（（0065）《英语阅读二》复习思考题I Sentence comprehension1. My discovery of Tillie Olsen was a gift from a friend; years ago she gave me her copy of Tell Me a Riddle because she liked the stories and wanted to share the experience.What do we know about Tillie Olsen?A. She is a friend.B. She likes stories.C. She gives gifts.D. She is an author.2. What is most obvious in this book are all those details of daily living that make Mrs. Richards anything but common.According to this statement, what kind of person is Mrs. Richards?A. She is very obvious.B. She is an unusual person.C. She is anything she wants to be.D. She is quite ordinary.3. The Green Tiger Press believes that the relatively unknown works of great children‘s illustrators are sources of vast beauty and power, and is attempting to make these treasures more easily available.What is the goal of this printing company?A. to publish more children‘s booksB. to develop powerful storiesC. to make children‘s illustrations more e asily availableD. to encourage artists to become children‘s illustrators4. Any thought that this new custom will remain unchanged--or in Europe will remain uniquely English--is ridiculous.What does the author believe about the new custom?A. It will remain limited.B. The custom will change.C. Acceptance of the custom is ridiculous.D. The custom will remain in Europe.5. The student revolt is not only a thorn in the side of the president‘s newly established government, but it has international implications as well.Whom or what does this revolt affect?A. the studentsB. the side of the president‘s bodyC. only the national governmentD. national and international affairs6.The medical journal reported that heart attack victims who recover are approximately five times as likely to die within the next five years as those people without a history of heart disease.What did this article say about people who have had a heart attack?A. They are more likely to die in the near future than others.B. They will die in five years.C. They are less likely to die than people without a history of heart disease.D. They are likely to recover.7.Young people need to develop the values, attitude, and problem-solving skills essential to their participation in a political system that was designed, and is still based, on the assumption that all citizens would be so prepared.What is a basic assumption of this political system?A. All people will be capable of participation.B. All people participate in the system.C. All people should have the same values and attitudes.D. Most people cannot develop the skills to participate in the system.8. While we may be interested in the possibilities of social harmony and individual fulfillment to be achieved through nontraditional education, one cannot help being cautious about accepting any sort of one-sided educational program as a cure for the world‘s ills.How does the author feel about nontraditional education?A. He believes that it has no possibility of success.B. He doubts that it can cure the world‘s ills.C. He feels that it is a cure for the world‘s ills.D. He believes it will bring social harmony.9. The complexity of the human situation and the injustice of the social order demand far more fundamental changes in the basic structure of society itself than some politicians are willing to admit in their speeches.What is necessary to correct the problems of society?A. basic changes in its structureB. fewer political speechesC. honest politiciansD. basic changes in political methods10. Since industry and commerce are the largest users of electrical energy, using less electricity would mean a reduced industrial capacity and fewer jobs in the affected industries and therefore an unfavorable change in our economic structure. According to this sentence, decreasing the use of electricityA. Must begin immediately.B. Isn‘t important.C. Will cause difficulties.D. Won‘t affect industry.11.The student revolt is not only a thorn in the side of the president‘s newly established government, but it has international implications as well.Whom or what does this revolt affect?A. the studentsB. the side of the president‘s bodyC. only the national governmentD. national and international affairs12.Just before his birthday John received a horse from his father; this was the first of a series of expensive gifts intended to create the impression of a loving parent.Why did John receive the horse?A. because he was tenB. because his father loved himC. because his father wanted to seem lovingD. because his father wouldn‘t be able to give him expensive gifts in the future13.Heavy smokers and drinkers run a fifteen-times greater risk of developing cancer of the mouth and throat than nonsmokers and nondrinkers.Which of the following sentences best reflects the meaning of the above one?A. Cancer of the mouth and throat is more likely to occur in heavy smokers and drinkers than in nonsmokers and nondrinkers.B. People who never drink and smoke will not get mouth or throat cancer.C. Heavy drinkers who run have a greater risk of developing cancer than nondrinkers.D. People would probably be healthier if they did not drink and smoke too much.14.This is not just a sad-but-true story; the boy‘s experience is horrible and damaging, yet a sense of love shines through every word.How does the author of this sentence feel about the story?A. It transmits a sense of love.B. It is not true.C. It is just sad.D. It is horrible and damaging.15.The financial si tuation isn‘t bad yet, but we believe that we have some vital information and, if it is correct, unemployment will soon become a serious problem.What do we know about the financial situation?A. It won‘t change.B. It is not bad now.C. It will become a serious problem.D. It will improve.16. The general then added, ―The only reasonable solution to the sort of problems caused by the current unstable political situation is one of diplomacy and economic measures and not the use of military force.‖What type of solution does the general support?A. economic and diplomatic actionB. diplomatic and economic action if military force failsC. only diplomatic actionD. military actions in response to political problems17. Because the supply of natural gas was plentiful in comparison to other choices like coal and fuel oil, and because it burns cleaner, many people changed their eating systems to natural gas, thereby creating shortages.Why did people prefer gas?A. It was natural.B. There were no other choices.C. The other fuels were dirtier and less plentiful.D. There is, even today, a plentiful supply of it.18. Few phenomena in history are more puzzling than this one: that men and women with goals so vague, with knowledge so uncertain, with hopes so foggy, still would have risked dangers so certain and tasks so great.What historical fact is puzzling?A. that people had such vague goalsB. that people took such great risksC. that people had foggy hopes and uncertain knowledgeD. that people completed such great tasks19. Alexis, ruler of a city where politics was a fine art, concealed his fears, received the noblemen with extravagant ceremonies, impressed them with his riches, praised them, entertained them, bribed them, made them promise he had no intention of keeping—and thus succeed in keeping their troops outside his city walls.Why did Alexis give money and attention to the noblemen?A. because they praised himB. in order to prevent their armies from entering the cityC. in order to impress them with his richesD. because they were his friendsII Reading comprehensionPassage 1Joe Templer should have known better. After all, he works for a large auto-insurance company. It won‘t hurt to leave the key in the truck this once, he thought, as he fille d his gas tank at a self-service gas station. But moments later, as he was paying the money, he saw the truck being driven away.In 1987, 1.6 million motor vehicles were stolen in the United States? One every 20 seconds. If current trends continue, experts predict annual vehicle thefts could exceed two million by the end of the decade.Vehicle theft is a common phenomenon, which has a direct impact on over four million victims a year. The cost is astonishing.Many police officials blame professional thieves for the high volume of the thefts. It is amajor money-maker for organized crime. Typically, stolen cars are taken to pieces and the parts sold to individuals. But as many as 200000 cars are smuggled out of the country every year. Most go to Latin America, the Middle East and Europe.Only about 15 percent car thefts result in an arrest, because few police departments routinely conduct in depth auto-investigations. When thieves are arrested, judges will often sentence them to probation, not immediately put them in prison because the prisons are overcrowded with violent criminals.One exception is a Michigan program that assigns 92 police officers to work full-time on the state‘s 65000 car theft cases a year. Since 1986, when the effort began,the state‘s auto-theft rate has fallen from second in the nation to ninth.How can you protect your car? If you live in a high-theft area or drive an expensive model, consider a security system. It may cost anywhere from $25 to$1,000. Some systems engage automatically? Simply removing the key disables the fuel pump and the starter. When cars are equipped with such systems, thefts may drop by one-third. In some states, you may be able to use a device that transmits radio signals, allowing stolen cars to be tracked by police.1. What does the author think Joe Templer should be blamed for?A. He should have equipped his car with a security system.B. He should not have his car refilled at the gas station.C. He should not have been so sure of himself.D. He should have shut down the engine of his car.2. What is NOT a reason for the increase of car theft as mentioned in the passage?A. Police don‘t give enough attention to car theft cases.B. More people park their cars and left the keys inside.C. Measures and laws against car thieves are not effective enough.D. Car theft brings car thieves much money.3. It is obvious that the Michigan program _____ .A. has no effect on the overall picture of the whole state.B. involves much work but proves to be quite effective.C. involves the construction of larger prisonsD. involves the development of a new security system4. What type(s) of security system can help the police find a stole car back?A. The device that sends out radio signalsB. The device that disables the fuel pump.C. The device that disables the starter.D. All of the above.Passage 2After a three-year survey of the social and behavioral sciences, a committee of the NRC has concluded that these sciences are losing out in the race for federal science funds. Between 1972 and 1978, federal support for the social and behavioral sciences fell 25 percent, while support for other areas of science rose 36 percent.Psychological, social and cultural studies pertaining to virtually everything that people treat as a problem in our civilization, the committee writes, play a large role. Paradoxically, one would think these would be times when social science research would be riding high. Yet eve though governments are more that alarmed about a variety of social problems, they are inclined to deal with them by trial and (often) error. The abuse of drugs is a widespread concern, but governments seem to with the qualifications of teachers and their salaries.If we lack an adequate understanding of drug abuse and educational processes, are we flying blind attempting to deal with these behaviors? What domains of your life could benefit from social and behavioral science research? For instance, are we concerned about crime? Consider that recent sociological research reveals that nearly half of all urban-dwelling American males can expect to be arrested for some non-traffic offense during their lives. However, a very small group of career predators are responsible for a grossly disproportionate share of all crimes committed. What does this insight suggest to you about American criminal Justice and prison policies. Sociological work also shows that most criminals halt their careers by age 25 to 30. Does this finding have policy implication? If a 29-year-old-burglar whose criminal career is nearly over is imprisoned for ten years, may many years of that imprisonment be wasted on expensive and unnecessary confinement?5. According to the author, social and behavioral sciences are losing federal financial support chiefly because some people _____ .A. don‘t see the seriousness of the present situationB. don‘t quite see the use for these sciencesC. only consider natural sciences as true sciencesD. are unable to solve social problems with them6. In the second paragraph, the author gives two examples of social problems to show that _____ .A. social problems are on the rise currentlyB. the government does not try hard to solve such problemsC. some attacks on such problems are often blindD. such problems often go unsolved7. In the third paragraph, the author uses some findings to illustrate _____ .A. some achievements made in social and behavioral sciencesB. the demand for social and behavioral studiesC. the current trend in the increase of crimesD. the inefficiency of criminal justice and prison policies8. In the last sentence of the passage, the word confinement is closest in meaning to the word_____ .A. fundsB. solutionC. researchD. imprisonmentPassage 3Writing to learn makes it possible to show learning in writing. Much of the writing you will do in college and at work will ask you to demonstrate what you have learned. The success of that demonstration will depend on, among other things, revising your writing to show your knowledge to best advantage. When you have begun to see what you want to say (frequently this becomes clear at the very end of a first draft), it is time to start thinking about how to present your ideas to others. It is time to start thinking about revising.Revising can be described as the most important (and frequently most neglecteD. part of writing. Novelists Doris Lessing has said that many novels miss greatness because authors are unwilling or unable to revise them. James Michener explains the importance of revision this way: I have never thought of myself as a good writer. Anyone who wants reassurance of that should read one of my first drafts. But I‘m one of the world‘s great revisers.Revising takes many forms. It means thinking about the audience for your writing. Who will read your work and why? It also means developing an overall plan for the writing that will make your ideas clear. Often the organization of a first draft will reflect your process of discovery, but that may not be the best way to present your ideas to someone else. Revising also gives attention to the style of language, to the structure of a paragraph, and to the shape of sentences and other forms that show learning to its best advantage.Writing to learn and writing to show learning are never, of course, entirely separate processes. Writers frequently consider issues of demonstrating learning while writing to learn, and writing to show learning often leads to new understandings. In drafting, for example, you may start thinking about what an audience will need to know in order to understand your point and change a word or a phrase to make your meaning clearer. But understanding the differences between writing to learn and writing to show learning is central to seeing writing as a process.9. The author thinks that revising starts when _____ .A. you want to show what you knowB. you think about your audienceC. you have discovered your ideaD. you have developed an overall writing plan10. The chief purpose in revising your writing is for you to _____ .A. learn in the course of writingB. add new ideas to your writingC. show your learning to its best advantageD. use an appropriate style of language11. What Doris Lessing said helps to support the idea that _____ .A. he is one of the wo rld‘s great revisersB. he is not a good writerC. revising is very importantD. many writers are unwilling to revise their works12. The passage is mainly about _____ .A. the importance of revisingB. the importance of writingC. how to compose good writingD. how to revise your writingPassage 4That an ecological crisis confronts humankind is now so central to our thinking that the notion that human beings adapt to their natural environment seems obvious. But ecological interpretations of world history are surprisingly recent. Sociologists, in attempting to classify societies, have looked increasingly to a people‘s relationship with their natural environment and, provide food, clothing, and shelter. Human beings meet these needs in a wide variety of environments, including deserts, rain forests, grasslands, and so on. Such environments are part of ecosystem, a complex web of interdependencies among organisms, communities of organisms, and the natural habitat. Some societal variation derives from the different demands made by different ecosystems. Customs and ways of life that would be adaptive in one ecosystem would be maladaptive in another.We confront a habitat and evolve a mode of existence not so much as lone individuals, but cooperatively as larger social units. Social organization and technology are our chief adaptive mechanisms. Social organization develops, as we create stable, ordered relationships and become infused with common cultural traits. Much depends on whether or not our values, norms, beliefs and institutions favor or foreclose new avenues of adaptation. Likewise, technology—the application of knowledge for practical weds—allows us to harness and change aspects of our environment. In its broadest sense, technology entails the practical arts and skills of human society. As technology has become more advanced, we have gained access to greater amounts of non-human energy (animal, water, fossil fuel, solar, and so on). In turn, new sources of energy have allowed our cultures to expand and change. Other changes follow as well.13. The author points out that differences in people‘s ways of life come from _____ .A. their cultural traditionsB. their adaptations to the environmentC. their demands for natural resourcesD. their notions about the environment14. Different ways of life exist among different peoples because of _____ .A. their adaptive valueB. their distinctive valueC. lack of better technologyD. mutual isolation15. Social organizations and technology develop as a result o f people‘s _____ .A. adaptation to the environmentB. attempt to change natureC. efforts to create peaceful societiesD. desire to create bigger societies16. The ultimate goal in developing technology is for people to _____ .A. get practical skills and artsB. obtain greater amounts of energyC. effect social changesD. create new culturesPassage 5The subject of my study is women who are initiating social change in a small region in Texas. The women are Mexican Americans who are, or were, migrant agricultural workers. There is more than one kind of innovation at work in the region, of course, but I have chosen to focus on three related patterns of family behavior.The pattern I life style represents how migrant farm workers of all nationalities lived in the past and how many continue to live. I treat this pattern as a baseline with which to compare the changes represented by pattern II and III. Families in pattern I work and travel in extended kin units, with the eldest male occupying the position of authority. Families are large eight or none children are not unusual and all members are economic contributors in this strategy of family migration. Families in pattern II manifest some differences in behavior while still maintaining aspects of pattern I. They continue to migrate but on a reduced scale, often modifying their schedules of migration to allow children to finish the school year. Parents in this pattern often find temporary local jobs as checkers to make up for lost farming income. Pattern II families usually have fewer children than do pattern I families.The greatest amount of change from pattern I, however, is in pattern III families, who no longer migrate at all. Both parents work full time in the area and have an average of three children. Children attend school for the entire year. In pattern III, the women in particular create new roles for themselves for which no local models exist. They no only work full time but may, in addition, return to school. They also assume a greater responsibility in family decisions than do women in the other patterns. Although these women are in the minority among residents of the region, they serve as role models for others, causing moderate changes to spread in their communities.Now opportunities have continued to be determined by pre-existing values. When federal jobs became available in the region, most involved working under the direction of female professionals such as teachers or nurses. Such positions were unaccepted to many men in the areabecause they were not accustomed to being subordinate to women. Women therefore took the jobs, at first, because the income was desperately needed. But some of the women decided to stay at their jobs, at first, after the family‘s distress was over. These w omen enjoyed their work, its responsibility, and the companionship of fellow women workers. The steady, relatively high income allowed their families to stop migrating. And, as the benefits to these women became increasingly apparent, they and their families became even more willing to consider changes in their lives that they would not have considered before.17. Which of the following titles best reflects the main focus of the passage?A. A Survey of Three Mexican-American Families at Work in Texas.B. Innovative Career Women: Effects on Family Unity.C. Changes in the Life-styles of Migrant Mexican-American Families.D. Farming of Family: The Unavoidable Choice for Migrant Farm Workers.18. All of the following statements about pattern II children express differences EXCEPT _____ .A. they migrate for part of each yearB. they spend less time contributing to family incomeC. they spend more months on schoolD. their parents sometimes work at jobs other than farming19. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of women in pattern III families?A. They earn a reliable and comparatively high income.B. They continue to work solely to meet the urgent needs of their family.C. They enjoy the fellowship involved in working with other womenD. They serve as models of behavior for others in the region.20. The author‘s attitude towards the three patterns of behavior mentioned in the passage is best described as one of _____ .A. great admirationB. unbiased objectivityC. dissatisfactionD. indifferencePassage 6If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered as an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired-rented at the lowest possible cost-much as one buys raw materials or equipment.The lack of importance attached to human resource management can be seen in the corporation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second incommand. The post of head of human resource managements is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO).By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human resource management is central-usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm‘s hierarchy.While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skill of their employees than do the Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany(as they do),the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United Stated. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can‘t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.21. Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies?A. They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills.B. They see the gaining of skills as their employees own business.C. They attach more importance to workers than to equipment.D. They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition.22. What is the position of the head of human resource management in an American firm?A. He is one of the most important executives in the firm.B. His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced.C. He is directly under the chief financial executive.D. He has no authority in making important decisions in the firm.23. The money most American firms spend in training mainly goes to----.A. workers who can operate new equipmentB. technological and managerial staffC. workers who lack basic background skillsD. top executives.24. What is the main idea of the passage?A. American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human resource management.B. Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human resource management.C. The head of human resource management must be in the central position in a firm‘s hierarchy.D. The human resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity.Passage 7Internet is a vast network of computers that connects many of the world‘s businesses, institutions, and individuals. The Internet, which means interconnected network of networks, links tens of thousands of smaller computer networks. These networks transmit huge amounts of information in the form of words, images, and sounds.The Internet was information on virtually every topic. Network users can search through sources ranging from vast databases to small electronic ―bulletin boards ,‖where users form discussion groups around common interests. Much of the Internet‘s traffic consists of messages sent from one computer user to another. These messages are called electronic mail or email. Internet users have electronic addresses that allow them to send and receive email. Other uses of the network include obtaining news, joining electronic debates, and playing electronic games. One feature of the Internet, known as the World Wide Web, provides graphics, audio, and video to enhance the information in its documents. These documents cover a vast number of topics.People usually access the Internet with a device called a modem. Modems connect computers to the network through telephone lines. Much of the Internet operates through worldwide telephone networks of fiber-optic cables. These cables contain hair-thin strands of glass that carry data as pulses of light. They can transmit thousands of times more data than local phone lines, most of which consist of copper wires.The history of the Internet began in the 1960s.At that time, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA. of the United States Department of Defense developed a network of computers called ARPA net. Originally, ARPA net connected only military and government computer systems. Its purpose was to make these systems secure in the event of a disaster or was. Soon after the creation of ARPA net, universities and other institutions developed their own computer networks. These networks eventually were merged with ARPA net to form the Internet. By the 1990s,anyone with a computer, modem, and Internet software could link up to the Internet.In the future, the Internet will probably grow more sophisticated as computer technology becomes more powerful. Many experts believe the Internet may become part of a larger network called the information superhighway. This network, still under development, would link computers with telephone companies, cable television stations, and other communication systems. People could bank, shop, watch TV, and perform many other activities through the network.25 .This passage is about the------of the Internet.A future.B general introductionC use.D history.26 .Which of the following statements about the Internet is true?A. ARPA was the first net used by American universities and institutions.B. The history of the Internet can be traced back to fifty years ago.C. The purpose of the Internet is to protect the world in the event of war.D. ARPA net formed the foundation of the Internet nowadays...。
