《汽车专业英语》chapter 15 Writing

《汽车专业英语》1～5单元阶段测试I .Translate the following English expressions into the Chinese. (10%)1. find out2. belong to3. on the whole4. apply to5. range from …to6. squeeze out7. in one trim8. a range of9. at any one time10. get / be familiar withII. Vocabulary. Choose the best answer from the 4 choices. (10%)1. She moved away from her parents, and missed them enjoy the exciting life in New York.A. too muchB. enough toC. very muchD. so much to2. I regret the novel to Jim because he made it very dirty.A. to lendB. having lentC. to be lendingD. lent3. The work they are doing is great value.A. inB. ofC. byD. from4. The docto r insisted that Paul’s mother examined thoroughly.A. would beB. must beC. beD. should have been5. Kevin is the only student in the class failed in the exam.A. whoB. ThatC. whichD. whom6. Mary and I the new college life soon, but Tom didn’t.A. see toB. used toC. adapted toD. stuck to7. There is no doubt Herbert is the most industrious student in our class.A. whereB. whatC. thatD. if8. The ratio of the work done by the machine the work done on it is called the efficiency of the machine.A. againB. withC. toD. for9. It will take you one hour and fifty minutes the top of Mount Tai.A. reachingB. to reachC. being reached.D. having been reached.10. the news, Ida changed her plans.A. In hearingB. To hearC. Of hearingD. On hearing III. Fill in the blanks with the given words, changing the forms if necessary. (10%)1. The rise in the cost of living is directly (relate) to the price of oil.2. I don’t believe that she is (capable) of stealing.3. Istanbul(伊斯坦布尔) was previously (know) as Constantinople(君士坦丁堡).4. He wants to seek for a (challenge) job.5. The day of the exam (approach).6. The two world wars greatly (boom) the aircraft industry.7. She speaks five foreign languages in (additional) to English.8. A nice cold drink will soon (cooling) you down.9. What time does the (perform) start?10. Have you and your husband got a (join) decision?IV. Cloze. Fill in the blanks with the given words in the box. (10%) When driving an automobile, the most important thing is to keep safe. So the safety systems with various 1 of technology are 2 with to 3 the occupants have the 4 they need.Seat belts are the main restraints that protect the 5 of a motor vehicle. Air bags provide 6 protection, so they are 7 Supplemental Restraint Systems (SRS). They are always ready for use.In an 8 , it’s hard to keep a cool head. When it comes to emergency braking, the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) 9 with Brake Assist (BA) and Electronic Brake-force Distribution (EBD) can prevent from danger.What’s more, there are many other systems features to prevent the children and the sedan from danger and being 10 .V. Reading Comprehension (40%)Task 1Directions:After reading the following passage, make the correct choice.Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy away from loneliness．Researches show that people feel unhappy，worried and lonely when they have nothing to do．Instead，the happiest are those whoare busy．Many high achievers who love their careers feel that they are happiest when they are working hard．Work serves as a bridge between man and reality．By work people come with each other．By collective activity they find friendship and warmth．This is helpful to health．The loss of work means the loss of everything．It affects man spiritually and makes him ill．Besides，work gives one a sense of fulfillment(满足)and a sense of achievement．Work makes one feel his value and status in society．When a writer finishes his writing or a doctor successfully operates on a patient or a teacher sees his students grow，they are happy beyond words．From the above we can come to the conclusion that the more you work the happier and healthier you will be．Let US work hard and study and live a happy and healthy life．1．The underlined word“achievers”in Paragraph 1 meansA．healthy B. lazy C. ordinary D. poor2. The reason why housewives are not as healthy as career women is that A．housewives are poorer than career womenB．housewives have more children than career women C．housewives have less chance to communicate with others D．housewives eat less food than career women3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 2？A．Busy people have nothing to do at home．B．High achievers don’t care about their families．C．There is no friendship and warmth at home.D．A satisfying job helps to keep one healthy．4．We can infer from the passage that those who do not work . A．are likely to live a shorter lifeB．will lose everything at homeC．can live as long as those who workD．have more time to make new friends5．The best title for this passage may be ．A．People Should Find a JobB．Working Hard Is Good for HealthC．People Should Make More Friends by WorkD．The Loss of Work Means the Loss of EverythingTask 2Directions:Read the passage carefully, write T for true, F for false, N for not mentioned.A hundred years ago，the game we now call football did not exist．American football started during a game between two colleges．The teams had got together to play what they called“football”but each teamplayed by different rules．One team played what we now call soccer(英式足球)．The other played what we now call rugby(橄榄球)．Both games had been invented a thousand years before．In the first kind of football game．all the men from one village tried to kick a ball into another village．The men of the second village tired to kick the ball into the first．Hundreds of people joined in，running everywhere，ruining crops and knocking down fences．In time，people agreed on some rules to keep order，but many rules were left open to change．Different rules developed in different places．When the two colleges met to play football，each followed its own rules．They mixed the games together and invented a new game．A hundred years later，we call that game American football．6．American football started a thousand years ago．( )7．Rugby is the most popular game in America. ( )8. The men from two villages tried to kick a ball into each other’s village．( )9. The men from two villages had the same rules when they met to play a game. ( )10. American football was invented by men from two villages．( )Task 3Directions: After reading this passage, you should complete the sentences following it.Forty-two horses were on the starting line for the greatest race of season．The course was extremely difficult and few horses were expected to finish．All eyes were on the favorites，Big and Eighteen．Both horses had won a great many races in the past and they had equal chances of winning now.Though the horses got off to a good start，it was not long before over half of them were out of the race．Big and Eighteen had got well in front with the remaining horses grouped together some way behind．0n a sharp corner．three of the horses leading the group fell，throwing the riders behind．The track soon became full of horses without riders．Towards the end，there were only three horses left：Big and Eighteen were leading with an unknown horse．John，a very long way behind．However, both the favorites“won”the race without their riders! John now took his time and the crowd cheered as he crossed the finishing line．11．The race course was too difficult for horses to finish12. horses could run the race to the end.13．horses fell on a sharp corner.14．The distance between the two favorites and an unknown horse was .15. horses won the race at last.Task 4Directions: After reading this passage, give brief answers to the questions.I always have a different time choosing original birthday present．My imagination never seems to get beyond ties，handkerchiefs，or pairs of socks．But，strangely enough，it did not take me long to decide on Tom's birthday present．For the first time in my life I had a good idea．I would buy him a bottle of champagne(香槟酒)．Before the party，I began to open the bottle but it remained firmly corked．Soon a crowd gathered round to watch the fight between me and the bottle．I could hear all sorts of “helpful”suggestions from the guests like“Break the top off”，“Use your teeth!”etc，but I was losing the battle．We were struggling on the floor together．when all of a sudden there was a loud“pop!”and the cork(软木塞)shot up into the air，while the angry bottle showered everybody with champagne!16．What did the writer usually buy for birthday presents? 17．What is the good idea for Tom's birthday present?18．What suggestions did the guests make?19．What does the sentence“I wa s losing the battle" mean?20．What is the main idea of the story?VI. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. (10%)1. When something unusual happens, you should check the parts carefully to find out where the trouble comes from and take some measures to solve it.2. And without the engine, the automobile will not move, so the engine is often called the “heart” of the automobile.3. The chassis is an important part of the automobile. It supports the power train, the steering system, the braking system and suspensions.4. The body is the place where the driver works and passengers or goods arecontained. It provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers and goods.5. In other words, a vehicle’s loading capacity is the gross we ight minus the kerb weight.VII. Translate the following sentences into English. (10%)1.他努力工作，挣够了买新房的钱。

engine type) liquid cooled, in-line, 4cylinder, carb (发动机型号)水冷，直列，四缸，化油器式(engine) compression ratio (发动机)压缩比(engine) displacement (发动机)排量(engine) fuel (发动机)燃料3rd gear 三档齿轮3-way seat 三向座椅4WD control device 四轮驱动控制装置4WD indicator switch 四轮驱动指示灯开关4WD lamp electrical connection 四轮驱动指示灯接线4WD switch 四轮驱动开关5th synchromesh assy. 五档同步器总成6PK belt 6PK 多楔驱动皮带A / C compressor assembly 空调压缩机总成A / C control assembly 空调控制装置A/C & heater assy. 空调加热器总成A/C blower 空调鼓风机A/C clutch 空调压缩机离合器A/C compressor MTG bracket 空调压缩机安装支架A/C control assy. 空调控制器A/C housing assy. 空调箱总成A/C low pressure switch 空调低压开关A/C mode select switch 空调状态选择开关abdomen performance criterion 腹部性能指标Abdominal Peak Force 腹部力峰值ABS 防抱死制动系统acceleration fuel system 加速系统acceleration running noise level 加速行驶噪声accelerator interlocking type 加速踏板联锁式accounting foundation 财政基础Actual cycle work 实际循环功Actual torso angle 实际躯干角adapter 连接器additional features 附加装置additional rule 附加法规adjust screw 调整螺钉adjuster cable 调整拉线adjuster plug 调整盖adjuster screw assy. 调整螺栓总成adjuster washer 调整棘片adjuster, diff. bearing 差速器轴承调整螺母Adjustment system 调节装置Administration and Registration Division 管理科Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts WhichCan Be Fitted and/or Be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of These Prescriptions关于对轮式车辆、安装和/或用于轮式车辆的装备和部件采用统一条件并相互认可基于上述条件批准的协定书Agreement Regulations 协定法规air cleaner 空气滤清器air cleaner assy. 空气滤清器总成air cleaner cartridge 空气滤清器滤芯Air compressor 空压机air condition compressor 空调压缩机air direct 空气走向air filter 空气滤清器air flow 空气流向Air flow meter 空气流量计air jet 空气量孔air metering hole 空气量孔air path 气道Air Pressure of Tire 轮胎气压Air type 空气型air valve 空气阀air-cooled 风冷Aisles 通道Alcohol 酒精all bearing 球轴承alternater bracket 发动机支架alternator 交流发电机alterntor assembly 交流发电机总成alumininum-rim 铝合金钢圈alumininum opposed model 铝制对开式AM/FM cassette stereo radio 调幅/调频立体声收放机ambulance 救护车Amended by 修正文amount of exhaust emission 排气排放量Amplitude resolution 幅度分辨率Analogue magnetic recorder 模拟式磁记录仪ANALYZER 分析仪anchor plate, brake caliper 制动钳安装支架Anchorage 座椅固定装置Angle of divergence 偏离角Angle of rotation 旋转角angles drift off vertical line 指针偏离垂直线的角度Angular diameter of the retro-reflecting device 回复反射装置的角直径annex 附件Announcement 公告anti, shutdown screw 防不灭车调整螺钉Antilock Brake System 防抱死制动系统appendix 附录Applicable motor vehicle 适用机动车Applicable scope 适用范围applicant 申请人application 申请application for notification 认可申请书approval 认可arm, valve rocket 摇臂armature 转子总成armature shaft 电枢轴Arm-rests 靠手Article 条Asphalt solution 沥青溶剂Attached document 附署文件attached sheet 附表Attached Table 附表attaching location of seat belt anchorage 座椅安全带固定装置的固定位置attachment 附属文件Attendants onboard 车上值班人员automatic chock cover setting 自动阻风门盖调到automotive electric system 汽车电系automotive engine system 引擎系统automatic transmission 自动变速器，自动排挡变速箱Auxiliary Brake 辅助制动器Auxiliary Direction Indicator Lamps 辅助转向信号灯auxiliary spring 副簧Auxiliary Stop Lamp 辅助驻车灯axle case 桥壳axle case assy. 桥壳总成axle ratio 桥速比axle weight 轴重back angle level 靠背角水平仪back angle quadrant 靠背角量角器back pan 靠板back spring 回位弹簧backing plate 制动底板Backing sheet 衬背板Back-Up Light 倒车灯backup washer 支撑挡圈bail wire 卡紧环balance tube 平衡管ball 钢球ball bearing 球轴承ball joint assy. , upper 上球销总成ball valve 球阀ball valve, inlet 进油口球阀bar 拉杆barrier 障碍壁battery 蓄电池battery terminal 蓄电池接线柱bearing cap 轴承盖bearing cover, input shaft 输入轴轴承盖bearing, connecting rod 连杆轴承bearing, input shaft 输入轴轴承Bed for babies 婴儿床bell 带束层bench seat 长条座椅berived cap 轴承盖bezel assy. 框板总成bezel, cluster 表框be pilot 小批量产品blead door 混合风门bleeder screw 放气螺钉blower assy. 鼓风机总成blower motor 鼓风发电机blower resistor 鼓风机电阻blower switch 鼓风机开关body 车身,阀体body & liftgate assembly 车身和举升门总成body assy. 车身总成body block 人体模块body of A/C & heater 空调加热器壳体bolt 主缸连接螺栓bolt, connecting rod 连杆螺栓Booster 助力器boot 护罩BOSCH starter motor assembly “波舍”起动机总成bottle assy. , coolant recover 冷却液回收罐总成bottom houseing, fuel pump 燃油泵下壳体bottom housing, fuel tank 燃油箱下壳体bracket 支架bracket assy. , spring seat 弹簧座支架bracket, steering damper mounting 转向减振器支架brake alarm lamp 制动报警灯brake alarm lamp switch 制动报警灯开关Brake booster 制动助力器brake caliper 制动钳brake caliper assy. 制动钳总成brake caliper piston 制动钳活塞brake combination valve 制动组合阀brake disc 制动盘Brake drum 制动鼓brake fluid 刹车油Brake hose 制动软管brake lining 刹车来令brake line, LF 左前制动油管字串6brake line, RF 右前制动油管brake oil flow 制动液流向brake paddle 制动踏板brake pedal 制动踏板Brake pipe 制动管brake shoes 刹车蹄片brake shoe 制动衬块Brake System 制动系Brake Systems for Tractors and Trailers 牵引车及挂车的制动装置Brake tester 制动器试验台brake valve 制动阀brake warning lamp 制动报警灯brake warning switch 制动报警开关Braking efficiency 制动效能braking force control system 制动控制装置Braking wheel 制动轮branch office 分署breaker 断电器bridge 过桥broadcasting vehicle 广播车brush 碳刷总成Buckle 带扣bulkhead 隔板Bulldozer 推土机bumper 保险杠Bumper element 保险杠构件bus transfer 车辆转移台bushing 衬套bushing, upper control arm 上控制臂衬套Business Place 业务场所bypass valve 旁通阀Cabinet Decision 内阁决议cable guide 拉线导向块cable-operated control system 液压式离合器系统Calibration factor of a data channel 数据通道校正系数calibration gas 标定气体calibration method 标定方法caliper assy. , front brake 前制动钳总成Camber 外倾camber angle 前轮外倾角camshaft 凸轮轴camshaft oil gallery 凸轮轴油道cap 加机油口盖cap assy. , power steering fluid reservoir 动力转向液油罐盖cap assy. , radiator 散热器盖总成cap screws 螺钉cap, connecting rod 连杆盖Capacity 容量,规格Capacity of the fuel tank 燃油箱容量capillary tube 毛细管carbon brushes & brush holder 电刷支架总成Carbon monoxide measuring instrument 一氧化碳分析仪Carburetor 化油器carburetor assy. 化油器总成carburetor bowl 化油器浮子室carburetor bowl vent system 化油器浮子室通风系统carburetor overhaul scheme 化油器分解图carburetor working scheme 化油器工作示意图carcase 胎体case runout (Max.) 差速器壳圆跳动（最大）Caster 后倾Catalyst 催化器category 类别cement and aggregate 水泥和混凝料Centreplane of occupant 乘员中心面Certified 经认证的Cetane number 十六烷值chain 驱动链chain drive 驱动链Channel amplitude class 幅度级通道Channel Frequency Class 频率级通道chassis 底盘chassis dynamometer 底盘测功机chassis shuttle 底盘平移台chassis number 底盘号Check and Maintenance 检查和保养check assy. , front door 前门限位器总成check assy. , rear door 后门限位器总成check ball 回止球check bracket 限位器支架check nut 限位器螺母check valve 单向阀check valve hole 回止阀孔check valve retainer 单向阀保持架check valve spring 单向阀弹簧check weight 回止块Chigi Circular No. 地技第…号Chigi No. 地技第…号Child Restraints 儿童约束装置chime module 蜂鸣器Chishin Circular No. 地审第…号Chishin No. 地审第…号chock heater 阻风门加热器总成chock plate 阻风门chock unloaded 阻风门连动装置choke 阻风门choke device 阻风装置choke unload mode 阻风门卸载状态cigarette lighter 点烟器circuit breaker, wiper/washer 刮水器/洗涤器电器断路器Circular 通告circular notice 通告clamp 卡圈Clamp ring type 锁紧圈式Cleaning efficiency 清洗效率Cleaning period 清洗周期clearance 最小离地间隙Clearance Lamp 示廓灯clinder head 气缸盖clip 卡子cluster housing 组合仪表壳Clutch system 离合器clutch assembly 离合器总成clutch control device 离合器控制装置clutch disc,clutch 离合器片clutch housing 离合器壳clutch master cylinder 离合器主缸clutch working cylinder 离合器工作缸Coating 涂层Code No. 型号Code of Federal Regulations 美国联邦法规总览Coefficient of luminous intensity (CIL) 亮度系数coil spring 圈状弹簧cold air 冷空气cold cranking voltage(min.) 最小冷启动电压collapsible spacer 可压缩隔垫collector 拼装台colorimeter 色度计coloured-light unit 有色灯光组column assy. 转向管柱总成combination brake switch and proporting 组合阀combined lamp 复合灯combined pump 复合泵combined pump diaphragm 复合泵膜片combined pump diaphragm rod 复合泵膜片杆combined pump lifter link 复合泵举升拉杆combined pump move direct 复合泵运动方向Combustion Chamber 燃烧室commutator 换向器compensate opening 补偿孔completion inspection certificate 终了检验证书Completion of notification 完成认可compressor 压缩机compression (both) 气环槽（两个）compression ignition type 压燃式Compression ratio 压缩比concrete mixer truck 混凝土搅拌车condenser 冷凝器condenser assy. 冷凝器总成conduit pipe 导管cone , diff. side bearing 差速器轴承，内圈带滚子cone, pinion front bearing 主动齿轮前轴承内圈带滚子cone, pinion rear bearing 主动齿轮后轴承内圈带滚子Confirmor 确认者connecting rod 连接杆connecting link 连接杆connecting rod journal diameter 连杆轴径connecting rod journal width 连杆轴径宽度connecting rod throttle 连杆喷油孔connector 连接器connector of service valve 维修阀接口Constant speed 等速construction and device 结构和装置control & tube assy. , hyd clutch 离合器工作缸和油管总成Control System 操纵系control valve 控制阀阀门control valve model 控制阀型式control valve seat 控制阀阀座convex plate 凸台cooling fan 冷却风扇cooling system 冷却系统Cornering Lamp 转弯灯corrected 修正的cotter 开口销counter 5th gear 中间轴五档齿轮counter shaft 中间轴coupled condition 连接状态Coupling Device 牵引装置cover 端盖cover & plate assy. 离合器盖及压盘总成cover assy. , air cleaner 空气滤清器盖总成cover, gear 侧盖cover, heater air 空气加热罩cover, rear axle case 后桥壳盖crane vehicle 起重车crankcase 曲轴箱crankshaft 曲轴crankshaft gear 曲轴齿轮crankshaft & connecting 曲轴连杆机构crankshaft oil gallery 曲轴油道crankshaft sprocket 轴承链轮critical flow 临界流Cross sensitivity of a linear transducer 线性传感器的横向灵敏度Crush distance 压碎距离Crush rate 压碎速率Crush Strength 压碎强度Cumulative time 累计时间cup 皮碗cup, diff. side bearing 差速器轴承外圈cup, pinion front bearing 主动齿轮前轴承外圈cup, pinion rear bearing 主动齿轮后轴承外圈Cut-off 明暗截止线cycle 冲程cyclinder head cover 气门室罩Cylinder 气缸cylinder block 汽缸体cylinder body 缸体Cylinder bore 缸径cylinder head 汽缸盖cylinder head cover 气门室罩cylinder number 气缸数cylinder working order(clockwise) 气缸工作顺序（顺时针）damper 转向减振器dangerous article 危险物darkroom 暗室Data channel 数据通道Data Processing 数据处理Date of notification 认可日期Deceleration of the structure 地板减速度Definitions 定义Definitions 术语deflection 偏移defroster 除霜器dehydrator 储液器和干燥器delay valve 延迟阀Design torso angle 设计躯干角designated 认定designated motor vehicle 经型式认定的机动车Designation 名称Designation of business place 业务场所名称Designation of Confirmor 指定确认者detonation 爆震device proper 装置本身Device type designation 装置的型式认定dextrorotation 右旋diameter 口径diaphragm 膜片diaphragm of fuel pump 油泵膜片diaphragm return spring 膜片回位弹簧diaphragm rod 膜片杆diaphragm spring 膜片弹簧Diesel fuel 柴油Diesel oil 轻柴油diesel smoke 柴油排烟Diesel smoke measuring instrument 柴油机排烟测量仪diesel-powered motor vehicle 柴油机动车differential case 差速器壳differential gear 半轴齿轮differential gearbox , front axle 前桥减速器differential gearbox , rear axle 后桥减速器differential side gear-to-case clearance 半轴齿轮与差速器壳之间的间隙Digital magnetic recorder 数字式磁记录仪Digitilizing 数字化Diluted exhaust gas 稀释排气dilution tunnel 取样探管direct injection type 直喷型direction indicator lamp 转向信号灯directly controlled wheel 直接控制车轮Director of the Vehicle and Component Approvals Division 车辆和零部件认证科长Director-General 署长Director-General of District Transport Bureau 地方运输局长Director-General of Land Transport Engineering Department 陆运管理处长Director-General of Local Land Transport Office 地方陆运署长Director-General of Motor Vehicle Inspection and Registration Office 机动车检验注册署长disc brakes 碟式刹车disc brake 盘式制动器disk assy. , clutch drived 从动盘总成disk type braker 盘式制动器Displacement 排气量Displacement system 位移装置Distillation properties 分馏特性distillation temperature 馏出温度distribution device 配气机构distributor 分电器distributor assy. 分电器总成distributor cap 分电器盖distributor rotor 分电器转子distributor shaft 分电器轴distributor type 分电器型号District Transport Bureau 地方陆运署documents to Be Submitted 需提交的文件dome lamp 顶灯door assy. , front RH. 右前门总成door assy. , rear RH. 右后门总成door hinge assy. 车门铰链总成door hinge plate 车门铰链垫板doors assembly & body accessories 前后车门总成及其附件double-lip seal 双唇油封double-tire 双胎dowel pin 定位销dowel pins-pump ring 定子定位销DRAWING PROCEDURE 绘制规程drier 干燥剂drier receiver 贮液干燥器drier receiver body 贮液气壳体drive end shield 前驱动端盖drive line system 传动系统drive pinion gear depth 驱动齿轮深度drive shaft 驱动轴drive sprocket 驱动链轮driver’s Seat驾驶员座椅driving beam 远光光束driving wheel 驱动轮drum brakes 鼓式刹车drum brake 鼓式制动器drum type braker 鼓式制动器dry air 干空气dry basis 干基dry-bulb 干球dummy 假人dump 自卸车dust boot 防尘罩Dynamic test 动态试验ECE Regulation ECE法规eddy-current type 电涡流式efe heater 进气加热器Effective height 有效高度Effective Weighted factor 有效加权系数Effective width 有效宽度Electrical 汽车电器Electrical System 电器系electromagnetic compatibility 电磁兼容性EMBOSSMENT 凸字Emergency Brake 紧急制动器Emergency Exit 紧急出口Emergency Motor Vehicles 应急用车Emergency Signals 应急信号用具Emergency Stop Indication Devices 紧急停车表示用具emergency valve 应急阀Emission Control Device 排放物控制装置end clearance 轴向间隙ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURE 实施规程Enforcement Regulation 实施规则engine 发动机，引擎Engine and Power Train System 发动机及动力传动系engine assy. 发动机总成engine displacement 发动机排量engine hood 发动机罩engine intake manifold 发动机进气歧管engine load 发动机负荷engine oil 发动机润滑油engine oil capacity 发动机机油容量engine outside diagram 发动机外形图engine revolution speed 发动机转速engine type 发动机型号Engineering and Safety Department 技术安全部entrance step 入口台阶entry item 填写项目entry value 填入值eqalizer 平衡架Equivalent inertia weight 当量惯性重量escort vehicle 护卫车European Economic Community Command 欧洲经济共同体指令Examination 审查examination affair 审查事务Exception to application 不适用条款excrement 排泄物exhaust 排水管exhaust duration 排气持续角exhaust emission 排气排放物Exhaust Emission Control Device 排放物控制装置exhaust hose 排放管exhaust manifold （发动机）排气歧管exhaust sytem 排气系统exhaust tube 放气管exhaust valve 排气门exhaust valve timing 排气门定时expander oil rail 油环衬簧expansion box 膨胀盒expansion core 蒸发器芯expansion valve body 阀体extension case 外接壳体EXTERNAL PROJECTION 外部突出物External surface 外表面External view 外观图extreme idle screw 极限怠速调整螺钉factory plate model 厂牌型号fan 风扇fan belt 风扇皮带fan & viscous drive 风扇及硅油离合器fast idle cam 快怠速凸轮fast idle cam link 快怠速凸轮连杆fast idle cam second step 快怠速凸轮第二阶段fast idle cam setting index 快怠速凸轮调整刻度fast idle mode 快怠速状态fast idle screw 快怠速调整螺钉fast idle speed 快怠速转速Federal Motor Vehicles Safety Standards 美国联邦机动车安全标准Feeling test 感觉试验Fiducial marks 基准标记Filament Lamp 白炽灯filler neck seal 加水口密封filler opening 进油口Filling-in Procedure 填写规程Filling-in Procedure for Each Item 每一项目的填写规程filter 滤清器，滤网Filter characteristics 滤波特性Filtering 滤波Fire Extinguisher 灭火器Fire truck 消防车fitting, flow control valve 流量控制阀接头fix shaft 定位轴flange 法兰flash point 闪点flasher, hazard lamp 危险报警闪光器Flexible Disk 软盘float 浮子float level 浮筒油面高度float pin 浮子轴floating coat 中涂floor damper 地板风门flow control valve 流量控制阀Fluid container 液体容器fluid torque converter 液力变扭器fluorescent surface 荧光面flying wheel 飞轮fog lamp 雾灯fog lamp relay 雾灯继电器fog lamp switch 雾灯开关Foil Thickness 箔厚folded seat 折叠椅folding seat 折叠式座椅foot angle quadrant 小腿夹角量角器fork 拨叉Formalin 福尔马林forward-opening inner door 内门前开型four-stroke cycle 四行程引擎four-wheel drive motor vehicle 四轮驱动的机动车Four-wheeled 四轮Frame 车架Frame and Body 车架及车身Friction clutch 摩擦离合器from evaporator drier 自蒸发器from heater core 出加热器from receiver drier 自贮液干燥器from water jacket intake manifold 自进气歧管水套front axle 前桥front axle assy. 前桥总成front axle motor 前桥挂档马达front bearing 前轴承front bearing retainer 前轴承盖front bearing, front output shaft 前输出轴前轴承front bearing, input shaft 输入轴前轴承front bearing, output shaft 输出轴前轴承front brake disc 前制动盘front brake disc assy. 前制动盘总成front case 前壳体front case of vacuum booster 助力器前壳体front coil spring 前螺旋弹簧front combined lamps 前组合灯front disk braker 前盘式制动器front edge 前边缘front end of shield 发电机前端盖front engine front drive F.F.式车辆front engine rear drive F.R.式车辆front fan 前风扇Front Fog Lamp 前雾灯front front axle 前前桥front opening 出油口front output shaft 前输出轴front output shaft gear 前输出轴齿轮Front overhang 前悬front panel 前板front pinion bearing 前主动齿轮轴承front port 前接口front propeller shaft 前传动轴front propeller shaft assy. 前传动轴总成front shock absorber 前减震器front stabilizer 前稳定杆front suspension 前悬吊front thrust plate 前配流盘front transfer 车辆转移台front tube failure 前管路失效状态front wall angle cover 前围角板front washer pump 前洗涤器泵front washer reservoir 前风挡洗涤器储液罐front wheel 前轮，前壳体front wheel alignment 前轮定位front wheel brake 前轮制动器Front Windshield 前风窗front wiper motor 前刮水器电动机Front-End Outline Marker Lamps 前端示廓灯Fuel 燃料fuel direct 燃油走向fuel filter 集滤器fuel filter housing 燃油滤清器壳体fuel filter paper 燃油滤清器滤纸fuel gauge 燃油表fuel gauge calibration 燃油表电阻Fuel Injection Device 燃料喷射装置fuel level indicator 机油压力表fuel pump 然油泵Fuel Resistance 耐油性fuel sensor 燃油（箱）传感器fuel sensor harness 燃油传感器线束fuel supply system 供油系Fuel System 燃料系Fuel System of Motor Vehicles Whose Fuel Is High-Pressure Gas 以高压气体作为燃料的机动车燃料系Fuel System of Motor Vehicles Whose Fuel Is Producer Gas 以发生炉煤气作为燃料的机动车燃料系Fuel Tank 燃料箱fule metering bar 计量杆full circle 大循环Full flow dilution 全流稀释full trailer 全挂车full-hydraulic type 全液力式full-trailer 全挂车fully-loaded 全负荷fuse 熔断器fuse panel 熔断器板garbage truck 垃圾车gas container 气体容器gas sample 样气gas turbine 燃气轮机gasket 节温器密封垫，衬垫gasket cylinder head cover 气门室罩垫gasket, intake manifold 进气歧管衬垫gasket, liftgate handle 举升门手柄垫片Gasoline 汽油gasoline fueled motor vehicle 汽油机动车gathering heat cover-TCV system TCV 系统集热罩gear , counter shaft fifth 五档中间齿轮gear end clearance, plastic gauge 齿轮端部间隙，塑料间隙规gear hub 齿毂gear range 档位级别Gear ratio 速比gear to body clearance(radial) 齿轮到壳体间隙（径向）gear, 4WD 四轮驱动齿轮gear, annulus 齿圈gear, low shift 抵挡齿轮gear, rear axle diff. 半轴齿轮gear, sleeve 齿套Gear-change lever 变速杆gears 档位General Comments 概述General Construction 通用结构GENERAL PROVISIONS 通用规则General provisions 一般规定generator 发电机Glazing 车窗glove box lamp 杂物箱灯Goods-Loading Accommodation 载货装置governor type 调节器式Gravimeter 重力计Gross Vehicle Weight 车辆总重ground Clearance 离地间隙Ground-Contact Section and Contact Pressure 接地部位及接地压力grouped lamp 组合灯grouped, combined or reciprocally incorporated lamps 组合、复合或混合灯光组halogen headlamp 卤素头灯halogen sealed-beam unit (HSB unit) 卤素封闭式(HSB)handle assy. , door I/S 车门内手柄总成handle assy. , door O/S 前门外手柄总成handle, liftgate lock 举升门锁芯手柄handle, window regulator 玻璃升降器手柄handling 处理办法HANDLING PROCEDURE 管理规程hanger 调耳harness 线束harness, body 车身线束harness, engine housing 发动机仓线束harness, lift gate 尾门线束hatch-back 掀背型Hazard Warning Lamps 危险报警闪光灯head 缸盖head form 头部模型head performance criterion 头部性能指标Head Restraint 头枕head room probe 头部空间探测杆Headlamp cleaner 前照灯清洗器headlamp dimmer switch 变光开关headlamp switch 前照灯开关Headlamps 前照灯Headlight tester 前照灯试验器Heat Resistance Test 耐热性试验heat-damage 热损害heated hydrogen flame ionization detector 加热式氢火焰离子化检测器heater 加热器heater & A/C panel lamp 暖风/空调开关灯heater, intake manifold 进气歧管加热器Heavy oil 重柴油hereinafter referred to as 下文称为Hereinafter the same 下文同hi-beem indicator lamp 组合仪表远光指示灯high idle speed 高怠速high pressure gas 高压气体high range 高档High-floor 高地板High-floor that can be opened in three ways 三向开启的高地板High-Pressure Gas Transport Devices 高压气体运输装置hip angle quadrant 臀部角度量角器hoist 举升hold in winding 保持线圈holddown pin 拉紧销钉holddown spring 压紧弹簧hole ladder type 带孔梯式honeycomb cell axes 蜂窝单元轴honeycomb ribbon axis 蜂窝条纹轴Horizontally-opposed 水平对置horn relay 喇叭继电器horn switch 喇叭按钮Horns 喇叭hose assy. , power steering return 动力转向回油管总成hose assy. , power to pump 油罐到泵的油管总成hose, coolant recover 冷却液回收管hose, radiator inlet 散热器进水软管hose, radiator to water pump 散热器至水泵软管hose, thermostat to intake minifold 节温器至进气歧管软管hot air 热空气hot idle mode 热怠速状态hot idle screw 热怠速调整螺钉housing 壳体，外壳字串5housing assy. 壳总成housing clutch 离合器壳housing end plug 壳体端盖housing, steering gear 转向器壳体H-point pivot H点支轴H-point sight button H点标记钮hub & bearing assy. 轮毂与轴承总成hub cap 车轮盖hub gear 齿毂hub range shift 换档毂hub sleeve No 2 二号毂套humidity correction factor 湿度修正系数hydraulic tappet 液力挺柱hydraulic type 液力式Hydrocarbon measuring instrument 碳氢化合物分析仪Hydrogen flame ionization detector 氢火焰离子化分析仪I/S locking rod 内锁止拉杆I/S release rod 内开启拉杆Identification Code 标记idle fuel tube 怠速油管idle fuel way 怠速油道idle jet 怠速喷口idle mixture screw 怠速混合气调整螺钉idle tube 怠速油管idling operation 怠速工况Idling Speed 怠速ignition coil 点火线圈ignition coil type 点火线圈类型ignition controler 点火控制器ignition key 点火钥匙ignition module 点火控制器ignition point 燃点ignition switch 点火开关Ignition System 点火系ignition wire 点火线Illuminating axis 光照轴illuminating surface 透光面Illumination angle 入射角Illumination intensity 光照强度Illumination of the retro-reflecting device 回复反射装置的照度illuminations actually measured 实测照度Illuminometer 照度计IMPACT REDUCTION OF INSIDE REARVIEW MIRRORS 缓冲式室内后视镜IMPACT REDUCTION TYPE OUTSIDE REARVIEW MIRRORS 缓冲式后视镜Impact test 冲击试验Impactor 碰撞块IMPORTED MOTOR VEHICLE 进口机动车in connection with 与…有关inclination angle 倾斜角indicating section 指示部分indicator lamp 指示灯indicator lamp, left turn 左转向指示灯indicator lamp, right turn 右转向指示灯indirectly controlled wheel 间接控制车轮Infant-carrying vehicles 幼儿专用车information 资料initial choke valve clearance 初始阻风门间隙initial inspection 初始检验Injection Nozzle 喷油嘴Injection Pump 喷油泵injector 喷油器inlet 进油口inlet hole 进气孔inlet hose 进风口inlet opening 进油口inlet tube 进油管inlet valve 进油阀Inner Dimension 内部尺寸inner shaft 内半轴inner tube 内胎input shaft 输入轴input shaft, tranmission 变速器输入轴input voltage 输入电压Inspection equipment 检验设备inspector 检验人员install panel 安装板instrument cluster 组合仪表（盘）instrument harness 仪表板线束instrument illumination lamps 组合仪表照明灯instrument panel assy. 仪表板总成instrument panels 仪表板intake and exhaust device 进排气装置intake duration 进气持续角intake heater 进气加热器intake manifold 进气歧管intake silencer 进气消声器intake valve 进气门intake valve timing 进气门定时integral place 整数integral power steering 整体式动力转向器integral type 整体式inter shaft assy. 动力转向中间轴总成Intercooler 增压中冷器intermediate axle shaft 中间半轴intermediate guide 中间导向器intermediate shaft 中间轴internal fan 内风扇interpolated value 内插值In-Use Motor Vehicles 在用车辆Issuance 发放ISSUANCE OF NOTICE 通知书的发放ist idle jet 第一怠速空气量孔Items 项JAIA 日本汽车进口商协会JAMA 日本汽车制造商协会Japan Automobile Importers' Association 日本汽车进口商协会Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association 日本汽车制造商协会Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center 日本汽车标准国际化中心Japanese Automobile Type Approval Handbook 日本车辆型式认证手册Japanese Industrial Standards 日本工业标准Jiko No. 自公第…号通告JIS 日本工业标准Jisei No. 自整第…号Jisha Circular 自车第…号通告Jiyu No. 自运第…号journal cross assy. 十字万向节总成jump, spark wire 高压电线katakana 片假名Kerosene 灯油key 键kick-type 反冲式Kinematic viscosity 运动粘度Kingpin 立轴kingpin caster angle 主销后倾角Kingpin inclination angle 主销内倾角kingpin sidewise inclination angle 主销内倾角knock 敲击knee angle quadrant 膝部角量角器Koshin No. 交审第xx号lamp switch, 4WD 四轮驱动灯开关lamp type 灯式Lap belt anchorages 腰带固定装置Large-Sized Rear Reflex Reflectors 大型后回复反射器Large-sized special 大型专用latch assy. , front RH. Door 右前门锁总成latch assy. , rear RH. Door 右后门总成lateral level 横向水平仪leading shoe 领蹄Leaf spring 片簧left fog lamp 左雾灯left headlamp 左前照灯left horn 左喇叭left steering 左转向left tail lamp 左尾灯legend 图例Length of trochoid 旋轮线Length, Width and Height 全长、全宽、全高Lens 配光镜lens, cluster 表蒙let in air 进气lever assy. , turn signal standard 综合开关操纵杆总成license lamp 牌照灯lift gate 举升门liftgate assy. 举升门总成liftgate latch assy. 举升门锁总成liftgate lock assy. 举升门锁芯总成light source module 光源模组Light Vehicles 轻型车辆Light-Exposure and Light-and-Water-Exposure Apparatus 光线暴露及光线与水暴露设备lighting device 照明装置Lighting System 照明系统Limit towards blue 趋蓝极限Limit towards red 趋红极限limiting valve body 限压阀壳体limiting valve spring 限压阀弹簧Linearity error 线性误差lining 衬片link assy. of front stabilizer 前稳定杆连杆总成linkage type 联杆式Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Fueled 燃用液化石油气机动车load cell simulator 载荷传感器模拟装置load sensing device 负载感受装置Loaded goods 装载物loaded WT 最大总质量Loading Capacity 载重量Loading platform 货箱Loading platform offset 货箱偏移量Local Land Transport Office 地方陆运署Local Office 地方署Location of business place 业务场所地点lock CYL assy. , RH. door 右车门锁芯总成lock piece, reverse gear 换档器锁片locking & indexing plate 锁止刻度盘Locking Device 锁止装置Locking system 锁止装置long axis 长轴long-body 长车身longitudinal center 纵向中心longitudinal centerline 纵向中心线longitudinal plane 纵向平面longitudinally-mounted 纵向安装low fuel warning indicator bezel 低燃油报警灯框low fuel warning indicator lens 低燃油报警灯透片low fuel warning module 低燃油报警组件low idle system 低怠速系统low range 抵挡low range lock plate 抵挡锁止板low speed jet 低速喷口lower control arm 下控制臂总成lower pressure switch 低压开关lubricant capacity 润滑油加注油lubricants 润滑油Lubricating oil 润滑油lubricating system 润滑系luminance factor 亮度因数luminous flux 光通量luminous intensity 光照强度M / CYL / vacuum booster assembly 制动主缸及真空助力器总成M/CYL push rod 主缸推杆Magnification 增大率main bearing 主轴承main bearing journal clearance 主轴承间隙main bearing journal diameter 主轴承轴径main bearing journal width 主轴承宽度main body, connector 化油器中体mainfold presure 歧管压力mainfold vacuum 歧管真空main fuel system & vacuum reriched system 主油系及真空加泷系统Main honeycomb block 主蜂窝块main injection jet 主喷口main jet 主量孔main oil gallery 主油道main spring 主簧Make and type 厂牌和型号Management supervisor 主管人manual transmission 手动变速器，手排挡变速箱Manufacturer 制造者MANUFACTURER TEST 制造者试验mapping 瞬态性能字串6mapping curve 瞬态性能曲线marker lamp, left front 左前示廓灯marker lamp, right front 右前示廓灯mass flow rate 质量流动速率master cylinder 制动主缸,总泵,刹车总泵master cylinder and vacuum booster 制动主缸及真空助力器master cylinder body 制动主缸缸体master cylinder cover 制动主缸缸盖mate 合笼max gas direct 混合器走向max. amps 最大电流MAX. power 最大功率Max. torque 最大扭距Maximum Loading Capacity 最大载重量maximum out-of round(all journals) 最大不圆度（所有轴径）maximum output 最大功率Maximum Stable Inclination Angle 最大稳定倾斜角maximum taper(all journals) 最大锥度（所有轴径）Maximum Torque 最大扭矩Measuring equipment 度量装备Measuring tape 卷尺mechanical steering 机械转向器median seating plane 座椅中心面medical treatment and epidemics prevention vehicle 医疗防疫车Meter 仪表metering rod 计量杆metering rod arm 计量杆摇臂metering rod arm assy. 计量杆摇臂总成metering valve 限流阀,限压阀micro-air direct 微量空气走向microphone 话筒Middle density foam rubber 中密度泡沫橡胶min. output voltage at 1000r/min 1000r/min 最小输出电压min. rpm 最小转速Minimum Ground Clearance 最小离地间隙Mini-sized 微型mini-sized motor vehicle 小型机动车。

齿轮副gear pair平行轴齿轮副gear pair with parallel axes 相交轴齿轮副gear pair with intersecting axles交错轴齿轮副gear pair with non-parallel齿轮系gear train复合行星齿轮系compound planetary gear train配对齿轮mating gears小齿轮pinion大齿轮wheel行星齿轮planet gear行星架planet carrier太阳轮sun gear内齿圈ring gear外齿轮external gear内齿轮internal gear减速齿轮副speed reducing gear pair 增速齿轮副speed increasing gear train 中心距centre distance轴交角shaft angle连心线line of centres齿数比gear ratio传动比transmission ratio 减速比speed reducing ratio 参考平面reference planes轴平面axial plane基准平面datum plane节平面pitch plane端平面transverse plane法平面normal plane遐想曲面imaginary srufaces 分度曲面reference surface节曲面pitch surface齿顶曲面tip surface齿根曲面root surface基本齿廓basic rack tooth profile 产形齿条counterpart rack基准线datum line轮齿特性teeth characteristics 轮齿gear齿槽tooth space右旋齿right-hand teeth左旋齿left-hand teeth齿面tooth flank右侧齿面right flank左侧齿面left flank同侧齿面corresponding flanks 异侧齿面opposite flanks工作齿面working flank非工作齿面non-working flank 相齿齿面mating flank可用齿面rsable flank有效齿面active flank上齿面addendum flank 下齿面dedendum flank 齿根过渡曲面fillet齿顶面crest top land齿槽底面（槽底）bottom land齿廓tooth profile端面齿廓transverse profile 法向齿廓normal profile轴向齿廓axial profile齿线tooth trace齿棱tip surface模数module端面模数transverse module法面模数normal module轴向模数axial module径节diametral pitch当量齿数virtual number of teeth 头数number of threads螺旋线helix and spirals圆锥螺旋线conical spiral螺旋角helix angle导程lead导程角lead angle摆线trochoids外摆线eqicycloid圆心渐开线involute to a circle 延伸渐开线prolate involute 螺旋面helicoid干涉interference修形correction of the flank shape 修像tip relief修根root relief齿面修形axial modification齿端修薄end relief鼓形修整crowning挖根undercut瞬时轴instantaneous axis啮合engagement mesh端面啮合线transverse path of contact啮合齿面surface of action啮合平面plane of action重合度contact ratio and overlap ratio 总作用弧total arc of transmission纵向作用弧overlap arc总作用角total angle of transmission径向变位系数overlap arc圆程齿轮和圆柱齿轮副ckyclindrical gears and gear pairs 齿条rack直齿轮spur gear斜齿轮helical gear直齿条spur rack大字齿轮double-helical gear渐开线齿轮involute cylindrical gear 圆弧圆柱齿轮circular -arc gear分度圆柱面reference cylinder节圆柱面pitch cylinder基圆柱面base cylinder齿顶圆柱面tip cylinder齿根圆柱面root cylinder节点pitch point分度圆pitch line节圆pitch circle基圆base circle齿顶圆（顶圆）tip circle齿根圆（根圆）root circle法向螺旋线normal helix齿距pitch齿距角angular pitch公法线总长base tangent length分度圆直径reference diameter 齿高tooth depth齿宽face width齿顶高dedendum齿根高dedendum弦齿高chordal height固定弦齿高constant cord height 齿厚tooth thickness惊险电影thriller movie电影院常客cinemogoer以惊险的谋杀疑案为主线thriller nuder mystery at its heart 顶隙bottom clearance圆周侧隙circumferential backlash法向侧隙normal backlash径向侧隙radial backlash锥齿轮bevel gear锥齿轮副bevel gear pair准双曲面齿轮副hypoid gear pair冠轮crown gear端面齿盘contrate gear直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear斜齿锥齿轮helical bevel gear曲线齿锥齿轮spiral bevel gear弧齿锥齿轮gleason spiral bevel gear 摆线齿锥齿轮overlikon spiral bevel gear 零度锥齿轮zerol bevel gear分度圆锥面reference cone分度圆reference circle分锥顶点reference cone apex外锥距outer cone distance分度圆直径reference diameter齿高tooth depth齿顶高addendum齿根高dedendum工作高度working depth弦齿高chordal height齿距pitch齿距pitch齿厚tooth thickness弦齿厚chordal tooth thickness齿槽宽space width齿宽face width安装距locating distance轮冠距tip distance冠顶距apex to crown顶隙bottom clearance分度圆锥角reference cone angle 齿顶角addendum angle齿根角dedendum angle压力角pressure angle齿厚半角tooth thickness half angle槽宽半角apace width half angle轮椅升降机Wheel chair lift图例legend工位station吊运装置overhead hoist更衣室restroom1号厂房工艺布置方案图proposal of the Plant I layout 合笼mate底盘平移台chassis shuttle车辆转移台bus transfer前围角板front wall angle cover后围侧板rear wall side cover保险杠bumper三类底盘three type chassis左侧围应力蒙皮R/S stretching skin (road side)中涂floating coat拼装台collector切割轮口wheel -arch cutting内饰trim线束harness返工re-doing轮罩护板wheel house发车前准备pre-delivery举升hoist小批量产品be pilot2 套two kits配电站power transformer substation裙板skirt发动机托架engine holding frame诊断报警系统diagnosis and alarming system 互换性interchangeability缩微图纸microfiche files总装final assembly磷化phosphating仪表板dash board切齐trimming结构完整性structure integrity自动愈合的防腐材料self-healing corrosion preventative material 长途客车inter-city bus改装厂refitting factory遮阳板sun visor随车工具tool box钢化玻璃toughened grass异形钢管special steel pipe全天候空调系统full range A/C强制通风ram-air ventilation停机时间downtime无公害柴油clean diesel宽敞悬臂式座椅roomy cantilevered seat防滑地板no-skid floor织物纹里铝合金textured aluminum extrution爬坡能力grade ability排水阀drain valve除湿器moisture ejector怠速时at idle琴式驱动桥banjo type drive axle通风口duct恒温控制thermostatic control平衡水箱surge tank变光开关simmer switch消音器muffler防破坏vandal resistant聚碳化透镜poly-carbonate len镀锌板galvanized plate搭接lap亮丽的外表smart apperance隐藏式固定concealed fastening水洼ponding发动机中置式客车bus with under floor engine 组合式客车车身modular bus body薄壳式结构shell construction衬垫pad空气导流板air deflector搁梁shelf beam腰梁waist rail梭梁stabilizing beam腰带式安全带diagonal safety belt压条trim strip嵌条insertion strip翼板fender斜撑bracing piece转向盘回正性试验test of steering wheel returnability转向盘转角脉冲试验steering wheel impulse input test转向盘转角阶跃输入试验steering wheel step input or transient state yaw response test极限侧向加速度试验limiting lateral acceleration test汽车平顺性随机输入行驶试验automobile ride random input running test汽车平顺性单脉冲输入行驶试验automobile ride single pulse input running test 汽车悬挂系统固有频率与阻尼比的测定试验measurement of natural frequency and damping raito of suspension功率突然变化影响试验test of effect of sudden power change收油门后控制试验test of control at breakway横风稳定性试验test of crosswind stability反冲试验kick-back test轮胎爆破响应时间试验test of burst response of tyre绕过障碍物试验obstacle avoidance test移线试验lane change testJ型转弯试验test of J turn频率响应时间试验frequency response test瞬态响应时间试验transient response test阶路响应时间试验step response test脉冲响应试验pulse response test静态操舵力试验static steering effort test悬架举升试验jack-up test of suspension耐翻倾试验test of overturning immunity轮辋错动试验rim slip test风洞试验wind tunnel test制动稳定性试验test of braking stability最小转弯直径试验minimum turning diameter test 操舵力试验steering effort test汽车发动机类型type发动机engine内燃机intenal combusiton engine动力机装置power unit汽油机gasoline engine汽油喷射式汽油机gasoline-injection engine火花点火式发动机spark ignition engine压燃式发动机compression ignition engine往复式内燃机reciprocating internal combustion engine化油器式发动机carburetor engine柴油机diesel engine转子发动机rotary engine旋轮线转子发动机rotary trochoidal engine二冲程发动机two-stroke engine四冲程发动机four-stroke engine直接喷射式柴油机direct injection engine间接喷射式柴油机indirect injection engine 增压式发动机supercharged engine风冷式发动机air-cooled engine油冷式发动机oil-cooled engine水冷式发动机water-cooled engine自然进气式发动机naturally aspirated engine 煤气机gas engine液化石油气发动机liquified petroleum gas engine 柴油煤气机diesel gas engine多种燃料发动机multifuel engine石油发动机hydrocarbon engine双燃料发动机duel fuel engine热球式发动机hot bulb engine多气缸发动机multiple cylinder engine对置活塞发动机opposed piston engine对置气缸式发动机opposed-cylinder engine十字头型发动机cross head engine直列式发动机in-line engine星型发动机radial engine筒状活塞发动机trunk-piston engine斯特林发动机stirling engine套阀式发动机knight engine气孔扫气式发动机port-scavenged engine 倾斜式发动机slant engine前置式发动机front-engine后置式发动机rear-engine中置式发动机central engine左侧发动机left-hand engine右侧发动机right-hand engine短冲程发动机oversquare engine长冲程发动机undersquare engine等径程发动机square engine顶置凸轮轴发动机overhead camshaft engine双顶置凸轮轴发动机dual overhead camshaft engine V形发动机V-engine顶置气门发动机valve in-head engine侧置气门发动机side valve engine无气门发动机valveless engine 多气门发动机multi-valve engine 卧式发动机horizontal engine 斜置式发动机inclined engine立式发动机vertical engineW形发动机w-engineI形发动机I-engineL形发动机L-engineF形发动机F-engine性能performance二冲程循环two-stroke cycle四冲程循环four-stroke cycle狄塞尔循环diesel cycle奥托循环otto cycle混合循环mixed cycle定容循环constant volume cycle 工作循环working cycle等压循环constant pressure cycle 理想循环ideal cycle热力循环thermodynamic cycle 冲程stroke活塞行程piston stroke长行程long stroke上行程up stroke下行程down stroke进气行程intake stroke充气行程charging stroke压缩行程compression stroke 爆炸行程explosion stroke膨胀行程expansion stroke 动力行程power stroke排气行程exhaust stroke膨胀换气行程expansion-exchange stroke换气压缩行程exchange-compression stroke止点dead center上止点top dead center(upper dead center)下止点lower dead center(bottom dead center) 上止点前budc(before upper dead center)上止点后atdc(after top dead cetner)下止点前bbdc(before bottom dead center)下止点后abdc(after bottom dead center) 缸径cylinder bore缸径与行程bore and stroke空气室energy chamber气缸余隙容积cylinder clearance volume燃烧室容积combustion chamber volume 气缸最大容积maximum cylinder volume压缩室compression chamber排气量displacement发动机排量engine displacement活塞排量piston swept volume气缸容量cylinder capacity单室容量single-chamber capacity 容积法volumetry压缩比compression ratio临界压缩比critical compression ratio 膨胀比expansion ratio面容比surface to volume ratio 行程缸径比stroke-bore ratio混合比mixture ratio压缩压力compression pressure制动平均有效压力brake mean effective pressure(bmep) 空燃比air fuel ratio燃空比fuel air ratio燃料当量比fuel equivalence ratio扭矩torque单缸功率power per cylinder升功率power per liter升扭矩torque per liter升质量mass per liter减额功率derating power输出马力shaft horsepower马力小时，马力时horsepower-hour总马力gross horse power总功率gross power净功率net power燃油消耗量fuel consumption比燃料消耗率specific fuel consumption 空气消耗率air consumption机油消耗量oil consumption有效马力net horse power额定马力rated horse power马力重量系数horsepower-weight factor 制动功率brake horse power制动热效率brake thermal efficiency总效率overall efficiency排烟极限功率smoke limiting horsepower 功率曲线power curve机械损失mechanical loss机械效率mechanical efficiency有效热效率effective thermal efficiency充气系数volumetric efficiency过量空气系数coefficient of excess air适应性系数adaptive coefficient扭矩适应性系数coefficient of torque adaptibility 转速适应性系数speed adaptive coefficient强化系数coefficient of intensification校正系数correction factor换算系数conversion factor活塞平均速度mean piston speed发动机转速engine speed (rotational frequency) 怠速转速idling speed经济转速economic speed起动转速starting speed最低稳定工作转速lowest continuous speed with load 最大扭矩转速speed at maximum torque最高空转转速maximum no load governed speed 调速speed governing超速overspeed怠速idling转速波动率speed fluctuation rate工况working condition(operating mode) 额定工况declared working condition变工况variable working condition稳定工况steady working condition空载no-load全负荷full load超负荷overload部分负荷part load充量（进气）charge旋转方向direction of rotation 顺时针clockwise逆时针counter-clockwise 左转left-hand rotation 右转right-hand rotation 外径major diameter中径pitch diameter内径minor diameter径向间隙radial clearance发动机性能engine performance加载性能loading performance起动性能starting performance加速性能acceleration performance动力性能power performance排放性能emission performance空转特性no load characteristics负荷特性part throttle characteristics调速特性governor control characteristics 万有特性mapping characteristics稳定调速率steady state speed governing rate气缸体和气缸盖cylinder block and head 气缸体cylinder block整体铸造cast inblock (cast enblock) 发动机罩engine bonnet气缸体加强筋engine block stiffening rib 气缸cylinder（转子机）缸体stator缸径cylinder bore气缸体机架cylinder block frame气缸盖cylinder head配气机构箱valve mechanism casing气缸体隔片cylinder spacer气缸盖密封环cylinder head ring gasket气缸盖垫片cylinder head gasket气缸套cylinder liner(cylinder sleeve) 干式缸套dry cylinder liner湿式缸套wet cylinder liner气缸水套water jacket膨胀塞expansion plug防冻塞freeze plug气缸壁cylinder wall环脊ring ridge排气口exhaust port中间隔板intermediate bottum 导板guideway创成半径（转子机）generating radius缸体宽度（转子机）operating width机柱column燃烧室combustion chamber 主燃烧室main combustion chamber副燃烧室subsidiary combustion chamber预燃室prechamber涡流燃烧室`swirl combustion chamber分开式燃烧室divided combustion chamber涡流式燃烧室turbulence combustion chamber半球形燃烧室hemispherical combustion chamber 浴盆形燃烧室bathtub section combustion chamber L形燃烧室L-combustion chamber楔形燃烧室wedge-section combustion chamber 开式燃烧室open combustion chamber封闭喷射室closed spray chamber活塞顶内燃烧室piston chamber爆发室explosion chamber燃烧室容积比volume ratio of combustion cahmber燃烧室口径比surface-volume ratio of combustion chamber 通道面积比area ratio of combustion chamber passage 曲轴箱通气口crankcase breather凸轮轴轴承座camshaft bearing bush seat定时齿轮室罩camshaft drive(gear)cover曲轴箱检查孔盖crankcase door曲轴箱防爆门crankcase explosion proof door 主轴承盖main bearing cap气缸盖罩valve mechanism cover飞轮壳flywheel cover扫气储器scavenging air receiver活塞piston裙部开槽活塞split skirt pistonU形槽活塞U-slot piston滚花修复活塞knurled piston圆顶活塞dome head piston平顶活塞flat head piston凸顶活塞crown head piston(convex head piston) 凹顶活塞concave head piston阶梯顶活塞step-head piston筒形活塞trunk piston椭圆形活塞oval piston抗热变形活塞autothermic piston不变间隙活塞constant clearance piston镶因瓦钢片活塞invar strut piston直接冷却式活塞direct-cooled piston 间接冷却式活塞indirect cooled piston 滑裙活塞slipper piston活塞速度piston speed活塞顶部piston head活塞裙部piston skirt整体活塞裙solid skirt活塞裙扩大衬簧piston skirt expander 滑履式活塞裙slipper skirt隔热槽heat dam活塞标记。

Unit 1EXERCISE 21.内燃机2. a reciprocating engine3. 废气排放4. fuel consumption5. 燃油经济性6. combustion chamber7. 混合动力汽车8. mass production9. 双燃料汽车10. air-cooled engineEXERCISE 31. A diesel engine2. internal combustion engine3. diesel engines4. converts … into5. in a reciprocating engine6. engine7. four strokes cycle8. electric motorEXERCISE 51. diesel engines, in many aspects/respects/ways, work in the same way as gasoline engines2. makes the car and the truck move3. every time it was required to stop the car4. Some of parts make the car more comfortable or better looking5. if allowed to remain in the engineEXERCISE 61. years2. solve3. basically4. exhaust pipe5. without6. benefited7. based on8. in the 80’s9. runs out 10. the right side EXERCISE 81. 代用燃料汽车2. 高科技汽车3. 混合动力电动汽车4. 在节气门上方5. 发动机控制系统6. 发动机控制模块EXERCISE 91. 1）that is stopping oil from circulating 2）The engine’s valve lifters are collapsed2. 1）The engine may have mechanical problems2）The engine’s piston rings may be wornUnit 2EXERCISE 21.汽油(发动)机2. in low-speed driving conditions3. 达到各种不同的目的4. higher energy density5. 电动机6. air conditioning7. 反馈制动8. power source9.资源消耗10. dashboard displayEXERCISE 31.co nverts…into2. shut off3. hybrid electric vehicles4. transmission5. slow down6. generator7. the most efficient operation8. current standard vehiclesEXERCISE 51. reflect the spirit of the time2. electric motors, steam engines and internal combustion engines3. a speed and power changing device4. reducing fuel consumption, lowering exhausted emissions, and reducing engine noise5. are increasingly becoming more prevalentEXERCISE 61. W12 engines2. three cylinders3. rear wheel drive4. at an average speed5. currently6. based on7. camshafts8. Due toEXERCISE 81.可变气门相位和升程电子控制装置2.上止点3.每分钟转数4.单顶置凸轮5. 双顶置凸轮6. 下止点7.前置发动机前轮驱动8. 混合动力汽车EXERCISE 91.1）the same air pressure 2）linkage2.1）out of alignment 2）out of adjustmentUnit 3EXERCISE 21. 气门机构2. pushrod engine3. 气门弹簧4. timing chain5. 气门锥面6. steel alloy7. 气门座8. timing belt9. 挺柱10. at high engine speed EXERCISE 31. valve2. valve train3.intake and exhaust ports4. valve face5. push rods6. rocker arm7. camshaft8. valve springEXERCISE 51. transmit the force from the camshaft to the pushrods2. the intake valves heat less during engine operation3. the valve spring provides the force necessary to close the valve4. the valve train should undergo regular maintenance5. the more power strokes produced for each revolutionEXERCISE 61. engine operation2. valve rotator3. grooves4. freely5. which6. is compressed7. causes8. against9. roll down 10. the valveEXERCISE 81. 顶置双凸轮轴2. 顶置单凸轮轴3. 顶置气门4. 电子控制装置5. 三菱新气门相位和升程电子控制装置6. 智能可变气门相位7. 智能可变气门相位和升程电子控制装置8. 可变气门升程EXERCISE 91. 1）out of alignment 2）tires2. 1）low 2）the transmissionUnit 4EXERCISE 21. 一次电路2. ignition system3. 磁力场4. spark plug wire5. 曲轴正时传感器6. distributor cap7. 点火线圈一次绕组8. control module9. 分电器触点10. breaker pointEXERCISE 31. spark plug2. ignition system3. ignition coil4. ignition switch5. An electronic ignition system6. the secondary windings7. battery8. primary windingsEXERCISE 51. changes electron flow into light and the horn into sound2. every vehicle has its own ignition system and is started by it3. consists of these parts like spark plugs, wiring, distributor, ignition coil, andsource of electrical current4. it would soon become discharged5. The mixture comes to exploding burningEXERCISE 61. an automotive starter2. connects3. ignition switch4. simultaneously5. magnetic fields6. Immediately7. connecting plate8. So9. meanwhile 10. keep onEXERCISE 81. 传统点火系统2. 电子点火系统3. 点火4. 点火上止点5. 直接点火6. 无分电器点火EXERCISE 91. 1）wheel lug nuts 2）worn or damaged2.1）the correct pressure 2）needs to be replacedUnit 5EXERCISE 21.手动变速器2. automatic transmission3. 行星齿轮组4. transaxle assembly5. 差速器6. clutch pedal7. 变速杆8. release bearing9. 发动机制动10. torque converterEXERCISE 31.manual transmissions2. a torque converter3. the power train4. the drive shaft5. The clutch6. the flywheel7.the clutch pedal8. clutch release bearing EXERCISE 51. from the engine through the power train to the car2. If your car transmission needs repairs or replacement3. the gear ratio would be similar to third gear4. does not require any regular maintenance or adjustments5. depending on the type of drive usedEXERCISE 61. automatically2. depressing3. An automatic transmission4. other operating conditions5. down-shifts6. manually7. Depending on8. during9. consists of 10. reaction membersEXERCISE 81. 前轮驱动2. 后轮驱动3. 四轮驱动4. 动力输5. 传动系控制模块6. 动力分配装置EXERCISE 91. 1）an internal problem in transmission 2）out of adjustment or damaged2.1）internal transmission problems 2）the vacuum line is disconnected Unit 6EXERCISE 21. 制动系统2. the parking brake3.行车制动系统4. the disk brake5. 手制动6.the brake shoe7. 鼓式制动器8. brake pads9. 制动性能10. brake fluid EXERCISE 31. breaking system2. Brake fluid3. the brake pedal4. slowing down5. friction6. the service brake7. The brake lining8. The brake drumEXERCISE 51. is actually a friction device to change power into heat2. the mechanical brakes and the hydraulic brakes3. the automobile brake system4. The tops of shoes are held apart by a wheel cylinder5. to prevent rust and corrosionEXERCISE 61. a valve2. chambers3. the brake pedal4. the power assist5. reliable6. however7. In order to8. shuts off9. after that 10. much pressureEXERCISE 81.制动力2. 制动调节阀3. 制动块4. 制动功率5. 平均有效制动压力6. 制动主缸EXERCISE 91. 1）in the hydraulic circuit 2）dangerously worn 3）the wrong type of fluid2. 1）lubrication badly 2）inside your rear brakesEXERCISE 21. 悬架系统2. front suspension system3. 空气压缩机4. torque tube5. 桥壳定位6. coil spring7. 下控制臂8. rebound clip9. 牵引杆10. control armEXERCISE 31. leaf springs2. suspension3. Shock absorber4. springs5. coil springs6. pivot from side to side7. torsion bars8. rebound clipsEXERCISE 51. springs are the major component2. one of the major automobile system3. the use of suspension system has increased strength and durability of components4. transmits the weight of the body and other components to the axles and wheels5. having a piston force fluid through a small openingEXERCISE 61. the rear axle2. front3. independently4. the latter5. Dependent front suspensions6. Basically7. a solid bar8. mainstream cars 9. move 10. especiallyEXERCISE 81. 悬架2. 车架高度3. 前桥4. 后桥5. 钢板弹簧6. 扭杆弹簧EXERCISE 91. 1）should be replaced with the correct type 2）the wrong type of fluid was put in your car2. 1）pump is bad 2）be lubricated or repairedUnit 8EXERCISE 21. 齿轮齿条转向2. steering shaft3. 循环球转向4. steering wheel5. 横拉杆内接头6. steering arm7. 横拉杆外接头8. steering gear9. 机械效益10. steering systemEXERCISE 31.influence upon2. steering gear3.steering wheel4.consists of5. ball nut6. move up and down7. rack-and-pinion steering8. steering armsEXERCISE 51. steering wheel, steering gears, linkages, and other components2. causes the pitman shaft and arm to rotate3. prevent side-slip of all automobile wheels in cornering4. steering gear plays a important role5. manual steering system and power steering systemEXERCISE 61. fluid2. manual steering gear3. larger4. a high pressure5. special oil6. same7. steering arms8. includes9. the other end 10. the intermediate rodEXERCISE 81. 汽车稳定性控制2. 全球公认的杰作3. 防抱死制动系统4. 防抱死制动系统控制模块5.(防抱死制动系统)转速脉冲传感器6. 动力转向控制装置7. 动力转向8. 多用途赛车，运动型多用途车EXERCISE 91. 1）be lubricated 2）be adjusted 3）the power steering unit2. 1）bad 2）leak 3）incorrectUnit 9EXERCISE 21. 润滑系统2. moving component3. 循环机油4. compression pressure5. 集滤器6. pressure-regulator valve7. 旁通阀8. oil filter9. 循环流体10. operating temperatureEXERCISE 31. moving parts2. oil pump3. oil pan4. lubricate5. oil filter6. friction7. drain8. passagesEXERCISE 51. The engine can work effectively2. an automobile could not run itself3. contains mechanical parts such as the oil pump, the oil filter, the oil pressurerelief valve, etc.4. it absorbs and carries the heat away from the engine parts5. forms a good seal between piston rings and cylinder wallsEXERCISE 61. build up2. pumps3. camshaft4. suffer from5. replacement6. oil pressure7. filters8. However9. possibility 10. greatlyEXERCISE 81. 冷却液温度控制2. 润滑油3. 润滑油泵4. 长效冷却液5. 机油润滑轴承6. 换油期限EXERCISE 91）the radiator coolant reservoir is a plastic tank near radiator2）if the level is low, remove the top of the reservoir and add coolant3）don't try to remove the radiator cap when the engine is hotUnit 10EXERCISE 21. 安全气囊模块2. gas generator3. 散热器支架4. peak load5. 固态化学气体6. trim cover7. 保护板8. airbag sensor9. 中央气囊传感器总成10. deployment of airbagsEXERCISE 31. the air bag system2. the sensor3. The inflator4. Seatbelts5. pretensioner6. collision7. a high strength fiber8. injuryEXERCISE 5automotive designs that reflect the feature of the timea center airbag sensor, safe sensors, ignition control and drive circuit, diagnosis circuit, etc.All connectors in the airbag system are colored yellowto ensure high reliabilityto be met the new SRS airbag system of the vehicleEXERCISE 61. one place2. specific model3. figuring out4. familiar with5. in the system6. the heat7. expansion valve8. adds heatEXERCISE 81. (乘员保护装置) 辅助约束系统2. 空气流量传感器3. (乘员) 安全气囊式约束装置4. 防抱死制动系统5. 电动空气调节阀6. 辅助空气调节EXERCISE 91）bad 2）leak 3）incorrect三、段落翻译复习范围：Unit 1 Passage A: 第一段，第三段；Unit 2 Passage A: 第一段，第二段；Unit 3 Passage A: 第二段，第五段；Unit 4 Passage A: 第一段（包括后面的1,2,3），最后一段；Unit 5 Passage A: 第一段，第六段；Unit 6 Passage A: 第一、二段，最后一段；Unit 7 Passage A: 第一段，第四段；Unit 8 Passage A: 第一段，第七段（包括后面的1, 2，On most cars,……）；Unit 9 Passage A: 第一段，第五段；Unit 10 Passage A: 第一段，第二段。

第15单元课文B纯电动商用车整车布置设计与纯电动乘用车相比，纯电动商用车的布置空间更加宽裕。

本节简要论述纯电动商用车整车布置原那么及主要内容。

纯电动商用车的整车布置应满足平安、环保和相关法规、国际惯例要求，以及相应的功能、性能要求。

整车的总体平衡是车辆布置的基础，设计时应把使用性能放在首位，然后按照制造、维修、造型的顺序来考虑问题，从而使整车好用、好修、好造、好看。

整车布置应配合协调，与外形构思相适应。

纯电动商用车应重点考虑高压元器件防水、防尘、防火等性能，符合造型的风格和要求，充分考虑车身与底盘、高压元器件的装配要求。

纯电动商用车的高压元器件主要由电驱动系统、储能装置、电附件、电控单元、受电装置等相关高压零部件组成。

各系统之间通过电控单元保证整车平安运行。

动力电池组等储能装置根据市场需求主要有底置中段加后段和顶置加底置后段布局形式：底置应充分考虑储能装置散热、保温需求以及防碰撞要求，顶置储能装置应增加相应防护罩。

电器附件、电控单元主要集中布置在车辆末排座椅下方及后高压元器件舱体，电控单元与后围保证一定的平安距离。

如有受电装置.，那么一般将受电装置布置于车顶。

低地板或低入11纯电动客车的设计应符合国标，布置整车高压元器件时应保证整车的轮罩间通道的宽度与坡度、一级踏步离地高度以及车厢内高度等整体空间设计要求。

其中，前轮罩间宽度的要求具体如下。

对于车长W9m的低地板、低入口客车，前轮罩间的通道宽2550mm。

对于车长＞9m的低地板客车，前轮罩间通道宽2800mm。

对于车长＞9m的低入I I客车，前轮罩间通道宽2600mm。

后轮罩间的通道宽2500mm；轮罩间通道宽度应在地板面至上方1800mm的范围内测量。

通道坡度在车辆处于正常行驶质量且车身升降系统不工作时，纵向坡度应不超过8%,横向坡度应不超过5%o一级踏步离地高度应在车身处「正常行驶质量且放置在平整水平面时测量，具体要求如下。

低地板客车的一级踏步离地距离W360mm。