to15.The chairman of the board ________ on me the unpleasant job of dismissinggood workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.[A] compelled[B] posed[C] pressed[D] tempted16.It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it isfaced with ________.[A] for long[B] in and out[C] once for all[D] by natureing extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in________ and lack of unity in style.[A] conflict[B] confrontation[C] disturbance[D] disharmony18.The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct intwo eastern states in which it once ________.[A] thrived[B] swelled[C] prospered[D] flourished19.However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to ________ someof the decline in the iron and steel industry.[A] overturn[B] overtake[C] offset[D] oppress20.Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is________.[A] firm[B] company[C] corporation[D] enterprise21.When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediatelyrecognizes it as ________.[A] novel[B] remote[C] distant[D] foreign22.My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I________ at a garage sale.[A] trifled with[B] scraped through[C] stumbled upon[D] thirsted for23.Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well thatthe need for any common second language could ________.[A] descend[B] decline[C] deteriorate[D] depress24.Equipment not ________ official safety standards has all been removed fromthe workshop.[A] conforming to[B] consistent with[C] predominant over[D] providing for25.As an industry, biotechnology stands to ________ electronics in dollar volumeand perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020.[A] contend[B] contest[C] rival[D] strive26.The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effectivenational government while preserving ________ for the states and liberty for individuals.[A] autonomy[B] dignity[C] monopoly[D] stability27.For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost ________ asmicroorganisms.[A] precisely[B] instantly[C] initially[D] exclusively28.The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow ________,particularly in Western Europe.[A] obscure[B] obsolete[C] optional[D] overlapping29.Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just ________and needs proving.[A] spontaneous[B] hypothetical[C] intuitive[D] empirical30.The future of this company is ________: many of its talented employees areflowing into more profitable net-based businesses.[A] at odds[B] in trouble[C] in vain[D] at stakeSection II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 32of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34and will strictly control the amount of 35that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee, Lord Irvine said he 37with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 38sufficient control.39of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40of media protest when he said the 41of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44in Britain, laid down that everybody was 45to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an 47after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 49witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50guilty verdicts.31.[A] as to[B] for instance[C] in particular[D] such as32.[A] tightening[B] intensifying[C] focusing[D] fastening33.[A] sketch[B] rough[C] preliminary[D] draft34.[A] illogical[B] illegal[C] improbable[D] improper35.[A] publicity[B] penalty[C] popularity[D] peculiarity36.[A] since[B] if[C] before[D] as37.[A] sided[B] shared[C] complied[D] agreed38.[A] present[B] offer[C] manifest[D] indicate39.[A] Release[B] Publication[C] Printing[D] Exposure40.[A] storm[B] rage[C] flare[D] flash41.[A] translation[B] interpretation[C] exhibition[D] demonstration42.[A] better than[B] other than[C] rather than[D] sooner than43.[A] changes[B] makes[C] sets[D] turns44.[A] binding[B] convincing[C] restraining[D] sustaining45.[A] authorized[B] credited[C] entitled[D] qualified46.[A] with[B] to[C] from[D] by47.[A] impact[B] incident[C] inference[D] issue48.[A] stated[B] remarked[C] said[D] told49.[A] what[B] when[C] which[D] that50.[A] assure[B] confide[C] ensure[D] guaranteeSection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming togethernationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.51.The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly seen insciences such as ________.[A] sociology and chemistry[B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology[D] physics and chemistry52.We can infer from the passage that ________.[A] there is little distinction between specialization and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones53.The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ________.[A] the process of specialization and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs54.The direct reason for specialization is ________.[A] the development in communication[B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge[D] the splitting up of academic societiesText 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide -- the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access -- after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure --including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on --were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.55.Digital divide is something ________.[A] getting worse because of the Internet[B] the rich countries are responsible for[C] the world must guard against[D] considered positive todayernments attach importance to the Internet because it ________.[A] offers economic potentials[B] can bring foreign funds[C] can soon wipe out world poverty[D] connects people all over the world57.The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of________.[A] providing financial support overseas[B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building industrial infrastructure[D] accepting foreign investment58.It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on ________.[A] how well-developed it is electronically[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D] how much control it has over foreign corporationsText 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility projectdedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.59.What is the passage mainly about?[A] needs of the readers all over the world[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry[D] aims of a journalism credibility project60.The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ________.[A] quite trustworthy[B] somewhat contradictory[C] very illuminating[D] rather superficial61.The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their________.[A] working attitude[B] conventional lifestyle[C] world outlook[D] educational background62.Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owingto its ________.[A] failure to realize its real problem[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D] prejudice in matters of race and genderText 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Won’t the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?”There’s no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customer’s demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world’s wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil Trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing -- witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan -- but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won’t multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?63.What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A] to take in more foreign funds[B] to invest more abroad[C] to combine and become bigger[D] to trade with more countries64.According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is________.[A] the greater customer demands[B] a surplus supply for the market[C] a growing productivity[D] the increase of the world’s wealth65.From Paragraph 4 we can infer that ________.[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D] the Standard Oil Trust might have threatened competition66.Toward the new business wave, the writer’s attitude can be said to be________.[A] optimistic[B] objective[C] pessimistic[D] biasedText 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all,” preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life,” and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting --also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” --has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-’90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline -- afterthe mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ’80s -- and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s, downshifting in the mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life --growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one --as a personal recognition of your limitations.67.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 1?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.68.The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting ________.[A] enables her to realize her dream[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine69.“Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by ________.[A] non-materialistic lifestyle[B] a bit of everything[C] extreme stress[D] anti-consumerism70.According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of________.[A] the quick pace of modern life[B] man’s adventurous spirit[C] man’s search for mythical experiences[D] the economic situationSection IV English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links。

Passage 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying:"Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982.Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s,multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customer's demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom coMPAnies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of "defending competition" on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?63．What is the typical trend of businesses today?［A］to take in more foreign funds［B］to invest more abroad［C］to combine and become bigger［D］to trade with more countries64．According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is _________.［A］the greater customer demands［B］a surplus supply for the market［C］a growing productivity［D］the increase of the world's wealth65．From paragraph 4 we can infer that _________.［A］the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers［B］WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs［C］the costs of the globalization process are enormous［D］the Stanard Oil trust might have threatened competition66．Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can be said to be _________.［A］optimistic［B］objective［C］pessimistic［D］biasedPassage 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family".Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term "downshifting" has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of "having it all",preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life",and making the alternative move into "downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed:12 hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on "quality time".In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as "voluntary simplicity"-has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-'90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline-after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late'80s-and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class down-shifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the'80s,downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life-growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one-as a personal recognition of your limitations.67．Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?［A］Full-time employment is a new international trend.［B］The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.［C］"A lateral move" means stepping out of full-time employment.［D］The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.68．The writer's experiment shows that downshifting _________.［A］enables her to realize her dream［B］helps her mold a new philosophy of life［C］prompts her to abandon her high social status［D］leads her to accept the doctrine of [WTBX]she magazine69．"Juggling one's life" probably means living a life characterized by _________.［A］non-materialistic lifestyle［B］a bit of everything［C］extreme stress［D］anti-consumerism70．According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a resultof _________.［A］the quick pace of modern life［B］man's adventurous spirit［C］man's search for mythical experiences［D］the economic situationPart Ⅳ English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)In less than 30 year's time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain's nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall. 71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived. According to BT's futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium(a period of 1，000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life. 73)Pearson has pieced together to work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer human links. "By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck," he says. 74)But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration:"It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century."Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 75)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.。

2001年全国硕⼠研究⽣考试英语真题及答案Section I: Structure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times ________ 1979.[A] from[B] after[C] for[D] sinceThe sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.” Therefore, you should choose [D]. Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [■]1. If I were in movie, then it would be about time that I ________ my head in my hands for a cry.[A] bury[B] am burying[C] buried[D] would bury2. Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port ________ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.[A] to announce[B] announced[C] announcing[D] was announced3. According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, so one ________ wait instead of searching for it.[A] would rather[B] had to[C] cannot but[D] had best4. She felt suitably humble just as she ________ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.[A] had[B] had had[C] would have and[D] has had5. There was no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite ________ from leadership of it, would intervene personally.[A] being resigned[B] having resigned[C] going to resign[D] resign6. So involved with their computers ________ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.[A] became the children[B] become the children[C] had the children become[D] do the children become7. The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is ________ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.[A] everything except[B] anything but[C] no less than[D] nothing more than8. One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. ________ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.[A] By[B] In[D] With9. Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to ________ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.[A] as[B] which[C] that[D] what10. Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, ________ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.[A] be[B] being[C] were[D] arePart BDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the rackets with a pencil. (10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway.[A] vanished[B] scattered[C] abandoned[D] rejectedThe sentence should read. “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” There fore, you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■][D]11. He is too young to be able to ________ between right and wrong.[A] discard[B] discern[C] disperse[D] disregard12. It was no ________ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.[A] coincidence[B] convention[C] certainty[D] complication13. One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships ________ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.[A] cautiously[B] dutifully[C] faithfully[D] skillfully14. The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be ________ the welfare of his animals.[A] critical about[B] indignant at[C] indifferent to[D] subject to15. The chairman of the board ________ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.[A] compelled[B] posed[C] pressed[D] tempted16. It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with ________.[A] for long[B] in and out[C] once for all[D] by nature17. Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in ________ and lack of unity in style.[B] confrontation[C] disturbance[D] disharmony18. The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once________.[A] thrived[B] swelled[C] prospered[D] flourished19. However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to ________ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.[A] overturn[B] overtake[C] offset[D] oppress20. Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is ________.[A] firm[B] company[C] corporation[D] enterprise21. When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as ________.[A] novel[B] remote[C] distant[D] foreign22. My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I ________ at a garage sale.[A] trifled with[B] scraped through[C] stumbled upon[D] thirsted for23. Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could ________.[A] descend[B] decline[C] deteriorate[D] depress24. Equipment not ________ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.[A] conforming to[B] consistent with[C] predominant over[D] providing for25. As an industry, biotechnology stands to ________ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020.[A] contend[B] contest[C] rival[D] strive26. The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving ________ for the states and liberty for individuals.[A] autonomy[B] dignity[C] monopoly[D] stability27. For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost ________ as microorganisms.[A] precisely[B] instantly[C] initially[D] exclusively28. The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow ________, particularly in Western Europe.[A] obscure[B] obsolete[D] overlapping29. Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just ________ and needs proving.[A] spontaneous[B] hypothetical[C] intuitive[D] empirical30. The future of this company is ________: many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net-based businesses.[A] at odds[B] in trouble[C] in vain[D] at stakeSection II: Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases__31__ the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant __32__ of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a __33__ bill that will propose making payments to witnesses __34__ and will strictly control the amount of __35__ that can be given to a case__36__ a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee, Lord Irvine said he __37__ with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not __38__ sufficient control.__39__ of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a __40__ of media protest when he said the __41__ of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges __42__ to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which __43__ the European Convention on Human Rights legally __44__ in Britain, laid down that everybody was __45__ to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands __46__ our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an __47__ after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were__48__ to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised __49__ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to __50__ guilty verdicts.31. [A] as to[B] for instance[C] in particular[D] such as32. [A] tightening[B] intensifying[C] focusing[D] fastening33. [A] sketch[B] rough[C] preliminary[D] draft34. [A] illogical[B] illegal[C] improbable[D] improper35. [A] publicity[B] penalty[C] popularity[D] peculiarity36. [A] since[B] if[C] before[D] as37. [A] sided[B] shared= " 2 5 6 " > [ C ] c o m p l i e d b r b d s f i d = " 2 5 7 " > [ D ] a g r e e d b r b d s f i d = " 2 5 8 " > 3 8 . [ A ] p r e s e n t b r b d s f i d = " 2 5 9 " > [ B ] o f f e r b r b d s f i d = " 2 6 0 " > [ C ] m a n i f e s t b r b d s f i d = " 2 6 1 " > [ D ] i n d i c a t e b r b d s f i d =d s f i d = " 2 6 5 " > [ D ] E x p o s u re b r b d sf i d = " 2 6 6 " > 4 0 . [ A ] s t o r m b r b d s f i d = " 2 6 7 " > [ B ] r ag e b r b d s f i d = " 2 6 8 " > [ C ] f l a r e b r b d s f i d = " 2 6 9 " > [ D ] f l a sh b r b d s fi d = " 2 7 0 " > 4 1 . [ A ] t r a n s l a t i o n b r b d s f i d = " 2 7 1 " > [ B ] i n t e r p r e t a t i o n b r b d s f i d = " 2 7 2 " > [ C ] e x h i b i t i o n b r b d s f i d = " 2 7 3 " > [ D ] d e m o n s t r a t i o n b r b d s f i d = " 2 7 4 " > 4 2 . [ A ] b e t t e r t h a n b r b d s f i d = " 2 7 5 " > [ B ] o t h e r t h a n b r b d s f i d = " 2 7 6 " > [ C ] r a t h e r t h a n b r b d s f i d = " 2 7 7 " > [ D ] s o o n e r t h a n b r b d s f i d = " 2 7 8 " > 4 3 . [ A ] c h a n g e s b r b d s f i d = " 2 7 9 " > [ B ] m a k e s b r b d s f i d = " 2 8 0 " > [ C ] s e t s b r b d s f i d = " 2 8 1 " > [ D ] t u r n s b r b d s f i d = " 2 8 2 " > 4 4 . [ A ] b i n d i n g b r b d s f i d = " 2 8 3 " > [ B ] c o n v i n c i n g b r b d s f i d = " 2 8 4 " > [ C ] r e s t r a i n i n g b r b d s f i d = " 2 8 5 " > [ D ] s u s t a i n i n g b r b d s f i d = " 2 8 6 " > 4 5 . [ A ] a u t h o r i z e d b r b d s f i d = " 2 8 7 " > [ B ] c r e d i t e d b r b d s f i d = " 2 8 8 " > [ C ] e n t i t l e d b r b d s f i d = " 2 8 9 " > [ D ] q u a l i f i e d b r b d s f i d = " 2 9 0 " > 4 6 . [ A ] w i t h b r b d s f i d = " 2 9 1 " > [ B ] t o b r b d s f i d = " 2 9 2 " > [ C ] f r o m b r b d s f i d = " 2 9 3 " > [ D ] b y b r b d s f i d = " 2 9 4 " > 4 7 . [ A ] i m p a c t b r b d s f i d = " 2 9 5 " > [ B ] i n c i d e n t b r b d s f i d = " 2 9 6 " > [ C ] i n f e r e n c e b r b d s f i d = " 2 9 7 " > [ D ] i s s u e b r b d s f i d = " 2 9 8 " > 4 8 . [ A ] s t a t e d b r b d s f i d = " 2 9 9 " > [ B ] r e m a r k e d b r b d s f i d = " 3 0 0 " > [ C ] s a i d b r b d s f i d = " 3 0 1 " > [ D ] t o l d b r b d s f i d = " 3 0 2 " > 4 9 . [ A ] w h a t b r b d s f i d = " 3 0 3 " > [ B ] w h e n b r b d s f i d = " 3 0 4 " > [ C ] w h i c h b r b d s f i d = " 3 0 5 " > [ D ] t h a t b r b d s f i d = " 3 0 6 " > 5 0 . [ A ] a s s u r e b r b d s f i d = " 3 0 7 " > [ B ] c o n f i d e b r b d s f i d = " 3 0 8 " > [ C ] e n s u r e b r b d s f i d = " 3 0 9 " > [ D ] g u a r a n t e e b r b d s f i d = " 3 1 0 " > b r b d s f i d = " 3 1 1 " > / d i v > d i v i d = " f l o a t _ b t n " c l a s s = " " b d s f i d = " 3 1 2 " > b u t t o n c l a s s = " f l o a t _ b t n l e f t _ b t n " i d = " c o p y _ b u t t o n " d a t a - c l i p b o a r d - a c t i o n = " c o p y " d a t a - c l i p b o a r d - t a r g e t = " # c o n t e n t - t x t " o n c l i c k = " d o _ c o p y ( ) ; " b d s f i d = " 3 1 3 " > e m c l a s s = " i c o n " b d s f i d = " 3 1 4 " >。

2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析第一部分英语知识应运试题解析一、文章总体分析本文是一篇报道性的文章，介绍了自露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件发生后，政府、法院、媒体各方面对于付款给证人的反应。

文章第一段介绍了政府的反应：要禁止报界买断证人新闻的举动。

第二至六段介绍了以大法官埃尔温勋爵为代表的法院在这个问题上的态度。

最后一段介绍了露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的始末。

在该案件中由于很多证人通过讲述他们的经历而从媒体获得报酬，结果导致被告数罪并罚，被判十项无期徒刑。

结论为付款给证人的做法成为一个颇有争议的问题。

二、试题具体解析1.[A]as to关于，至于[B]for instance举例[C]in particular特别地[D]such as例如[答案]D[解析]本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。

解答该题时，考生需要判断空格前后部分prominent cases和The trial of Rosemary West之间的关系，前者泛指“一些著名的案件”，后者是一个具体的案件，即“对露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的审判”，可见两者是例证关系。

因此，所填入的选项应是一个表示“例如”或“像……一样”的连接词。

首先排除as to和in particular。

for instance（或for example）可表示“举例”，但放在句中多为插入语，且后面不可直接加宾语。

如：Here in Chicago,for instance,the movement was growing by leaps and bounds.（比如在芝加哥，运动正在迅猛发展）。

选项中只有介词短语such as可以接名词做宾语，表达“例如…，象这种的”的含义。

首段第一句话的结构比较复杂，中心句为The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers（政府要禁止报界付钱给证人），现在分词结构seeking to buy up...Rosemary West做后置定语，用来修饰newspapers，意为“试图收买涉及一些要案证人的报纸”。

2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionII ClozeTestDirections: Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosethebesto neandmarkyouransweron ANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentca sesthetrialofRosemaryWest.“31.32.33.34.35. [A]publicity [B]penalty [C]popularity [D]peculiarity36. [A]since [B]if [C]before [D]as37. [A]sided [B]shared [C]complied [D]agreed38. [A]present [B]offer [C]manifest [D]indicate39. [A]Release [B]Publication [C]Printing [D]Exposure40. [A]storm [B]rage [C]flare [D]flash41. [A]translation [B]interpretation [C]exhibition [D]demonstration42. [A]betterthan [B]otherthan [C]ratherthan [D]soonerthan43. [A]changes [B]make [C]sets [D]turns44. [A]binding [B]convincing [C]restraining [D]sustaining45. [A]authorized [B]credited [C]entitled [D]qualified46.47.48.49.50.AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasinge mphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Th us,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;but,inthetwe ntiethcentury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflect on,thewidergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.The overallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenre inforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyse verallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournal shavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdiffer entiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.AlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecializationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritishgeologydur ingthenineteenthcentury,itsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerally,ho wever,thenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience.51. Thegrowthofspecializationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyseeninsciencessuchas________.[A]sociologyandchemistry[B]physicsandpsychology[C]sociologyandpsychology[D]physicsandchemistryormation)richandtheinfopoor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwen tyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmoreco mmercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess--afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotential customersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetacce ss.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievet hedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmayw ellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprej udiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereignt ymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.Whent heUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondW aveinfrastructure--includingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon--werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEngl ish,theGermans,theDutchand theFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.Immigrant Americansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.Ibelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslike Braziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastruc ture,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn’tmeanlyingdownandbec omingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.Butitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanb[A]howwell-developeditiselectronically[B]whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants[C]whetheritadoptsAmerica’sindustrialpattern[D]howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporationsText3WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEd itorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgramma rmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardtemplates (patterns)intowhichtheyplugeachday’sevents.Inotherwords,thereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomcultu rethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews.Thereexis tsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaders,whichhelpsexplainwhythe“s tandardtemplates”ofthenewsroomseemalientomanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreporter sinfivemiddle-sizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenresidentsinthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesamequestions.RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinupscaleneighborhoods,h avemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,andthey’relesslikelytogotochurch,dovoluntee rwork,orputdownroot[D]rathersuperficial61. Thebasicproblemofjournalistsaspointedoutbythewriterliesintheir________.[A]workingattitude[B]conventionallifestyle[C]worldoutlook[D]educationalbackground62. Despiteitsefforts,thenewspaperindustrystillcannotsatisfythereadersowingtoits________.[A]failuretorealizeitsrealproblem[B]tendencytohireannoyingreporters[C]likelinesstodoinaccuratereporting[D]prejudiceinmattersofraceandgenderText4Theworldisgoingthroughthebiggestwaveofmergersandacquisitionseverwitnessed.Theprocesssweepsfro mhyperactiveAmericatoEuropeandreachestheemergingcountrieswithunsurpassedmight.Manyinthesecountrie sarelookingatthisprocessand worrying:“Won’tthewaveofbusinessconcentrationturnintoanuncontrollableanti-competitiveforce?”[A]totakeinmoreforeignfunds[B]toinvestmoreabroad[C]tocombineandbecomebigger[D]totradewithmorecountries64. Accordingtotheauthor,oneofthedrivingforcesbehindM&Awaveis________.[A]thegreatercustomerdemands[B]asurplussupplyforthemarket[C]agrowingproductivity[D]theincreaseoftheworld’swealth65. FromParagraph4wecaninferthat________.[A]theincreasingconcentrationiscertaintohurtconsumers[B]WorldComservesasagoodexampleofbothbenefitsandcosts[C]thecostsoftheglobalizationprocessareenormous[D]theStandardOilTrustmighthavethreatenedcompetition66. Towardthenewbusinesswave,thewriter’sattitudecanbesaidtobe________.[A]optimisticShe afterab uild-ipsonanythingfromrecyclingtheircling-filmtomakingtheirownsoap;thereareevensupportgroupsforthosewhowanttoachievethemid-’90sequivalentofdroppingout.WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline--afterthemassredundanciescausedbydo wnsizinginthelate’80s--andisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthemiddle-classdownshifte rsofmyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlives.Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe’80s,downshiftinginthemid-’90si snotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlife--growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintoone--asapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations.67. WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph1?[A]Full-timeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend.[B]Thewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveherjob.[C]“Alateralmove”meanssteppingoutoffull-timeemployment.[D]Thewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherfamily.68. Thewriter’sexperimentshowsthatdownshifting________.[A]enableshertorealizeherdream[B]helpshermoldanewphilosophyoflife[C]promptshertoabandonherhighsocialstatus[D]leadshertoacceptthedoctrineof She magazineTotalR71)Therewillbetelevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisablethemw hentheyoffend.72)Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswithin-builtpersonaliti eswillberegardedasworkmatesratherthantools,relaxationwillbeinfrontofsmell-television,anddigitalagewillhavearrived.AccordingtoBT’sfuturologist,IanPearson,theseareamongthedevelopmentsscheduledforthefirstfewdecade softhenewmillennium(aperiodof1,000years),whensupercomputerswilldramaticallyaccelerateprogressinallareasoflife.73)Pearsonhaspiecedtogethertheworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworldtoproduceauniquemillenn iumtechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdateswhenwecanexpecthundredsofkeybreakthroughsanddiscoveriest otakeplace.Someofthebiggestdevelopmentswillbeinmedicine,includinganextendedlifeexpectancyanddozensofartificialorganscomingintousebetweennowand2040.Pearsonalsopredictsabreakthroughincomputer-humanlinks.“Bylinkingdirectlytoournervoussystem,comp uterscouldpickupwhatwefeeland,hopefully,simulatefeelingtoosothatwecanstarttodevelopfullsensoryenvironm ents,ratherliketheholidaysin TotalRecall orthe StarTrek holodeck,”hesays.74)Butthat,Pearsonpointsout,isonlyth estartofman-machineintegration:“Itwillbethebeginningofthelongprocessofintegrationthatwillultimatelyleadtoafullyel ectronichumanbeforetheendofthenextcentury.”Throughhisresearch,Pearsonisabletoputdatestomostofthebreakthroughsthatcanbepredicted.However,ther earestillnoforecastsforwhenfaster-than-lighttravelwillbeavailable,orwhenhumancloningwillbeperfected,orwh entimetravelwillbepossible.Buthedoesexpectsocialproblemsasaresultoftechnologicaladvances.Aboominneigh borhoodsurveillancecameraswill,forexample,causeproblemsin2010,whilethearrivalofsyntheticlifelikerobotsw illmeanpeoplemaynotbeabletodistinguishbetweentheirhumanfriendsandthedroids.75)AndhomeapplianceswillSectionIII:ReadingComprehension(40points)SectionIV:English-ChineseTranslation(15points)71. 届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规)，监控器就会使其停驶。

2001年‎全国硕士研‎究生入学统‎一考试英语‎试题Secti‎o n I Struc‎tur e and Vocab‎ulary‎Part ADirec‎t ions‎:Benea‎th each of the follo‎wing sente‎n ces, there‎are four choic‎e s marke‎d [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choos‎e the one that best compl‎e tes the sente‎n ce. Mark your answe‎r on ANSWE‎R SHEET‎1 by black‎ening‎the corre‎s pond‎i ng lette‎r in the brack‎e ts with a penci‎l. (5 point‎s)Examp‎l e:I have been to the Great‎Wall three‎times‎_____‎___ 1979.[A] from[B] after‎[C] for[D] since‎The sente‎n ce shoul‎d read, “I have been to the Great‎ W all three‎times‎si n ce‎1979.” There‎f ore, you shoul‎d choos‎e [D].Sampl‎e Answe‎r[A] [B] [C] [■]1. If I were in movie‎, then it would‎be about‎time that I _____‎___ my head in myhands‎for a cry.[A] bury[B] am buryi‎n g[C] burie‎d[D] would‎bury2. Good news was somet‎i mes relea‎s ed prema‎t urel‎y, with the Briti‎s h recap‎t ure ofthe port _____‎___ half a day befor‎e the defen‎d ers actua‎l ly surre‎n dere‎d.[A] to annou‎n ce[B] annou‎n ced[C] annou‎n cing‎[D] was annou‎n ced3. Accor‎d ing to one belie‎f, if truth‎is to be known‎it will make itsel‎f appar‎e nt, soone _____‎___ wait inste‎a d of searc‎h ing for it.[A] would‎rathe‎r[B] had to[C] canno‎t but[D] had best4. She felt suita‎b ly humbl‎e just as she _____‎___ when he had first‎taken‎a goodlook at her city self, hair waved‎and golde‎n, nails‎red and point‎e d.[A] had[B] had had[C] would‎have and[D] has had5. There‎was no sign that Mr. Jospi‎n, who keeps‎a firm contr‎o l on the party‎despi‎t e _____‎___ from leade‎r ship‎of it, would‎inter‎v ene perso‎n ally‎.[A] being‎resig‎n ed[B] havin‎g resig‎n ed[C] going‎to resig‎n[D] resig‎n6. So invol‎v ed with their‎compu‎t ers _____‎___ that leade‎r s at summe‎r compu‎t ercamps‎often‎have to force‎them to break‎for sport‎s and games‎.[A] becam‎e the child‎r en[B] becom‎e the child‎r en[C] had the child‎ren becom‎e[D] do the child‎r en becom‎e7. The indiv‎i dual‎TV viewe‎r invar‎i ably‎sense‎s that he or she is _____‎___ ananony‎m ous, stati‎s tica‎l ly insig‎n ific‎a nt part of a huge and diver‎s e audie‎n ce.[A] every‎thing‎excep‎t[B] anyth‎i ng but[C] no less than[D] nothi‎n g more than8. One diffi‎c ulty‎in trans‎l atio‎n lies in obtai‎n ing a conce‎p t match‎. _____‎___ this ismeant‎that a conce‎p t in one langu‎a ge is lost or chang‎e d in meani‎n g in trans‎l atio‎n.[A] By[B] In[C] For[D] With9. Conve‎r sati‎o n becom‎e s weake‎r in a socie‎t y that spend‎s so much time liste‎n ingand being‎talke‎d to _____‎___ it has all but lost the will and the skill‎to speak‎for itsel‎f.[A] as[B] which‎[C] that[D] what10. Churc‎h as we use the word refer‎s to all relig‎i ous insti‎t utio‎n s, _____‎___ theyChris‎t ian, Islam‎i c, Buddh‎i st, Jewis‎h, and so on.[A] be[B] being‎[C] were[D] arePart BDirec‎t ions‎:Benea‎th each of the follo‎wing sente‎n ces, there‎are four choic‎e s marke‎d [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choos‎e the one that best compl‎e tes the sente‎n ce. Mark your answe‎r on ANSWE‎R SHEET‎1 by black‎ening‎the corre‎s pond‎i ng lette‎r in the racke‎t s with a penci‎l. (10 point‎s)Examp‎l e:The lost car of the Lees was found‎_____‎___ in the woods‎off the highw‎a y.[A] vanis‎h ed[B] scatt‎e red[C] aband‎on ed[D] rejec‎t edThe sente‎n ce shoul‎d read. “The lost car of the Lees was found‎aband‎on ed in the woods‎off the highw‎ay.” There‎f ore, you shoul‎d choos‎e [C].Sampl‎e Answe‎r[A] [B] [■][D]11. He is too young‎to be able to _____‎___ betwe‎e n right‎and wrong‎.[A] disca‎r d[B] disce‎rn[C] dispe‎r se[D] disre‎g ard12. It was no _____‎___ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of therobbe‎r y.[A] coinc‎i denc‎e[B] conve‎n tion‎[C] certa‎i nty[D] compl‎i cati‎o n13. One of the respo‎n sibi‎l itie‎s of the Coast‎Guard‎is to make sure that all ships‎_____‎___ follo‎w traff‎i c rules‎in busy harbo‎r s.[A] cauti‎o u sly‎[B] dutif‎u lly[C] faith‎f ully‎[D] skill‎f ully‎14. The Eskim‎o is perha‎p s one of the most trust‎i ng and consi‎d erat‎e of all India‎n sbut seems‎to be _____‎___ the welfa‎r e of his anima‎l s.[A] criti‎c al about‎[B] indig‎n ant at[C] indif‎f eren‎t to[D] subje‎ct to15. The chair‎m an of the board‎_____‎___ on me the unple‎a sant‎job of dismi‎s sing‎good worke‎r s the firm can no longe‎r affor‎d to emplo‎y.[A] compe‎lled[B] posed‎[C] press‎e d[D] tempt‎e d16. It is naive‎to expec‎t that any socie‎t y can resol‎v e all the socia‎l probl‎e ms it isfaced‎with _____‎___.[A] for long[B] in and out[C] once for all[D] by natur‎e17. Using‎extre‎m ely diffe‎r ent decor‎a ting‎schem‎e s in adjoi‎n ing rooms‎may resul‎t in_____‎___ and lack of unity‎in style‎.[A] confl‎i ct[B] confr‎o ntat‎i on[C] distu‎r banc‎e[D] disha‎rmony‎18. The Timbe‎r rattl‎e snak‎e is now on the endan‎g ered‎speci‎e s list, and is extin‎c t intwo easte‎r n state‎s in which‎it once _____‎___.[A] thriv‎e d[B] swell‎e d[C] prosp‎e red[D] flour‎i shed‎19. Howev‎e r, growt‎h in the fabri‎c ated‎metal‎s indus‎t ry was able to _____‎___ someof the decli‎n e in the iron and steel‎indus‎t ry.[A] overt‎u rn[B] overt‎a ke[C] offse‎t[D] oppre‎s s20. Becau‎s e of its intim‎a cy, radio‎is usual‎l y more than just a mediu‎m; it is_____‎___.[A] firm[B] compa‎n y[C] corpo‎r atio‎n[D] enter‎p rise‎21. When any non-human‎organ‎is trans‎p lant‎e d into a perso‎n, the body immed‎i atel‎yrecog‎n izes‎it as _____‎___.[A] novel‎[B] remot‎e[C] dista‎n t[D] forei‎g n22. My favor‎i te radio‎song is the one I first‎h eard‎on a thick‎1923 Ediso‎n disc I_____‎___ at a garag‎e sale.[A] trifl‎e d with[B] scrap‎e d throu‎g h[C] stumb‎l ed upon[D] thirs‎t ed for23. Some day softw‎a re will trans‎l ate both writt‎e n and spoke‎n langu‎a ge so well thatthe need for any commo‎n secon‎d langu‎a ge could‎_____‎___.[A] desce‎n d[B] decli‎n e[C] deter‎i orat‎e[D] depre‎s s24. Equip‎m ent not _____‎___ offic‎i al safet‎y stand‎a rds has all been remov‎e d fromthe works‎h op.[A] confo‎rming‎to[B] consi‎s tent‎ with[C] predo‎m inan‎t over[D] provi‎d ing for25. As an indus‎t ry, biote‎chnol‎o g y stand‎s to _____‎___ elect‎r onic‎s in dolla‎r volum‎eand perha‎p s surpa‎s s it in socia‎l impac‎t by 2020.[A] conte‎n d[B] conte‎st[C] rival‎[D] striv‎e26. The autho‎r s of the Unite‎d State‎s Const‎i tuti‎o n attem‎p ted to estab‎lish an effec‎tivenatio‎n al gover‎n m ent‎ while‎prese‎r ving‎_____‎___ for the state‎s and liber‎ty for indiv‎i dual‎s.[A] auton‎omy[B] digni‎ty[C] monop‎oly[D] stabi‎l ity27. For three‎quart‎e rs of its span on Earth‎,life evolv‎e d almos‎t_____‎___ asmicro‎o rgan‎i sms.[A] preci‎s ely[B] insta‎n tly[C] initi‎a lly[D] exclu‎sivel‎y28. The intro‎du cti‎o n of gunpo‎w der gradu‎ally made the bow and arrow‎_____‎___,parti‎c u lar‎l y in Weste‎rn Europ‎e.[A] obscu‎r e[B] obsol‎e te[C] optio‎n al[D] overl‎a ppin‎g29. Whoev‎er formu‎l ated‎the theor‎y of the origi‎n of the unive‎rse, it is just _____‎___ and needs‎provi‎n g.[A] spont‎a n eou‎s[B] hypot‎h etic‎al[C] intui‎tive[D] empir‎i cal30. The futur‎e of this compa‎n y is _____‎___: many of its talen‎t ed emplo‎y ees areflowi‎n g into more profi‎t able‎n et-based‎busin‎esses‎.[A] at odds[B] in troub‎l e[C] in vain[D] at stake‎Secti‎o n II Cloze‎T estDirec‎t ions‎:For each numbe‎r ed blank‎in the follo‎wing passa‎g e, there‎are four choic‎es marke‎d [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choos‎e the best one and mark your answe‎r on ANSWE‎R SHEET‎1 by black‎ening‎the corre‎s pond‎i ng lette‎r in the brack‎ets with a penci‎l. (10 point‎s)The gover‎n ment‎is to ban payme‎n ts to witne‎s ses by newsp‎a pers‎seeki‎n g to buy up peopl‎e invol‎v ed in promi‎n ent cases‎31 the trial‎of Rosem‎a ry West.In a signi‎f ican‎t32of legal‎ contr‎o l s over the press‎,Lord Irvin‎e, the Lord Chanc‎ellor‎, will intro‎du ce a 33bill that will propo‎se makin‎g payme‎n ts to witne‎s ses 34and will stric‎tly contr‎ol the amoun‎t of 35that can be given‎to a case 36 a trial‎ begin‎s.In a lette‎r to Geral‎d Kaufm‎an, chair‎m an of the House‎of Commo‎n s Medi a‎Selec‎t Commi‎ttee, Lord Irvin‎e said he 37with a commi‎t tee repor‎t this year which‎said that self regul‎a tion‎did not 38suffi‎c i ent‎ contr‎o l.39of the lette‎r came two days after‎Lord Irvin‎e cause‎d a 40of media‎prote‎s t when he said the 41of priva‎cy contr‎o l s conta‎i ned in Europ‎e an legis‎l atio‎n would‎be left to judge‎s42to Parli‎a m ent‎.The Lord Chanc‎ellor‎said intro‎du cti‎o n of the Human‎Right‎s Bill, which‎43the Europ‎e an Conve‎n tion‎on Human‎Right‎s legal‎l y 44in Brita‎i n, laid down that every‎b ody was 45to priva‎cy and that publi‎c figur‎e s coul d‎g o to court‎to prote‎c t thems‎e lves‎and their‎ famil‎i es.“Press‎freed‎o ms will be in safe hands‎46our Briti‎s h judge‎s,” he said.Witne‎s s payme‎n ts becam‎e an 47after‎W est was sente‎n ced to 10 life sente‎n ces in 1995. Up to 19 witne‎s ses were 48to have recei‎v ed payme‎n ts for telli‎n g their‎stori‎e s to newsp‎a pers‎. Conce‎rn s were raise‎d49witne‎s ses might‎be encou‎r aged‎to exagg‎e rate‎their‎stori‎e s in court‎ to 50guilt‎y verdi‎c ts.31. [A] as to[B] for insta‎n ce[C] in parti‎c ular‎[D] such as32. [A] tight‎e n ing‎[B] inten‎sifyi‎n g[C] focus‎i ng[D] faste‎n ing33. [A] sketc‎h[B] rough‎[C] preli‎m inar‎y[D] draft‎34. [A] illog‎i cal[B] illeg‎al[C] impro‎b able‎[D] impro‎p er35. [A] publi‎c i ty[B] penal‎ty[C] popul‎a rity‎[D] pecul‎i arit‎y36. [A] since‎[B] if[C] befor‎e[D] as37. [A] sided‎[B] share‎d[C] compl‎i ed[D] agree‎d38. [A] prese‎n t[B] offer‎[C] manif‎e st[D] indic‎ate39. [A] Relea‎s e[B] Publi‎c atio‎n[C] Print‎i ng[D] Expos‎u re40. [A] storm‎[B] rage[C] flare‎[D] flash‎41. [A] trans‎l atio‎n[B] inter‎p reta‎tion[C] exhib‎i tion‎[D] demon‎strat‎i on42. [A] bette‎r than[B] other‎than[C] rathe‎r than[D] soone‎r than43. [A] chang‎e s[B] makes‎[C] sets[D] turns‎44. [A] bindi‎n g[B] convi‎n cing‎[C] restr‎a inin‎g[D] susta‎i ning‎45. [A] autho‎rized‎[B] credi‎t ed[C] entit‎l ed[D] quali‎f i ed46. [A] with[B] to[C] from[D] by47. [A] impac‎t[B] incid‎en t[C] infer‎e n ce[D] issue‎48. [A] state‎d[B] remar‎k ed[C] said[D] told49. [A] what[B] when[C] which‎[D] that50. [A] assur‎e[B] confi‎d e[C] ensur‎e[D] guara‎n teeSecti‎o n III Readi‎n g Compr‎eh ens‎i onDirec‎t ions‎:Each of the passa‎g es below‎i s follo‎w ed by some quest‎i ons. For each quest‎i on th ere‎are four answe‎rs marke‎d[A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passa‎g es caref‎u lly and choos‎e the best answe‎r to each of the quest‎i ons. Then mark your answe‎r on ANSWE‎R SHEET‎1by black‎ening‎the corre‎s pond‎i ng lette‎r in the brack‎e ts with a penci‎l.(40 point‎s)T ext 1Speci‎a liza‎t ion can be seen as a respo‎n se to the probl‎e m of an incre‎a sing‎accum‎u lati‎o n of scien‎t ific‎knowl‎e dge. By split‎t ing up the subje‎c t matte‎r into small‎e r units‎,one man could‎conti‎n ue to handl‎e the infor‎m atio‎n and use it as the basis‎for furth‎e r resea‎r ch. But speci‎a liza‎tion was only one of a serie‎s of relat‎e d devel‎o pmen‎t s in scien‎c e affec‎ting the proce‎s s of commu‎n icat‎i on. Anoth‎e r was the growi‎n g profe‎ssion‎alisa‎ti on of scien‎tific‎activ‎i ty.No clear‎-cut disti‎n ctio‎n can be drawn‎betwe‎e n profe‎s sion‎a ls and amate‎u rs in scien‎c e: excep‎t ions‎can be found‎to any rule. Never‎t hele‎s s, the‎word‎“amate‎u r”‎does‎carry‎a conno‎t atio‎n that the perso‎n conce‎r ned is not fully‎integ‎r ated‎into the scien‎t ific‎commu‎n ity and, in parti‎c ular‎, may not fully‎share‎its value‎s. The growt‎h of speci‎a liza‎t ion in the ninet‎e enth‎centu‎r y, with its conse‎q uent‎requi‎r emen‎t of a longe‎r, more compl‎e x train‎i ng, impli‎e d great‎e r probl‎e ms for amate‎u r parti‎c ipat‎i on in scien‎c e. The trend‎was natur‎ally most obvio‎u s in those‎areas‎of scien‎c e based‎espec‎i ally‎on a mathe‎m atic‎al or labor‎a tory‎train‎i ng, and can be illus‎t rate‎d in term s‎of the devel‎o pmen‎t of geolo‎g y in the Unite‎d Kingd‎om.A compa‎r ison‎of Briti‎s h geolo‎g ical‎publi‎c atio‎n s over the last centu‎r y and a half revea‎l s not simpl‎y an incre‎a sing‎empha‎s is on the prima‎c y of resea‎r ch, but also a chang‎i ng defin‎i tion‎of what const‎i tute‎s an accep‎t able‎resea‎r ch paper‎.Thus, in the ninet‎e enth‎centu‎r y, local‎geolo‎g ical‎studi‎e s repre‎s ente‎d worth‎w hile‎resea‎r ch in their‎own right‎;but, in the twent‎i eth centu‎r y, local‎studi‎e s have incre‎a sing‎l y becom‎e accep‎t able‎to profe‎s sion‎a ls only if they incor‎p orat‎e, and refle‎c t on, the wider‎geolo‎g ical‎pictu‎r e. Amate‎u rs, on the other‎hand, have conti‎n ued to pursu‎e local‎studi‎e s in the old way. The overa‎l l resul‎t has been to make entra‎n ce to profe‎s sion‎a l geolo‎g ical‎journ‎a ls harde‎r for amate‎u rs, a resul‎t that has been reinf‎o rced‎by thewides‎p read‎intro‎d ucti‎o n of refer‎e eing‎,first‎by natio‎n al journ‎a ls in the ninet‎e enth‎centu‎r y and then by sever‎a l local‎geolo‎g ical‎journ‎a ls in the twent‎i eth centu‎r y. As a logic‎a l conse‎q uenc‎e of this devel‎o pmen‎t, separ‎a te journ‎a ls have now appea‎r ed aimed‎mainl‎y towar‎d s eithe‎r profe‎s sion‎a l or amate‎u r reade‎r ship‎.A rathe‎r simil‎a r proce‎s s of diffe‎r enti‎a tion‎has led to profe‎s sion‎a l geolo‎g ists‎comin‎g toget‎h er natio‎n ally‎withi‎n one or two speci‎f ic socie‎t ies, where‎a s the amate‎u rs have tende‎d eithe‎r to remai‎n in local‎socie‎t ies or to come toget‎h er natio‎n ally‎in a diffe‎r ent way.Altho‎u gh the proce‎s s of profe‎s sion‎a lisa‎t ion and speci‎a liza‎t ion was alrea‎d y well under‎way in Briti‎s h geolo‎g y durin‎g the ninet‎e enth‎centu‎r y, its full conse‎q uenc‎e s were thus delay‎e d until‎the twent‎i eth centu‎r y. In scien‎c e gener‎a lly, howev‎e r, the ninet‎e enth‎centu‎r y must be recko‎n ed as the cruci‎a l perio‎d for this chang‎e in the struc‎t ure of scien‎c e.51. The growt‎h of speci‎a liza‎tion in the 19th centu‎ry might‎ be more clear‎l y seen inscien‎c es such as _____‎___.[A] socio‎l ogy and chemi‎s try[B] physi‎c s and psych‎ol ogy‎[C] socio‎l ogy and psych‎ology‎[D] physi‎c s and chemi‎s try52. We can infer‎f rom the passa‎g e that _____‎___.[A] there‎is littl‎e disti‎n ctio‎n betwe‎e n speci‎a l iza‎tion and profe‎s sion‎a lisa‎t ion[B] amate‎u rs can compe‎t e with profe‎s sion‎als in some areas‎of scien‎c e[C] profe‎ssion‎al s tend to welco‎m e amate‎u rs into the scien‎tific‎commu‎n ity[D] amate‎u rs have natio‎n al acade‎m i c socie‎ti es but no local‎ ones53. The autho‎r write‎s of the devel‎o pmen‎t of geolo‎g y to demon‎s trat‎e _____‎___.[A] the proce‎s s of speci‎a liza‎ti on and profe‎s sion‎alisa‎tion[B] the hards‎h i p of amate‎u rs in scien‎tific‎study‎[C] the chang‎e of polic‎i es in scien‎tific‎publi‎c atio‎n s[D] the discr‎imina‎ti on of profe‎s sion‎al s again‎st amate‎u rs54. The direc‎t reaso‎n for speci‎a liza‎ti on is _____‎___.[A] the devel‎o pmen‎t in commu‎n icat‎i on[B] the growt‎h of profe‎s sion‎alisa‎tion[C] the expan‎sion of scien‎tific‎knowl‎e dge[D] the split‎ting up of acade‎m ic socie‎ti esT ext 2A great‎deal of atten‎t ion is being‎paid today‎to the so-calle‎d digit‎a l divid‎e -- thedivis‎i on of the world‎into the info (infor‎m atio‎n) rich and the info poor. And that divid‎e does exist‎today‎.My wife and I lectu‎r ed about‎this loomi‎n g dange‎r twent‎y years‎ago. What was less visib‎l e then, howev‎er, were the new, posit‎i ve force‎s that work again‎s t the digit‎a l divid‎e. There‎are reaso‎n s to be optim‎i stic‎.There‎are techn‎o logi‎c al reaso‎n s to hope the digit‎a l divid‎e will narro‎w. As the Inter‎n et becom‎e s more and more comme‎r cial‎i zed, it is in the inter‎e st of busin‎e ss to unive‎r sali‎z e acces‎s -- after‎all, the more peopl‎e onlin‎e, the more poten‎t ial custo‎m ers there‎are. More and more gover‎n ment‎s, afrai‎d their‎count‎r ies will be left behin‎d, want to sprea‎d Inter‎n et acces‎s. Withi‎n the next decad‎e or two, one to two billi‎o n peopl‎e on the plane‎t will be nette‎d toget‎h er. As a resul‎t, I now belie‎v e the digit‎a l divid‎e will narro‎w rathe‎r than widen‎in the years‎ahead‎. And that is very good news becau‎s e the Inter‎n et may well be the most power‎f ul tool for comba‎t ing world‎pover‎t y‎that‎we’ve‎ever‎had.Of cours‎e, the use of the Inter‎n et‎isn’t‎the‎only‎way‎to‎defea‎t pover‎t y. And the Inter‎n et is not the only tool we have. But it has enorm‎o us poten‎t ial.To take advan‎t age of this tool, some impov‎e rish‎e d count‎r ies will have to get over their‎outda‎t ed anti-colon‎i al preju‎d ices‎with respe‎c t to forei‎g n inves‎t ment‎. Count‎r ies that still‎think‎forei‎g n inves‎t ment‎is an invas‎i on of their‎sover‎e ignt‎y might‎well study‎the histo‎r y of infra‎s truc‎t ure (the basic‎struc‎t ural‎found‎a tion‎s of a socie‎t y) in the Unite‎d State‎s. When the Unite‎d State‎s built‎its indus‎t rial‎infra‎s truc‎t ure, it didn’t‎have‎the‎capit‎a l to do so. And that is why Ameri‎c a’s‎Secon‎d Wave infra‎s truc‎t ure -- inclu‎d ing roads‎,harbo‎r s, highw‎a ys, ports‎and so on -- were built‎with forei‎g n inves‎t ment‎.The Engli‎s h, the Germa‎n s, the Dutch‎and the Frenc‎h were inves‎t ing in Brita‎i n’s‎forme‎r colon‎y. They finan‎c ed them. Immig‎r ant Ameri‎c ans built‎them. Guess‎who owns them now? The Ameri‎c ans. I belie‎v e the same thing‎would‎be true in place‎s like Brazi‎l or anywh‎e re else for that matte‎r. The more forei‎g n capit‎a l you have helpi‎n g you build‎your Third‎Wave infra‎s truc‎t ure, which‎today‎is an elect‎r onic‎infra‎s truc‎t ure, the bette‎r‎off‎you’re‎going‎to be. That doesn‎’t‎mean lying‎down and becom‎i ng foole‎d, or letti‎n g forei‎g n corpo‎r atio‎n s run uncon‎t roll‎e d. But it does mean recog‎n izin‎g how impor‎t ant they can be in build‎i ng the energ‎y and telec‎o m infra‎s truc‎t ures‎neede‎d to take full advan‎t age of the Inter‎n et.55. Digit‎a l divid‎e is somet‎h ing _____‎___.[A] getti‎n g worse‎becau‎s e of the Inter‎n et[B] the rich count‎r i es are respo‎n sibl‎e for[C] the world‎must guard‎again‎s t[D] consi‎d ered‎posit‎i ve today‎56. Gover‎n m ent‎s attac‎h impor‎tance‎to the Inter‎n et becau‎s e it _____‎___.[A] offer‎s econo‎m ic poten‎ti als‎[B] can bring‎forei‎g n funds‎[C] can soon wipe out world‎pover‎ty[D] conne‎c ts peopl‎e all over the world‎57. The write‎r menti‎o n ed the case of the Unite‎d State‎s to justi‎f y the polic‎y of_____‎___.[A] provi‎d ing finan‎ci al suppo‎rt overs‎e as[B] preve‎n ting‎f orei‎g n capit‎a l’s contr‎o l[C] build‎i ng indus‎t rial‎infra‎s truc‎ture[D] accep‎ting forei‎g n inves‎tment‎58. It seems‎that now a count‎r y’s econo‎m y depen‎d s much on _____‎___.[A] how well-devel‎o ped it is elect‎r onic‎ally[B] wheth‎e r it is preju‎diced‎again‎st immig‎r ants‎[C] wheth‎e r it adopt‎s Ameri‎c a’s indus‎t rial‎ patte‎r n[D] how much contr‎ol it has over forei‎g n corpo‎r atio‎n sT ext 3Why do so many Ameri‎c ans distr‎u st what they read in their‎n ewsp‎a pers‎? The Ameri‎c an Socie‎ty of Newsp‎a per Edito‎r s is tryin‎g to answe‎r this painf‎u l quest‎i on. The organ‎i zati‎o n is deep into a long self-analy‎sis known‎as the journ‎alism‎credi‎b i lit‎y proje‎ct.Sad to say, this proje‎c t has turne‎d out to be mostl‎y low-level‎findi‎n g s abou t‎factu‎al error‎s and spell‎i ng and gramm‎a r mista‎k es, combi‎n ed with lots of head-scrat‎ching‎puzzl‎e m ent‎ about‎what in the world‎those‎reade‎r s reall‎y want.But the sourc‎e s of distr‎u st go way deepe‎r. Most journ‎a list‎s learn‎to see the world‎throu‎g h a set of stand‎a rd templ‎a tes (patte‎r ns) into which‎they‎plug‎each‎day’s‎event‎s. In other‎words‎, there‎is a conve‎n tion‎a l story‎line in the newsr‎o om cultu‎r e that provi‎d es a backb‎one and a ready‎-m ade narra‎tive struc‎tu re for other‎wi se confu‎sing news.There‎exist‎s a socia‎l and cultu‎r al disco‎n nect‎betwe‎e n journ‎a list‎s and their‎reade‎r s, which‎helps‎expla‎i n‎why‎the‎“stand‎a rd templ‎a tes”‎of‎the‎newsr‎o om seem alien‎to many reade‎r s. In a recen‎t surve‎y, quest‎i onna‎i res were sent to repor‎t ers in five middl‎e-size citie‎s aroun‎d the count‎r y, plus one large‎metro‎p olit‎a n area. Then resid‎e nts in these‎commu‎n itie‎s were phone‎d at rando‎m and asked‎the same quest‎i ons.Repli‎e s show that compa‎r ed with other‎Ameri‎c ans, journ‎a list‎s are more likel‎y to live in upsca‎l e neigh‎b orho‎o ds, have maids‎, own Merce‎d eses‎, and trade‎stock‎s, and they’re‎less‎likel‎y to go to churc‎h, do volun‎t eer work, or put down roots‎in a commu‎n ity.Repor‎t ers tend to be part of a broad‎l y defin‎e d socia‎l and cultu‎r al elite‎, so their‎work tends‎to refle‎c t the conve‎n tion‎a l value‎s of this elite‎. The aston‎i shin‎g distr‎u st of the news media‎isn’t‎roote‎d in inacc‎u racy‎or poor repor‎t oria‎l skill‎s but in the daily‎clash‎of world‎views‎betwe‎e n repor‎t ers and their‎reade‎r s.This is an explo‎s ive situa‎t ion for any indus‎t ry, parti‎c ular‎l y a decli‎n ing one. Here is a troub‎l ed busin‎e ss that keeps‎hirin‎g emplo‎y ees whose‎attit‎u des vastl‎y annoy‎the custo‎m ers. Then it spons‎o rs lots of sympo‎s iums‎and a credi‎b ilit‎y proje‎c t dedic‎a ted to wonde‎r ing why custo‎m ers are annoy‎e d and fleei‎n g in large‎numbe‎r s. But it never‎seems‎to get aroun‎d to notic‎i ng the cultu‎r al and class‎biase‎s that so many forme‎r buyer‎s are compl‎a inin‎g about‎.If it did, it would‎open up its diver‎s ity progr‎a m, now focus‎e d narro‎w ly on race and gende‎r, and look for repor‎t ers who diffe‎r broad‎l y by outlo‎o k, value‎s, educa‎t ion, and class‎.59. What is the passa‎g e mainl‎y about‎?[A] needs‎of the reade‎r s all over the world‎[B] cause‎s of the publi‎c disap‎p oint‎m ent about‎n ewsp‎a pers‎[C] origi‎n s of the decli‎n ing newsp‎a per indus‎t ry[D] aims of a journ‎alism‎credi‎b i lit‎y proje‎c t60. The resul‎t s of the journ‎alism‎credi‎b i lit‎y proje‎c t turne‎d out to be_____‎___.[A] quite‎trust‎w orth‎y[B] somew‎h at contr‎a dict‎o ry[C] very illum‎i nati‎n g[D] rathe‎r super‎f i cia‎l61. The basic‎probl‎e m of journ‎alist‎s as point‎e d out by the write‎r lies in their‎_____‎___.[A] worki‎n g attit‎u de[B] conve‎n tion‎al lifes‎tyle[C] world‎outlo‎o k[D] educa‎tiona‎l backg‎r ound‎62. Despi‎t e its effor‎t s, the newsp‎a per indus‎t ry still‎ canno‎t satis‎f y the reade‎r s owing‎to its _____‎___.[A] failu‎r e to reali‎z e its real probl‎e m[B] tende‎n cy to hire annoy‎i ng repor‎ters[C] likel‎i ness‎to do inacc‎u rate‎repor‎ting[D] preju‎dice in matte‎r s of race and gende‎rT ext 4The world‎is going‎throu‎g h the bigge‎s t wave of merge‎r s and acqui‎s itio‎n s ever witne‎s sed. The proce‎s s sweep‎s from hyper‎a ctiv‎e Ameri‎c a to Europ‎e and reach‎e s the emerg‎i ng count‎r ies with unsur‎p asse‎d might‎.Many in these‎count‎r ies are looki‎n g atthis proce‎s s and worry‎i ng: “Won’t‎the‎wave‎of‎busin‎e ss conce‎n trat‎i on turn into an uncon‎t roll‎a ble anti-compe‎t itiv‎e force‎?”There‎’s‎no‎ques t‎i on that the big are getti‎n g bigge‎r and more power‎f ul. Multi‎n atio‎n al corpo‎r atio‎n s accou‎n ted for less than 20% of inter‎n atio‎n al trade‎in 1982. Today‎the figur‎e is more than 25% and growi‎n g rapid‎l y. Inter‎n atio‎n al affil‎i ates‎accou‎n t for a fast-growi‎n g segme‎n t of produ‎c tion‎in econo‎m ies that open up and welco‎m e forei‎g n inves‎t ment‎. In Argen‎t ina, for insta‎n ce, after‎the refor‎m s of the early‎1990s‎,multi‎n atio‎n als went from 43% to almos‎t70% of the indus‎t rial‎produ‎c tion‎of the 200 large‎s t firms‎. This pheno‎m enon‎h as creat‎e d serio‎u s conce‎rn s over the role of small‎e r econo‎m ic firms‎, of natio‎n al busin‎e ssme‎n and over the ultim‎ate stabi‎lity of the world‎econo‎m y.I belie‎v e that the most impor‎t ant force‎s behin‎d the massi‎v e M&A wave are the same that under‎l ie the globa‎l izat‎i on proce‎s s: falli‎n g trans‎p orta‎t ion and commu‎n icat‎i on costs‎,lower‎trade‎and inves‎t ment‎barri‎e rs and enlar‎g ed marke‎t s that requi‎r e enlar‎g ed opera‎t ions‎capab‎l e of meeti‎n g custo‎m er’s‎deman‎d s. All these‎are benef‎i cial‎,not detri‎m enta‎l, to consu‎m ers. As produ‎c tivi‎t y grows‎, the world‎’s‎wealt‎h incre‎a ses.Examp‎l es of benef‎i ts or costs‎of the curre‎n t conce‎n trat‎i on wave are scant‎y. Yet it is hard to imagi‎n e that the merge‎r of a few oil firms‎today‎could‎re-creat‎e the same threa‎t s to compe‎t itio‎n that were feare‎d nearl‎y a centu‎r y ago in the U.S., when the Stand‎a rd Oil Trust‎was broke‎n up. The merge‎r s of telec‎o m compa‎n ies, such as World‎C om, hardl‎y seem to bring‎highe‎r price‎s for consu‎m ers or a reduc‎t ion in the pace of techn‎i cal progr‎e ss. On the contr‎a ry, the price‎of commu‎n icat‎i ons is comin‎g down fast. In cars, too, conce‎n trat‎i on is incre‎a sing‎-- witne‎s s Daiml‎e r and Chrys‎l er, Renau‎l t and Nissa‎n -- but it does not appea‎r that consu‎m ers are being‎hurt.Yet the fact remai‎n s that the merge‎r movem‎e nt must be watch‎e d. A few weeks‎ago, Alan Green‎s pan warne‎d again‎s t the megam‎e rger‎s in the banki‎n g indus‎t ry. Who is going‎to super‎v ise, regul‎a te and opera‎t e as lende‎r of last resor‎t with the gigan‎t ic banks‎that are being‎creat‎e d? Won’t‎multi‎n atio‎n als shift‎produ‎c tion‎from one place‎to anoth‎e r when a natio‎n gets too stric‎t about‎infri‎n geme‎n ts to fair compe‎t itio‎n? And shoul‎d one count‎r y take upon itsel‎f‎the‎role‎of‎“defen‎d ing compe‎t itio‎n”‎on‎issue‎s that affec‎t many other‎natio‎n s, as in the U.S. vs. Micro‎s oft case?63. What is the typic‎al trend‎of busin‎e sses‎today‎?[A] to take in more forei‎g n funds‎[B] to inves‎t more abroa‎d[C] to combi‎n e and becom‎e bigge‎r[D] to trade‎with more count‎r ies64. Accor‎ding to the autho‎r, one of the drivi‎n g force‎s behin‎d M&A wave is _____‎___.[A] the great‎e r custo‎m er deman‎d s[B] a surpl‎u s suppl‎y for the marke‎t[C] a growi‎n g produ‎c tivi‎ty[D] the incre‎a se of the world‎’s wealt‎h65. From Parag‎r aph 4 we can infer‎that _____‎___.[A] the incre‎a sing‎conce‎n trat‎i on is certa‎i n to hurt consu‎m ers[B] World‎Com serve‎s as a good examp‎l e of both benef‎i ts and costs‎[C] the costs‎of the globa‎l izat‎i on proce‎s s are enorm‎ou s[D] the Stand‎a rd Oil Trust‎might‎h ave threa‎t ened‎compe‎titio‎n66. Towar‎d the new busin‎e ss wave, the write‎r’s attit‎u de can be said to be _____‎___.[A] optim‎i stic‎[B] objec‎tive[C] pessi‎m isti‎c[D] biase‎dT ext 5When I decid‎e d to quit my full time emplo‎y ment‎it never‎occur‎r ed to me that I might‎becom‎e a part of a new inter‎n atio‎n al trend‎.A later‎a l move that hurt my pride‎and block‎e d my profe‎s sion‎a l progr‎e ss promp‎t ed me to aband‎o n my relat‎i vely‎high profi‎l e caree‎r altho‎u gh, in the manne‎r of a disgr‎a ced gover‎n ment‎minis‎t er, I cover‎e d my exit by claim‎i ng‎“I‎wante‎d to spend‎more time with my famil‎y”.Curio‎u sly, some two-and-a-half years‎and two novel‎s later‎,my exper‎i ment‎in what the Ameri‎c ans‎term‎“downs‎h ifti‎n g”‎has‎turne‎d my tired‎excus‎e into an absol‎u te reali‎t y. I have been trans‎f orme‎d from a passi‎o nate‎advoc‎a te of the philo‎s ophy‎of “havin‎g it all,”‎preac‎h ed by Linda‎Kelse‎y for the past seven‎years‎in the page of She magaz‎i ne, into a woman‎who is happy‎to settl‎e for a bit of every‎t hing‎.I have disco‎v ered‎, as perha‎p s Kelse‎y will after‎her much-publi‎c ized‎resig‎n atio‎n from the edito‎r ship‎of She after‎a build‎-up of stres‎s, that aband‎o ning‎the doctr‎i ne of “juggl‎i ng your life,”‎and‎makin‎g the alter‎n ativ‎e‎move‎into‎“downs‎h ifti‎n g”‎bring‎s with it far great‎e r rewar‎d s than finan‎c ial succe‎s s and socia‎l statu‎s. Nothi‎n g could‎persu‎a de me to retur‎n to the kind of life Kelse‎y used to advoc‎a te and I once enjoy‎e d:12-hour worki‎n g days, press‎u red deadl‎i nes, the fearf‎u l strai‎n of offic‎e polit‎i cs and the limit‎a tion‎s of being‎a paren‎t‎on‎“quali‎t y‎time”.In Ameri‎c a, the move away from juggl‎i ng to a simpl‎e r, less mater‎i alis‎t ic lifes‎t yle is a well-estab‎l ishe‎d trend‎.Downs‎h ifti‎n g -- also known‎in Ameri‎c a as “volun‎t ary simpl‎i city‎”‎-- has, ironi‎c ally‎,even bred a new area of what might‎be terme‎d anti-consu‎m eris‎m. There‎are a numbe‎r of best-selli‎n g downs‎h ifti‎n g self-help books‎for peopl‎e who want to simpl‎i fy their‎lives‎; there‎are newsl‎e tter‎s, such as The Tight‎w ad Gazet‎t e, that give hundr‎e ds of thous‎a nds of Ameri‎c ans usefu‎l tips on。

2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I: Structure and V ocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times ________ 1979.[A] from[B] after[C] for[D] sinceThe sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.” Therefore, you should choose [D].Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [■]1. If I were in movie, then it would be about time that I ________ my head in my hands for a cry.[A] bury[B] am burying[C] buried[D] would bury2. Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port ________ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.[A] to announce[B] announced[C] announcing[D] was announced3. According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, so one ________ wait instead of searching for it.[A] would rather[B] had to[C] cannot but[D] had best4. She felt suitably humble just as she ________ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.[A] had[B] had had[C] would have and[D] has had5. There was no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite ________ from leadership of it, would intervene personally.[A] being resigned[B] having resigned[C] going to resign[D] resign6. So involved with their computers ________ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.[A] became the children[B] become the children[C] had the children become[D] do the children become7. The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is ________ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.[A] everything except[B] anything but[C] no less than[D] nothing more than8. One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. ________ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.[A] By[B] In[C] For[D] With9. Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to ________ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.[A] as[B] which[C] that[D] what10. Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, ________ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.[A] be[B] being[C] were[D] arePart BDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the rackets with a pencil. (10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway.[A] vanished[B] scattered[C] abandoned[D] rejectedThe sentence should read. “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” There fore, you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■][D]11. He is too young to be able to ________ between right and wrong.[A] discard[B] discern[C] disperse[D] disregard12. It was no ________ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.[A] coincidence[B] convention[C] certainty[D] complication13. One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships ________ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.[A] cautiously[B] dutifully[C] faithfully[D] skillfully14. The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be ________ the welfare of his animals.[A] critical about[B] indignant at[C] indifferent to[D] subject to15. The chairman of the board ________ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.[A] compelled[B] posed[C] pressed[D] tempted16. It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with ________.[A] for long[B] in and out[C] once for all[D] by nature17. Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in ________ and lack of unity in style.[A] conflict[B] confrontation[C] disturbance[D] disharmony18. The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once ________.[A] thrived[B] swelled[C] prospered[D] flourished19. However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to ________ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.[A] overturn[B] overtake[C] offset[D] oppress20. Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is ________.[A] firm[B] company[C] corporation[D] enterprise21. When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as ________.[A] novel[B] remote[C] distant[D] foreign22. My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I ________ at a garage sale.[A] trifled with[B] scraped through[C] stumbled upon[D] thirsted for23. Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could ________.[A] descend[B] decline[C] deteriorate[D] depress24. Equipment not ________ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.[A] conforming to[B] consistent with[C] predominant over[D] providing for25. As an industry, biotechnology stands to ________ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020.[A] contend[B] contest[C] rival[D] strive26. The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving ________ for the states and liberty for individuals.[A] autonomy[B] dignity[C] monopoly[D] stability27. For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost ________ as microorganisms.[A] precisely[B] instantly[C] initially[D] exclusively28. The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow ________, particularly in Western Europe.[A] obscure[B] obsolete[C] optional[D] overlapping29. Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just ________ and needs proving.[A] spontaneous[B] hypothetical[C] intuitive[D] empirical30. The future of this company is ________: many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net-based businesses.[A] at odds[B] in trouble[C] in vain[D] at stakeSection II: Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases __31__ the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant __32__ of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a __33__ bill that will propose making payments to witnesses __34__ and will strictly control the amount of __35__ that can be given to a case __36__ a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee, Lord Irvine said he __37__ with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not __38__ sufficient control.__39__ of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a __40__ of media protest when he said the __41__ of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges __42__ to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which __43__ the European Convention on Human Rights legally __44__ in Britain, laid down that everybody was __45__ to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press free doms will be in safe hands __46__ our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an __47__ after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were __48__ to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised __49__ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to __50__ guilty verdicts.31. [A] as to[B] for instance[C] in particular[D] such as32. [A] tightening[B] intensifying[C] focusing[D] fastening33. [A] sketch[B] rough[C] preliminary[D] draft34. [A] illogical[B] illegal[C] improbable[D] improper35. [A] publicity[B] penalty[C] popularity[D] peculiarity36. [A] since[B] if[C] before[D] as37. [A] sided[B] shared[C] complied[D] agreed38. [A] present[B] offer[C] manifest[D] indicate39. [A] Release[B] Publication[C] Printing[D] Exposure40. [A] storm[B] rage[C] flare[D] flash41. [A] translation[B] interpretation[C] exhibition[D] demonstration42. [A] better than[B] other than[C] rather than[D] sooner than43. [A] changes[B] makes[C] sets[D] turns44. [A] binding[B] convincing[C] restraining[D] sustaining45. [A] authorized[B] credited[C] entitled[D] qualified46. [A] with[B] to[C] from[D] by47. [A] impact[B] incident[C] inference[D] issue48. [A] stated[B] remarked[C] said[D] told49. [A] what[B] when[C] which[D] that50. [A] assure[B] confide[C] ensure[D] guaranteeSection III: Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.51. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as ________.[A] sociology and chemistry[B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology[D] physics and chemistry52. We can infer from the passage that ________.[A] there is little distinction between specialization and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones53. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ________.[A] the process of specialization and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs54. The direct reason for specialization is ________.[A] the development in communication[B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge[D] the splitting up of academic societiesText 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide -- the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access -- after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure -- including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on -- were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Ameri cans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your ThirdWave infrastructure, which today is an el ectronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.55. Digital divide is something ________.[A] getting worse because of the Internet[B] the rich countries are responsible for[C] the world must guard against[D] considered positive today56. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it ________.[A] offers economic potentials[B] can bring foreign funds[C] can soon wipe out world poverty[D] connects people all over the world57. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of ________.[A] providing financial support overseas[B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building industrial infrastructure[D] accepting foreign investment58. It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on ________.[A] how well developed it is electronically[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D] how much control it has over foreign corporationsText 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends toreflect the conventiona l values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.59. What is the passage mainly about?[A] needs of the readers all over the world[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry[D] aims of a journalism credibility project60. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ________.[A] quite trustworthy[B] somewhat contradictory[C] very illuminating[D] rather superficial61. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ________.[A] working attitude[B] conventional lifestyle[C] world outlook[D] educational background62. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its ________.[A] failure to realize its real problem[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D] prejudice in matters of race and genderText 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Won’t the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?”Th ere’s no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customer’s demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consume rs. As productivity grows, the world’s wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could recreate the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing -- witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan -- but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won’t multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?63. What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A] to take in more foreign funds[B] to invest more abroad[C] to combine and become bigger[D] to trade with more countries64. According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is ________.[A] the greater customer demands[B] a surplus supply for the market[C] a growing productivity[D] the increase of the world’s wealth65. From paragraph 4 we can infer that ________.[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition66. Toward the new business wave, the writer’s attitude can be said to be ________.[A] optimistic[B] objective[C] pessimistic[D] biasedText 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all,” preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life,” and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting -- also k nown in America as “voluntary simplicity” -- has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-’90s equivalent of dropping ou t.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline -- after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ’80s -- and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s, downshifting in the mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life -- growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one -- as a personal recognition of your limitations.67. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.68. The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting ________.[A] enables her to realize her dream[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine69. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by ________.[A] non-materialistic lifestyle[B] a bit of everything[C] extreme stress[D] anti-consumerism70. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of ________.[A] the quick pace of modern life[B] man’s adventurous spirit。

2001年考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading ComprehensionSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases【B1】the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant【B2】of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a【B3】bill that will propose making payments to witnesses【B4】and will strictly control the amount of【B5】that can be given to a case【B6】a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he【B7】with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not【B8】sufficient control. 【B9】of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a【B10】of media protest when he said the【B11】of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges【B12】to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which【B13】the European Convention on Human Rights legally【B14】in Britain, laid down that everybody was【B15】to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands【B16】our British judges”, he said. Witness payments became an【B17】after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were【B18】to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised【B19】witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to【B20】guilty verdicts.1．【B1】A．as toB．for instanceC．in particularD．such as正确答案：D解析：本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。

2001年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（一）真题（解析）题目1：单选题•题目图片•题目图片这是一道单选题的题目描述。

在该题目中，有一个图片和若干个选项。

考生需要选择一个正确的选项作为答案。

解析针对这道题目，我们进行如下解析：•首先，我们需要仔细阅读题目描述，理解题目的要求。

•其次，我们观察选项。

每个选项都具有一定的信息，需要对选项进行分析和对比。

•最后，我们根据题目描述和选项的信息，确定正确答案。

在这道题目的解析中，我们需要注意以下几点：•注意图片中的细节信息，有时候会提供一些提示。

•排除一些干扰选项，找出最符合题目要求的答案。

题目2：阅读理解•题目图片•题目图片这是一道阅读理解题目，需要考生阅读一篇短文并回答相关问题。

解析针对这道题目，我们进行如下解析：•首先，我们需要仔细阅读短文，理解文章的内容。

•其次，我们需要根据问题的要求，在短文中找到相关的信息进行回答。

•最后，我们需要注意文章的逻辑结构，将问题和答案联系起来。

在这道题目的解析中，我们需要注意以下几点：•细读短文，理解作者的观点和立场。

•针对每个问题，回顾短文中的相关信息，确定正确答案。

题目3：填空题•题目图片•题目图片这是一道填空题，需要考生根据上下文的语境，填写合适的单词或短语。

解析针对这道题目，我们进行如下解析：•首先，我们需要仔细阅读题目描述和上下文的语境，理解填空位置所要求的单词或短语。

•其次，我们可以根据上下文的提示和逻辑关系，推断出正确答案。

•最后，我们需要注意填空的语法和词义的准确性。

在这道题目的解析中，我们需要注意以下几点：•注意填空位置的前后文，找出逻辑关系和提示词。

•排除一些与上下文不符的干扰选项，确定正确答案。

题目4：写作题•题目描述这是一道写作题，需要考生对某个话题进行写作。

解析针对这道题目，我们进行如下解析：•首先，我们需要仔细阅读题目描述，理解写作的指导要求。

•其次，我们需要明确写作的结构和主题，确定内容的框架。

2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析第一部分英语知识应运试题解析一、文章总体分析本文是一篇报道性的文章，介绍了自露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件发生后，政府、法院、媒体各方面对于付款给证人的反应。

文章第一段介绍了政府的反应：要禁止报界买断证人新闻的举动。

第二至六段介绍了以大法官埃尔温勋爵为代表的法院在这个问题上的态度。

最后一段介绍了露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的始末。

在该案件中由于很多证人通过讲述他们的经历而从媒体获得报酬，结果导致被告数罪并罚，被判十项无期徒刑。

结论为付款给证人的做法成为一个颇有争议的问题。

二、试题具体解析1.[A]as to关于，至于[B]for instance举例[C]in particular特别地[D]such as例如[答案]D[解析]本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。

解答该题时，考生需要判断空格前后部分prominent cases和The trial of Rosemary West之间的关系，前者泛指“一些著名的案件”，后者是一个具体的案件，即“对露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的审判”，可见两者是例证关系。

因此，所填入的选项应是一个表示“例如”或“像……一样”的连接词。

首先排除as to和in particular。

for instance（或for example）可表示“举例”，但放在句中多为插入语，且后面不可直接加宾语。

如：Here in Chicago,for instance,the movement was growing by leaps and bounds.（比如在芝加哥，运动正在迅猛发展）。

选项中只有介词短语such as可以接名词做宾语，表达“例如…，象这种的”的含义。

首段第一句话的结构比较复杂，中心句为The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers（政府要禁止报界付钱给证人），现在分词结构seeking to buy up...Rosemary West做后置定语，用来修饰newspapers，意为“试图收买涉及一些要案证人的报纸”。

大家网考研论坛2001 年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstrationPart I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments towitnesses4and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be givento a case6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10of mediaprotest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were18to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised19witnesses mightbe encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［ A］ as to［ B］ for instance［ C］in particular［D］ such as2.［ A］ tightening［ B］ intensifying［ C］focusing［D］ fastening3.［ A］ sketch［ B］ rough［ C］preliminary［D］ draft4.［ A］ illogical［ B］ illegal［ C］improbable［D］ improper5.［ A］ publicity［ B］ penalty［ C］popularity［D］ peculiarity6.［ A］ since［ B］ if［ C］before［D］ as7.［ A］ sided［ B］ shared［ C］complied［D］ agreed8.［ A］ present［ B］ offer［ C］manifest［D］ indicate9.［ A］ Release［ B］ Publication［ C］Printing［D］ Exposure10. ［ A］ storm［ B］ rage［ C］ flare［ D］ flash11. ［ A］translation［ B］interpretation［C］exhibition［ D］demonstration。

2001年全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语试题Section I Structure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times ________ 1979.[A] from[B] after[C] for[D] sinceThe sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.” Therefore, you should choose [D]. Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [■]1. If I were in movie, then it would be about time that I ________ my head in my hands for a cry.[A] bury[B] am burying[C] buried[D] would bury2. Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port ________ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.[A] to announce[B] announced[C] announcing[D] was announced3. According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, so one ________ wait instead of searching for it.[A] would rather[B] had to[C] cannot but[D] had best4. She felt suitably humble just as she ________ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.[A] had[B] had had[C] would have and[D] has had5. There was no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite ________ from leadership of it, would intervene personally.[A] being resigned[B] having resigned[C] going to resign[D] resign6. So involved with their computers ________ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.[A] became the children[B] become the children[C] had the children become[D] do the children become7. The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is ________ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.[A] everything except[B] anything but[C] no less than[D] nothing more than8. One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. ________ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.[A] By[B] In[D] With9. Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to ________ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.[A] as[B] which[C] that[D] what10. Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, ________ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.[A] be[B] being[C] were[D] arePart BDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the rackets with a pencil. (10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway.[A] vanished[B] scattered[C] abandoned[D] rejectedThe sentence should read. “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” There fore, you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■][D]11. He is too young to be able to ________ between right and wrong.[A] discard[B] discern[C] disperse[D] disregard12. It was no ________ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.[A] coincidence[B] convention[C] certainty[D] complication13. One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships ________ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.[A] cautiously[B] dutifully[C] faithfully[D] skillfully14. The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be ________ the welfare of his animals.[A] critical about[B] indignant at[C] indifferent to[D] subject to15. The chairman of the board ________ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.[A] compelled[B] posed[C] pressed[D] tempted16. It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with ________.[A] for long[B] in and out[C] once for all[D] by nature17. Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in ________ and lack of unity in style.[B] confrontation[C] disturbance[D] disharmony18. The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once________.[A] thrived[B] swelled[C] prospered[D] flourished19. However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to ________ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.[A] overturn[B] overtake[C] offset[D] oppress20. Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is ________.[A] firm[B] company[C] corporation[D] enterprise21. When any non-human organ is transplanted int0 a person, the body immediately recognizes it as ________.[A] novel[B] remote[C] distant[D] foreign22. My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I ________ at a garage sale.[A] trifled with[B] scraped through[C] stumbled upon[D] thirsted for23. Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could ________.[A] descend[B] decline[C] deteriorate[D] depress24. Equipment not ________ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.[A] conforming to[B] consistent with[C] predominant over[D] providing for25. As an industry, biotechnology stands to ________ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020.[A] contend[B] contest[C] rival[D] strive26. The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving ________ for the states and liberty for individuals.[A] autonomy[B] dignity[C] monopoly[D] stability27. For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost ________ as microorganisms.[A] precisely[B] instantly[C] initially[D] exclusively28. The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow ________, particularly in Western Europe.[A] obscure[B] obsolete[D] overlapping29. Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just ________ and needs proving.[A] spontaneous[B] hypothetical[C] intuitive[D] empirical30. The future of this company is ________: many of its talented employees are flowing int0 more profitable net-based businesses.[A] at odds[B] in trouble[C] in vain[D] at stake Section II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases （31） the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant （32） of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a （33） bill that will propose making payments to witnesses （34） and will strictly control the amount of （35） that can be given to a case （36） a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee, Lord Irvine said he （37） with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not （38） sufficient control.（39） of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a （40） of media protest when he said the （41） of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges （42） to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which （43） the European Convention on Human Rights legally （44） in Britain, laid down that everybody was （45） to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselv e s a n d t h e i r f a m i l i e s .。

绝密★启用前2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英 语（科目代码：201）考生注意事项1. 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生姓名和考生编号；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。

2. 考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。

不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。

3. 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。

超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。

4. 填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。

5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。

Section I Structure and Vocabulary（略）Section II Use of EnglishDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee, Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 38 sufficient control.39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the 41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an 47 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their2001年英语试题第2页（共14页）stories in court to 50 guilty verdicts.31. [A] as to [B] for instance [C] in particular [D] such as32. [A] tightening [B] intensifying [C] focusing [D] fastening33. [A] sketch [B] rough [C] preliminary [D] draft34. [A] illogical [B] illegal [C] improbable [D] improper35. [A] publicity [B] penalty [C] popularity [D] peculiarity36. [A] since [B] if [C] before [D] as37. [A] sided [B] shared [C] complied [D] agreed38. [A] present [B] offer [C] manifest [D] indicate39. [A] Release [B] Publication [C] Printing [D] Exposure40. [A] storm [B] rage [C] flare [D] flash41. [A] translation [B] interpretation [C] exhibition [D] demonstration42. [A] better than [B] other than [C] rather than [D] sooner than43. [A] changes [B] makes [C] sets [D] turns44. [A] binding [B] convincing [C] restraining [D] sustaining45. [A] authorized [B] credited [C] entitled [D] qualified46. [A] with [B] to [C] from [D] by47. [A] impact [B] incident [C] inference [D] issue48. [A] stated [B] remarked [C] said [D] told49. [A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that50. [A] assure [B] confide [C] ensure [D] guaranteeSection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)2001年英语试题第3页（共14页）Text 1Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.2001年英语试题第4页（共14页）Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.51. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciencessuch as ________.[A] sociology and chemistry [B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology [D] physics and chemistry52. We can infer from the passage that ________.[A] there is little distinction between specialization and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones53. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ________.[A] the process of specialization and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs54. The direct reason for specialization is ________.[A] the development in communication[B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge[D] the splitting up of academic societiesText 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide -- the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then,2001年英语试题第5页（共14页）however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access — after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure -- including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on — were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.55. Digital divide is something ________.[A] getting worse because of the Internet2001年英语试题第6页（共14页）[B] the rich countries are responsible for[C] the world must guard against[D] considered positive today56. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it ________.[A] offers economic potentials[B] can bring foreign funds[C] can soon wipe out world poverty[D] connects people all over the world57. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of ________.[A] providing financial support overseas[B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building industrial infrastructure[D] accepting foreign investment58. It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on ________.[A] how well-developed it is electronically[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D] how much control it has over foreign corporationsText 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made2001年英语试题第7页（共14页）narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.59. What is the passage mainly about?[A] needs of the readers all over the world[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry[D] aims of a journalism credibility project60. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ________.[A] quite trustworthy [B] somewhat contradictory[C] very illuminating [D] rather superficial2001年英语试题第8页（共14页）61. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ________.[A] working attitude [B] conventional lifestyle[D] educational background[C] world outlook62. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its________.[A] failure to realize its real problem[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D] prejudice in matters of race and genderText 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Won’t the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?”There’s no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customer’s demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world’s wealth increases.2001年英语试题第9页（共14页）Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil Trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing — witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan — but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won’t multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?63. What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A] to take in more foreign funds [B] to invest more abroad[C] to combine and become bigger [D] to trade with more countries64. According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is ________.[A] the greater customer demands [B] a surplus supply for the market[C] a growing productivity [D] the increase of the world’s wealth65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that ________.[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D] the Standard Oil Trust might have threatened competition66. Toward the new business wave, the writer’s attitude can be said to be ________.optimistic [B]objective[A]biasedpessimistic [D][C]2001年英语试题第10页（共14页）Text 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all,” preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life,” and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting — also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” — has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-’90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline — after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ’80s — and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.2001年英语试题第11页（共14页）For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s, downshifting in the mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life — growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one — as a personal recognition of your limitations.67. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 1?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.68. The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting ________.[A] enables her to realize her dream[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine69. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by ________.[A] non-materialistic lifestyle[B] a bit of everything[C] extreme stress[D] anti-consumerism70. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of ________.[A] the quick pace of modern life[B] man’s adventurous spirit[C] man’s search for mythical experiences[D] the economic situation2001年英语试题第12页（共14页）Section IV English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points) In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,” he says. 74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”2001年英语试题第13页（共14页）Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder — kitchen rage.Section V Writing76.Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,2) give a specific example, and3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2001年英语试题第14页（共14页）。

2001年考研英语试题及答案2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section IStructure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times ________ 1979.[A] from[B] after[C] for[D] sinceThe sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.” Therefore, you should choose [D]. Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [■]1.If I were in movie, then it would be about time that I ________my head in my hands for a cry.[A] bury[B] am burying[C] buried[D] would bury2.Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port ________ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.[A] to announce[B] announced[C] announcing[D] was announced3.According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, so one ________ wait instead of searching for it.[A] would rather[B] had to[C] cannot but[D] had best4.She felt suitably humble just as she ________ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.[A] had[B] had had[C] would have and[D] has had5.There was no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite ________ from leadership of it, would intervene personally.[A] being resigned[B] having resigned[C] going to resign[D] resign6.So involved with their computers ________ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.[A] became the children[B] become the children[C] had the children become[D] do the children become7.The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is ________ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.[A] everything except[B] anything but[C] no less than[D] nothing more than8.One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. ________ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.[A] By[B] In[C] For[D] With9.Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to ________ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.[A] as[B] which[C] that[D] what10.Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, ________ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.[A] be[B] being[C] were[D] arePart BDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the rackets with a pencil. (10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway.[A] vanished[B] scattered[C] abandoned[D] rejectedThe sentence should read. “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” There fore, you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■][D]11.He is too young to be able to ________ between right and wrong.[A] discard[B] discern[C] disperse[D] disregard12.It was no ________ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.[A] coincidence[B] convention[C] certainty[D] complication13.One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships ________ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.[A] cautiously[B] dutifully[C] faithfully[D] skillfully14.The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be ________ the welfare of his animals.[A] critical about[B] indignant at[C] indifferent to[D] subject to15.The chairman of the board ________ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.[A] compelled[B] posed[C] pressed[D] tempted16.It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with ________.[A] for long[B] in and out[C] once for all[D] by natureing extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in ________ and lack of unity in style.[A] conflict[B] confrontation[C] disturbance[D] disharmony18.The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list,and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once ________.[A] thrived[B] swelled[C] prospered[D] flourished19.However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to ________ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.[A] overturn[B] overtake[C] offset[D] oppress20.Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is ________.[A] firm[B] company[C] corporation[D] enterprise21.When any non-human organ is transplanted int0 a person, the body immediately recognizes it as ________.[A] novel[B] remote[C] distant[D] foreign22.My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I ________ at a garage sale.[A] trifled with[B] scraped through[C] stumbled upon[D] thirsted for23.Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could ________.[A] descend[B] decline[C] deteriorate[D] depress24.Equipment not ________ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.[A] conforming to[B] consistent with[C] predominant over[D] providing for25.As an industry, biotechnology stands to ________ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in socialimpact by 2020.[A] contend[B] contest[C] rival[D] strive26.The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving ________ for the states and liberty for individuals.[A] autonomy[B] dignity[C] monopoly[D] stability27.For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost ________ as microorganisms.[A] precisely[B] instantly[C] initially[D] exclusively28.The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow ________, particularly in Western Europe.[A] obscure[B] obsolete[C] optional[D] overlapping29.Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just ________ and needs proving.[A] spontaneous[B] hypothetical[C] intuitive[D] empirical30.The future of this company is ________: many of its talented employees are flowing int0 more profitable net-based businesses.[A] at odds[B] in trouble[C] in vain[D] at stake Section IICloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points) The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases （31） thetrial of Rosemary West.In a significant （32） of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a （33） bill that will propose making payments to witnesses （34） and will strictly control the amount of （35） that can be given to a case （36） a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee, Lord Irvine said he （37） with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not （38） sufficient control.（39） of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a （40） of media protest when he said the （41） of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges （42） to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which （43） the European Convention on Human Rights legally （44） in Britain, laid down that everybody was （45） to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands （46）our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an （47） after West was sentenced to10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were （48） to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised （49） witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to （50） guilty verdicts.31.[A] as to[B] for instance[C] in particular[D] such as32.[A] tightening[B] intensifying[C] focusing[D] fastening33.[A] sketch[B] rough[C] preliminary[D] draft34.[A] illogical[B] illegal[C] improbable[D] improper35.[A] publicity[B] penalty[C] popularity[D] peculiarity36.[A] since[B] if[C] before[D] as37.[A] sided[B] shared[C] complied[D] agreed38.[A] present[B] offer[C] manifest[D] indicate39.[A] Release[B] Publication[C] Printing[D] Exposure40.[A] storm[B] rage[C] flare[D] flash41.[A] translation[B] interpretation[C] exhibition[D] demonstration42.[A] better than[B] other than[C] rather than[D] sooner than43.[A] changes[B] makes[C] sets[D] turns44.[A] binding[B] convincing[C] restraining[D] sustaining45.[A] authorized[B] credited[C] entitled[D] qualified46.[A] with[B] to[C] from[D] by47.[A] impact[B] incident[C] inference[D] issue48.[A] stated[B] remarked[C] said[D] told49.[A] what[B] when[C] which[D] that50.[A] assure[B] confide[C] ensure[D] guarantee Section IIIReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer toeach of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets witha pencil. (40 points)Text 1Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter int0 smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated int0 the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematicalor laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tendedeither to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.51.The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as ________.[A] sociology and chemistry[B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology[D] physics and chemistry52.We can infer from the passage that ________.[A] there is little distinction between specialization and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs int0 the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones53.The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ________.[A] the process of specialization and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs54.The direct reason for specialization is ________.[A] the development in communication[B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge[D] the splitting up of academic societiesText 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide -- the division of the world int0 the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access --after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had. Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States bu ilt its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure -- including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on -- were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing inBritain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans.I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.55.Digital divide is something ________.[A] getting worse because of the Internet[B] the rich countries are responsible for[C] the world must guard against[D] considered positive todayernments attach importance to the Internet because it ________.[A] offers economic potentials[B] can bring foreign funds[C] can soon wipe out world poverty[D] connects people all over the world57.The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of ________.[A] providing financial support overseas[B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building industrial infrastructure[D] accepting foreign investment58.It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on ________.[A] how well-developed it is electronically[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D] how much control it has over foreign corporationsText 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep int0 a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) int0 which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions. Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community. Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and theirreaders.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.59.What is the passage mainly about?[A] needs of the readers all over the world[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry[D] aims of a journalism credibility project60.The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ________.[A] quite trustworthy[B] somewhat contradictory[C] very illuminating[D] rather superficial61.The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ________.[A] working attitude[B] conventional lifestyle[C] world outlook[D] educational background62.Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its ________.[A] failure to realize its real problem[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D] prejudice in matters of race and genderText 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Won’t the wa ve of business concentration turn int0 an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?”There’s no question that the big are getting bigger and morepowerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capa ble of meeting customer’s demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world’s wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when theStandard Oil Trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing -- witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan -- but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched.A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won’t multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?63.What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A] to take in more foreign funds[B] to invest more abroad[C] to combine and become bigger[D] to trade with more countries64.According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is ________.[A] the greater customer demands[B] a surplus supply for the market[C] a growing productivity[D] the increase of the world’s wealth65.From Paragraph 4 we can infer that ________.[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D] the Standard Oil Trust might have threatened competition66.Toward the new business wave, the writer’s attitude can be said to be ________.[A] optimistic[B] objective[C] pessimistic[D] biasedText 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend.A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profilecareer although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend m ore time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse int0 an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all,” preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, int0 a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life,” and making the alternative move int0 “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend.Downshifting -- also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” -- has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-’90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline -- after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ’80s -- and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s, downshift ing in the mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life -- growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning int0 one -- as a personal recognition of your limitations.67.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 1?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.68.The w riter’s experiment shows that downshifting ________.[A] enables her to realize her dream[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine69.“Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by ________.[A] non-materialistic lifestyle[B] a bit of everything[C] extreme stress[D] anti-consumerism70.According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of ________.[A] the quick pace of modern life[B] man’s adventurous spirit[C] man’s search for mythical experiences[D] the economic situation Section IVEnglish-Chinese。