Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook ThreeUnit Six: HappinessPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇Sit in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following questions.1. Are you happy with your college life? Why or why not?2. What was the happiest moment in your life as far as you can remember?3. Can money alone bring happiness? Why or why not?▇ Answers for reference:1. I feel happy with my college life. Away from my parents, I‟m learning to live independently and I enjoy a lot of freedom that I have never experienced before. My life at college is easy and carefree. The teachers are professional and my classmates are friendly and helpful. I have access to lots of modern facilities and I can take part in many interesting activities. So I regard college life as the most enjoyable period in my life.I‟m not feeling so happy, because I‟m not used to the heavy work load and I feel lonely, homesick or bored with school life that has lasted for over ten years.2. (Open.)3. Yes. Because I think money is just like a magic wand (魔杖) that can change everything in the world today. It can bring you all you want, including happiness.No. We cannot deny the fact that money is important. It can help keep us free from want and ensure a happy life. But happiness is based on both material and spiritual welfare. The sense of achievement and self-fulfillment sometimes brings us even greater satisfaction. Money does contribute to material welfare. Yet, material welfare alone cannot bring us happiness.Section B Quotes▇Study the following quotes about happiness. Which quote(s) do you like best? Why?⊙Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence.—— Aristotle Interpretation:This quotation reveals the important role of happiness in human life. It is human nature to seek and enjoy happiness. Otherwise, human existence would be aimless and meaningless.AristotleAbout Aristotle:Aristotle (384 BC-322 BC): a student of Plato and a famous ancient Greek philosopher. During his life, he wrote numerous books on logic (逻辑学), natural science, ethics (伦理学), politics, and rhetoric (修辞学), etc. His works include Physics, On the Soul (《论灵魂》),Posterior Analytics(《后分析篇》), History ofAnimals (《动物志》),Politics,Rhetoric, Poetics (《诗学》), etc. Aristotle is considered to be one of the greatest thinkers of Europe and his works are still widely quoted today.⊙We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume wealth without producing it.—— George Bernard Shaw Interpretation:Shaw reminds us that we have two identities both as producer and as consumer. We should produce wealth first and then enjoy it. It is also true of happiness.George Bernard ShawAbout George Bernard Shaw:George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950): an Irish writer famous especially for his plays, which criticize society and the moral values of the time. His best known works include the historical plays Caesar and Cleopatra (《恺撒和克娄巴特拉》) and St Joan (《圣女贞德》), and the comedy Pygmalion (《皮格马利翁》), which was later turned into the popular musical show My Fair Lady (《窈窕淑女》).⊙Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort.—— Franklin D. Roosevelt Interpretation:According to Roosevelt, money alone does not mean happiness. True happiness comes when one has succeeded in doing something or when one has done something that has not been done before. The sense of achievement and job satisfaction will bring you immense happiness.Franklin D. RooseveltAbout Franklin D. Roosevelt:Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945): the thirty-second president of the US, from 1933 to 1945. He helped to end the Great Depression (经济大萧条) by starting the New Deal (新政), a program of social and economic changes. He also tried to give support to the Allies (同盟国) without getting the US involved in World War II, but when Japan attacked the US in 1941, he was forced to get the country to join the war. During his lifetime Roosevelt was elected President of the US four times.⊙The surest way to happiness is to lose yourself in a cause greater than yourself. The secret of happiness is not in doing what one likes, but in liking what one does.—— James M. Barrie Interpretation:Barrie believes that we should indulge ourselves in a right cause—a cause that is greater than ourselves. Once we have chosen the right cause, we should learn to love it and pursue it resolutely. If we are dedicated to what we feel obliged to do, we will surely do it well and the resulting sense of fulfillment will bring about truehappiness.James M. BarrieAbout James M. Barrie:James M. Barrie (1860-1937): a Scottish playwright and novelist. He is best remembered for his play Peter Pan (《彼得·潘》), a supernatural fantasy about a boy who refuses to grow up.Section C Watching and Discussion▇Watch the following video clip “Is Culture a Factor in How We View Happiness?” and do the tasks that follow:1. Lynn Ianni (Psychotherapist) gives expert advice on happiness in the video. Pay attention to what she says and fill in the missing words.Eve rybody‟s philosoph y is going to determine what they feel is their optimum level of happiness and what opportunity they have to actually attain it. So there are cultural factors that probably weigh in and as you independently try to figure out whether or not you are happy and what chance you have to increase your level of happiness, those cultural factors are gonna play a part. The messages that you received from your family, from your environment, from your philosophy or religious belief system or cultural belief system are all going to be relevant. And those things are things that you need to explore, understand, analyze, take apart, and modify.2. Discuss the topic with your group members: Do you agree with the psychologist that cultural factors playa pa rt in one’s happiness?▇Answers for reference:(Open.)Script：Is Culture a Factor in How We View Happiness?I think that different cultures have different expectations about what they believe is the optimum level of happiness. And some cultures really teach, you know, survival because of where that nation is or where that culture is in those moments and in that time. So if they allow a person to really believe that happiness is within their grasp that culture has an opportunity to sort of instill that belief across the board. Some cultures really prize self sacrifice, some cultures prize altruism, some belief systems or religious theories. Everybody‟s philosophy is going to determine what they feel is their optimum level of happiness and what opportunity they have to actually attain it. So there are cultural factors that probably weigh in and as you independently try to figure out whether or not you are happy and what chance you have to increase your level of happiness, those cultural factors are gonna play a part. The messages that you received from your family, from your environment, from your philosophy or religious belief system or cultural belief system are all going to be relevant. And those things are things that you need to explore, understand, analyze, take apart, and modify. Because if you want to change how you feel within and those things are factors that are creating the feelings that you actually have especially if they are your cognitive frame work. You have to change the frame work in order for the picture to be different.Part II Listen and RespondSection A Word Bankcommit suicide kill oneself deliberately 自杀lottery▲ n. [C] a system in which many numbered tickets are sold, some of which are later chosen by chance and prizes given to those who bought them 抽彩给奖法mean a. (of people or their behaviour) unworthy; unkind （指人或人的行为）卑鄙的，不善良的unfulfilled a. 未得到满足的；未完成的Section B Task One: Focusing on the Main IdeasChoose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences according to the information contained in the listening passage.1)According to the speaker, happiness _____________.A)is not easily obtained by poor peopleB)is what movie stars are most eager to obtainC)does not naturally follow wealth or successD)necessarily results from wealth or success2)According to the speaker, happiness lies in the following EXCEPT ___________.A)wealth obtained through honest effortB)wealth obtained by winning lotteriesC)your contribution to others‟ happinessD)your successful work3) Instead of being an end, happiness is a(n) ____________.A) beginningB) processC) unattainable goalD) business of the community4) The passage is mainly about ____________.A) the secret to happinessB) the definition of happinessC) the misunderstanding of happinessD) the relationship between happiness and wealth▇ Answers for Reference:1) C 2) B 3) B 4) ASection C Task Two: Zooming In on the Details▇Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.1) The world is full of very rich people who are as ___________ as if they were ______________.2) If you obtain wealth through ________ or______________, you will not be happy with it. You will think you are a mean person.3) Long-term happiness is based on ____________, and ______________, contribution, and self-esteem.4) If your happiness depends on ______________, you will always feel unfulfilled because there will always be something ___________.▆ Answers:1) The world is full of very rich people who are as miserable as if they were living in hell.2) If you obtain wealth through luck or dishonest means, you will not be happy with it. You will think you area mean person.3) Long-term happiness is based on honesty and productive work, contribution, and self-esteem.4) If your happiness depends on external circumstances, you will always feel unfulfilled because there will always be something missing.Script:HappinessMany people think that when they become rich and successful, happiness will naturally follow. Let me tell you this is not true. The world is full of very rich people who are as miserable as if they were living in hell. We have read stories about movie stars who committed suicide or died from drugs. Quite clearly, money is not the only answer to all problems.Wealth obtained through dishonest means does not bring happiness. Lottery winnings do not bring happiness. To my mind, the secret to happiness lies in your successful work, in your contribution to others‟ happiness and in the wealth you have earned through your own honest effort. If you obtain wealth through luck or dishonest means, you will not be happy with it. You will think you are a mean person.Long-term happiness is based on honesty and productive work, contribution, and self-esteem.Happiness is not an end; it is a process. It is a continuous process of honest and productive work which makes a real contribution to others and makes you feel you are a useful, worthy person. As one writer put it, “There is no way to happiness. Happiness is the way.” It‟s no use saying, “Someday when I achieve these goals, when I get a car, build a house and own my own business, then I will be really happy.” Life just does not work that way. If you wait for certain things to happen and depend on external circumstances of life to make you happy, you will always feel unfulfilled. There will always be something missing.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main Ideas1. Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1) Why did the author bring the news story about Ted Turner to Morrie?2) What problem did Morrie think Ted Turner actually had?3) Who paid a visit to Morrie the night before? And how did he feel about it?4) What did material things mean to Morrie?5) According to Morrie, what are Americans brainwashed into believing? What do they expect from materialthings?6) Does the author think that Morrie was rich? Why or why not?7) What did Morrie suggest that we should do to find a meaningful life?▆ Answers for Reference:1) Because he wondered how Morrie would react to Ted Turner‟s failure in “snatching up the CBS network”.At the same time he wanted to know if Ted Turner would still lament his failure if he were stricken down by the same terminal disease as Morrie was suffering from.2) His problem was a typical one that Americans all have: Americans tend to value the wrong things.3) A local a cappela group came to visit him. He showed an intense interest in their musical performance andfelt excited.4) They held little or no significance to him, especially at a time when he knew his days were numbered. Heseemed to know the expression “You can‟t take it with you” a long time ago.5) They are brainwashed into believing that it is good to own things. Actually, they are hungry for gentleness,tenderness or for a sense of comradeship and, therefore, they desperately seek after material things assubstitutes.6) Morrie was far from better off in material things, but he was wealthy in spiritual ways. For years, Morriehadn‟t bought anything new— except medical equipment. And his bank account was rapidly depleting.But he was rich in love, friendship, caring and he derived plenty of satisfaction and gratification from teaching, communication, and such simple pleasures as singing, laughing, and dancing.7) He advised us to devote ourselves to loving others, to our community around us, and to creating somethingthat gives us purpose and meaning. In other words, if we want to find a meaningful life, we should be ourselves and never show off either for people at the top or for people at the bottom. Instead, we should be kind and candid and ready to offer others what we have to give.2.Text A can be divided into four parts, with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Paragraph(s) Main IdeaPart One 1-3 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part Two 4-9 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part Three 10-14 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part Four 15-30 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________▆▆ Answers for Reference:Paragraph(s) Main IdeaPart One 1-3 The author brought Ted Turner‟s news story to Morrie forhis opinion.Part Two 4-9 Morrie explained that Ted Turner‟s problem was caused bythe endlessly repeated stress on the significance of materialthings.Part Three 10-14 In order to get happiness, people are trying to substitutematerial things for love or tenderness, and they fail todistinguish what they want and what they really need inlife.Part Four 15-30 The way to get satisfaction is to offer with an open heart toothers what you have to give: devote yourself to lovingothers, devote yourself to your community around you, anddevote yourself to creating something that gives youpurpose and meaning.Section B In-Depth StudyOn his graduation, Mitch Albom, the narrator, told his favorite professor, Morrie Schwartz, that he would keep in touch. However, Mitch didn’t resume the contact with his old professor until one night on TV when he saw Morrie being interviewed in a wheelchair. It turned out that Morrie had developed ALS (重症肌无力), a terminal disease (不治之症). Soon Mitch realized that he still had a lot to learn from his teacher. He visited Morrie every Tuesday until the fourteenth one, when Morrie passed away. On those Tuesdays he had “classes”, where Morrie gave lessons and wisdom to him. The text you are going to read is the eighth Tuesday’s class where Morrie talks about what role money or material things are supposed to play in life.The Eighth Tuesday We Talk About MoneyMitch Albom1 I held up the newspaper so that Morrie could see it:2 “I DON‟T WANT MY TOMBSTONE TO READI NEVER OWNED A NETWORK.”3 Morrie laughed, then shook his head. The morning sun was coming through the window behind him, falling on the pink flowers of the hibiscus plant that sat on the sill. The quote was from Ted Turner, the billionaire media mogul, founder of CNN, who had been lamenting his inability to snatch up the CBS network in a corporate megadeal. I had brought the story to Morrie this morning because I wondered if Turner ever found himsel f in my old professor‟s position, his breath disappearing, his body turning to stone, his days being crossed off the calendar one by one — would he really be crying over owning a network?4 “It‟s all part of the same problem, Mitch,” Morrie said. “We put o ur values in the wrong things. And it leads to very disillusioned lives. I think we should talk about that.”5 Morrie was focused. There were good days and bad days now. He was having a good day. The night before, he had been entertained by a local a cappella group that had come to the house to perform, and he relayed the story excitedly, as if the Ink Spots themselves had dropped by for a visit.Morrie‟s love for music was strong even before he got sick, but now it was so intense that it moved him to tears. He would listen to opera sometimes at night, closing his eyes, riding along with the magnificent voices as they dipped and soared.6 “You should have heard this group last night, Mitch. Such a sound!”7 Morrie had always been taken with simple pleasures, singing, laughing, dancing.Now, more than ever, material things held little or no significance. When people die, you always hear the expression “You can‟t take it with you.” Morrie seemed to know that a long time ago.8 “We‟ve got a form of brainwashing going on in our country,” Morrie sighed. “Do you know how they brainwash people? They repeat something over and over. And that‟s what we do in this country. Owning things is good. More money is good. More property is good. More commercialism is good. More is good. More is good. We repeat it — and have it repeated to us — over and over until nobody bothers to even think otherwise. The average person is so fogged up by all this that he has no perspective on what‟s really important anymore.9 “Wherever I wen t in my life, I met people wanting to gobble up something new. Gobble up a new car. Gobble up a new piece of property. Gobble up the latest toy. And then they wanted to tell you about it. …Guess what I got? Guess what I got?‟10 “You know how I always interpreted that? These were people so hungry for love that they were accepting substitutes. They were embracing material things and expecting a sort of hug back. But it never works. You can‟t substitute material things for love or for gentleness or for tenderness or for a sense of comradeship.11 “Money is not a substitute for tenderness, and power is not a substitute for tenderness. I can tell you, as I‟m sitting here dying, when you most need it, neither money nor power will give you the feeling you‟re looki ng for, no matter how much of them you have.”12 I glanced around Morrie‟s study. It was the same today as it had been the first day I arrived. Thebooks held their same places on the shelves. The papers cluttered the same old desk. The outside rooms had n ot been improved or upgraded. In fact, Morrie really hadn‟t bought anything new—except medical equipment — in a long, long time, maybe years. The day he learned that he was terminally ill was the day he lost interest in his purchasing power.13 So the TV was the same old model, the car that Charlotte drove was the same old model, the dishes and the silverware and the towels — all the same. And yet the house had changed so drastically. It had filled with love and teaching and communication. It had filled with friendship and family and honesty and tears. It had filled with colleagues and students and meditation teachers and therapists and nurses and a cappella groups. It had become, in a very real way, a wealthy home, even though Morrie‟s bank account was ra pidly depleting.14 “There‟s a big confusion in this country over what we want versus what we need,” Morrie said. “You need food, you want a chocolate sundae. You have to be honest with yourself. You don‟t need the latest sports car, you don‟t need the big gest house.15 “The truth is, you don‟t get satisfaction from those things. You know what really gives you satisfaction?” What?16 “Offering others what you have to give.”17 You sound like a Boy Scout.18 “I don‟t mean money, Mitch. I mean your time. Your concern. Your storytelling. It‟s not so hard. There‟s a senior center that opened near here. Dozens of elderly people come there every day. If you‟re a young man or young woman and you have a skill, you are asked to come and teach it. Say you know computers. You come there and teach them computers. You are very welcome there. And they are very grateful. This is how you start to get respect, by offering something that you have.19 “There are plenty of places to do this. You don‟t need to have a big talent. There are lonely people in hospitals and shelters who only want some companionship. You play cards with a lonely older man and you find new respect for yourself, because you are needed.20 “Remember what I said about finding a meaningful life? I wrote it down, but now I can recite it: Devote yourself to loving others, devote yourself to your community around you, and devote yourself to creating something that gives you purpose and meaning.21 “You notice,” he added, grinning, “there‟s nothing in there about a salary.”22 I jotted some of the things Morrie was saying on a yellow pad. I did this mostly because I didn‟t want him to see my eyes, to know what I was thinking, that I had been, for much of my life since graduation, pursuing these very things he had been railing against — bigger toys, nicer house. Because I worked among rich and famous athletes, I convinced myself that my needs were realistic, my greed trivial compared to theirs.23 This was a smokescreen. Morrie made that obvious. “Mitch, if you‟re trying to show off for people at the top, forget it. They will look down on you anyhow. And if you‟re trying to show off for people at the bottom, forget it. They will only envy you. Status will get you nowhere. Only an open heart will allow you to float equally between everyone.”24 He paused, then looked at me. “I‟m dying, right?” Yes.25 “Why do you think it‟s so important for me to hear other people‟s problems? Don‟t I have enough pain and suffering of my own?26 “Of course I do. But giving to other p eople is what makes me feel alive. Not my car or my house. Not what I look like in the mirror. When I give my time, when I can make someone smile after they were feeling sad, it‟s as close to healthy as I ever feel.27 “Do the kinds of things that come from the heart. When you do, you won‟t be dissatisfied, you won‟t be envious, you won‟t be longing for somebody else‟s things. On the contrary, you‟ll be overwhelmed with what comes back.”28 He coughed and reached for the small bell that lay on the chair. He had to poke a few times at it, and I finally picked it up and put it in his hand.29 “Thank you,” he whispered. He shook it weakly, trying to get Connie‟s attention.30 “This Ted Turner guy,” Morrie said, “he couldn‟t think of anything else for his tombstone?”▇课文参考译文相约第八个星期二：关于金钱米奇·阿尔博姆1 我举起报纸，让莫里能看见这句话：2 “我不愿意我的墓碑上刻着‘我不曾拥有一个广播电视公司‟。
